EP0690210A1 - Procédé et dispositif de régénération commandée d'un filtre à particules diesel - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de régénération commandée d'un filtre à particules diesel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0690210A1
EP0690210A1 EP95109133A EP95109133A EP0690210A1 EP 0690210 A1 EP0690210 A1 EP 0690210A1 EP 95109133 A EP95109133 A EP 95109133A EP 95109133 A EP95109133 A EP 95109133A EP 0690210 A1 EP0690210 A1 EP 0690210A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
soot filter
diesel soot
temperature
diesel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95109133A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0690210B1 (fr
Inventor
Konstantin N. Prof.Dr.-Ing. Pattas
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE19506983A external-priority patent/DE19506983A1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0690210A1 publication Critical patent/EP0690210A1/fr
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Publication of EP0690210B1 publication Critical patent/EP0690210B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0235—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using exhaust gas throttling means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/031—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start
    • F01N3/032—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters having means for by-passing filters, e.g. when clogged or during cold engine start during filter regeneration only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for regenerating the diesel soot filter of a diesel engine.
  • diesel soot filters with a porous wall allow gaseous components of the exhaust gas to pass through, but hinder the passage of solid particles, which mainly result from the coagulation of carbon molecules and heavy hydrocarbons.
  • soot particles deposited in the diesel soot filter which increasingly clog the diesel soot filter during operation, can be broken down to regenerate the diesel soot filter by means of thermal (combustion), catalytic or other processes.
  • the reaction speed of the combustion of the particles collected in the diesel soot filter can increase uncontrollably under stochastic conditions with automatically triggered regeneration. This can lead to an inadmissible increase in temperature with the result of the partial or total fusion or destruction of the diesel soot filter.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device for regenerating diesel soot filters in diesel engines in which effective protection against damage or destruction of the diesel soot filter can be achieved more easily than before while avoiding the inconveniences of bypass operation.
  • a method according to claim 1 and a device according to claim 2 serve to achieve this object.
  • the diesel particulate filter is divided into a plurality of sections connected in parallel in the exhaust gas flow, of which at least one can be completely or partially switched off depending on the exhaust gas temperature prevailing at the outlet of the relevant section.
  • a four-cylinder diesel engine 1 is shown, in the exhaust tract 3 diesel soot filters 2, 4 and 6 are installed, wherein no bypass bridging the diesel soot filter is provided.
  • These three diesel soot filters are installed parallel to one another in the exhaust tract 3 and comprise a common inlet 5, individual outlet sockets 5a, 5b, 5c, each of which leads into an associated diesel soot filter 2, 4, 6, and individual outlet sockets 7a, 7b, 7c, which each start from a diesel soot filter 2, 4, 6 and are brought together in a common outlet 7.
  • inlets 5a, 5b, 5c there are one throttle body 10, 12, 14, that is to say as many throttle bodies as diesel soot filters 2, 4, 6.
  • thermocouples 9, 11, 13 are provided for the individual detection of the exhaust gas temperatures of the three diesel soot filters, the output signals of which are input into an electronic unit 100 controlling the throttle bodies.
  • the throttle bodies 2, 4, 6 are designed here as throttle valves.
  • Soot particles deposited in the diesel particulate filters 2, 4, 6 are regenerated from time to time by burning off due to an increase in temperature during operation or by means of exhaust gas throttling.
  • all throttle elements 10, 12, 14 are actuated simultaneously by the electronic unit 100.
  • the diesel soot filters 2, 4 or 6 are shut off by shutting off the associated throttle element 10, 12 or 14 the exhaust gas flow is switched off, behind which the measured exhaust gas temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature.
  • the relevant inlet 5a, b or c is shut off in whole or in part by means of the corresponding throttle element 10, 12 or 14 in response to an ON / OFF signal or an analog actuation signal which is output by the electronic unit 100.
  • This unit 100 receives the output signals of the thermocouples 9, 11, 13 as input signals.
  • the reaction rate of the commenced combustion of the soot collected in the diesel soot filter, at constant exhaust gas temperature, is a function of the mass flow rate m.
  • Figure 2 shows a qualitative diagram of the dependence of the reaction rate w of the combustion on the mass flow rate m. If the temperature behind the diesel particulate filter 2 loaded with a particle quantity G (FIG. 1) exceeds the maximum permissible exhaust gas temperature, this filter 2 is partially or even completely shut off by actuating the associated throttle valve 10, with the result that the mass flow is reduced below m 1. The main exhaust gas throughput is now passed through the diesel particulate filters 4 and 6. Accordingly, the mass flow rate m is increased by these filters 4, 6 to over m2.
  • reaction rate w is reduced in all filters, as can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 2.
  • this filter is throttled or blocked in the same way as before filter 2.
  • a prerequisite for complete protection against uncontrolled combustion of the deposited particle quantity in the diesel soot filter is that the mass flow rate in the last filter causes the reaction to be aborted or "deleted” even when the diesel engine is idling.
  • the volume and the number of diesel soot filters for a specific diesel engine are predetermined.
  • FIG. 3 shows a system of a six-cylinder diesel engine with four diesel soot filters 16, 18, 20, 22.
  • each diesel soot filter is assigned a throttle element 24, 26, 28, 30 in the corresponding inlets, not shown here, and a thermocouple 32, 34, 36, 38 in the corresponding outlets, not shown here.
  • the individual switch-off of the diesel soot filter from the exhaust gas flow is carried out in stages by means of the electronic unit (not shown here) in the same way as in the embodiment according to FIG. 1, with at least one diesel soot filter being left in operation in the last stage.
  • the throttle bodies can be designed as throttle valves or poppet valves.
  • thermocouples T1 and T2 are installed in the center.
  • the section 52 is chosen so small by the dimenionization of the tubular inlet 51 that the mass flow flowing through it is so great even at idle that the combustion of the deposited soot is delayed or even interrupted.
  • the one according to FIG. 4 (and also the embodiments according to FIGS. 5 and 6) manages with only one throttle element 40, which reduces the number of moving and thus vulnerable parts and the construction simplified.
  • the omission of the throttle element for section 52 surprisingly does not affect forced regeneration by exhaust gas throttling.
  • Regeneration due to particle erosion is forced by closing the single shut-off device 40.
  • an increase in the exhaust gas back pressure and accordingly the temperature in front of both sections of the diesel soot filter is achieved.
  • Protection against uncontrolled burning usually takes effect at low to medium speeds or at low loads. A deterioration in the driving characteristics due to the increased back pressure due to the reduced outlet area is not noticed by the driver, because he can further depress the accelerator pedal to achieve the desired performance. If, on the other hand, protection occurs in the area of the maximum speed or power, the protection process can be interrupted by a kick-down switch.
  • FIG. 5 shows a diesel soot filter which has two sections, namely a larger section 67 and a smaller section 62 and no shut-off elements in the inputs 60, 61.
  • a single shut-off element is formed by a thermostat 64, which is arranged in the common outlet channel of the two sections 62, 67 and through which the exhaust gas flows through the sections 62, 67. If the thermostat expands, it closes the outlet 63 of the larger section 67 at a predetermined exhaust gas temperature.
  • monitoring of the temperatures at the filter outlet and, accordingly, an electronic control unit is superfluous, and the thermostat 64 automatically takes over the protection against uncontrolled combustion of both sections 62, 67 when the predetermined exhaust gas temperature is reached.
  • the thermostat 64 consists of a closed corrugated tube that expands axially under internal pressure. It is provided with a suitable filling made of a substance (e.g. sodium) that evaporates when a certain temperature is reached, causing a rapid increase in internal pressure. Thereby the thermostat 64 is extended elastically and the outlet 63 is shut off.
  • a substance e.g. sodium
  • FIG. 6 shows a variant of the embodiment according to FIG. 5, a small and a large section 72, 77 of a filter 71 being designed as two sections of a monolith 72. Exhaust gas flows through the sections via a common inlet 70. As with the execution 5, a thermostat 74 in the form of an axially expandable corrugated tube is arranged in the outlet 73 of the large section 77 such that it automatically closes its outlet 73 when a predetermined temperature is reached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
EP95109133A 1994-06-29 1995-06-13 Procédé et dispositif de régénération commandée d'un filtre à particules diesel Expired - Lifetime EP0690210B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4422829 1994-06-29
DE4422829 1994-06-29
DE19506983 1995-02-28
DE19506983A DE19506983A1 (de) 1994-06-29 1995-02-28 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum kontrollierten Regenerieren eines Dieselrußfilters

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0690210A1 true EP0690210A1 (fr) 1996-01-03
EP0690210B1 EP0690210B1 (fr) 1998-11-04

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EP95109133A Expired - Lifetime EP0690210B1 (fr) 1994-06-29 1995-06-13 Procédé et dispositif de régénération commandée d'un filtre à particules diesel

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5582002A (fr)
EP (1) EP0690210B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH0849523A (fr)
CN (1) CN1116272A (fr)
AT (1) ATE173051T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU680359B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9502975A (fr)
CA (1) CA2152094A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0829622A1 (fr) * 1996-09-13 1998-03-18 Institut Francais Du Petrole Procédé et dispositif de controle d'un filtre à particules
FR2865239A1 (fr) * 2004-01-19 2005-07-22 Jean Claude Fayard Dispositif de filtration des gaz d'echappement pour moteur diesel associant un additif de combustion compose de nano-particules et un filtre a particules a surface de filtration variable

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US6752856B1 (en) 1999-04-29 2004-06-22 Caterpillar Inc. Feedback loop controlled multistage aerosol removal device
US6293096B1 (en) 1999-06-23 2001-09-25 Southwest Research Institute Multiple stage aftertreatment system
US6615580B1 (en) 1999-06-23 2003-09-09 Southwest Research Institute Integrated system for controlling diesel engine emissions
DE60106924T2 (de) * 2000-07-24 2005-11-10 Toyota Jidosha K.K., Toyota Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung
US6901751B2 (en) 2002-02-01 2005-06-07 Cummins, Inc. System for controlling particulate filter temperature
DE10211565A1 (de) * 2002-03-15 2003-10-09 Eberspaecher J Gmbh & Co Abgasanlage mit Partikelfilter für Dieselmotoren
FR2846038B1 (fr) * 2002-10-22 2006-12-22 Renault Sa Procede de determination de la temperature interne d'un filtre a particules, procede de commande de la generation du filtre a particules, systeme de commande et filtre a particules correspondant.
US20040231323A1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-25 Fujita Mahoro M. Exhaust system and process for operating the same
US7861516B2 (en) * 2003-06-18 2011-01-04 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Methods of controlling reductant addition
US6991668B2 (en) * 2003-09-26 2006-01-31 Towsley Frank E Diesel soot filter
GB0428289D0 (en) * 2004-12-24 2005-01-26 Johnson Matthey Plc Reductant addition in exhaust system comprising NOx-absorbent
GB0428291D0 (en) * 2004-12-24 2005-01-26 Johnson Matthey Plc Methods of regenerating NOx-Absorbent
FR2872199B1 (fr) * 2004-06-25 2006-10-06 Jean Claude Fayard Procede et dispositif de reduction/elimination de la quantite de particules contenues dans les gaz d'echappement d'un moteur a combustion interne
DE102005038707A1 (de) * 2005-08-15 2007-03-08 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung eines Abgases einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine
WO2008138146A1 (fr) * 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Nxtgen Emission Controls Inc. Filtre segmenté contre les matières en suspension pour flux d'échappement de moteur
WO2011059233A2 (fr) * 2009-11-10 2011-05-19 제주대학교 산학협력단 Ensemble de filtre et dispositif de réduction de gaz d'échappement comprenant celui-ci
US20120151916A1 (en) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Shishir Tiwari Apparatus and system for directing exhaust gas flow
US10100721B2 (en) 2010-12-21 2018-10-16 General Electric Company Apparatus and system for directing exhaust gas flow
CN102116187A (zh) * 2011-03-22 2011-07-06 杭州银轮科技有限公司 一种用于柴油机尾气处理的催化转化器
CN103946507B (zh) 2011-10-26 2017-07-21 博夏特汽车测试服务有限公司 用于柴油微粒过滤器的过热/过压安全装置
US9010098B2 (en) * 2012-10-24 2015-04-21 Electro-Motive Diesel, Inc. After-treatment device
JP6277489B2 (ja) * 2014-04-25 2018-02-14 株式会社コモテック 内燃機関のフィルタ装置
WO2015171155A1 (fr) * 2014-05-09 2015-11-12 Cummins Inc. Techniques permettant de rendre minimales les restrictions d'écoulement du système post-traitement durant le fonctionnement du moteur
JP6551132B2 (ja) * 2015-10-13 2019-07-31 スズキ株式会社 エンジンの排気制御装置
US10273847B2 (en) * 2017-05-26 2019-04-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Systems and methods for controlling bypass of exhaust after treatment device

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JPH03286120A (ja) * 1990-03-30 1991-12-17 Mazda Motor Corp ディーゼルエンジンの排気微粒子浄化装置
WO1993000503A2 (fr) * 1991-06-27 1993-01-07 Donaldson Company, Inc. Dispositif piege a element filtre tubulaire

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0829622A1 (fr) * 1996-09-13 1998-03-18 Institut Francais Du Petrole Procédé et dispositif de controle d'un filtre à particules
FR2753393A1 (fr) * 1996-09-13 1998-03-20 Inst Francais Du Petrole Procede et dispositif de controle d'un filtre a particules
FR2865239A1 (fr) * 2004-01-19 2005-07-22 Jean Claude Fayard Dispositif de filtration des gaz d'echappement pour moteur diesel associant un additif de combustion compose de nano-particules et un filtre a particules a surface de filtration variable

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5582002A (en) 1996-12-10
ATE173051T1 (de) 1998-11-15
JPH0849523A (ja) 1996-02-20
AU680359B2 (en) 1997-07-24
BR9502975A (pt) 1996-06-25
EP0690210B1 (fr) 1998-11-04
CA2152094A1 (fr) 1995-12-30
CN1116272A (zh) 1996-02-07
AU2163095A (en) 1996-01-11

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