EP0690222B1 - Injection device to inject fuel in a reciprocating internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Injection device to inject fuel in a reciprocating internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0690222B1
EP0690222B1 EP94810381A EP94810381A EP0690222B1 EP 0690222 B1 EP0690222 B1 EP 0690222B1 EP 94810381 A EP94810381 A EP 94810381A EP 94810381 A EP94810381 A EP 94810381A EP 0690222 B1 EP0690222 B1 EP 0690222B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
piston
injection
injection device
accordance
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94810381A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0690222A1 (en
Inventor
Robert Hofer
Paul Weber
Erwin Matter
Klaus Heim
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Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
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Wartsila NSD Schweiz AG
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Priority to EP94810381A priority Critical patent/EP0690222B1/en
Priority to DK94810381T priority patent/DK0690222T3/en
Priority to DE59408588T priority patent/DE59408588D1/en
Priority to JP10577595A priority patent/JP3597910B2/en
Priority to KR1019950012979A priority patent/KR100364070B1/en
Priority to CN95106181A priority patent/CN1057818C/en
Priority to FI953161A priority patent/FI106973B/en
Publication of EP0690222A1 publication Critical patent/EP0690222A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0690222B1 publication Critical patent/EP0690222B1/en
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/32Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing fuel delivery being controlled by means of fuel-displaced auxiliary pistons, which effect injection
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02DCONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D45/00Electrical control not provided for in groups F02D41/00 - F02D43/00
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/20Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
    • F02M59/205Quantity of fuel admitted to pumping elements being metered by an auxiliary metering device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection device for fuel injection one Reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the generic term of Claim 1.
  • injectors for example in diesel engines the fuel under high pressure injected into the cylinder.
  • the injection process has a very specific cycle, i.e. at the right time and with the right amount respectively.
  • Conventional fuel injection systems with Cam controls are mechanically complex and also for example, only flexible with regard to the Optimizing fuel consumption and emissions.
  • Similar injection systems as the one after The preamble of the invention are known for Cars and trucks. All of these systems are not suitable for operation with heavy oil, have only a purely timed Fuel quantity metering and the High-pressure fuel storage is not against leakage protected.
  • French Patent No. 1 206 849 describes a self-regulating piston pump for a fuel injection for internal combustion engines.
  • the piston pump has one rotating control piston, which is driven by the engine.
  • the injection quantity the piston pump per piston stroke can be changed with a throttle device.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an injection device with which the Injection process is improved.
  • Such is according to the invention Injector through the features in the hallmark of the independent Claim 1 marked.
  • the dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
  • the injection controlled the fuel with a control piston and a metering piston and supervised.
  • the control piston is advantageously hydraulic in one direction electric hydraulic valve actuated and switched. If a for redundancy reasons mechanical drive of the control piston is desired, this is also possible.
  • a corresponding arrangement can also be provided in the other direction or the actuation in the other direction can be with the under pressure standing fuel, with a separate control hydraulics with control oil or with a spring.
  • the control piston controls both the inlet of the fuel to the metering piston and also the outlet of the fuel from the metering piston chamber to the injection nozzle of the Cylinder of the engine.
  • the controls e.g. the grooves and / or holes are arranged so that both, both the Inflow of the fuel to the metering piston as well as the outflow of the fuel to the Injector valve of the cylinder is open.
  • the control piston To start the injection, the control piston must be lifted off its seat, so that a direct connection from the high-pressure fuel reservoir to the injection nozzle arises.
  • the metering piston In the metering piston is located on this connection path, which during the fuel injection process is dragged along. His way, multiplied by his Cross-sectional area, represents exactly the injected Volume of fuel.
  • inductive displacement sensor included in the electrical Control processed and used as an injection end signal Pilot valve sent. This in turn directs the Return movement of the control piston, so that its seat seals the connection from the high pressure fuel storage to Injection valve interrupted and with it the injection is ended.
  • the dosing piston becomes a volumetric one Injection realized.
  • Injection volume can be kept constant, which at a pure time-controlled injection would not be possible.
  • the Injection device according to the invention the ignition pressure the permissible value is regulated so that the cheapest fuel consumption is achieved.
  • the dosing piston fulfills another task. in the In the event of control failure or blocking of the control piston, it limits the injection volume to maximum volume provided during operation. In one Trap can be measured from the electrical control are found to be too large injection has occurred. The next and further Injections can thus be suppressed and displayed.
  • the Injection line build up the pressure because of the spool not absolutely against the fuel under high pressure from to seals to 2000 bar and more. To prevent this from happening relieves the line with a relief control valve become. This prevents uncontrolled injection.
  • a lead value must be added to the signal of the metering piston displacement meter, so that the fuel supply with the control piston is closed in time can, what enables a clean regulation and prevents that from the Speed controller demanded injection volume is exceeded.
  • this lead value is a stored, approximate value. After the start this will be The value is constantly adapted to the current conditions by means of an adaptive control.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show schematically and partially in one Cut the injector 1, which of the High pressure pump 8 and the accumulator 81 with fuel is loaded.
  • the input channel 2 for the fuel branches into channel 21 to the rear of the as Differential piston formed metering piston 3 and in the Main channel 22, with the fuel via the groove 41 of the Control piston 4 to the input channel section 23 in the Dosing piston chamber 30 is guided.
  • the Control valve 61 of the control hydraulics 6, which is an inlet and has a return, with control oil that is under pressure stands the end face 43 of the control piston 4 is after moved down.
  • the pilot valve receives its Control commands from the control electronics 7, which are therefor ensures that the fuel injection process is correct Timed and done with the right amount.
  • the pilot valve 61 is closed and the return opened for the control oil, the control piston 4 through those acting on the end face 44 of the control piston 4 Fuel pressure and spring force pushed up.
  • the Fuel supply to channel 25 is interrupted and thus brought about the injection end.
  • Fig. 2 shows a control piston 4 'with only two Sealing points 46 ', where only very small amounts of leakage occur. In this embodiment, three are constantly sealing Sealing points against those under high pressure Fuel off.
  • This version has a higher one Hydraulic efficiency as a variant 1. The Injector is also thanks to the smaller Leakage currents less heated.
  • control piston 4 In order to maintain a long service life of the control piston 4, it is hardened on its surface. Anything can a suitable hardening process can be used.
  • the control piston and associated bushing can be designed in this way be that when they're worn out they're light can be exchanged. So this sleeve can be used as a cone be inserted into the housing, what the exchange of this Bush, together with the control piston, as a whole Control unit enables and makes easy.
  • control pistons can also be used for a metering piston the associated pilot valves and injectors to be ordered.
  • the individual Injection nozzles of a cylinder individually in time can be controlled.
  • the encoder 72 for the control electronics works with advantage inductive. But there are also other measuring systems that work capacitively, optically, magnetically or in any other way suitable to monitor the position of the dosing piston and to eat.
  • the influence of dead time, i.e. of the Delay of the system on the functional accuracy of the Minimizing the injector can be an adaptive Injection volume control with adaptive components be provided.
  • Monitoring and control of the current situation and Actual speed of the dosing piston can at any time with its target position and target speed compared become.
  • Deviation i.e. Difference between target and The electronics can deduce the actual value from whether too much, too little fuel or the fuel too fast or too is slowly injected.
  • the size of these deviations can, for example, when reaching a predetermined Limit value can be used to trigger an alarm, the injection of an affected cylinder too suppress and reduce the power of the engine.
  • control piston is in the Closing direction with the high pressure Fuel, in one case with an additional spring driven.
  • a separate hydraulic drive also in the closing direction and not just in the opening direction.
  • the control piston in the Examples are described and shown as one piece. However, it is easily possible to remove the control piston several pieces, possibly even different ones Materials or differently treated materials manufacture. The individual pieces can then be fixed together be connected or only due to the pressure and Force ratios on the control piston are constantly adjacent. It is also conceivable to use a control piston mechanical camshaft and hydraulic rod too actuate. However, this only as redundancy in the event where the hydraulic drive is faulty or fails.
  • Injectors in diesel engines work with one Fuel pressure in the range from 400 bar to over 2000 bar and the pressure in the hydraulic control circuit can for example with a pressure in the range of 100 to 400 work in cash.
  • the injector as shown can be both for the injection of diesel oil as well as for heavy oil be used. This allows using the cold engine To start diesel oil and as soon as necessary for heavy oil higher operating temperature is reached on heavy fuel oil switch.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Einspritzvorrichtung für die Brennstoffeinspritzung einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Mit derartigen Einspritzvorrichtungen wird beispielsweise bei Dieselmotoren der Brennkraftstoff unter hohem Druck in die Zylinder eingespritzt.The invention relates to an injection device for fuel injection one Reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the generic term of Claim 1. With such injectors for example in diesel engines the fuel under high pressure injected into the cylinder.

Der Einspritzvorgang hat in einem ganz bestimmten Takt, d.h. im richtigen Zeitpunkt und mit der richtigen Menge zu erfolgen. Herkömmliche Brennstoffeinspritzsysteme mit Nockensteuerung sind mechanisch aufwendig und zudem beispielsweise nur bedingt flexibel bezüglich der Optimierung von Brennstoffverbrauch und Emissionen. Ähnliche Einspritzsysteme, wie dasjenige nach dem Oberbegriff der Erfindung, sind zwar bekannt für Personenkraftwagen und Lastkraftwagen. Alle diese Systeme eignen sich jedoch nicht für den Betrieb mit Schweröl, haben nur eine rein zeitgesteuerte Brennstoffmengenzumessung und der Hochdruckbrennstoffspeicher ist nicht gegen Auslaufen geschützt. The injection process has a very specific cycle, i.e. at the right time and with the right amount respectively. Conventional fuel injection systems with Cam controls are mechanically complex and also for example, only flexible with regard to the Optimizing fuel consumption and emissions. Similar injection systems as the one after The preamble of the invention are known for Cars and trucks. All of these systems are not suitable for operation with heavy oil, have only a purely timed Fuel quantity metering and the High-pressure fuel storage is not against leakage protected.

Die französische Patentschrift Nr. 1 206 849 beschreibt eine selbstregulierende Kolbenpumpe für eine Brennstoffeinspritzung für Brennkraftmaschinen. Die Kolbenpumpe weist einen rotierenden Steuerkolben auf, der vom Motor angetrieben wird. Die Einspritzmenge der Kolbenpumpe je Kolbenhub kann mit einer Drosseleinrichtung verändert werden.French Patent No. 1 206 849 describes a self-regulating piston pump for a fuel injection for internal combustion engines. The piston pump has one rotating control piston, which is driven by the engine. The injection quantity the piston pump per piston stroke can be changed with a throttle device.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Einspritzvorrichtung zu schaffen, mit welcher der Einspritzvorgang verbessert wird. Erfindungsgemäss ist eine derartige Einspritzvorrichtung durch die Merkmale im Kennzeichen des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gekennzeichnet. Die abhängigen Ansprüche beziehen sich auf vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The object of the invention is to provide an injection device with which the Injection process is improved. Such is according to the invention Injector through the features in the hallmark of the independent Claim 1 marked. The dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.

Bei der verbesserten Einspritzvorrichtung nach der Erfindung wird das Einspritzen des Brennstoffes mit einem Steuerkolben und einem Dosierkolben gesteuert und überwacht.In the improved injector according to the invention, the injection controlled the fuel with a control piston and a metering piston and supervised.

Der Steuerkolben wird in der einen Richtung mit Vorteil hydraulisch über ein elektrisches Hydraulikventil betätigt und geschaltet. Falls aus Redundanzgründen ein mechanischer Antrieb der Steuerkolben erwünscht ist, ist dies ebenfalls möglich.The control piston is advantageously hydraulic in one direction electric hydraulic valve actuated and switched. If a for redundancy reasons mechanical drive of the control piston is desired, this is also possible.

In der anderen Richtung kann ebenfalls eine entsprechende Anordnung vorgesehen sein, oder die Betätigung in der anderen Richtung kann mit dem unter Druck stehenden Brennstoff, mit einer separaten Steuerhydraulik mit Steueröl oder mit einer Feder erfolgen.A corresponding arrangement can also be provided in the other direction or the actuation in the other direction can be with the under pressure standing fuel, with a separate control hydraulics with control oil or with a spring.

Der Steuerkolben steuert sowohl den Einlass des Brennstoffs zum Dosierkolben als auch den Auslass des Brennstoffs aus dem Dosierkolbenraum zur Einspritzdüse des Zylinders des Motors. Die Steuerelemente, also z.B. die Nuten und/oder Bohrungen sind so angeordnet, dass in keiner Stellung des Steuerkolbens beide, sowohl der Zufluss des Brennstoffs zum Dosierkolben als auch der Abfluss des Brennstoffs zum Einspritzventil des Zylinders, geöffnet ist.The control piston controls both the inlet of the fuel to the metering piston and also the outlet of the fuel from the metering piston chamber to the injection nozzle of the Cylinder of the engine. The controls, e.g. the grooves and / or holes are arranged so that both, both the Inflow of the fuel to the metering piston as well as the outflow of the fuel to the Injector valve of the cylinder is open.

Für den Einspritzbeginn muss der Steuerkolben von seinem Sitz abgehoben werden, sodass eine direkte Verbindung vom Brennstoffhochdruckspeicher zur Einspritzdüse entsteht. In diesem Verbindungsweg befindet sich der Dosierkolben, welcher während des Einspritzvorganges vom Brennstoff mitgeschleppt wird. Sein Weg, multipliziert mit seiner Querschnittsfläche, stellt genau das eingespritzte Brennstoffvolumen dar. Dieser Weg wird mit einem z.B. induktiven Wegfühler aufgenommen, in der elektrischen Steuerung verarbeitet und als Einspritzendsignal zum Vorsteuerventil gesandt. Dieses wiederum leitet die Rücklaufbewegung des Steuerkolbens ein, sodass dessen Sitz dichtet, die Verbindung vom Brennstoffhochdruckspeicher zum Einspritzventil unterbrochen und damit die Einspritzung beendet wird.To start the injection, the control piston must be lifted off its seat, so that a direct connection from the high-pressure fuel reservoir to the injection nozzle arises. In the metering piston is located on this connection path, which during the fuel injection process is dragged along. His way, multiplied by his Cross-sectional area, represents exactly the injected Volume of fuel. inductive displacement sensor included in the electrical Control processed and used as an injection end signal Pilot valve sent. This in turn directs the Return movement of the control piston, so that its seat seals the connection from the high pressure fuel storage to Injection valve interrupted and with it the injection is ended.

Mit dem Dosierkolben wird also eine volumetrische Einspritzung realisiert. Zum Beispiel kann trotz teilverstopften oder ausgewaschenen Einspritzdüsen das Einspritzvolumen konstant gehalten werden, was bei einer reinen zeitgesteuerten Einspritzung nicht möglich wäre. Zusammen mit einer Zünddruckmessvorrichtung kann mit der erfindungsgemässen Einspritzvorrichtung der Zünddruck auf den zulässigen Wert so geregelt werden, dass immer der günstigste Brennstoffverbrauch erreicht wird.So the dosing piston becomes a volumetric one Injection realized. For example, despite partially blocked or washed out injection nozzles Injection volume can be kept constant, which at a pure time-controlled injection would not be possible. Together with an ignition pressure measuring device, the Injection device according to the invention, the ignition pressure the permissible value is regulated so that the cheapest fuel consumption is achieved.

Der Dosierkolben erfüllt noch eine weitere Aufgabe. Im Falle eines Versagens der Steuerung bzw. des Blockierens des Steuerkolbens begrenzt er das Einspritzvolumen auf das im Betrieb maximal vorgesehene Volumen. In einem solchen Falle kann via Wegmessung am Dosierkolben von der elektrischen Steuerung festgestellt werden, dass eine zu grosse Einspritzung erfolgt ist. Die nächste und weitere Einspritzungen können so unterdrückt und angezeigt werden.The dosing piston fulfills another task. in the In the event of control failure or blocking of the control piston, it limits the injection volume to maximum volume provided during operation. In one Trap can be measured from the electrical control are found to be too large injection has occurred. The next and further Injections can thus be suppressed and displayed.

Wenn ein solcher Schaden auftritt, kann sich in der Einspritzleitung der Druck aufbauen, weil der Steuerkolben nicht absolut gegen den Brennstoff unter Hochdruck von bis zu 2000 bar und mehr dichtet. Um dies zu verhindern, kann mit einem Entlastungssteuerventil die Leitung entlastet werden. So wird ein unkontrolliertes Einspritzen vermieden. Im weiteren können mit dem Dosierkolbenwegfühler indirekt z.B. auch gebrochene Einspritzdüsenköpfe festgestellt werden, weil in einem solche Falle die Dosierkolbengeschwindigkeit beim Einspritzvorgang grösser als gewöhnlich wird. Mit diesem Signal kann die Steuerelektronik veranlasst werden, die Brennstoffeinspritzung in einen Zylinder mit schadhafter Einspritzdüse zu unterdrücken und gegebenenfalls die gesamte Motorlast zu reduzieren und/oder den Fehler mit einer Anzeigevorrichtung anzuzeigen.If such damage occurs, the Injection line build up the pressure because of the spool not absolutely against the fuel under high pressure from to seals to 2000 bar and more. To prevent this from happening relieves the line with a relief control valve become. This prevents uncontrolled injection. You can also use the metering piston displacement sensor indirectly e.g. also broken injector heads be determined because in such a case the metering piston speed at Injection process is larger than usual. With this signal the Control electronics are caused to have fuel injection into a cylinder to suppress defective injection nozzle and, if necessary, the entire Reduce engine load and / or fault with an indicator display.

Zum Signal des Dosierkolbenwegmessers muss ein Vorhaltewert addiert werden, damit die Brennstoffzufuhr mit dem Steuerkolben rechtzeitig geschlossen werden kann, was eine saubere Regelung ermöglicht und verhindert, dass das vom Drehzahlregler verlangte Einspritzvolumen überschritten wird. Beim Motorstart ist dieser Vorhaltewert ein gespeicherter, ungefährer Wert. Nach dem Start wird dieser Wert durch eine adaptive Regelung ständig den aktuellen Verhältnissen angepasst.A lead value must be added to the signal of the metering piston displacement meter, so that the fuel supply with the control piston is closed in time can, what enables a clean regulation and prevents that from the Speed controller demanded injection volume is exceeded. When the engine starts this lead value is a stored, approximate value. After the start this will be The value is constantly adapted to the current conditions by means of an adaptive control.

Es ist leicht möglich, eine Einspritzvorrichtung mit einem einzigen Dosierkolben für mehrere Steuerkolben zu machen, bei der die Zufuhr des Brennstoffs zum Dosierkolbenraum in Serie über alle Steuerkolben geführt werden soll. Bei einer derartigen Anordnung kann nur Brennstoff in den Dosierkolbenraum fliessen, wenn sämtliche Brennstoffkanäle zu den Einspritzdüsen gesperrt sind. Andererseits kann die Einspritzung nur erfolgen, wenn der jeweilige Steuerkolben geöffnet ist.It is easily possible to use an injection device with a single metering piston to make several control pistons, in which the supply of fuel to the The metering piston chamber is to be guided in series over all control pistons. At a Such an arrangement can only flow fuel into the metering piston chamber if all fuel channels to the injectors are blocked. On the other hand, can the injection takes place only when the respective control piston is open.

Mit der neuen Einspritzvorrichtung wird eine ausserordentlich auslaufsichere, volumetrisch exakt arbeitende Einspritzvorrichtung geschaffen. With the new injection device, an extremely leak-proof, volumetrically precise injection device created.

Die Einspritzvorrichtung arbeitet mit einem vom unter Druck stehenden Brennstoff angetriebenen Dosierkolben, der als Differenzkolben ausgebildet ist. Die Rückseite des Dosierkolbens ist mit dem unter Hochdruck von bis zu 2000 bar und mehr stehenden Treibstoff verbunden und beaufschlagt. Ein Steuerkolben wird mit z.B. einem hydraulischen Antrieb, der elektrisch geregelt sein kann, zwischen zwei Endlagen hin und her bewegt. Der Steuerkolben weist Leitelemente für den Treibstoff auf, über welche der Brennstoff von der Brennstoffpumpe dem Dosierraum zugeführt wird, bzw. vom Dosierraum dem Zylinder einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine zu geführt wird. Die Steuerelemente, d.h. Nuten und Bohrungen sind mit Vorteil so angeordnet, dass nie, d.h. in keiner Stellung gleichzeitig eine Verbindung sowohl zur Hochdruck-Brennstoffpumpe als auch zur Einspritzdüse des Zylinders besteht.The injector works with one of the pressurized standing fuel driven metering piston, which as Differential piston is formed. The back of the Dosing piston is under high pressure of up to 2000 connected bar and more standing fuel and acted upon. A control piston is e.g. one hydraulic drive, which can be electrically controlled, moved back and forth between two end positions. The control piston has guiding elements for the fuel, via which the Fuel is fed from the fuel pump to the dosing room is, or from the dosing chamber to the cylinder Reciprocating internal combustion engine is guided. The Controls, i.e. Grooves and holes are an advantage arranged so that never, i.e. in no position at the same time a connection to both the high pressure fuel pump as well as the injector of the cylinder consists.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung, d.h. der Einspritzvorrichtung und deren Funktion werden nachstehend anhand der schematischen Figuren beschrieben und erklärt.Embodiments of the invention, i.e. of the Injector and its function are shown below described and explained using the schematic figures.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine erste Einspritzvorrichtung schematisch und teilweise geschnitten;
Fig. 2
eine zweite Einspritzvorrichtung schematisch und teilweise geschnitten, die sich von derjenigen von Fig. 1 durch die andere Ausführungsform des Steuerkolbens unterscheidet.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a first injector schematically and partially cut;
Fig. 2
a second injector schematically and partially cut, which differs from that of FIG. 1 by the other embodiment of the control piston.

Die Fig. 1 und 2 zeigen schematisch und teilweise in einem Schnitt die Einspritzvorrichtung 1, welche von der Hochdruckpumpe 8 und dem Akkumulator 81 mit Brennstoff beschickt wird. Der Eingangskanal 2 für den Brennstoff verzweigt sich in den Kanal 21 zur Rückseite des als Differenzkolben ausgebildeten Dosierkolbens 3 und in den Hauptkanal 22, mit dem Brennstoff über die Nute 41 des Steuerkolbens 4 zum Eingangskanalabschnitt 23 in den Dosierkolbenraum 30 geführt wird. Bei Betätigung des Steuerventils 61 der Steuerhydraulik 6, das einen Zulauf und einen Rücklauf aufweist, mit Steueröl, das unter Druck steht, wird die Stirnseite 43 des Steuerkolbens 4 nach unten bewegt. Das Vorsteuerventil erhält seine Steuerbefehle von der Regelelektronik 7, welche dafür sorgt, dass der Brennstoffeinspritzvorgang im richtigen Zeitpunkt und mit der richtigen Menge erfolgt. So werden beispielsweise Signale von einem Winkelgeber 71 an der Kurbelwelle des Motors an die Regelelektronik gegeben. Der Geber 72, der beispielsweise induktiv arbeitet, gibt an die Regelelektronik 7 Signale über die Position des Dosierkolbens 3 ab. Damit wird es möglich, die Einspritzmenge des Brennstoffs pro Einspritzvorgang zu bestimmen und zu verändern.1 and 2 show schematically and partially in one Cut the injector 1, which of the High pressure pump 8 and the accumulator 81 with fuel is loaded. The input channel 2 for the fuel branches into channel 21 to the rear of the as Differential piston formed metering piston 3 and in the Main channel 22, with the fuel via the groove 41 of the Control piston 4 to the input channel section 23 in the Dosing piston chamber 30 is guided. When pressing the Control valve 61 of the control hydraulics 6, which is an inlet and has a return, with control oil that is under pressure stands, the end face 43 of the control piston 4 is after moved down. The pilot valve receives its Control commands from the control electronics 7, which are therefor ensures that the fuel injection process is correct Timed and done with the right amount. So be for example signals from an angle encoder 71 on the Crankshaft of the engine given to the control electronics. Of the Encoder 72, which works, for example, inductively, indicates Control electronics 7 signals on the position of the Dosing piston 3 from. This will make it possible Injection quantity of fuel per injection process determine and change.

Während sich der Steuerkolben nach unten bewegt, wird zunächst die Verbindung zwischen dem Hauptkanal 22 und dem Eingangskanalabschnitt 23 unterbrochen. Danach wird über die Nute 42 im Steuerkolben 4 der Ausgangskanal 24 mit dem Einspritzkanal 25, der zur Einspritzdüse 51 des Zylinders 53 des Dieselmotors führt, verbunden. Der Dosierkolben 3 wird durch den vom Brennstoff über den Kanal 21 auf die Rückseite 31 des Dosierkolbens ausgeübten Druck bewegt. Der Brennstoff wird in den Zylinderraum 52 des Motors 5 eingespritzt.As the spool moves down, first the connection between the main channel 22 and the Input channel section 23 interrupted. After that, over the groove 42 in the control piston 4 of the output channel 24 with the Injection channel 25, which leads to the injector 51 of the cylinder 53 of the diesel engine leads, connected. The dosing piston 3 is by the fuel on the channel 21 on the Back 31 of the metering piston applied pressure moved. Of the Fuel is injected into the cylinder space 52 of the engine 5 injected.

Wird das Vorsteuerventil 61 geschlossen und der Rücklauf für das Steueröl geöffnet, so wird der Steuerkolben 4 durch den auf die Stirnfläche 44 des Steuerkolbens 4 wirkenden Brennstoffdruck und die Federkraft nach oben gedrückt. Die Brennstoffzufuhr zum Kanal 25 wird unterbrochen und somit das Einspritzende herbeigeführt. The pilot valve 61 is closed and the return opened for the control oil, the control piston 4 through those acting on the end face 44 of the control piston 4 Fuel pressure and spring force pushed up. The Fuel supply to channel 25 is interrupted and thus brought about the injection end.

Am Steuerkolben nach Fig. 1 dichten beispielsweise fünf Dichtstellen dauernd gegen den sich unter Hochdruck befindlichen Brennstoff. Die wichtigste Dichtstelle, nämlich diejenige mit der Verbindung zur Einspritzdüse, ist als Sitzventil 45 ausgebildet, damit zwischen den einzelnen Einspritzvorgängen die Leitung 25 zur Einspritzdüse nicht unter Druck gesetzt wird. Der Ventilsitz 45 ist im geschlossenen Zustand ganz dicht. Damit kann unkontrolliertes Einspritzen verhindert werden. Bei den anderen Dichtungen 46 wird die enge Passung des Steuerkolbens 4 ausgenützt und ein kleiner Leckstrom des Brennstoffs in Kauf genommen und über die Rückführkanäle 27 wieder in den Treibstofftank rückgeführt.For example, five seal on the control piston according to FIG. 1 Sealing points constantly against themselves under high pressure located fuel. The most important sealing point namely the one with the connection to the injection nozzle formed as a seat valve 45, so that between the individual Injections do not line 25 to the injector is put under pressure. The valve seat 45 is in the closed state very tight. So that can uncontrolled injection can be prevented. Both other seals 46 will the tight fit of the Control piston 4 exploited and a small leakage current Accepted fuel and via the return channels 27th returned to the fuel tank.

Fig. 2 zeigt einen Steuerkolben 4' mit nur zwei Dichtstellen 46', wo nur sehr kleine Leckmengen entstehen. Bei dieser Ausführungsform dichten ständig drei Dichtstellen gegen den sich unter Hochdruck befindlichen Brennstoff ab. Diese Ausführung hat einen höheren hydraulischen Wirkungsgrad als Variante 1. Die Einspritzvorrichtung wird zudem dank der geringeren Leckströme weniger erwärmt.Fig. 2 shows a control piston 4 'with only two Sealing points 46 ', where only very small amounts of leakage occur. In this embodiment, three are constantly sealing Sealing points against those under high pressure Fuel off. This version has a higher one Hydraulic efficiency as a variant 1. The Injector is also thanks to the smaller Leakage currents less heated.

Im Falle eines Blockierens des Steuerkolbens in einer beliebigen Stellung besteht zwischen Kanal 22 und 25 eine relativ schlechte Abdichtung. Um einen ungewollten Druckanstieg und nachfolgend ungewollte Einspritzungen zu vermeiden, wird durch Öffnen des Entlastungsventils 80 der Druck im Kanal 25 abgesenkt.In the event of a locking of the control piston in one Any position exists between channels 22 and 25 relatively poor sealing. An unwanted one Pressure rise and subsequent unwanted injections avoid, is opened by opening the relief valve 80 Pressure in channel 25 reduced.

Um eine lange Lebensdauer des Steuerkolbens 4 zu erhalten, wird dieser an seiner Oberfläche gehärtet. Dazu kann irgend ein geeignetes Härteverfahren verwendet werden. Steuerkolben und zugehörige Büchse können so ausgebildet sein, dass sie, wenn sie abgenützt sind, leicht ausgetauscht werden können. So kann diese Büchse als Konus in das Gehäuse eingesetzt sein, was den Austausch dieser Büchse, gemeinsam mit dem Steuerkolben, als ganze Steuereinheit ermöglicht und einfach macht.In order to maintain a long service life of the control piston 4, it is hardened on its surface. Anything can a suitable hardening process can be used. The control piston and associated bushing can be designed in this way be that when they're worn out they're light can be exchanged. So this sleeve can be used as a cone be inserted into the housing, what the exchange of this Bush, together with the control piston, as a whole Control unit enables and makes easy.

Mit einem Steuerkolben kann man gleichzeitig mehrere Einspritzdüsen eines Zylinders einer Hubkolbenbrennkraftmaschine ansteuern. Insbesondere beim Verwenden eines schnellen Vorsteuerventils 61 kann die Steuerung des Einspritzvorganges den Anforderungen des Motors bei Voll- und Teillast bestmöglich angepasst werden.With one control piston, you can have several at the same time One cylinder one injectors Activate the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine. Especially when Using a fast pilot valve 61 can Control of the injection process the requirements of Motors can be adjusted as best as possible at full and partial load.

Zu einem Dosierkolben können auch mehrere Steuerkolben mit den zugehörigen Vorsteuerventilen und Einspritzventilen angeordnet werden. In diesem Fall können die einzelnen Einspritzdüsen eines Zylinders zeitlich individuell angesteuert werden.Several control pistons can also be used for a metering piston the associated pilot valves and injectors to be ordered. In this case, the individual Injection nozzles of a cylinder individually in time can be controlled.

Der Geber 72 für die Regelelektronik arbeitet mit Vorteil induktiv. Es sind aber auch andere Messysteme, die kapazitiv, optisch, magnetisch oder sonstwie arbeiten geeignet, um die Lage des Dosierkolbens zu überwachen und zu messen. Um den Einfluss der Totzeit, d.h. der Verzögerung des Systems auf die Funktionsgenauigkeit der Einspritzvorrichtung zu minimieren, kann eine eine adaptive Einspritzvolumen-Regelung mit adaptiver Komponente vorgesehen werden.The encoder 72 for the control electronics works with advantage inductive. But there are also other measuring systems that work capacitively, optically, magnetically or in any other way suitable to monitor the position of the dosing piston and to eat. The influence of dead time, i.e. of the Delay of the system on the functional accuracy of the Minimizing the injector can be an adaptive Injection volume control with adaptive components be provided.

Die Überwachung und Kontrolle der Istlage und Istgeschwindigkeit des Dosierkolbens kann jederzeit mit seiner Soll-Lage und Soll-Geschwindigkeit verglichen werden.Monitoring and control of the current situation and Actual speed of the dosing piston can at any time with its target position and target speed compared become.

Je nach Abweichung, d.h. Differenz zwischen Soll- und Istwert kann die Elektronik daraus ableiten ob zuviel, zuwenig Brennstoff oder der Brennstoff zu schnell oder zu langsam eingespritzt wird. Die Grösse dieser Abweichungen kann beispielsweise beim Erreichen eines vorgegebenen Grenzwertes dazu verwendet werden, einen Alarm auzulösen, die Einspritzung eines betroffenen Zylinders zu unterdrücken und die Leistung des Motors zu reduzieren.Depending on the deviation, i.e. Difference between target and The electronics can deduce the actual value from whether too much, too little fuel or the fuel too fast or too is slowly injected. The size of these deviations can, for example, when reaching a predetermined Limit value can be used to trigger an alarm, the injection of an affected cylinder too suppress and reduce the power of the engine.

In den gezeigten Beispielen wird der Steuerkolben in der Schliessrichtung mit dem unter Hochdruck stehenden Brennstoff, im einen Fall zusätzlich mit eine Feder angetrieben. Für den Antrieb des Steuerkolbens können sich aber auch andere Antriebsarten eignen z.B. ein separater hydraulischer Antrieb auch in der Schliessrichtung und nicht nur in der Öffnungrichtung. Der Steuerkolben in den Beispielen ist als einstückig beschrieben und dargestellt. Es ist aber ohne weiteres möglich, den Steuerkolben aus mehreren Stücken, möglicherweise aus sogar verschiedenen Werkstoffen oder verschieden behandelten Werkstoffen zu fertigen. Die einzelnen Stücke können dann fest miteinander verbunden sein oder lediglich auf Grund der Druck- und Kraftverhältnisse am Steuerkolben ständig aneinanderliegen. Es ist auch denkbar, den Steuerkolben mit einer mechanischen Nockenwelle und hydraulischer Stange zu betätigen. Dies allerdings nur als Rednundanz für den Fall, wo der hydraulische Antrieb gestört ist oder ausfällt.In the examples shown, the control piston is in the Closing direction with the high pressure Fuel, in one case with an additional spring driven. For the drive of the control piston but other types of drives are also suitable, e.g. a separate hydraulic drive also in the closing direction and not just in the opening direction. The control piston in the Examples are described and shown as one piece. However, it is easily possible to remove the control piston several pieces, possibly even different ones Materials or differently treated materials manufacture. The individual pieces can then be fixed together be connected or only due to the pressure and Force ratios on the control piston are constantly adjacent. It is also conceivable to use a control piston mechanical camshaft and hydraulic rod too actuate. However, this only as redundancy in the event where the hydraulic drive is faulty or fails.

Einspritzvorrichtungen bei Dieselmotoren arbeiten mit einem Brennstoffdruck im Bereich von 400 bar bis über 2000 bar und der Druck im hydraulischen Steuerkreis kann beispielsweise mit einem Druck im Bereich von 100 bis 400 bar arbeiten.Injectors in diesel engines work with one Fuel pressure in the range from 400 bar to over 2000 bar and the pressure in the hydraulic control circuit can for example with a pressure in the range of 100 to 400 work in cash.

Die Einspritzvorrichtung, wie sie gezeigt ist, kann sowohl für das Einspritzen von Dieselöl als auch für Schweröl verwendet werden. Dies erlaubt es, den kalten Motor mit Dieselöl anzufahren und sobald eine für Schweröl notwendige höhere Betriebs-Temperatur erreicht ist, auf Schweröl umzuschalten.The injector as shown can be both for the injection of diesel oil as well as for heavy oil be used. This allows using the cold engine To start diesel oil and as soon as necessary for heavy oil higher operating temperature is reached on heavy fuel oil switch.

Claims (13)

  1. Injection device (1) for the fuel injection of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (5), with a metering piston (3) and a control piston (4) with guide elements (41, 42) for the control of the metering piston (3) and
    with a first supply (2, 22, 23, 41) for the fuel which is under pressure to the metering piston (3) into the metering piston space (30) and
    with a second supply (24, 45, 42, 25) for guiding the fuel from the metering piston space (30) to the injection nozzle of a cylinder (53
       characterised in that
    the metering piston (3) is formed as a differential piston whose rear side (30) is constantly connected to the fuel supply (8, 81) via channels (2, 21),
    the control piston (4) has guide elements (41, 42) for the fuel and can assume two end positions in its bore, wherein,
    in the first end position, the first supply path (2, 22, 23, 41) for the fuel into the metering piston space (30) to the front side of the metering piston (3) is open for the fuel and at the same time the second fuel channel from the front side of the metering piston space (30) to the injection nozzle (51) of the cylinder (52, 53) of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (5) is closed,
    and, in the second end position, the first supply path (2, 22, 23, 41) is closed and the second supply path (24, 45, 42, 25) is open.
  2. Injection device (1) in accordance with claim 1, in which the guide elements (41, 42) at the control piston and the first fuel channels (2, 22, 23; 24, 25) to be actuated are arranged such that in no position the first supply path (2, 22, 23) to the metering piston space (30) and the second supply path (24, 25) from the metering piston space (30) are simultaneously open.
  3. Injection device (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 or 2, with an electric-hydraulic control (7; 6, 61) for the control piston (4).
  4. Injection device (1) in accordance with claim 3, with a device (32, 72) for the monitoring of the instantaneous position of the metering piston (3) and for the comparison of the actual position and/or the actual velocity of the metering piston (3) with a preset nominal position and/or nominal velocity.
  5. Injection device (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 4, which has one or a plurality of high-pressure pumps (8) and one or a plurality of pressure accumulators (81) for pressurizing in the fuel and for feeding the fuel.
  6. Multiple injection device with a plurality of injection devices (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 5, for the injection of fuel into a plurality of cylinders (52, 53) of an internal combustion engine (5).
  7. Multiple injection device in accordance with claim 6, with a number of control pistons (4) which is larger than the number of metering pistons (3).
  8. Multiple injection device in accordance with claim 7, with a single metering piston (3) for the plurality of injection nozzles (51) of a single cylinder (52, 53).
  9. Multiple injection device in accordance with one of the claims 7 or 8, which guides the fuel supply in sequence to the plurality of injection nozzles (51) of a cylinder (52) in series via guide elements (41, 42) of a plurality of or of all control pistons (4).
  10. Injection device in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 9, for the injection of diesel oil or heavy oil into the cylinder (52) of a reciprocating piston internal combustion machine (5).
  11. Injection device in accordance with one of the claims 4 to 10, with an adaptive injection regulation system (7; 32, 72; 6, 61) for the injection velocity and/or the injection amount based on the comparison between corresponding actual values and set nominal values.
  12. Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (5) with an injection device (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 11.
  13. Control piston (4) of an injection device (1) in accordance with one of the claims 1 to 11, or for the injection device (1) of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine (5) in accordance with claim 12, which merely has two or three gap seal regions (46) and one valve seat region (45).
EP94810381A 1994-06-27 1994-06-27 Injection device to inject fuel in a reciprocating internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0690222B1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94810381A EP0690222B1 (en) 1994-06-27 1994-06-27 Injection device to inject fuel in a reciprocating internal combustion engine
DK94810381T DK0690222T3 (en) 1994-06-27 1994-06-27 Injection device for injecting fuel by a piston combustion engine
DE59408588T DE59408588D1 (en) 1994-06-27 1994-06-27 Injection device for injecting fuel in a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine
JP10577595A JP3597910B2 (en) 1994-06-27 1995-04-28 Fuel injection device for piston reciprocating internal combustion engine
KR1019950012979A KR100364070B1 (en) 1994-06-27 1995-05-24 Fuel injection device of reciprocating piston internal combustion engine
CN95106181A CN1057818C (en) 1994-06-27 1995-06-05 Injection device for the injection of fuel in a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine
FI953161A FI106973B (en) 1994-06-27 1995-06-26 Injection device for injecting fuel into a stroke piston combustion engine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP94810381A EP0690222B1 (en) 1994-06-27 1994-06-27 Injection device to inject fuel in a reciprocating internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0690222A1 EP0690222A1 (en) 1996-01-03
EP0690222B1 true EP0690222B1 (en) 1999-08-04

Family

ID=8218276

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94810381A Expired - Lifetime EP0690222B1 (en) 1994-06-27 1994-06-27 Injection device to inject fuel in a reciprocating internal combustion engine

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0690222B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3597910B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100364070B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1057818C (en)
DE (1) DE59408588D1 (en)
DK (1) DK0690222T3 (en)
FI (1) FI106973B (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110748447A (en) * 2019-09-30 2020-02-04 广西擎芯动力科技有限公司 Low-power-consumption driving gas metering valve for auxiliary injection of fuel gas of heavy oil piston engine

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4574762B2 (en) * 1998-08-28 2010-11-04 ヴェルトジィレ シュヴァイツ アクチェンゲゼルシャフト Fuel injection device for reciprocating piston engine
DE59910639D1 (en) * 1998-09-21 2004-11-04 Waertsilae Schweiz Ag Winterth reciprocating internal combustion engine
JP2007085214A (en) * 2005-09-21 2007-04-05 Nabtesco Corp Metering mechanism of fluid feeding device for engine
KR20150146245A (en) 2014-06-23 2015-12-31 천승준 umbrella stand and shopping cart using the same
DE102016223838A1 (en) * 2016-11-30 2018-05-30 Robert Bosch Gmbh Leakage test device of a tank arrangement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1206849A (en) * 1958-05-19 1960-02-11 Improvements to self-regulating piston pumps, in particular for fuel injection into engines
US3191812A (en) * 1964-02-25 1965-06-29 Honda Gijutsu Kenkyusho Kk High pressure fuel injection apparatus for internal combustion engines
GB1404584A (en) * 1971-10-15 1975-09-03 Cav Ltd Liquid fuel injection pumping apparatus for an internal combustion engine
DE3001155A1 (en) * 1980-01-15 1981-07-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR SELF-IGNITIONING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE
US4422424A (en) * 1981-06-23 1983-12-27 The Bendix Corporation Electronically controlled fuel injection pump

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110748447A (en) * 2019-09-30 2020-02-04 广西擎芯动力科技有限公司 Low-power-consumption driving gas metering valve for auxiliary injection of fuel gas of heavy oil piston engine
CN110748447B (en) * 2019-09-30 2020-11-20 黎鑫悦 Low-power-consumption driving gas metering valve for auxiliary injection of fuel gas of heavy oil piston engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59408588D1 (en) 1999-09-09
KR960001449A (en) 1996-01-25
FI953161A0 (en) 1995-06-26
CN1118411A (en) 1996-03-13
CN1057818C (en) 2000-10-25
FI953161A (en) 1995-12-28
DK0690222T3 (en) 1999-12-06
KR100364070B1 (en) 2003-02-26
FI106973B (en) 2001-05-15
EP0690222A1 (en) 1996-01-03
JP3597910B2 (en) 2004-12-08
JPH0842423A (en) 1996-02-13

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