EP0680779A1 - Gasauflösung in Flüssigkeiten - Google Patents

Gasauflösung in Flüssigkeiten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0680779A1
EP0680779A1 EP95301776A EP95301776A EP0680779A1 EP 0680779 A1 EP0680779 A1 EP 0680779A1 EP 95301776 A EP95301776 A EP 95301776A EP 95301776 A EP95301776 A EP 95301776A EP 0680779 A1 EP0680779 A1 EP 0680779A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid
duct
gas
ultrasound
bubbles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP95301776A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Michael Jack Race
Godfrey Brian Pickworth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOC Group Ltd
Original Assignee
BOC Group Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BOC Group Ltd filed Critical BOC Group Ltd
Publication of EP0680779A1 publication Critical patent/EP0680779A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/20—Mixing gases with liquids
    • B01F23/23—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids
    • B01F23/238—Mixing gases with liquids by introducing gases into liquid media, e.g. for producing aerated liquids using vibrations, electrical or magnetic energy, radiations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3122—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof the material flowing at a supersonic velocity thereby creating shock waves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
    • B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
    • B01F31/84—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations for material continuously moving through a tube, e.g. by deforming the tube
    • B01F31/841—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations for material continuously moving through a tube, e.g. by deforming the tube with a vibrating element inside the tube

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to gas dissolution in liquids and relates particularly, but not exclusively, to the use of ultrasound to assist in the dissolution process.
  • Presently known methods of dissolving gas in a liquid include, for example, the well known BOC Group plc's VITOX TM system.
  • This system comprises a venturi through which liquid to be oxygenated is passed and a plurality of small holes in the throat section through which oxygen is introduced into the liquid.
  • the oxygen in the form of bubbles, diffuses into the liquid downstream of the venturi thereby oxygenating the liquid.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus for dissolving a gas in a liquid, the apparatus comprising: a duct, for the passage of liquid therethrough; gas supply means, for introducing bubbles of gas into liquid to be passed through said duct; an ultrasound generating device for generating ultrasound; and directing means for directing ultrasound into any liquid passing through said duct so as to produce "sonically induced cavitation" of any bubbles therein thereby to split said bubbles into smaller bubbles more easily dissolved in the liquid.
  • the generating device is configured for generating ultrasound at or above the resonance frequency of the gas bubbles to be dissolved.
  • the generating device comprises a piezoelectric device.
  • the directing means comprises a sonic horn so as to focus said ultrasound at a particular point within said duct.
  • the directing means is configured for directing the ultrasound substantially across the duct and across the path of liquid passing therethrough.
  • the directing means is configured for directing the ultrasound substantially along the duct and with, or against, the flow of any liquid passing therethrough.
  • the apparatus may further include turbulence generating means for generating turbulence within any fluid passing through the duct so as to further assist in the dissolution of gas within a fluid.
  • the ultrasonic generating means may be positioned for introducing ultrasound into the duct at a position upstream, downstream or coincident with the gas supply means.
  • the apparatus further includes a diffuser for allowing the diffusion of the gas/liquid mixture thereby to facilitate the further dissolution of the gas bubbles in said liquid.
  • venturi device within said duct for the passage of fluid therethrough.
  • the apparatus may further comprise an ejector or nozzle for introducing a mixture of gas/liquid from said duct into a large volume of liquid for the further dissolution of said gas therein.
  • the apparatus 10 for dissolving a gas in a liquid comprises a duct 12 for the passage of liquid therethrough, a gas supply means in the form of supply pipe 14 extending into the duct 12 or terminating at one or more holes 16 provided in the wall 18 thereof and an ultrasound generating device in the form of, for example, a piezoelectric transducer 20.
  • the generating device could be a magnetostatic transducer, an electrostatic transducer or any one of a number of mechanical devices such as a Galton Whistle , a Hartmann Generator or a Janovski-Pohlman Whistle.
  • a directing means formed either by the generating device 20 itself when correctly positioned or a focusing device shown at 24 is provided for ensuring the generated ultrasonic signal is directed towards a desired point within the duct.
  • the focusing device sometimes referred to as a sonic horn 24 simply comprises a tapered member having a wider end 24a for receiving an ultrasonic signal and a tapered portion 24b for funnelling the signal towards a narrower transmitting end 24c from which it is transmitted in a preferred direction.
  • the ultrasound generating device 20 is configured to generate ultrasound at or above the resonant frequency of the gas bubbles to be dissolved.
  • ultrasound frequencies int he range of 20-53kHz are sufficient to control the gas bubble size for most aqueous systems, however, the presence of salts or organics may require a different frequency.
  • the particular frequency employed is selected to maximise the prime objective of mass transfer and this, in conjunction with the amplitude thereof, will be dependent upon the density, viscosity and temperature, for example, of the liquid, their state of motion and solids composition be it inert or organic in composition, together with consideration of the gas to liquid ratio required to achieve maximum mass transfer effect.
  • selection of the correct frequency and amplitude could be a simple matter of trial and error until a particularly suitable choice is made.
  • the directing means 24 may be positioned for directing any produced ultrasound across or along the duct as shown in Figures 1 to 3 respectively and may be upstream, downstream or coincident with the gas supply means 14.
  • a turbulence generator, shown schematically at 26, may be provided for inducing turbulence into the liquid so as to encourage further mixing of the bubbles with the liquid.
  • the turbulence generator could be positioned anywhere in the duct 12 or could be formed by an output nozzle 28.
  • a duct of substantially constant cross sectional area is provided with an upstream turbulence generator 26, a gas supply pipe 14 extending into the volume of liquid passing through the duct 12 and an ultrasound generator 20 positioned for directing ultrasound across the duct downstream of the point at which gas is introduced.
  • a nozzle 28 at the output end of the duct may be conventional or could be provided with a swirl inducer (not shown). Indeed, a swirl inducer may be provided at any point along the duct.
  • Figure 2 illustrates an arrangement where a venturi device 17 forms part of the duct 12 and gas is introduced at the throat of the venturi and upstream of the ultrasound generator 20 which is arranged to direct ultrasound across the duct.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a still further alternative similar to that shown in Figure 2 except that the ultrasound generator 20 is positioned upstream of the venturi 17 and acts to direct ultrasound substantially along the duct rather than thereacross.
  • Other arrangements not illustrated herein will present themselves to the reader of this application and hence the present invention is in no way limited to the illustrated embodiments. It is preferable to have the ultrasound generator acting as close to the exit of the duct as possible, thereby to minimise the possibility of bubble coalescence before ejection.
  • the resultant downstream pipework equipment were configured such that under dynamic conditions a pressure gradient existed, such that the bubbles are subjected to increasing pressure, then they will reduce in size.
  • the extra shear energy would encourage further bubble disintegration, particularly the larger bubbles formed through coalescence, resulting in the issue to the bulk tank of a two phase stream in which the average bubble would be about 0.15-0.25mm in diameter.
  • bubbles of this size will not exhibit sufficient buoyancy to escape to the surface and thus will rapidly dissolve. This tank effect is enhanced by the use of swirl ejector nozzles.
  • any oxygen supply pressure can be accommodated by correct design of the system hydraulics.
  • the ultrasonics would work equally well with subatmospheric supply in self aspirating devices, to pressurised systems, eg, submersible units.
  • the device can be adjusted to the physical properties which dictate the various physical characteristics of the ultrasonic mechanism, be applied to most gas/liquid contacting systems, eg, ozone and water, carbon dioxide/water (although CO2 is less favourable due to it sound attenuation).
  • gas/liquid contacting systems eg, ozone and water, carbon dioxide/water (although CO2 is less favourable due to it sound attenuation).
  • Air/water systems behave in a similar manner to oxygen water systems.
  • Various patents cover processes for dissolving gases into liquid media, each requiring external energy application to create movement of the liquid, typically a pump, combinations of pressurised liquid flow inducing shear of bubbles aiding dissolution of the introduced gas into the liquid stream.
  • pressurised liquid flow inducing shear of bubbles aiding dissolution of the introduced gas into the liquid stream.
  • liquid such as for example water or sewage is passed along duct 14 in which a gas, such as for example Oxygen, is bubbled.
  • a gas such as for example Oxygen
  • Bubbles are acted upon by the effect of the ultrasound so as to cause the breakup thereof. Breakup is best illustrated by reference to Figures 4 to 7 which illustrate one bubble as it passes through the zone in which the ultrasound is contained.
  • An initially large bubble 30 is subjected to acoustic cavitation, that is to say the growth and collapse of the bubble due to the energy inputted from the ultrasound.
  • bubbles are known to expand up to twice their original size and then contract down to less than one half their original size.
  • This breakup can be achieved by using ultrasound to excite the bubbles 30 beyond their resonant frequency and thereby cause the bubble wall to be accelerated non-uniformly such that the wall forms a liquid jet which travels across the bubble and shatters it into a number of smaller bubbles during contraction as illustrated in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the turbulence inducers or swirl generators help to produce further mixing of the liquid/gas combination in a manner already well known by those skilled in the art and therefore not described herein.
  • the liquid/gas mixture is ejected into a bulk of liquid. A reduction in the bubble size to within the range described herein substantially reduces the buoyancy and hence the ability of the bubble to rise to the surface before complete dissolution takes place.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
EP95301776A 1994-05-04 1995-03-16 Gasauflösung in Flüssigkeiten Ceased EP0680779A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9408816A GB9408816D0 (en) 1994-05-04 1994-05-04 Gas dissolution in liquids
GB9408816 1994-05-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0680779A1 true EP0680779A1 (de) 1995-11-08

Family

ID=10754528

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95301776A Ceased EP0680779A1 (de) 1994-05-04 1995-03-16 Gasauflösung in Flüssigkeiten

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0680779A1 (de)
AU (1) AU705492B2 (de)
CZ (1) CZ103895A3 (de)
GB (1) GB9408816D0 (de)
HU (1) HUH3847A (de)
PL (1) PL177153B1 (de)
SK (1) SK46795A3 (de)
ZA (1) ZA953513B (de)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1998001394A1 (fr) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-15 Eric Cordemans De Meulenaer Dispositif et procede de traitement d'un milieu liquide
US6627784B2 (en) * 2000-05-17 2003-09-30 Hydro Dynamics, Inc. Highly efficient method of mixing dissimilar fluids using mechanically induced cavitation
US7048863B2 (en) 2003-07-08 2006-05-23 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating cutting fluids using ultrasound
EP1685893A1 (de) * 2004-12-09 2006-08-02 Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Würdig Einrichtung zur Anreicherung flüssiger Medien mit Gas
WO2008080618A1 (de) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-10 Ultrasonic Systems Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur behandlung einer flüssigkeit
US7448859B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2008-11-11 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Devices and method for treating cooling fluids utilized in tire manufacturing
US7632413B2 (en) 2002-11-04 2009-12-15 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Process for treating a liquid medium using ultrasound
WO2010064059A2 (en) 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 Bay Zoltán Alkalmazott Kutatási Közalapítvány Method of producing a metal foam by oscillations and thus obtained metal foam product
US7771582B2 (en) 2003-05-19 2010-08-10 Hydro Dnamics, Inc. Method and apparatus for conducting a chemical reaction in the presence of cavitation and an electrical current
WO2011000449A1 (de) * 2009-06-29 2011-01-06 Khs Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anreichern und insbesondere sättigen einer flüssigkeit mit einem gas
KR101056685B1 (ko) * 2010-12-23 2011-08-12 주식회사 엘엔에이치환경기술공사 기체상 악취 및 액체상 악취 겸용 악취제거장치
US8430968B2 (en) 2008-01-22 2013-04-30 Hydro Dynamics, Inc. Method of extracting starches and sugar from biological material using controlled cavitation
US8465642B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2013-06-18 Hydro Dynamics, Inc. Method and apparatus for separating impurities from a liquid stream by electrically generated gas bubbles
US9102553B2 (en) 2004-06-23 2015-08-11 Solenis Technologies, L.P. Devices and methods for treating fluids utilized in electrocoating processes with ultrasound
WO2016202493A1 (de) * 2015-06-19 2016-12-22 Krones Ag Verfahren zum reinigen von behältern und/oder behältergebinden und reinigungsvorrichtung
WO2017125753A1 (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-27 Oxford University Innovation Limited Method and apparatus for generating bubbles
CN109865469A (zh) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-11 天津发洋环保科技有限公司 一种生产光触媒的混合装置
CN109912056A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2019-06-21 河南迪诺环保科技股份有限公司 一种高效富氧气泡机
CN110237794A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-09-17 戚律 超声强化射流式反应器
CN113457597A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-10-01 中石化南京化工研究院有限公司 一种超声微气泡管式气液反应装置
IL282894A (en) * 2021-05-03 2022-12-01 5G Tobacco Labs Ltd Sub-, super-, and ultrasonic forcing to melt and harvest smoke on the job

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56161824A (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-12-12 Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd Fine gas bubble generating apparatus utilizing resonance
US4433916A (en) * 1982-11-02 1984-02-28 Hall Mark N Acoustic resonator having transducer pairs excited with phase-displaced energy
SU1690837A1 (ru) * 1989-01-25 1991-11-15 Горьковский инженерно-строительный институт им.В.П.Чкалова Перемешивающее устройство
US5123433A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-06-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ultrasonic flow nozzle cleaning apparatus
DE4305660A1 (de) * 1993-02-24 1993-09-30 Stephan Mayer Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der Größenverteilungen von Gas- oder Flüssigkeitsblasen in einem flüssigen Medium

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5032027A (en) * 1989-10-19 1991-07-16 Heat Systems Incorporated Ultrasonic fluid processing method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS56161824A (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-12-12 Chiyoda Chem Eng & Constr Co Ltd Fine gas bubble generating apparatus utilizing resonance
US4433916A (en) * 1982-11-02 1984-02-28 Hall Mark N Acoustic resonator having transducer pairs excited with phase-displaced energy
SU1690837A1 (ru) * 1989-01-25 1991-11-15 Горьковский инженерно-строительный институт им.В.П.Чкалова Перемешивающее устройство
US5123433A (en) * 1989-05-24 1992-06-23 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Ultrasonic flow nozzle cleaning apparatus
DE4305660A1 (de) * 1993-02-24 1993-09-30 Stephan Mayer Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Steuerung der Größenverteilungen von Gas- oder Flüssigkeitsblasen in einem flüssigen Medium

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 6, no. 44 (C - 95)<922> 19 March 1982 (1982-03-19) *
SOVIET PATENTS ABSTRACTS Section Ch Week 9241, 25 November 1992 Derwent World Patents Index; Class D15, AN 92-338686 *

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6540922B1 (en) 1996-07-04 2003-04-01 Ashland, Inc. Method and device for treating a liquid medium
EP1310460A2 (de) * 1996-07-04 2003-05-14 Ashland Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Flüssigkeitsbehandlung
US6736979B2 (en) 1996-07-04 2004-05-18 Ashland, Inc. Device and process for treating a liquid medium
EP1310460A3 (de) * 1996-07-04 2005-11-16 Ashland Inc. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Flüssigkeitsbehandlung
US8097170B2 (en) 1996-07-04 2012-01-17 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Process for treating a liquid medium
WO1998001394A1 (fr) * 1996-07-04 1998-01-15 Eric Cordemans De Meulenaer Dispositif et procede de traitement d'un milieu liquide
US7267778B2 (en) 1996-07-04 2007-09-11 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating a liquid medium
US7718073B2 (en) 1996-07-04 2010-05-18 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating a liquid medium
US6627784B2 (en) * 2000-05-17 2003-09-30 Hydro Dynamics, Inc. Highly efficient method of mixing dissimilar fluids using mechanically induced cavitation
US7360755B2 (en) 2000-05-17 2008-04-22 Hydro Dynamics, Inc. Cavitation device with balanced hydrostatic pressure
US7632413B2 (en) 2002-11-04 2009-12-15 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Process for treating a liquid medium using ultrasound
US7771582B2 (en) 2003-05-19 2010-08-10 Hydro Dnamics, Inc. Method and apparatus for conducting a chemical reaction in the presence of cavitation and an electrical current
US7048863B2 (en) 2003-07-08 2006-05-23 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating cutting fluids using ultrasound
US7514009B2 (en) 2003-07-08 2009-04-07 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Devices and processes for use in ultrasound treatment
US7404906B2 (en) 2003-07-08 2008-07-29 Ashland Licensing & Intellectual Property Llc Device and process for treating cutting fluids using ultrasound
US9102553B2 (en) 2004-06-23 2015-08-11 Solenis Technologies, L.P. Devices and methods for treating fluids utilized in electrocoating processes with ultrasound
US7448859B2 (en) 2004-11-17 2008-11-11 Ashland Licensing And Intellectual Property Llc Devices and method for treating cooling fluids utilized in tire manufacturing
EP1685893A1 (de) * 2004-12-09 2006-08-02 Uwe Dipl.-Ing. Würdig Einrichtung zur Anreicherung flüssiger Medien mit Gas
WO2008080618A1 (de) * 2006-12-28 2008-07-10 Ultrasonic Systems Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zur behandlung einer flüssigkeit
AU2007341626B2 (en) * 2006-12-28 2012-01-19 Ultrasonic Systems Gmbh Method and device for treating a liquid
US8329043B2 (en) 2006-12-28 2012-12-11 Ultrasonic Systems Gmbh Method and device for treating a liquid
US8465642B2 (en) 2007-05-04 2013-06-18 Hydro Dynamics, Inc. Method and apparatus for separating impurities from a liquid stream by electrically generated gas bubbles
US8430968B2 (en) 2008-01-22 2013-04-30 Hydro Dynamics, Inc. Method of extracting starches and sugar from biological material using controlled cavitation
WO2010064059A2 (en) 2008-12-04 2010-06-10 Bay Zoltán Alkalmazott Kutatási Közalapítvány Method of producing a metal foam by oscillations and thus obtained metal foam product
US9168584B2 (en) 2008-12-04 2015-10-27 Bay Zoltan Alkalmazott Kutatasi Kozhasznu Nonprofit Kft. Method of producing a metal foam by oscillations and thus obtained metal foam product
WO2011000449A1 (de) * 2009-06-29 2011-01-06 Khs Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum anreichern und insbesondere sättigen einer flüssigkeit mit einem gas
KR101056685B1 (ko) * 2010-12-23 2011-08-12 주식회사 엘엔에이치환경기술공사 기체상 악취 및 액체상 악취 겸용 악취제거장치
WO2016202493A1 (de) * 2015-06-19 2016-12-22 Krones Ag Verfahren zum reinigen von behältern und/oder behältergebinden und reinigungsvorrichtung
US11007495B2 (en) 2016-01-20 2021-05-18 Oxford University Innovation Limited Method and apparatus for generating bubbles
WO2017125753A1 (en) * 2016-01-20 2017-07-27 Oxford University Innovation Limited Method and apparatus for generating bubbles
CN109865469A (zh) * 2017-12-04 2019-06-11 天津发洋环保科技有限公司 一种生产光触媒的混合装置
CN109912056A (zh) * 2019-04-30 2019-06-21 河南迪诺环保科技股份有限公司 一种高效富氧气泡机
CN110237794A (zh) * 2019-07-15 2019-09-17 戚律 超声强化射流式反应器
CN110237794B (zh) * 2019-07-15 2024-01-26 戚律 超声强化射流式反应器
IL282894A (en) * 2021-05-03 2022-12-01 5G Tobacco Labs Ltd Sub-, super-, and ultrasonic forcing to melt and harvest smoke on the job
WO2022234587A3 (en) * 2021-05-03 2023-02-09 Ilan Feferberg Fume harvesting and accumulation system, method and extract for dissolving in a tincture
IL282894B2 (en) * 2021-05-03 2023-04-01 5G Tobacco Labs Ltd Sub-, super-, and ultrasonic forcing to melt and harvest smoke on the job
CN113457597A (zh) * 2021-06-15 2021-10-01 中石化南京化工研究院有限公司 一种超声微气泡管式气液反应装置
CN113457597B (zh) * 2021-06-15 2023-09-19 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种超声微气泡管式气液反应装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU705492B2 (en) 1999-05-20
CZ103895A3 (en) 1996-01-17
SK46795A3 (en) 1996-02-07
HU9501272D0 (en) 1995-06-28
HUH3847A (hu) 1998-03-30
PL308456A1 (en) 1995-11-13
AU1641795A (en) 1995-11-09
ZA953513B (en) 1996-02-08
PL177153B1 (pl) 1999-09-30
GB9408816D0 (en) 1994-06-22

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