EP0692710B1 - Method and device for image processing for detecting light reflecting faults - Google Patents

Method and device for image processing for detecting light reflecting faults Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0692710B1
EP0692710B1 EP95420195A EP95420195A EP0692710B1 EP 0692710 B1 EP0692710 B1 EP 0692710B1 EP 95420195 A EP95420195 A EP 95420195A EP 95420195 A EP95420195 A EP 95420195A EP 0692710 B1 EP0692710 B1 EP 0692710B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
reflected
defects
mirror
beams
successive images
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0692710A1 (en
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Ruo Dan Zhang
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Tiama SA
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BSN SA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/90—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination in a container or its contents
    • G01N21/9054—Inspection of sealing surface and container finish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of inspection translucent or transparent hollow objects or articles, such as for example bottles or flasks, in order to detect any defects presented by the article and having the characteristic of reflecting light. Quality control of such articles appear necessary, in order to eliminate the articles which have defects likely to affect their aesthetic character or, more serious, to present a real danger to the user.
  • the object of the invention relates, more specifically, to the field of detection defects, generally called glazes, by exploiting their characteristic essential which is that of reflecting an incident light.
  • the invention relates more particularly to inspection techniques consisting in rotating the articles, in order to detect glazes presented by the rings of such articles.
  • document EP-0 456 910 describes a device ensuring the inspection of hollow articles intended to be rotated around their central axis.
  • a lighting system is adapted to provide an incident light beam concentrated by a lens on the upper part of the article ring.
  • a reception system such as a matrix camera, receives the reflected light beams, in particular by vertical glazes, during the rotation of the article.
  • the camera is connected to a processing unit indicating whether the reflected beams exceed a predetermined light intensity threshold, beyond which a defect is noted.
  • Such a device does not allow the identification of actual faults originating from glazes, differentiating them from spurious signals due to spurious lighting or the screw threads for plugs. Indeed, the principle of this device, which is based on the detection of a light intensity threshold level received by the camera, leads to identify, as a fault, a spurious signal reaching the threshold detection.
  • document EP-A-0 483 966 proposes to implement a device comprising a light source illuminating the bottom of a bottle placed on a support driven in rotation.
  • a camera takes images of the bottom of the bottle through a scanning window in the bottle holder.
  • the camera is connected to a unit for analyzing and processing the received light beams, adapted to form, at a given rate, successive images of the object each formed from a determined number of pixels.
  • the analysis and processing unit then performs, after resynchronization of the two successive images, a difference between the pixels of the two aforementioned images and a counting with respect to threshold values, so as to make it possible to distinguish the reflected beams of stationary nature, corresponding to parasitic reflections, of those of variable nature, corresponding to defects of the object.
  • the object of the invention therefore aims to offer a process designed to distinguish parasitic signals of faults presented by a transparent hollow object or translucent and coming from both vertical glazes and glazes horizontal.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic view in elevation of the implementation of a detection device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating the operating principle of the detection device according to the invention.
  • Figs. 3A to 3D show various images illustrating an example of operation of the device according to the invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a preferred embodiment of a detection device according to the invention.
  • Figs. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing, in the vertical plane, the path of the light beams of the detection device illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • Fig. 6 is a diagram showing, in the horizontal plane, the path of the light beams of the detection device illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the device 1 which is an embodiment not covered by the claims but useful for understanding the invention, is designed to allow the control of hollow objects or articles 2 made of a transparent or translucent material such as glass.
  • the device 1 is able to detect faults, in particular glazes liable to appear at a predetermined inspection or control area which, in the example illustrated, corresponds to the rings of the bottles 2 .
  • the bottles 2 are supported by an appropriate handling system 3 making it possible to rotate the bottles around their main longitudinal axis 4 .
  • the detection device 1 comprises at least one lighting system 5 designed to deliver an incident light beam 6 intended to illuminate a predetermined area of the bottle 2 , at an appropriate angle of incidence, in order to avoid the confusion between reflected light beams 7 due to glazes 8 and parasitic light reflections due, in particular, to the presence of the threads arranged on the bottles of the screw ring type.
  • the detection device 1 also comprises an optical element 9 for collecting or recovering the reflected beams 7 , in order to transmit them to a reception system 10 constituted, in the example illustrated, by a matrix camera with high acquisition frequency allowing to observe successively each point of the ring on at least two consecutive images.
  • the camera 10 receives, via the optical element 9 , an image of the area of the bottle illuminated by the incident beam 6 . Such an image is likely to evolve as a function of the rotation of the bottle, revealing the various light beams reflected by the object 2 during its rotation.
  • the camera 10 transmits this information to an image analysis and processing unit 11 .
  • the analysis and processing unit 11 comprises an acquisition circuit 12 connected at input, to the camera 10 which delivers electronic signals representative of the light intensity received by each of the photosensitive cells of the camera and corresponding to the images appearing on the optical element 9 .
  • the acquisition circuit 12 ensures the conversion of the analog signal into a digital signal coded on a certain number of bits according to a determined gray scale.
  • the acquisition circuit 12 is connected to a control unit 13 connected to a system (not shown) for detecting the presence of a bottle 2.
  • the control unit 13 is also connected to an encoder associated with the setting system 3 rotation of the bottle allowing, as will be explained in the following description, the acquisition of images at predetermined distance intervals.
  • the acquisition circuit 12 is connected, by means of a filter 14, to a circuit 15 ensuring the formation of successive images i 1 , i 2 , ..., i n .
  • the processing unit 11 also includes means 16 ensuring the execution of a processing operation between at least two successive images i 1 to i n , so as to identify the glazing defects.
  • the means 16 are connected, at output, to a threshold circuit 17 adapted to store the signals exceeding a predetermined level of light intensity.
  • the output of the threshold circuit 17 is connected to a circuit 17 1 for measuring the characteristics of the light spots appearing on the images.
  • the measurement circuit 17 1 thus defines the average gray level of the signal corresponding to the brightness of the reflection, as well as the morphological or shape parameters of the defects, such as the surface, the perimeter and the center of gravity of the light spots.
  • the measurement circuit l7 1 determines, also, the rate of appearance and disappearance of tasks.
  • the circuit l7 1 allows the circuit l7 1 , by comparison between the sequences of images. , to determine whether or not the light spot corresponds to a glaze reflection.
  • the circuit 17 1 controls a rejection circuit 17 2 making it possible to remove the defective bottle from the conveyor.
  • the control unit 13 activates the camera 10, so as to acquire, during the rotation of the bottle on a lathe, images at a determined frequency , preferably regular.
  • the image acquisition frequency is 64 images for one rotation of the bottle.
  • the images taken make it possible to show, in the form of spots or light traces, the light reflections 7 originating either from real defects, such as glazes, or from parasites in particular due to the presence of the threads of screwing arranged on the bottles.
  • Figs. 3A to 3C illustrate three examples of images i 1 , i 2 , i 3 taken successively by the camera 10, respectively at times t 1 , t 2 , t 3 .
  • the image i 1 reveals, in particular, two central light spots l 1 , l 2 and a lower light spot l 3
  • the image i 2 makes it possible to distinguish, in addition to the tasks l 1 , l 2 , l 3 , an additional task l 4 .
  • the image i 3 shows the persistence of the light spots l 1 , l 2 , l 3 and the disappearance of the light spot l 4 .
  • the tasks l 1 , l 2 , l 3 are of stationary nature and come from reflected beams of parasitic nature, while the light task l 4 is of variable nature in time and space and corresponds to a glaze.
  • a comparative analysis of the images taken by the camera makes it possible to distinguish between signals due to glazes and parasitic signals.
  • the means 16 compare the images by performing a subtraction operation between two successive images.
  • Fig. 3D illustrates an image i ' corresponding to a subtraction of the images i 1 and i 2 .
  • the image i ' lets appear, in particular, the light spot l 4 corresponding to a glaze defect.
  • the successive images are subjected to image processing consisting in analyzing the characteristics of the light spots and the evolution of these characteristics on the successive images.
  • the circuits 17, 17 1 thus perform, on the one hand, operations for determining and analyzing the morphological parameters, the brightness and the spatial and temporal positions of the light spots appearing on the successive images and, on the other hand, a comparative analysis of these characteristics. Such a comparative analysis makes it possible to determine whether the defect found should lead to the rejection of the article or not.
  • the method according to the invention thus makes it possible to scan the entire circumference of the ring of the bottle considering that each of the points observed appears on at least two images. Detection and identification of glazing defects are obtained by performing a comparative analysis between at least two images successive taken during the rotation of the article.
  • the process according to the invention offers the advantage of being particularly effective and simple to implement.
  • the comparison operation between the images can be completed by a operation for correcting the positioning of articles, carried out by a system appropriate resynchronization.
  • the operation of comparison may be different from a subtraction operation.
  • the comparison operation consists in examining the differences or similarities between the characteristics of the light spots appearing on the successive images.
  • this comparative analysis consists as well as taking into account the spatial and temporal position of the tasks, as their morphological parameters (surface, perimeter, center of gravity) and shades of grey.
  • the analysis of the evolution of the characteristics of the tasks appearing on the images is carried out by a so-called "neural network” algorithm allowing the identification of a glaze and classify it, to determine if it corresponds to a glaze defect vertical or horizontal. This algorithm thus allows to know if the article should be rejected or not depending on the fault detected.
  • Points C and F are limit points, insofar as any ray passing through point C is reflected on itself and any ray passing through point F is reflected parallel to the central axis AS .
  • the center of the bottle 2 is placed so as to coincide with the center of curvature C of the mirror in order, on the one hand, to simplify the calculations for positioning the camera and, on the other hand , to obtain a reflection zone around point A.
  • the user fixes the angles ⁇ or ⁇ 'and the formulas (1), (2) and (3) make it possible to determine the measurements AS, AH and the angles ⁇ ' or ⁇ .
  • point A theoretically represents the meeting point, in space, of the rays reflected by the horizontal and vertical glazes.
  • the meeting point of the reflected rays is located in an area or space located around point A.
  • the position of the camera 10 is therefore easily calculated from the formulas of the reflection given above.
  • the system can be separated into two independent vertical glazing and horizontal glazing control systems.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Materials By The Use Of Optical Means Adapted For Particular Applications (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
  • Testing Or Measuring Of Semiconductors Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

Part of the hollow object (2), either transparent or translucent, is illuminated (8) by an incident light beam (6). The object is rotated (3), relative to the beam, around its central axis (4). The reflected light beam (7) from the object forms successive images at a regular pace. Two successive images are compared to distinguish stationary reflected beams, corresponding to parasitic variable reflections and object defects. Defects are detected by illuminating the object's wall, internally for horizontal and external for vertical, defects. The reflected light is intercepted by a detector (10), for subsequent morphological analysis (11) of the luminosity and temporal and spatial positions of the images. A mirror (9) may change the reflected ray path to the detector. <IMAGE>

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine technique de l'inspection d'objets ou d'articles creux translucides ou transparents, tels que par exemple des bouteilles ou des flacons, en vue de déceler d'éventuels défauts présentés par l'article et possédant la caractéristique de réfléchir la lumière. Le contrôle de la qualité de tels articles apparaít nécessaire, afin d'éliminer les articles qui présentent des défauts susceptibles d'affecter leur caractère esthétique ou, plus grave, de présenter un réel danger pour l'utilisateur.The present invention relates to the technical field of inspection translucent or transparent hollow objects or articles, such as for example bottles or flasks, in order to detect any defects presented by the article and having the characteristic of reflecting light. Quality control of such articles appear necessary, in order to eliminate the articles which have defects likely to affect their aesthetic character or, more serious, to present a real danger to the user.

L'objet de l'invention vise, plus précisément, le domaine de la détection de défauts, appelés généralement glaçures, en exploitant leur caractéristique essentielle qui est celle de réfléchir une lumière incidente.The object of the invention relates, more specifically, to the field of detection defects, generally called glazes, by exploiting their characteristic essential which is that of reflecting an incident light.

L'invention concerne, plus particulièrement, les techniques d'inspection consistant à entraíner en rotation les articles, en vue de détecter les glaçures présentées par les bagues de tels articles.The invention relates more particularly to inspection techniques consisting in rotating the articles, in order to detect glazes presented by the rings of such articles.

L'art antérieur a proposé de nombreuses solutions faisant appel à une telle technique de détection. Ainsi, le document EP-0 456 910 décrit un dispositif assurant l'inspection d'articles creux destinés à être mis en rotation autour de leur axe central. Un système d'éclairage est apte à fournir un faisceau lumineux incident concentré par une lentille sur la partie supérieure de la bague de l'article. Un système de réception, tel qu'une caméra matricielle, reçoit les faisceaux lumineux réfléchis, notamment par des glaçures verticales, lors de la rotation de l'article. La caméra est reliée à une unité de traitement indiquant si les faisceaux réfléchis dépassent un seuil d'intensité lumineuse prédéterminée, au-delà duquel un défaut est constaté.The prior art has proposed numerous solutions using such a detection technique. Thus, document EP-0 456 910 describes a device ensuring the inspection of hollow articles intended to be rotated around their central axis. A lighting system is adapted to provide an incident light beam concentrated by a lens on the upper part of the article ring. A reception system, such as a matrix camera, receives the reflected light beams, in particular by vertical glazes, during the rotation of the article. The camera is connected to a processing unit indicating whether the reflected beams exceed a predetermined light intensity threshold, beyond which a defect is noted.

Un tel dispositif ne permet pas d'identifier les défauts réels provenant de glaçures, en les différenciant des signaux parasites dus à des éclairements parasites ou aux filets de vissage pour des bouchons. En effet, le principe de ce dispositif, qui repose sur la détection d'un niveau de seuil d'intensité lumineuse reçue par la caméra, conduit à identifier, comme un défaut, un signal parasite atteignant le seuil de détection.Such a device does not allow the identification of actual faults originating from glazes, differentiating them from spurious signals due to spurious lighting or the screw threads for plugs. Indeed, the principle of this device, which is based on the detection of a light intensity threshold level received by the camera, leads to identify, as a fault, a spurious signal reaching the threshold detection.

Pour tenter de résoudre le problème de la différenciation des faisceaux réfléchis correspondant à des réflexions parasites de ceux correspondant à des défauts de l'objet, le document EP-A-0 483 966 propose de mettre en oeuvre un dispositif comportant une source lumineuse éclairant le fond d'une bouteille placée sur un support entraíné en rotation. Une caméra prend des images du fond de la bouteille à travers une fenêtre de scrutation ménagée dans le support de la bouteille. La caméra est reliée à une unité d'analyse et de traitement des faisceaux lumineux reçus, adaptée pour former, selon une cadence donnée, des images successives de l'objet formées chacune d'un nombre déterminé de pixels. L'unité d'analyse et de traitement effectue, ensuite, après une resynchronisation des deux images successives, une différence entre les pixels des deux images précitées et un comptage par rapport à des valeurs de seuil, de façon à permettre de distinguer les faisceaux réfléchis de nature stationnaire, correspondant à des réflexions parasites, de ceux de nature variable, correspondant à des défauts de l'objet.In an attempt to solve the problem of differentiating the reflected beams corresponding to parasitic reflections from those corresponding to defects in the object, document EP-A-0 483 966 proposes to implement a device comprising a light source illuminating the bottom of a bottle placed on a support driven in rotation. A camera takes images of the bottom of the bottle through a scanning window in the bottle holder. The camera is connected to a unit for analyzing and processing the received light beams, adapted to form, at a given rate, successive images of the object each formed from a determined number of pixels. The analysis and processing unit then performs, after resynchronization of the two successive images, a difference between the pixels of the two aforementioned images and a counting with respect to threshold values, so as to make it possible to distinguish the reflected beams of stationary nature, corresponding to parasitic reflections, of those of variable nature, corresponding to defects of the object.

La technique décrite par cette demande de brevet, qui vise à établir une différence pixels à pixels d'images décalées et resynchronisées, ne se trouve pas adaptée en pratique pour détecter des glaçures affectant la bague des articles transparents ou translucides. En effet, cette technique, qui effectue en fait une différence spatiale entre les images, est inévitablement entachée des erreurs de déplacement en rotation de l'article, en raison des déformations géométriques que présentent les articles à contrôler. De plus, les systèmes d'éclairage et de récupération des faisceaux lumineux réfléchis décrits par ce document ne sont pas en mesure de détecter les défauts présentés par un objet creux et provenant aussi bien des glaçures verticales que des glaçures horizontales.The technique described by this patent application, which aims to establish a pixel to pixel difference of shifted and resynchronized images, is not suitable in practice for detecting glazes affecting the ring of articles transparent or translucent. Indeed, this technique, which actually makes a spatial difference between the images, is inevitably tainted with errors of rotational movement of the article, due to the geometric deformations that present the items to be checked. In addition, the lighting and recovery of the reflected light beams described by this document are not able to detect faults presented by a hollow object and originating as well vertical glazes than horizontal glazes.

L'objet de l'invention vise donc à offrir un procédé conçu pour distinguer les signaux parasites des défauts présentés par un objet creux transparent ou translucide et provenant aussi bien des glaçures verticales que des glaçures horizontales.The object of the invention therefore aims to offer a process designed to distinguish parasitic signals of faults presented by a transparent hollow object or translucent and coming from both vertical glazes and glazes horizontal.

Pour atteindre cet objectif, le procédé selon l'invention consiste :

  • à éclairer une zone de l'objet creux par au moins un faisceau incident,
  • à assurer la rotation relative par rapport au faisceau incident de l'objet creux selon son axe central,
  • à acquérir les faisceaux lumineux réfléchis par l'objet, en vue de former des images successives de l'objet selon une cadence déterminée,
  • et à réaliser une opération de comparaison entre au moins deux images successives, de manière à distinguer les faisceaux réfléchis de nature stationnaire, correspondant à des réflexions parasites, de ceux de nature variable correspondant à des défauts de l'objet.
To achieve this objective, the method according to the invention consists:
  • in illuminating an area of the hollow object with at least one incident beam,
  • ensuring the relative rotation with respect to the incident beam of the hollow object along its central axis,
  • to acquire the light beams reflected by the object, with a view to forming successive images of the object at a determined rate,
  • and performing a comparison operation between at least two successive images, so as to distinguish the reflected beams of stationary nature, corresponding to parasitic reflections, from those of variable nature corresponding to defects of the object.

Selon l'invention, le procédé consiste :

  • à effectuer, en tant qu'opération de comparaison, une opération d'analyse comparative des paramètres morphologiques, de la luminosité et des positions temporelle et spatiale des tâches lumineuses apparaissant sur des images successives,
  • à éclairer la paroi intérieure de l'objet, à l'aide d'un faisceau incident, en vue de détecter les défauts horizontaux,
  • à éclairer la paroi extérieure de l'objet à l'aide de faisceaux incidents, en vue de détecter les défauts verticaux,
  • et à disposer, sur le trajet des faisceaux lumineux réfléchis, un élément optique de récupération, en vue de leur acquisition et traitement.
According to the invention, the method consists:
  • to carry out, as a comparison operation, a comparative analysis operation of the morphological parameters, of the luminosity and of the temporal and spatial positions of the light spots appearing on successive images,
  • to illuminate the interior wall of the object, using an incident beam, in order to detect horizontal faults,
  • to illuminate the external wall of the object using incident beams, in order to detect vertical faults,
  • and to have, on the path of the reflected light beams, an optical recovery element, for their acquisition and processing.

Diverses autres caractéristiques ressortent de la description faite ci-dessous en référence aux dessins annexés qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, des formes de réalisation et de mise en oeuvre de l'objet de l'invention.Various other characteristics will emerge from the description given below with reference to the accompanying drawings which show, by way of examples not limiting, embodiments and implementation of the subject of the invention.

La fig. 1 est une vue schématique en élévation de la mise en oeuvre d'un dispositif de détection selon l'invention. Fig. 1 is a schematic view in elevation of the implementation of a detection device according to the invention.

La fig. 2 est un schéma-bloc fonctionnel illustrant le principe de fonctionnement du dispositif de détection selon l'invention. Fig. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating the operating principle of the detection device according to the invention.

Les fig. 3A à 3D montrent diverses images illustrant un exemple de fonctionnement du dispositif selon l'invention. Figs. 3A to 3D show various images illustrating an example of operation of the device according to the invention.

La fig. 4 est une vue en perspective illustrant un exemple préféré de réalisation d'un dispositif de détection conforme à l'invention. Fig. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a preferred embodiment of a detection device according to the invention.

Les fig. 5A et 5B sont des schémas montrant, dans le plan vertical, le trajet des faisceaux lumineux du dispositif de détection illustré à la fig. 4. Figs. 5A and 5B are diagrams showing, in the vertical plane, the path of the light beams of the detection device illustrated in FIG. 4.

La fig. 6 est un schéma montrant, dans le plan horizontal, le trajet des faisceaux lumineux du dispositif de détection illustré à la fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a diagram showing, in the horizontal plane, the path of the light beams of the detection device illustrated in FIG. 4.

Tel que cela apparaít à la fig. 1, le dispositif 1 qui est un mode de réalisation non couvert par les revendications mais utile à la compréhension de l'invention, est conçu pour permettre le contrôle d'objets ou d'articles creux 2 réalisés en un matériau transparent ou translucide tel que du verre. Le dispositif 1 est apte à détecter des défauts, notamment des glaçures susceptibles d'apparaítre au niveau d'une zone prédéterminée d'inspection ou de contrôle qui, dans l'exemple illustré, correspond aux bagues des bouteilles 2. D'une manière classique, les bouteilles 2 sont prises en charge par un système de manipulation approprié 3 permettant d'assurer la rotation des bouteilles autour de leur axe principal longitudinal 4.As it appears in fig. 1, the device 1 which is an embodiment not covered by the claims but useful for understanding the invention, is designed to allow the control of hollow objects or articles 2 made of a transparent or translucent material such as glass. The device 1 is able to detect faults, in particular glazes liable to appear at a predetermined inspection or control area which, in the example illustrated, corresponds to the rings of the bottles 2 . In a conventional manner, the bottles 2 are supported by an appropriate handling system 3 making it possible to rotate the bottles around their main longitudinal axis 4 .

Le dispositif de détection 1 selon l'invention comporte au moins un système d'éclairage 5 conçu pour délivrer un faisceau lumineux incident 6 destiné à éclairer une zone prédéterminée de la bouteille 2, selon un angle d'incidence approprié, afin d'éviter la confusion entre des faisceaux lumineux réfléchis 7 dus à des glaçures 8 et des réflexions lumineuses parasites dues, notamment, à la présence des filets aménagés sur les bouteilles du type bague à vis.The detection device 1 according to the invention comprises at least one lighting system 5 designed to deliver an incident light beam 6 intended to illuminate a predetermined area of the bottle 2 , at an appropriate angle of incidence, in order to avoid the confusion between reflected light beams 7 due to glazes 8 and parasitic light reflections due, in particular, to the presence of the threads arranged on the bottles of the screw ring type.

Le dispositif de détection 1 comporte également un élément optique 9 de collecte ou de récupération des faisceaux réfléchis 7, afin de les transmettre à un système de réception 10 constitué, dans l'exemple illustré, par une caméra matricielle à haute fréquence d'acquisition permettant d'observer de façon successive chaque point de la bague sur au moins deux images consécutives. La caméra 10 reçoit, par l'intermédiaire de l'élément optique 9, une image de la zone de la bouteille éclairée par le faisceau incident 6. Une telle image est susceptible d'évoluer en fonction de la rotation de la bouteille en laissant apparaítre les divers faisceaux lumineux réfléchis par l'objet 2 au cours de sa rotation. La caméra 10 transmet ces informations à une unité 11 d'analyse et de traitement d'images.The detection device 1 also comprises an optical element 9 for collecting or recovering the reflected beams 7 , in order to transmit them to a reception system 10 constituted, in the example illustrated, by a matrix camera with high acquisition frequency allowing to observe successively each point of the ring on at least two consecutive images. The camera 10 receives, via the optical element 9 , an image of the area of the bottle illuminated by the incident beam 6 . Such an image is likely to evolve as a function of the rotation of the bottle, revealing the various light beams reflected by the object 2 during its rotation. The camera 10 transmits this information to an image analysis and processing unit 11 .

Tel que cela apparaít plus précisément à la fig. 2, l'unité 11 d'analyse et de traitement comporte un circuit d'acquisition 12 relié en entrée, à la caméra 10 qui délivre des signaux électroniques représentatifs de l'intensité lumineuse reçue par chacune des cellules photosensibles de la caméra et correspondant aux images apparaissant sur l'élément optique 9. Le circuit d'acquisition 12 assure la conversion du signal analogique en un signal numérique codé sur un certain nombre de bits suivant une échelle de gris déterminée. Le circuit d'acquisition 12 est relié à une unité de commande 13 reliée à un système non représenté de détection de la présence d'une bouteille 2. L'unité de commande 13 est également reliée à un codeur associé au système 3 de mise en rotation de la bouteille permettant, comme cela sera expliqué dans la suite de la description, l'acquisition des images à des intervalles de distance prédéterminés. Le circuit d'acquisition 12 est relié, par l'intermédiaire d'un filtre 14, à un circuit 15 assurant la formation d'images successives i1 , i2 , ..., in. As it appears more precisely in FIG. 2, the analysis and processing unit 11 comprises an acquisition circuit 12 connected at input, to the camera 10 which delivers electronic signals representative of the light intensity received by each of the photosensitive cells of the camera and corresponding to the images appearing on the optical element 9 . The acquisition circuit 12 ensures the conversion of the analog signal into a digital signal coded on a certain number of bits according to a determined gray scale. The acquisition circuit 12 is connected to a control unit 13 connected to a system (not shown) for detecting the presence of a bottle 2. The control unit 13 is also connected to an encoder associated with the setting system 3 rotation of the bottle allowing, as will be explained in the following description, the acquisition of images at predetermined distance intervals. The acquisition circuit 12 is connected, by means of a filter 14, to a circuit 15 ensuring the formation of successive images i 1 , i 2 , ..., i n .

L'unité de traitement 11 comporte également des moyens 16 assurant la réalisation d'une opération de traitement entre au moins deux images successives i1 à in, de manière à identifier les défauts de glaçures. Les moyens 16 sont reliés, en sortie, à un circuit de seuil 17 adapté pour conserver les signaux dépassant un niveau prédéterminé d'intensité lumineuse. La sortie du circuit de seuil 17 est connectée à un circuit l71 de mesure des caractéristiques des tâches lumineuses apparaissant sur les images. Le circuit de mesure 171 définit ainsi le niveau de gris moyen du signal correspondant à la luminosité de la réflexion, ainsi que les paramètres morphologiques ou de forme des défauts, tels que la surface, le périmètre et le centre de gravité des tâches lumineuses. Le circuit de mesure l71 détermine, également, la vitesse d'apparition et de disparition des tâches. L'analyse de toutes ces caractéristiques, à savoir la luminosité, la vitesse d'apparition, les paramètres morphologiques des tâches lumineuses, ainsi que la position spatiale et temporelle des tâches, permet au circuit l71, par comparaison entre les séquences d'images, de déterminer si la tâche lumineuse correspond ou non à une réflexion de glaçure. Dans le cas où le circuit 171 estime que la tâche lumineuse est due à une réflexion de glaçure, le circuit 171 pilote un circuit de rejet 172 permettant de retirer la bouteille défectueuse du convoyeur.The processing unit 11 also includes means 16 ensuring the execution of a processing operation between at least two successive images i 1 to i n , so as to identify the glazing defects. The means 16 are connected, at output, to a threshold circuit 17 adapted to store the signals exceeding a predetermined level of light intensity. The output of the threshold circuit 17 is connected to a circuit 17 1 for measuring the characteristics of the light spots appearing on the images. The measurement circuit 17 1 thus defines the average gray level of the signal corresponding to the brightness of the reflection, as well as the morphological or shape parameters of the defects, such as the surface, the perimeter and the center of gravity of the light spots. The measurement circuit l7 1 determines, also, the rate of appearance and disappearance of tasks. The analysis of all these characteristics, namely the brightness, the speed of appearance, the morphological parameters of the light spots, as well as the spatial and temporal position of the tasks, allows the circuit l7 1 , by comparison between the sequences of images. , to determine whether or not the light spot corresponds to a glaze reflection. In the case where the circuit 17 1 considers that the light task is due to a reflection of glaze, the circuit 17 1 controls a rejection circuit 17 2 making it possible to remove the defective bottle from the conveyor.

Le procédé de détection selon l'invention découle directement de la description qui précède. The detection method according to the invention follows directly from the description above.

Dès qu'une bouteille 2 est prise en charge par le système de manipulation 3, l'unité de commande 13 active la caméra 10, de manière à acquérir, lors de la rotation de la bouteille sur un tour, des images à une fréquence déterminée, de préférence régulière. A titre d'exemple, la fréquence d'acquisition des images est de 64 images pour un tour de rotation de la bouteille. Les images prises permettent de faire apparaítre, sous la forme de tâches ou de traces lumineuses, les réflexions lumineuses 7 provenant soit de défauts réels, tels que des glaçures, soit de parasites notamment dus à la présence des filets de vissage aménagés sur les bouteilles.As soon as a bottle 2 is taken over by the handling system 3, the control unit 13 activates the camera 10, so as to acquire, during the rotation of the bottle on a lathe, images at a determined frequency , preferably regular. For example, the image acquisition frequency is 64 images for one rotation of the bottle. The images taken make it possible to show, in the form of spots or light traces, the light reflections 7 originating either from real defects, such as glazes, or from parasites in particular due to the presence of the threads of screwing arranged on the bottles.

Les fig. 3A à 3C illustrent trois exemples d'images i1, i2, i3 prises successivement par la caméra 10, respectivement à des temps t1, t2, t3. L'image i1 laisse apparaítre, notamment, deux tâches lumineuses centrales l1, l2 et une tâche lumineuse inférieure l3, tandis que l'image i2 permet de distinguer, en plus des tâches l1, l2, l3, une tâche supplémentaire l4. L'image i3 permet de constater la persistance des tâches lumineuses l1, l2, l3 et la disparition de la tâche lumineuse l4. Figs. 3A to 3C illustrate three examples of images i 1 , i 2 , i 3 taken successively by the camera 10, respectively at times t 1 , t 2 , t 3 . The image i 1 reveals, in particular, two central light spots l 1 , l 2 and a lower light spot l 3 , while the image i 2 makes it possible to distinguish, in addition to the tasks l 1 , l 2 , l 3 , an additional task l 4 . The image i 3 shows the persistence of the light spots l 1 , l 2 , l 3 and the disappearance of the light spot l 4 .

Il peut donc en être déduit que les tâches l1, l2, l3 sont de nature stationnaire et proviennent de faisceaux réfléchis à caractère parasite, tandis que la tâche lumineuse l4 est de nature variable dans le temps et l'espace et correspond à une glaçure. Une analyse comparative des images prises par la caméra permet d'assurer une distinction entre les signaux dus à des glaçures et des signaux parasites. Dans l'exemple illustré, les moyens 16 comparent les images en effectuant une opération de soustraction entre deux images successives. La fig. 3D illustre une image i' correspondant à une soustraction des images i1 et i2 . L'image i' laisse apparaítre, notamment, la tâche lumineuse l4 correspondant à un défaut de glaçure. Dans une forme préférée de réalisation, les images successives sont soumises à un traitement d'images consistant à analyser les caractéristiques des tâches lumineuses et l'évolution de ces caractéristiques sur les images successives. Les circuits 17, 171 effectuent ainsi, d'une part, des opérations de détermination et d'analyse des paramètres morphologiques, de la luminosité et des positions spatiale et temporelle des tâches lumineuses apparaissant sur les images successives et, d'autre part, une analyse comparative de ces caractéristiques. Une telle analyse comparative permet de déterminer si le défaut constaté doit entraíner ou non le rejet de l'article.It can therefore be deduced therefrom that the tasks l 1 , l 2 , l 3 are of stationary nature and come from reflected beams of parasitic nature, while the light task l 4 is of variable nature in time and space and corresponds to a glaze. A comparative analysis of the images taken by the camera makes it possible to distinguish between signals due to glazes and parasitic signals. In the example illustrated, the means 16 compare the images by performing a subtraction operation between two successive images. Fig. 3D illustrates an image i ' corresponding to a subtraction of the images i 1 and i 2 . The image i ' lets appear, in particular, the light spot l 4 corresponding to a glaze defect. In a preferred embodiment, the successive images are subjected to image processing consisting in analyzing the characteristics of the light spots and the evolution of these characteristics on the successive images. The circuits 17, 17 1 thus perform, on the one hand, operations for determining and analyzing the morphological parameters, the brightness and the spatial and temporal positions of the light spots appearing on the successive images and, on the other hand, a comparative analysis of these characteristics. Such a comparative analysis makes it possible to determine whether the defect found should lead to the rejection of the article or not.

Le procédé selon l'invention permet ainsi de scruter toute la circonférence de la bague de la bouteille en considérant que chacun des points observés apparaít sur au moins deux images. La détection et l'identification des défauts de glaçures sont obtenues en réalisant une analyse comparative entre au moins deux images successives prises lors de la rotation de l'article. Le procédé selon l'invention offre l'avantage d'être particulièrement efficace et simple à mettre en oeuvre. Bien entendu, l'opération de comparaison entre les images peut être complétée par une opération de correction des positionnements des articles, réalisée par un système approprié de resynchronisation. Par ailleurs, il doit être considéré que l'opération de comparaison peut être différente d'une opération de soustraction. A titre d'exemple préféré, l'opération de comparaison consiste à examiner les différences ou les ressemblances entre les caractéristiques des tâches lumineuses apparaíssant sur les images successives. Il doit bien être compris que cette analyse comparative consiste aussi bien en une prise en compte de la position spatiale et temporelle des tâches, que de leurs paramètres morphologiques (surface, périmètre, centre de gravité) et niveau de gris. Selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, l'analyse de l'évolution des caractéristiques des tâches apparaissant sur les images est réalisée par un algorithme dit "à réseaux de neurones" permettant d'identifier un défaut de glaçure et de le classifier, afin de déterminer s'il correspond à un défaut de glaçure verticale ou horizontale. Cet algorithme permet ainsi de savoir si l'article doit être rejeté ou non en fonction du défaut détecté.The method according to the invention thus makes it possible to scan the entire circumference of the ring of the bottle considering that each of the points observed appears on at least two images. Detection and identification of glazing defects are obtained by performing a comparative analysis between at least two images successive taken during the rotation of the article. The process according to the invention offers the advantage of being particularly effective and simple to implement. Well of course, the comparison operation between the images can be completed by a operation for correcting the positioning of articles, carried out by a system appropriate resynchronization. Furthermore, it must be considered that the operation of comparison may be different from a subtraction operation. For exemple preferred, the comparison operation consists in examining the differences or similarities between the characteristics of the light spots appearing on the successive images. It should be understood that this comparative analysis consists as well as taking into account the spatial and temporal position of the tasks, as their morphological parameters (surface, perimeter, center of gravity) and shades of grey. According to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the analysis of the evolution of the characteristics of the tasks appearing on the images is carried out by a so-called "neural network" algorithm allowing the identification of a glaze and classify it, to determine if it corresponds to a glaze defect vertical or horizontal. This algorithm thus allows to know if the article should be rejected or not depending on the fault detected.

Les fig. 4, 5A et 5B illustrent une autre caractéristique du procédé décrit ci-dessus permettant de détecter aussi bien les glaçures dites horizontales, que les glaçures dites verticales de la bague d'une bouteille. A cet égard, le dispositif 1 selon l'invention comporte un système d'éclairage 5 situé au-dessus du plan P horizontal ou transversal, tangent au sommet de la bouteille. Le système d'éclairage 5 est apte à fournir un faisceau incident 6 qui est destiné à éclairer la paroi interne de la bouteille 2, en vue d'assurer la détection des glaçures horizontales. Tel que cela apparaít plus précisément aux fig. 4 et 5A, le faisceau incident 6 forme, avec un plan transversal ou horizontal P de la bouteille, un angle β compris entre 20 et 60°. Le faisceau de réflexion 7 est récupéré par l'élément optique 9 constitué, avantageusement, par un miroir présentant une surface de réflexion 18 de forme cylindrique dont la concavité est tournée vers l'objet 2. L'axe vertical de symétrie OI du miroir est placé parallèlement et, de préférence, en coïncidence avec l'axe longitudinal 4 de la bouteille. Le miroir cylindrique 9 joue le rôle d'un collecteur de faisceaux lumineux au même titre qu'une lentille collectrice. Les faisceaux lumineux incident 6 et réfléchi 7 sont placés dans un même plan vertical qui passe par le plan diamétral du miroir 9 défini, notamment, par les points A et S. La mesure AH, correspondant à la position du faisceau lumineux dans le plan vertical par rapport au plan horizontal P tangent à la bague de la bouteille, est telle que AH = (R + AS-r)tan(β) - Δ, (1) avec

r :
le rayon de la bague de l'article 2,
R :
le rayon du miroir 9,
Δ :
la distance O'O".
Figs. 4, 5A and 5B illustrate another characteristic of the method described above making it possible to detect both so-called horizontal glazes and so-called vertical glazes of the ring of a bottle. In this regard, the device 1 according to the invention comprises a lighting system 5 located above the horizontal or transverse plane P , tangent to the top of the bottle. The lighting system 5 is capable of providing an incident beam 6 which is intended to illuminate the internal wall of the bottle 2, in order to ensure the detection of horizontal glazes. As shown more precisely in Figs. 4 and 5A, the incident beam 6 forms, with a transverse or horizontal plane P of the bottle, an angle β between 20 and 60 °. The reflection beam 7 is recovered by the optical element 9 constituted, advantageously, by a mirror having a reflection surface 18 of cylindrical shape whose concavity is turned towards the object 2. The vertical axis of symmetry OI of the mirror is placed parallel and preferably in coincidence with the longitudinal axis 4 of the bottle. The cylindrical mirror 9 plays the role of a collector of light beams in the same way as a collecting lens. The incident 6 and reflected 7 light beams are placed in the same vertical plane which passes through the diametral plane of the mirror 9 defined, in particular, by the points A and S. The measurement AH, corresponding to the position of the light beam in the vertical plane with respect to the horizontal plane P tangent to the ring of the bottle, is such that AH = (R + AS-r) tan (β) - Δ, (1) with
r:
the radius of the ring of article 2 ,
A:
the radius of the mirror 9 ,
Δ:
the distance O'O ".

Le dispositif 1 selon l'invention comporte également un deuxième 20 et un troisième 21 systèmes d'éclairage aptes à fournir, chacun, respectivement un faisceau lumineux incident 23, 24 adapté pour éclairer la paroi extérieure de l'objet 2, en vue d'assurer la détection des glaçures verticales. Les systèmes d'éclairage 20, 21 sont placés symétriquement par rapport à l'axe central de symétrie AS et en dessous du plan tangent P. Les faisceaux lumineux incidents 23, 24 entrainent l'apparition, lors de la présence de glaçures verticales, de faisceaux réfléchis respectifs 25, 26. La fig. 5B illustre, à titre d'exemple, le cheminement du rayon incident 23 et, par suite, du rayon incident 24, formant un angle β' avec le plan horizontal P. Dans le plan vertical, le miroir cylindrique 9 est utilisé comme un miroir plan, dans la mesure où dans ce plan, la courbure est infinie. La mesure AH correspondant à la position du faisceau lumineux dans le plan vertical par rapport au plan horizontal P tangent à la bague de la bouteille, est telle que AH = (R + AS)tang(β'), (2). Tel que cela apparaít plus précisément à la fig. 6, la courbure du miroir permet de ramener les faisceaux réfléchis 25, 26 sur l'axe central AS du miroir sur lequel se situent déjà les réflexions des glaçures horizontales. Il est à noter que : Sin (i) = r/R cos (α) et AS = [R sin (i) / sin (α - 2i)] + R, avec

r :
le rayon de la bague de l'article 2,
R:
le rayon du miroir 9,
i :
le demi-angle au sommet entre les faisceaux incident au miroir et réfléchi par le miroir,
α :
l'angle d'incidence dans le plan horizontal des faisceaux lumineux 23, 24.
The device 1 according to the invention also comprises a second 20 and a third 21 lighting systems capable of providing, each, respectively, an incident light beam 23, 24 adapted to illuminate the external wall of the object 2 , with a view to ensure the detection of vertical glazes. The lighting systems 20, 21 are placed symmetrically with respect to the central axis of symmetry AS and below the tangent plane P. The incident light beams 23, 24 cause the appearance, when vertical glazes are present, of respective reflected beams 25, 26. FIG. 5B illustrates, by way of example, the path of the incident ray 23 and, consequently, of the incident ray 24, forming an angle β 'with the horizontal plane P. In the vertical plane, the cylindrical mirror 9 is used as a mirror plane, to the extent that in this plane, the curvature is infinite. The measurement AH corresponding to the position of the light beam in the vertical plane relative to the horizontal plane P tangent to the ring of the bottle, is such that AH = (R + AS ) tang (β '), (2). As it appears more precisely in FIG. 6, the curvature of the mirror makes it possible to bring the reflected beams 25, 26 onto the central axis AS of the mirror on which the reflections of the horizontal glazes are already located. It is to highlight that : Sin (i) = r / R cos (α) and AS = [R sin (i) / sin (α - 2i)] + R, with
r:
the radius of the ring of article 2 ,
R:
the radius of the mirror 9 ,
i:
the half-angle at the top between the beams incident on the mirror and reflected by the mirror,
α:
the angle of incidence in the horizontal plane of the light beams 23, 24.

Il est important que le rayon réfléchi par le miroir passe entre le point C, à savoir le centre de courbure du miroir, et le point F, à savoir le foyer du miroir, de manière que la réflexion soit ramenée sur l'axe central AS. Les points C et F sont des points limites, dans la mesure où tout rayon passant par le point C est réfléchi sur lui même et tout rayon passant par le point F est réfléchi parallèlement à l'axe central AS. D'une manière avantageuse, le centre de la bouteille 2 est placé de manière à coïncider avec le centre de courbure C du miroir en vue, d'une part, de simplifier les calculs pour le positionnement de la caméra et, d'autre part, d'obtenir une zone de réflexion autour du point A. L'utilisateur fixe les angles β ou β' et les formules (1), (2) et (3) permettent de déterminer les mesures AS, AH et les angles β' ou β.It is important that the ray reflected by the mirror passes between point C , namely the center of curvature of the mirror, and point F , namely the focal point of the mirror, so that the reflection is brought back to the central axis AS . Points C and F are limit points, insofar as any ray passing through point C is reflected on itself and any ray passing through point F is reflected parallel to the central axis AS . Advantageously, the center of the bottle 2 is placed so as to coincide with the center of curvature C of the mirror in order, on the one hand, to simplify the calculations for positioning the camera and, on the other hand , to obtain a reflection zone around point A. The user fixes the angles β or β 'and the formulas (1), (2) and (3) make it possible to determine the measurements AS, AH and the angles β' or β.

Il doit être considéré que le point A représente théoriquement le point de rencontre, dans l'espace, des rayons réfléchis par les glaçures horizontales et verticales. En pratique, suivant l'orientation de la glaçure, le point de rencontre des rayons réfléchis se situe dans une zone ou un espace situé autour du point A. La position de la caméra 10 se calcule donc facilement à partir des formules de la réflexion données ci-dessus. Le système peut être séparé en deux systèmes indépendants de contrôle des glaçures verticales et de contrôle des glaçures horizontales.It should be considered that point A theoretically represents the meeting point, in space, of the rays reflected by the horizontal and vertical glazes. In practice, depending on the orientation of the glaze, the meeting point of the reflected rays is located in an area or space located around point A. The position of the camera 10 is therefore easily calculated from the formulas of the reflection given above. The system can be separated into two independent vertical glazing and horizontal glazing control systems.

L'invention n'est pas limitée aux exemples décrits et représentés, car diverses modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir de son cadre.The invention is not limited to the examples described and shown, because various modifications can be made without departing from its scope.

Claims (8)

  1. A method of detecting light-reflecting defects (8) presented by a transparent or translucent hollow object (2), the method consisting in:
    illuminating a zone of the hollow object (2) with at least one incident beam (6, 23, 24);
    establishing relative rotation between the incident beam and the hollow object, about the central axis (4) of the object;
    acquiring the light beams (7, 25, 26) reflected by the object in order to form successive images (i1, i2, ..., in) of the object and a determined rate; and
    performing a comparison operation between at least two successive images so as to distinguish between beams that are reflected in steady manner, corresponding to unwanted reflections, from beams that are variable in nature, corresponding to defects of the object;
       the method being characterized in that it consists in:
    performing the comparison operation by comparative analysis of morphological parameters, of brightness, and of the positions in time and space of bright marks appearing on successive images;
    illuminating the inside wall of the object using an incident beam in order to detect horizontal defects;
    illuminating the outside wall of the object by means of incident beams, in order to detect vertical defects; and
    placing a light-recovery element on the path of reflected light beams in order to acquire and process them.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists in performing the comparative analysis operation on the basis of processing by a neural network enabling the nature of defects to be identified, so as to determine whether or not the object presents a defect.
  3. Apparatus for detecting light-reflecting defects presented by a transparent or translucent hollow object (2), the apparatus comprising:
    at least one lighting system (5, 20, 21) suitable for supplying an incident light beam (6, 23, 24) illuminating a zone of the hollow object;
    a receiver system (10) for receiving light beams reflected by the object; and
    a unit (11) for analyzing and processing light beams received by the receiver system, and comprising:
    image forming means (15) for forming successive images (i1, i2, ..., in) of the object at a determined rate; and
    comparator means (16) for performing a comparison operation between at least two successive images, so as to distinguish between beams reflected in steady manner and corresponding to unwanted reflections, and beams reflected in varying manner, corresponding to defects of the object;
       the apparatus being characterized in that it comprises:
    comparator means (16) performing comparison by comparative analysis of morphological parameters, brightness, and the positions in time and space of bright marks appearing on successive images;
    a first lighting system (5) suitable for providing an incident light beam (6) illuminating the inside wall of the hollow object, in order to detect horizontal defects;
    second and third lighting systems (20 and 21) suitable for providing respective incident light beams (23, 24) illuminating distinct outside walls of the hollow object, in order to detect vertical glazing; and
    an optical element (9) for recovering light beams (7, 25, 26) reflected by the object, to enable them to be acquired by the system (10) and processed by the unit (11).
  4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the optical element (9) is constituted by a mirror presenting a cylindrical reflection surface (18) whose axis of symmetry coincides with the central axis of the object.
  5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the cylindrical mirror (9) is adapted so that the rays reflected by the mirror pass between the center of curvature (C) and the focus (F) of the mirror.
  6. Apparatus according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the first lighting system (5) delivers an incident light beam (6) extending in the diametral plane of the mirror (9) and forming an angle (β) lying in the range 20° to 60° relative to the transverse plane (P) of the object.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the second and third lighting systems (20 and 21) are placed symmetrically about the central axis of symmetry of the mirror (9) and above the plane (P) tangential to the top of the object.
  8. Apparatus according to claims 3 and 5, characterized in that the receiver system (10) for receiving light beams reflected by the object is situated in a zone surrounding the point of convergence (A) of light beams reflected by the mirror (9), which point lies on the central axis of the mirror.
EP95420195A 1994-07-12 1995-07-12 Method and device for image processing for detecting light reflecting faults Expired - Lifetime EP0692710B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR9408875 1994-07-12
FR9408875A FR2722574B1 (en) 1994-07-12 1994-07-12 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR DETECTING, BY PROCESSING IMAGE SEQUENCES, DEFECTS REFLECTING LIGHT AND PRESENTED BY A TRANSPARENT HOLLOW OBJECT

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EP0692710A1 EP0692710A1 (en) 1996-01-17
EP0692710B1 true EP0692710B1 (en) 2002-02-13

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EP (1) EP0692710B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE213327T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69525395T2 (en)
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US3598907A (en) * 1968-05-20 1971-08-10 Emhart Corp Article inspection by successively televised images
US4020949A (en) * 1975-08-18 1977-05-03 Tropicana Products, Inc. Bottle inspection device
ATE59702T1 (en) * 1985-11-15 1991-01-15 Hermann Peter DEVICE FOR DETECTING DEFECTS, ESPECIALLY CRACKS, IN TRANSPARENT BODIES BY OPTICAL WAY.
EP0456910A1 (en) 1990-05-14 1991-11-21 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Inspection of container finish
JPH0736001B2 (en) * 1990-10-31 1995-04-19 東洋ガラス株式会社 Bottle defect inspection method
US5233186A (en) * 1992-06-19 1993-08-03 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Inspection of transparent containers with opposing reflection means
DE59404333D1 (en) * 1993-10-08 1997-11-20 Elpatronic Ag Process for separating reusable bottles from reusable circulation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US9898813B2 (en) 2014-02-26 2018-02-20 Heye International Gmbh Method for detecting flaws in the walls of hollow glass items
DE102014002582B4 (en) 2014-02-26 2018-10-11 Heye International Gmbh Method for detecting cracks in the walls of hollow glass articles

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ES2172566T3 (en) 2002-10-01
DE69525395D1 (en) 2002-03-21
FR2722574A1 (en) 1996-01-19
DE69525395T2 (en) 2002-09-19
ATE213327T1 (en) 2002-02-15
FR2722574B1 (en) 1996-10-04
EP0692710A1 (en) 1996-01-17

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