EP0685635B2 - Crankcase ventilation for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Crankcase ventilation for an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0685635B2
EP0685635B2 EP95106551A EP95106551A EP0685635B2 EP 0685635 B2 EP0685635 B2 EP 0685635B2 EP 95106551 A EP95106551 A EP 95106551A EP 95106551 A EP95106551 A EP 95106551A EP 0685635 B2 EP0685635 B2 EP 0685635B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
crankcase ventilation
oil
oil separator
crankcase
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95106551A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0685635B1 (en
EP0685635A1 (en
Inventor
Gert Dipl.-Ing. Krausse
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Ing Walter Hengst GmbH and Co KG
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Ing Walter Hengst GmbH and Co KG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/88—Cleaning-out collected particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0466—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with electrostatic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M13/00—Crankcase ventilating or breathing
    • F01M13/04—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil
    • F01M2013/0488—Crankcase ventilating or breathing having means for purifying air before leaving crankcase, e.g. removing oil with oil trap in the return conduit to the crankcase

Definitions

  • an electrically insulated high voltage cable 35 is the upper end of the discharge electrode 3 in electrical Connection to an electronic high voltage generator 36, which consists of 12 V or 24 V DC voltage a high voltage for supplying the discharge electrode 3 generated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung für eine Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges, mit einer vom Kurbelgehäuse der Brennkraftmaschine zu deren Luftansaugseite geführten, von den Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgasen durchströmbaren Entlüftungsleitung, in deren Verlauf mindestens ein Ölabscheider angeordnet ist, von dem aus eine Rücklaufleitung für abgeschiedenes Öl zum Kurbelgehäuse geführt ist, wobei der Ölabscheider ein Elektrofilter ist.The invention relates to a crankcase ventilation for an internal combustion engine, in particular a motor vehicle, with one from the crankcase of the internal combustion engine to the air intake side, from the crankcase ventilation gases flow-through ventilation line, in the course of which at least one oil separator is arranged is from which a return line for separated Oil is led to the crankcase, the oil separator is an electrostatic filter.

Eine Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung der oben genannten Art ist aus JP 3-141811 (Abstract) und JP 3-141811 bekannt. Das Elektrofilter weist hier netzförmige Elektroden auf, von denen eine zuerst durchströmte Elektrode eine Entladungselektrode und eine nachfolgende zweite Elektrode eine Niederschlagselektrode ist. Nachteilig erfordert dieser Elektrofilter niedrige Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des zu reinigenden Gases, um einen guten Wirkungsgrad zu erzielen, was ihn für eine Anwendung zur Entölung von Kurbelgehäusegasen wenig geeignet macht. Außerdem ist die gezielte Ölableitung von der relativ großflächigen Netzelektrode schwierig.A crankcase ventilation is of the type mentioned above known from JP 3-141811 (abstract) and JP 3-141811. The The electrostatic filter here has mesh-shaped electrodes, from a first electrode through which a discharge electrode flows and a subsequent second electrode Precipitation electrode is. This requires disadvantage Electrostatic precipitator low flow rates cleaning gas to achieve good efficiency, what an application for de-oiling crankcase gases makes little suitable. It is also targeted Oil drainage from the relatively large area electrode difficult.

Die "McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology", 7th Edition, 1960, beschreibt auf den Seiten 269 und 270 einen elektrostatischen Abscheider, der dazu vorgesehen ist, Flüssigkeitströpfchen aus einem Gasstrom zu entfernen. In seiner einfachsten Form besteht dieser Abscheider aus einem vertikalen Rohr mit einem isolierten, konzentrisch angeordneten Draht. Falls die in Schwebe gehaltenen Teilchen im Gas flüssiger Art sind, sammeln sich diese im Abscheider an der Wand und vereinigen sich zu Tröpfchen, die am Boden des Rohres abgezogen werden können. Eine konkrete Ausgestaltung des Ölabzuges wird aber nicht gezeigt.The "McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology", 7th Edition, 1960, describes on pages 269 and 270 an electrostatic precipitator designed for this is to remove liquid droplets from a gas stream. This separator is in its simplest form from a vertical tube with an insulated, concentric arranged wire. If the ones in limbo Particles in the gas are liquid, accumulate these in the separator on the wall and unite Droplets that can be drawn off at the bottom of the tube. However, a specific design of the oil deduction Not shown.

Schließlich beschreibt die US 4 588 423 einen elektrostatischen Separator, bestehend aus einem elektrisch an Masse liegenden Rohr als Niederschlagselektrode mit einem zentral in Längsrichtung durch das Rohr verlaufenden, gegen das Rohr isolierten und mit elektrischer Hochspannung speisbaren Stab. In das Rohr ist ein konischer Rohrstutzen dichtend zum Rohr eingesetzt. Der sich zwischen den Rohren bildende Ringspalt dient zum Abzug der an der Rohrwand abgelagerten Partikel. Dieser Separator ist jedoch für die Abscheidung von Feststoffen aus einem Gasstrom, wie z.B. Rußpartikel aus dem Abgasstrom einer Brennkraftmaschine, vorgesehen, sodaß eine Anwendung für die Entölung von Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgasen nicht ohne weiteres möglich ist.Finally, US 4,588,423 describes an electrostatic Separator, consisting of an electric one Mass lying tube as a precipitation electrode with a centrally in the longitudinal direction through the pipe, insulated against the pipe and with high voltage feedable rod. In the tube is a conical one Pipe socket used to seal the pipe. The one between the annular gap forming the tubes serves to deduct the Particles deposited on the pipe wall. This separator is for the separation of solids from one Gas flow, e.g. Soot particles from the exhaust gas stream Internal combustion engine, provided so that an application for the de-oiling of crankcase ventilation gases is not without further is possible.

Es stellt sich daher die Aufgabe, eine Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, die einen guten Ölabscheidungsgrad bei gleichzeitig geringem Druckabfall beim Durchtritt der Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgase durch den Ölabscheider gewährleistet.The task therefore arises of crankcase ventilation of the kind mentioned at the beginning to create one good degree of oil separation with low at the same time Pressure drop when the crankcase ventilation gases pass through guaranteed by the oil separator.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe gelingt erfindungsgemäß durch eine Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung der eingangs genannten Art, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist,

  • daß das den Ölabscheider bildende Elektrofilter mit einem metallischen, die Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgase führenden, elektrisch an Masse liegenden Rohr als Niederschlagselektrode und mit einem zentral in Längsrichtung durch das Rohr verlaufenden, gegen das Rohr elektrisch isolierten und mit elektrischer Hochspannung speisbaren Draht oder Stab oder dünnen Rohr als Entladungselektrode ausgebildet ist,
  • daß eine Auffangvorrichtung für das abgeschiedene Öl durch einen am unteren Ende des Rohres vorgesehenen Ringspalt gebildet ist,
  • daß der Ringspalt nach außen durch die Innenseite des Rohres und nach innen durch die Außenseite eines dichtend in das Rohr ragenden Rohrstutzens gebildet ist und
  • daß aus dem Ringspalt das darin gesammelte Öl abführbar ist.
This object is achieved according to the invention by a crankcase ventilation of the type mentioned at the outset, which is characterized in that
  • that the electrostatic precipitator forming the oil separator with a metallic tube leading to the crankcase ventilation gases, electrically connected to ground as the precipitation electrode and with a wire or rod or thin tube as a discharge electrode which runs centrally through the tube in the longitudinal direction and is electrically insulated against the tube and can be fed with high voltage is trained,
  • that a collecting device for the separated oil is formed by an annular gap provided at the lower end of the tube,
  • that the annular gap is formed on the outside by the inside of the tube and on the inside by the outside of a pipe socket sealingly projecting into the pipe and
  • that the oil collected therein can be removed from the annular gap.

Mit der Erfindung wird vorteilhaft erreicht, daß ein Ölabscheidungsgrad bis zu praktisch 100% bei annähernd konstant niedrigem Strömungswiderstand unabhängig von der Tröpfchengröße des im Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgases mitgeführten Öls erzielbar ist. Die für den Betrieb des Elektrofilters benötigte elektrische Hochspannung kann durch eine entsprechende elektronische Baueinheit z.B. aus der Niederspannung von 12 oder 24 V eines Kraftfahrzeug-Bordnetzes erzeugt werden. Das Elektrofilter besitzt dabei einen vorteilhaft einfachen Aufbau und die abgeschiedenen Öltröpfchen können einfach mittels Schwerkraft der Rücklaufleitung zum Kurbelgehäuse zugeführt werden.With the invention it is advantageously achieved that an oil separation degree up to practically 100% at almost constant low flow resistance regardless of the Droplet size of the entrained gas in the crankcase ventilation gas Oil is achievable. The for the operation of the Electrical high voltage required can by an appropriate electronic unit e.g. from the low voltage of 12 or 24 V of a motor vehicle electrical system be generated. The electrostatic filter has an advantageously simple structure and the Separated oil droplets can be easily removed by gravity the return line to the crankcase become.

Weiterhin besteht die Möglichkeit, daß mit dem Elektrofilter mindestens ein weiterer Ölabscheider in Reihe geschaltet ist, um einen möglichst hohen Ölabscheidungsgrad zu erreichen, ohne daß die gesamte Ölabscheidung innerhalb des Elektrofilters erfolgen muß.There is also the possibility that with the electrostatic filter at least one other oil separator connected in series is to achieve the highest possible degree of oil separation to achieve without the entire oil separation must take place within the electrostatic filter.

Vorzugsweise ist der zuvor erwähnte weitere Ölabscheider dem Elektrofilter vorgeschaltet, wobei dann in dem weiteren Ölabscheider zunächst eine grobe Vorabscheidung erfolgt und in dem nachgeschalteten Elektrofilter dann eine endgültige Feinabscheidung des im Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgas mitgeführten Öls erfolgt.The aforementioned oil separator is preferably upstream of the electrostatic filter, then in the further Oil separator is first subjected to a rough preliminary separation and then one in the downstream electrostatic filter final fine separation of the crankcase ventilation gas carried oil.

Der weitere, mit dem Elektrofilter in Reihe geschaltete Ölabscheider ist vorzugsweise ein Fliehkraft- und/oder Prall- und/oder Faserabscheider, wie diese an sich bekannt sind. Im Zusammenwirken mit dem Elektrofilter können diese weiteren Ölabscheider aber so ausgelegt sein, daß sie einen möglichst geringen Strömungswiderstand für die Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgase darstellen, da die abschließende Ölabscheidung noch im Elektrofilter erfolgt.The other, connected in series with the electrostatic filter Oil separator is preferably a centrifugal and / or Impact and / or fiber separators, as known per se are. In cooperation with the electrostatic precipitator you can these other oil separators should be designed that they have the lowest possible flow resistance for represent the crankcase ventilation gases as the final Oil separation still takes place in the electrostatic filter.

Um eine Kurzschluß-Strömung des Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgases durch die Rücklaufleitung für das abgeschiedene Öl zu vermeiden, ist vorgesehen, daß im Verlauf dieser Rücklaufleitung ein Siphon oder ein Rückschlagventil angeordnet ist.A short circuit flow of the crankcase ventilation gas through the return line for the separated oil To avoid, it is provided that in the course of this return line a siphon or a check valve is arranged is.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung erläutert. Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt eine Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung mit einem Elektrofilter im schematischen Längsschnitt.An embodiment of the invention is as follows explained using a drawing. The only figure of the Drawing shows a crankcase ventilation with a Electrostatic filter in schematic longitudinal section.

Wie aus der Zeichnungsfigur ersichtlich ist, besitzt das hier dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel der Kurbelgehäuseentlüftung einen Ölabscheider 1, der als Rohrelektrofilter ausgebildet ist und in eine Entlüftungsleitung 10 eingeschaltet ist, die vom Kurbelgehäuse einer Brennkraftmaschine zu deren Luftansaugseite geführt ist. Bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel strömt von unten her ein ölhaltiger Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgasstrom 5 in den Ölabscheider 1. Im Ölabscheider 1 wird das mitgeführte Öl abgeschieden und durch eine Rücklaufleitung 4 als rücklaufender Ölstrom 6 zum Kurbelgehäuse zurückgeführt. Nach oben hin verläßt ein ölfreier Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgasstrom 7 den Ölabscheider 1.As can be seen from the drawing figure, this has Embodiment of crankcase ventilation shown here an oil separator 1, which as a tubular electrostatic precipitator is formed and into a ventilation line 10 is turned on by the crankcase of an internal combustion engine is led to the air intake side. at the embodiment shown flows from below an oil-containing crankcase ventilation gas stream 5 in the Oil separator 1. The oil separator 1 carries the entrained Oil separated and through a return line 4 as returning oil flow 6 returned to the crankcase. An oil-free crankcase ventilation gas flow leaves at the top 7 the oil separator 1.

Der Ölabscheider 1, der als Rohrelektrofilter ausgeführt ist, wird im wesentlichen durch ein zylindrisches Metallrohr 2, einen von unten dichtend in dieses eingeführten Rohrstutzen 21 kleineren Durchmessers und eine zentral in Längsrichtung durch das Rohr 2 geführte, ebenfalls metallische Entladungselektrode 3 gebildet. Die Entladungselektrode 3 ist hier als relativ dünner Stab oder Draht ausgebildet, der an seinem oberen Ende in einem Isolator 31 und an seinem unteren Ende in einem Isolator 33 elektrisch isoliert gehalten ist. Die Isolatoren 31, 33 sind ihrerseits über mehrarmige Halter 32, 34 mit dem Rohr 2 verbunden. Die Halter 32, 34 sind dabei so ausgebildet, daß sie die Strömung des Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgases durch das Rohr 2 hindurch möglichst wenig beeinträchtigen.The oil separator 1, which is designed as a tubular electrostatic precipitator is essentially through a cylindrical metal tube 2, one inserted from below into this sealing Pipe socket 21 of smaller diameter and one centrally in the longitudinal direction through the tube 2, also metallic Discharge electrode 3 formed. The discharge electrode 3 is here as a relatively thin rod or wire formed at its top end in an insulator 31 and at its lower end in an insulator 33 electrical is kept isolated. The isolators 31, 33 are in turn via multi-arm holders 32, 34 with the tube 2 connected. The holders 32, 34 are designed so that they are the flow of the crankcase ventilation gas impair as little as possible through the tube 2.

Über ein elektrisch isoliertes Hochspannungskabel 35 steht das obere Ende der Entladungselektrode 3 in elektrischer Verbindung mit einem elektronischen Hochspannungsgenerator 36, der aus 12 V oder 24 V Gleichspannung eine Hochspannung zur Speisung der Entladungselektrode 3 erzeugt.Via an electrically insulated high voltage cable 35 is the upper end of the discharge electrode 3 in electrical Connection to an electronic high voltage generator 36, which consists of 12 V or 24 V DC voltage a high voltage for supplying the discharge electrode 3 generated.

Durch die Speisung der Entladungselektrode 3 mit der Hochspannung, vorzugsweise einer Gleichspannung, wird im Inneren des Rohres 2, das über einen Masseanschluß 22 elektrisch an Masse gelegt ist, eine elektrische Korona erzeugt. Diese sorgt dafür, daß im Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgasstrom 5 in das Innere des Rohres 2 gelangende Öltröpfchen sich elektrischen Feldkräften folgend an der Innenseite 20 des Rohres 2 niederschlagen. Dieser Ölniederschlag 60 bildet im laufenden Betrieb des Ölabscheiders 1 mit der Zeit einen Ölfilm, der entlang der Innenseite 20 des Rohres 2 nach unten rinnt. Im unteren Teil des Rohres 2 befindet sich ein Ringspalt 40, der nach außen durch die Innenseite 20 des Rohres 2 und nach innen durch die Außenseite des Rohrstutzens 21 begrenzt ist und der eine Auffangvorrichtung für das abgeschiedene Öl bildet. An seinem tiefsten Punkt steht der Ringspalt 40 mit der Rücklaufleitung 4 in Verbindung, so daß infolge der Schwerkraft an der Innenseite 20 des Rohres 2 nach unten rinnendes Öl abgeführt wird.By feeding the discharge electrode 3 with the High voltage, preferably a DC voltage, is in the Inside of the tube 2, which has a ground connection 22nd is electrically grounded, an electrical corona generated. This ensures that in the crankcase ventilation gas flow 5 oil droplets entering the interior of the tube 2 following electrical field forces at the Knock down inside 20 of tube 2. This oil spill 60 forms the oil separator during operation 1 over time an oil film that runs along the inside 20 of the tube 2 runs down. In the lower part of the tube 2 there is an annular gap 40, which after outside through the inside 20 of the tube 2 and inside limited by the outside of the pipe socket 21 and is a collecting device for the separated Oil forms. The annular gap is at its lowest point 40 with the return line 4 in connection so that due to gravity on the inside 20 of the tube 2 draining down oil is discharged.

Zur Vermeidung von Kurbelgehäuseentlüftungsgasströmungen durch die Rücklaufleitung 4 ist diese hier mit einem Siphon 41 ausgebildet, in welchem durch dort angesammeltes abgeschiedenes Öl ein gasdichter Verschluß gebildet wird. Durch den Siphon 41 hindurchgetretenes Öl strömt dann als rücklaufender Ölstrom 6 wieder in das Kurbelgehäuse der zugehörigen, hier nicht dargestellten Brennkraftmaschine.To avoid crankcase ventilation gas flows through the return line 4 this is here with a siphon 41 formed in which accumulated there separated oil formed a gas-tight seal becomes. Oil that has passed through the siphon 41 flows then as a returning oil flow 6 back into the crankcase the associated internal combustion engine, not shown here.

Claims (5)

  1. Crankcase ventilation for an internal combustion engine, in particular a passenger car, comprising a ventilation pipe (10) connecting the crankcase of the internal combustion engine with the air intake side thereof, and streamed through by the crankcase ventilation gases, with at least one oil separator (1) arranged in the ventilation pipe, with a return pipe (4) for separated oil guided from the oil separator to the crankcase, wherein the oil separator (1) is an electrostatic filter,
    characterised in that
    the electrostatic filter forming the oil separator (1) is formed with a metallic pipe (2) guiding the crankcase ventilation gases, and electrically connected with earth, and serving as a collecting electrode, and with a wire or bar or thin pipe centrally extending through the pipe (2) in longitudinal direction, electrically insulated from the pipe (2), and chargeable with electrical high voltage, serving as a discharge electrode (3),
    a collecting device for the separated oil is formed by an annular gap (40) provided at the lower end of the pipe (2),
    the annular gap (40) is formed outwards by the inner side (20) of the pipe (2), and inwards by the outer side of a pipe socket (21) protruding in a sealing fashion into the pipe (2), and
    the oil collected in the annular gap (40) can be removed therefrom.
  2. Crankcase ventilation according to claim 1, characterised in that at least one further oil separator is connected in series with the electrostatic filter.
  3. Crankcase ventilation according to claim 2, characterised in that the further oil separator is connected upstream of the electrostatic filter.
  4. Crankcase ventilation according to claim 2 or 3, characterised in that the further oil separator is a cyclone and/or a rebound separator and/or a fibre separator.
  5. Crankcase ventilation according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a siphon trap (41) or check valve is arranged in the return pipe (4).
EP95106551A 1994-05-02 1995-05-02 Crankcase ventilation for an internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0685635B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4415407A DE4415407A1 (en) 1994-05-02 1994-05-02 Crankcase ventilation for an internal combustion engine
DE4415407 1994-05-02

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0685635A1 EP0685635A1 (en) 1995-12-06
EP0685635B1 EP0685635B1 (en) 1997-11-05
EP0685635B2 true EP0685635B2 (en) 2002-08-07

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EP95106551A Expired - Lifetime EP0685635B2 (en) 1994-05-02 1995-05-02 Crankcase ventilation for an internal combustion engine

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EP (1) EP0685635B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4415407A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2109750T3 (en)

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Also Published As

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ES2109750T3 (en) 1998-01-16
EP0685635B1 (en) 1997-11-05
EP0685635A1 (en) 1995-12-06
DE59500938D1 (en) 1997-12-11
DE4415407A1 (en) 1995-11-09

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