EP0677643B1 - Tunnel boring machine - Google Patents

Tunnel boring machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0677643B1
EP0677643B1 EP95890085A EP95890085A EP0677643B1 EP 0677643 B1 EP0677643 B1 EP 0677643B1 EP 95890085 A EP95890085 A EP 95890085A EP 95890085 A EP95890085 A EP 95890085A EP 0677643 B1 EP0677643 B1 EP 0677643B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tunnel
boring
tools
machine
axis
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95890085A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0677643A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dipl. Ing. Kogler
Günther Dipl. Ing. Koslowski
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Sandvik Mining and Construction GmbH
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Voest Alpine Bergtechnik GmbH
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Publication of EP0677643A1 publication Critical patent/EP0677643A1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/11Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines
    • E21D9/112Making by using boring or cutting machines with a rotary drilling-head cutting simultaneously the whole cross-section, i.e. full-face machines by means of one single rotary head or of concentric rotary heads
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/104Cutting tool fixtures
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1093Devices for supporting, advancing or orientating the machine or the tool-carrier

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tunnel boring machine or Pipe jacking machine for hard rock drilling with a die Rotating full cut drill head carrying drilling tools.
  • EP 520 909 A1 includes a tunnel boring machine a drill head in the form of a disc and a hollow shaft
  • the extension has become known, which is connected to two drives stands, whereby the drill head is rotated.
  • the drill head is in a ring joint over the shaft part, consisting of rings opposite an outer ring, which the Shield forms, stored.
  • the multi-ring joint consists of one or more rings that are not concentric with each other stand, whereby when the or the Inner rings opposite the inner ring of the shield and the drill head shaft the axis of rotation of the drill head in any eccentric position to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel can. This measure is particularly advantageous if wear of the drill bits is to be compensated for or a Overlap is needed around the tunnel boring machine and the Insert the drill head into the curvature.
  • the invention now aims to set up a device mentioned type to the extent that without mechanical additional facilities the entire face can be dismantled and withdrawn if necessary can be done from the tunnel tube without digging.
  • the drill according to the invention or Tunneling machine of the type mentioned at the outset essentially in that the drill head and the enveloping circle of the tools unite Have diameter that is smaller than the diameter the bore and that the geometric axis of the enveloping circle Tools of the full cut drilling head relative to the axis of rotation eccentrically arranged or displaceable.
  • the geometrical The axis of the full cut drill head is defined here through the enveloping circle of the tools on the full cut drilling head, and a rotation of such a drill head about an axis of rotation, which is different from the geometric axis, leads to the fact that a larger cross section can be reduced, than this corresponds to the cross section of the full cut drill head alone would.
  • a configuration allows by simply relocating the full cut drill head To take position in which one Pull out the drill head and the entire tunnel boring machine also with existing extensions or pipework or Convergence is easily possible.
  • the tunnel boring machine according to the invention or Pipe jacking machine developed so that the drill head a Has carrier disc on which hard rock tools such e.g. Disks are arranged, their radial distance from each other taking into account the eccentricity of the enveloping circle the disks to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel or to the axis of rotation are selected in this way is that the cutting line distances to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel larger radius are smaller than on a smaller one Radius.
  • Discs or roller chisels are ideal for this as hard rock tools, with a corresponding Arrangement on the drill head with smaller ones on a larger radius Cutting line spacing a safe machining with simultaneous Reduction of the radial force components and the results in off-center loading of the drill head.
  • the order the drilling tools lead to an eccentric envelope which is smaller than the raw diameter of the tunnel tube, when using a carrier plate for drilling tools this can be arranged as usual centrally to the drill head, so that Jamming of larger, detached rocks can be avoided.
  • the arrangement of the individual disks in in a way that an enveloping circle of the entire drilling tool is eccentric to the pipe axis allows the dismantling of the desired clearance over the actual diameter of the Drilling tool or drill head.
  • the training is advantageous to reduce wear hit that the tools are relative to the axis of the drill head arranged asymmetrically, especially along a spiral are, the disks in a particularly advantageous manner larger diameter flatter to the working face than on a smaller diameter. Both of these measures minimize wear and thus reduce the required Maintenance effort and are particularly related with the eccentricity provided according to the invention Cutting movement particularly advantageous.
  • the training can be taken with advantage so that the Tunnel boring machine via sliding or movable supports is supported in the tunnel tube.
  • a movable one Support can take place via a self-propulsion and for example in the form of crawler tracks.
  • Such movable supports are separate from the to provide actual spreading in the tunnel tube with which is basically a step under the respective solution one of the two spreading and advancing or pulling the other spread is possible.
  • the tunnel boring machine according to the invention or Pipe jacking machine developed so that the drill head by rotating the carrier disk relative to the axis of rotation the drive can be pivoted into a position in which the outer contour of the carrier disc and the drilling tools inside the projection of the clear diameter of the removed or piped tunnel on the face. in principle describe the individual disks according to their orientation a circular movement relative to the desired tunnel axis over the face.
  • the drill head in one bring certain, predetermined rotational position and then the pivoting of the axis by means of a support relative to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel to withdraw to ensure.
  • the Training taken so that the axis of rotation of the drive of the drilling tools through the front or rear support the tunnel boring machine in the tunnel tube relative to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel is shiftable, the tunnel boring machine in a simple manner Movable on caterpillars or rails or wheels is trained and equipped with a travel drive can be.
  • a particularly favorable introduction of force with at the same time low Wear can be ensured that the Caliber tools on the carrier plate within a center angle of less than or equal to 90 ° are arranged.
  • the front and the rear vertical Outriggers are usually mandatory components a double braced hard rock machine, the Stepping occurs by actuating the double tension.
  • the elimination of an adjustment mechanism of the drilling tool is reduced the susceptibility to failure in harsh operating conditions in the hard rock driving.
  • Envelope circle can the drilling tool through the above construction measures by different arrangement of the disks can be optimized without this deteriorating the Possibilities, the tunnel boring machine or pipe jacking machine going back would bring with it.
  • the carrier plate or the drilling tool also deviates from the circular shape Have outline shape, so that by simply pivoting one Position can be taken in which the withdrawal is made possible.
  • FIG. 1 shows a side view of a tunnel boring machine in the extended position
  • Figure 2 is an enlarged Detailed view of the full cut head in working position
  • 3 is a front view of a full cut drilling head in the working position
  • 4 shows a drill head according to FIG. 3 in a raised position Position for retraction
  • Fig.5 another embodiment a drill head with a different arrangement of the caliber tools 6 in the working position and a transport position for the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the one shown in FIG Section line II / II essentially with the illustration according to Fig. 2.
  • Fig.1 there are disks 1 to 18, of which the simplicity only discs 8 and 18 are shown, with one Drill head 19 can be seen connected.
  • the drill head 19 is from a geared motor 20 rotatable about an axis of rotation 21 driven, the axis of rotation 21 for propulsion in a position is pivoted which is the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel equivalent.
  • the lifting via a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 23 of a movable support shoe 24 can retract while maintaining a free space 25 of the tool from the working position.
  • the side supports 26 and 27 are retracted, which together with hydraulic cylinder piston units 28 form a walking mechanism.
  • a rear support 29 is provided, which also sliding or with its own drive and a crawler track can be designed to be movable.
  • a conveyor 30 which to subsequent conveying means 32 in the tunnel tube 31 yields.
  • FIG. 2 In the illustration according to FIG. 2 is again a caliber tool 18 and a central disc 1 on the drill head 19 can be seen.
  • the axis of rotation 21 coincides with the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel together and the hard rock drilling head is in his Working position.
  • the cut material over baffles 33 is transferred to the conveyor 30 and removed can be.
  • the drill head is located with disks 1 to 18 in the working position, and the axis of rotation 21 coincides with the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel.
  • the axis of rotation 21 coincides with the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel.
  • the cutting line distances are here, as from the 3 to 6 can be seen, chosen so that in the outer area due to a much flatter position of the drilling tools a significantly smaller cutting line distance was maintained will than in the central area of the bore.
  • the cutting rollers are asymmetrical arranged to optimize for radial forces to surrender.
  • the drill head instructs of the carrier plate, the grazing tools 36, the grazing edges 37 are arranged within the enveloping circle 35.
  • These digging tools can optionally be rigidly connected to the carrier plate be, or for the procedure from inside the tunnel tube of the enveloping circle can be designed to be foldable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Tunnelbohrmaschine bzw. Rohrvortriebsmaschine für Hartgesteinsbohrungen mit einem die Bohrwerkzeuge tragenden, rotierbar gelagerten Vollschnittbohrkopf.The invention relates to a tunnel boring machine or Pipe jacking machine for hard rock drilling with a die Rotating full cut drill head carrying drilling tools.

Vor allem bei nicht begehbaren Tunnelquerschnitten konnten bisher Reparaturen an einer Tunnelbohrmaschine in der Regel nur dann durchgeführt werden, wenn die Tunnelbohrmaschine durch eine zusätzliche Grabung zuganglich gemacht wurde. Ein Heraustransport der Tunnelbohrmaschine aus einer Tunnelröhre ist insbesondere dann, wenn gebirgssichernde Maßnahmen wie Tübbinge oder ein Stahlringausbau erforderlich sind, nicht ohne weiteres möglich, da es nicht immer möglich ist, die Bohrmaschine durch derartige Querschnittsverengungen zurückzuziehen. Bei erhöhtem Gebirgsdruck können durch Konvergenzen Verengungen im Tunnelquerschnitt entstehen, welche gleichfalls ein Zurückziehen der Tunnelbohrmaschine erschweren.Above all with tunnel sections that are not accessible So far, repairs to a tunnel boring machine usually only be carried out when the tunnel boring machine was made accessible by an additional excavation. On Transporting the tunnel boring machine out of a tunnel tube is particularly important when mountain protection measures such as Tubbings or a steel ring expansion are not required easily possible since it is not always possible to use the To withdraw the drill through such cross-sectional constrictions. With increased rock pressure, due to convergence Constrictions in the tunnel cross section arise, which also it is difficult to withdraw the tunnel boring machine.

Für weiches Gestein ist es bekannt, bei kleineren, insbesondere nicht begehbaren Tunnelquerschnitten den Bohrkopf durch mechanische Vorrichtungen in Teilbereichen einzuklappen oder den Querschnitt zu verkleinern. Generell handelt es sich hiebei in der Regel um Teilschnittwerkzeuge, und es sind unterschiedliche Verstellmechanismen, beispielsweise der US-PS 5 104 262, der DE-OS 3 140 203 und der DE-PS 3 219 362 zu entnehmen. Der EP-B1 169 393 ist ein allseits schwenkbarer Schrämkopf zu entnehmen, welcher in einem Rahmen in Langsrichtung der Tunnelröhre verfahren werden kann, wobei diese Ausgestaltung wiederum eine Teilschnittmaschine betrifft. Alle bekannten Einrichtungen, bei welchen die Werkzeuge schwenkbar oder gemeinsam mit einem Schramkopf in geeignete Position gebracht werden können, bieten insbesondere für das Schneiden von hartem Gestein den Nachteil, daß die zusätzlichen mechanischen Vorrichtungen hohen Belastungen ausgesetzt werden und daher zusätzliche Reparaturanfälligkeit mit sich bringen. Im übrigen ist vor allem beim Schneiden von hartem Gestein der Einsatz von Vollschnittbohrköpfen wesentlich vorteilhafter, und für derartige Vollschnittbohrköpfe bestand bisher nur die Möglichkeit, die Abbaueinheit derart zu bergen, daß sie von der Oberfläche des zu unterbohrenden Streckenabschnittes her freigegraben wird.It is known for soft rock, especially for smaller ones inaccessible tunnel cross sections the drill head by mechanical Fold devices in sections or the Reduce cross section. Generally it is in usually part cutting tools and they are different Adjustment mechanisms, for example US Pat. No. 5,104,262, DE-OS 3 140 203 and DE-PS 3 219 362. The EP-B1 169 393 shows a cutting head which can be pivoted on all sides, which in a frame in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel tube can be moved, this embodiment in turn relates to a partial cutting machine. All known facilities where the tools can be swiveled or together be brought into a suitable position with a scraper can offer, especially for cutting hard rock the disadvantage that the additional mechanical devices exposed to high loads and therefore additional Bring susceptibility to repairs. For the rest is especially when cutting hard rock Full cut drilling heads much more advantageous, and for such Until now, full-cut drilling heads only offered the possibility to recover the mining unit so that it is from the surface of the section of track to be drilled out becomes.

Aus der EP 520 909 A1 ist eine Tunnelvortriebsmaschine mit einem Bohrkopf in Form einer Scheibe und einem hohlwellenförmigen Fortsatz bekanntgeworden, der mit zwei Antrieben in Verbindung steht, wodurch der Bohrkopf in Rotation versetzt wird. Der Bohrkopf ist über den Wellenteil in einem Ringgelenk, bestehend aus Ringen gegenüber einem Außenring, welcher das Schild bildet, gelagert. Das Mehrringgelenk besteht hiebei aus einem oder mehreren Ringen, welche nicht konzentrisch zueinander stehen, wodurch bei gegenseitigem Verdrehen des bzw. der Innenringe gegenüber dem Innenring des Schildes und der Bohrkopfwelle die Rotationsachse des Bohrkopfes in beliebig exzentrische Stellung zur Tunnellängsachse gebracht werden kann. Diese Maßnahme ist insbesondere dann vorteilhaft, wenn die Abnutzung der Bohrmeißel kompensiert werden soll bzw. ein Überschnitt von Nöten ist, um die Tunnelbohrmaschine und den Bohrkopf in die Wölbung einzubringen.EP 520 909 A1 includes a tunnel boring machine a drill head in the form of a disc and a hollow shaft The extension has become known, which is connected to two drives stands, whereby the drill head is rotated. The drill head is in a ring joint over the shaft part, consisting of rings opposite an outer ring, which the Shield forms, stored. The multi-ring joint consists of one or more rings that are not concentric with each other stand, whereby when the or the Inner rings opposite the inner ring of the shield and the drill head shaft the axis of rotation of the drill head in any eccentric position to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel can. This measure is particularly advantageous if wear of the drill bits is to be compensated for or a Overlap is needed around the tunnel boring machine and the Insert the drill head into the curvature.

Die Erfindung zielt nun darauf ab, eine Einrichtung der eingangs genannten Art dahingehend weiterzubilden, daß ohne mechanische zusätzliche Einrichtungen die gesamte Ortsbrust abgebaut werden kann und erforderlichenfalls ein Zurückziehen aus der Tunnelröhre ohne Freigraben erfolgen kann. Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht die erfindungsgemäße Bohrmaschine bzw. Vortriebsmaschine der eingangs genannten Art im wesentlichen darin, daß der Bohrkopf und der Hüllkreis der Werkzeuge einen Durchmesser aufweisen, welcher kleiner ist als der Durchmesser der Bohrung und daß die geometrische Achse des Hüllkreises der Werkzeuge des Vollschnittbohrkopfes relativ zur Rotationsachse exzentrisch angeordnet oder verlagerbar ist. Dadurch, daß ein Vollschnittbohrkopf zum Einsatz gelangt, welcher in einer Weise relativ zur Rotationsachse bzw. zur Tunnellängsachse bewegt wird, daß ein relativ großer Querschnitt ohne zusätzliche mechanisch ausfahrbare Schneidwerkzeuge abgebaut werden kann, wird nun gleichzeitig die Möglichkeit geschaffen, durch bloße Verlagerung der Rotationsachse eine Position einzunehmen, in welcher der Bohrkopf durch die Tunnelröhre wiederum zurückgezogen werden kann, wofür es genügt, die Position des Bohrkopfes relativ zur Tunnellängsachse zu verlagern. Die geometrische Achse des Vollschnittbohrkopfes ist hiebei definiert durch den Hüllkreis der Werkzeuge am Vollschnittbohrkopf, und eine Rotation eines derartigen Bohrkopfes um eine Rotationsachse, welche von der geometrischen Achse verschieden ist, führt dazu, daß ein größerer Querschnitt abgebaut werden kann, als dies dem Querschnitt des Vollschnittbohrkopfes allein entsprechen würde. Umgekehrt erlaubt eine derartige Ausgestaltung durch einfache Verlagerung des Vollschnittbohrkopfes eine Position einzunehmen, in welcher ein Herausziehen des Bohrkopfes und der gesamten Tunnelbohrmaschine auch bei bestehenden Ausbauten oder einer Verrohrung oder Konvergenzen ohne weiteres möglich ist.The invention now aims to set up a device mentioned type to the extent that without mechanical additional facilities the entire face can be dismantled and withdrawn if necessary can be done from the tunnel tube without digging. To the solution the drill according to the invention or Tunneling machine of the type mentioned at the outset essentially in that the drill head and the enveloping circle of the tools unite Have diameter that is smaller than the diameter the bore and that the geometric axis of the enveloping circle Tools of the full cut drilling head relative to the axis of rotation eccentrically arranged or displaceable. The fact that a Full cut drilling head is used, which in one Way relative to the axis of rotation or the longitudinal axis of the tunnel is moved that a relatively large cross section without additional mechanically extendable cutting tools are dismantled can, the possibility is created at the same time through just shifting the axis of rotation to take a position in which the drill head in turn through the tunnel tube can be withdrawn, for which it is sufficient to change the position of the To shift the drill head relative to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel. The geometrical The axis of the full cut drill head is defined here through the enveloping circle of the tools on the full cut drilling head, and a rotation of such a drill head about an axis of rotation, which is different from the geometric axis, leads to the fact that a larger cross section can be reduced, than this corresponds to the cross section of the full cut drill head alone would. Conversely, such a configuration allows by simply relocating the full cut drill head To take position in which one Pull out the drill head and the entire tunnel boring machine also with existing extensions or pipework or Convergence is easily possible.

Mit Vorteil ist die erfindungsgemäße Tunnelbohrmaschine bzw. Rohrvortriebsmaschine so weitergebildet, daß der Bohrkopf eine Trägerscheibe aufweist, auf welcher Hartgesteinswerkzeuge wie z.B. Disken angeordnet sind, deren radialer Abstand voneinander unter Berücksichtigung der Exzentrizität des Hüllkreises der Disken zur Tunnellängsachse bzw. zur Rotationsachse so gewählt ist, daß die Schneidlinienabstande auf zur Tunnellängsachse größerem Radius voneinander kleiner sind als auf kleinerem Radius. Disken bzw. Rollenmeißel eignen sich hiebei hervorragend als Hartgesteinswerkzeuge, wobei eine entsprechende Anordnung am Bohrkopf mit auf größerem Radius kleineren Schneidlinienabständen eine sichere Zerspanung bei gleichzeitiger Verringerung der Radialkraftkomponenten und der außermittigen Belastung des Bohrkopfes ergibt. Die Anordnung der Bohrwerkzeuge führt hiebei zu einem außermittigen Hüllkreis, der kleiner ist als der Rohdurchmesser der Tunnelröhre, wobei bei Verwendung einer Trägerplatte für Bohrwerkzeuge diese wie üblich zentrisch zum Bohrkopf angeordnet sein kann, sodaß Verklemmungen von größeren, herausgelösten Gesteinsbrocken vermieden werden können. Die Anordnung der einzelnen Disken in einer Weise, daß ein Hüllkreis des gesamten Bohrwerkzeuges exzentrisch zur Rohrachse entsteht, erlaubt hiebei den Abbau des gewünschten Freiraumes über den eigentlichen Durchmesser des Bohrwerkzeuges bzw. Bohrkopfes hinaus.The tunnel boring machine according to the invention or Pipe jacking machine developed so that the drill head a Has carrier disc on which hard rock tools such e.g. Disks are arranged, their radial distance from each other taking into account the eccentricity of the enveloping circle the disks to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel or to the axis of rotation are selected in this way is that the cutting line distances to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel larger radius are smaller than on a smaller one Radius. Discs or roller chisels are ideal for this as hard rock tools, with a corresponding Arrangement on the drill head with smaller ones on a larger radius Cutting line spacing a safe machining with simultaneous Reduction of the radial force components and the results in off-center loading of the drill head. The order the drilling tools lead to an eccentric envelope, which is smaller than the raw diameter of the tunnel tube, when using a carrier plate for drilling tools this can be arranged as usual centrally to the drill head, so that Jamming of larger, detached rocks can be avoided. The arrangement of the individual disks in in a way that an enveloping circle of the entire drilling tool is eccentric to the pipe axis allows the dismantling of the desired clearance over the actual diameter of the Drilling tool or drill head.

Um die Radialkraftkomponenten weiter zu minimieren und den Verschleiß herabzusetzen, ist mit Vorteil die Ausbildung so getroffen, daß die Werkzeuge relativ zur Achse des Bohrkopfes asymmetrisch, insbesondere entlang einer Spirale angeordnet sind, wobei in besonders vorteilhafter Weise die Disken auf größerem Durchmesser flacher zur Ortsbrust geneigt angeordnet sind als auf kleinerem Durchmesser. Beide dieser Maßnahmen minimieren den Verschleiß und verringern damit den erforderlichen Wartungsaufwand und sind insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Exzentrizität der Schneidbewegung besonders vorteilhaft.To further minimize the radial force components and the The training is advantageous to reduce wear hit that the tools are relative to the axis of the drill head arranged asymmetrically, especially along a spiral are, the disks in a particularly advantageous manner larger diameter flatter to the working face than on a smaller diameter. Both of these measures minimize wear and thus reduce the required Maintenance effort and are particularly related with the eccentricity provided according to the invention Cutting movement particularly advantageous.

Um ein einfaches Zurückziehen und Herausverfahren der Tunnelbohrmaschine bzw. der Rohrvortriebsmaschine zu gewährleisten kann die Ausbildung mit Vorteil so getroffen sein, daß die Tunnelvortriebsmaschine über gleitende oder verfahrbare Abstützungen in der Tunnelröhre abgestützt ist. Eine verfahrbare Abstützung kann hiebei über einen Eigenantrieb erfolgen und beispielsweise in Form von Raupenfahrwerken ausgebildet sein. Derartig verfahrbare Abstützungen sind gesondert von den eigentlichen Verspreizungen in der Tunnelröhre vorzusehen, mit welchen prinzipiell ein Schreiten unter jeweiliger Lösung einer der beiden Verspreizungen und Vorschieben oder Nachziehen der jeweils anderen Spreize möglich ist. Bei zurückgezogener Verspreizung und damit einer Lösung der Verankerung in der Tunnelröhre kann mit einer derartigen verfahrbaren Abstützung und insbesondere mit einem Raupenfahrwerk ein wesentlich rascherer Zurückzug der Tunnelbohrmaschine vorgenommen werden, als dies mit einem Schreiten möglich wäre. Im übrigen wird mit einer derartigen gleitenden oder verfahrbaren Abstützung die Innenwand der Tunnelröhre beim Zurückziehen geschont.For easy retraction and removal of the tunnel boring machine or to ensure the pipe jacking machine the training can be taken with advantage so that the Tunnel boring machine via sliding or movable supports is supported in the tunnel tube. A movable one Support can take place via a self-propulsion and for example in the form of crawler tracks. Such movable supports are separate from the to provide actual spreading in the tunnel tube with which is basically a step under the respective solution one of the two spreading and advancing or pulling the other spread is possible. With withdrawn Spreading and thus a solution to the anchoring in the Tunnel tube can be used with such a movable support and in particular with a crawler chassis an essential the tunnel boring machine can be withdrawn more quickly, than would be possible with walking. Otherwise with such a sliding or movable support Protected inside wall of the tunnel tube when pulling back.

Mit Vorteil ist die erfindungsgemäße Tunnelbohrmaschine bzw. Rohrvortriebsmaschine so weitergebildet, daß der Bohrkopf durch Verdrehen der Trägerscheibe relativ zur Rotationsachse des Antriebes in eine Position verschwenkbar ist, in welcher die Außenkontur der Trägerscheibe und der Bohrwerkzeuge innerhalb der Projektion des lichten Durchmessers der ausgebauten oder verrohrten Tunnelröhre auf die Ortbrust liegt. Prinzipiell beschreiben die einzelnen Disken nach ihrer Ausrichtung relativ zur gewünschten Tunnelachse eine kreisförmige Bewegung über die Ortsbrust. Durch Verschwenken des Bohrkopfes nach Art eines Exzenters relativ zum Bohrkopfantrieb kann nun ein Einklappen bewirkt werden, wodurch ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen unmittelbar ein Zurückfahren der Tunnelbohrmaschine ermöglicht wird. Prinzipiell genügt es aber zumeist, den Bohrkopf in eine bestimmte, vorgegebene Drehstellung zu bringen und anschließend mittels einer Abstützung die Verschwenkung der Achse relativ zur Tunnellängsachse vorzunehmen, um ein Zurückziehen zu gewahrleisten. Zu diesem Zweck ist mit Vorteil die Ausbildung so getroffen, daß die Rotationsachse des Antriebes der Bohrwerkzeuge durch die vordere bzw. hintere Abstützung der Tunnelbohrmaschine in der Tunnelröhre relativ zur Tunnellängsachse verlagerbar ist, wobei in einfacher Weise die Tunnelbohrmaschine auf Raupen oder Schienen oder Rädern verfahrbar ausgebildet ist und mit einem Fahrantrieb ausgestattet sein kann.The tunnel boring machine according to the invention or Pipe jacking machine developed so that the drill head by rotating the carrier disk relative to the axis of rotation the drive can be pivoted into a position in which the outer contour of the carrier disc and the drilling tools inside the projection of the clear diameter of the removed or piped tunnel on the face. in principle describe the individual disks according to their orientation a circular movement relative to the desired tunnel axis over the face. By swiveling the drill head according to Art an eccentric relative to the drill head drive can now Collapse can be effected, which means without additional measures immediately allows the tunnel boring machine to move back becomes. In principle, however, it is usually sufficient to place the drill head in one bring certain, predetermined rotational position and then the pivoting of the axis by means of a support relative to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel to withdraw to ensure. For this purpose, the Training taken so that the axis of rotation of the drive of the drilling tools through the front or rear support the tunnel boring machine in the tunnel tube relative to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel is shiftable, the tunnel boring machine in a simple manner Movable on caterpillars or rails or wheels is trained and equipped with a travel drive can be.

Eine besonders günstige Krafteinleitung bei gleichzeitig geringem Verschleiß läßt sich dadurch gewährleisten, daß die Kaliberwerkzeuge an der Trägerplatte innerhalb eines Zentriwinkels von kleiner oder gleich 90° angeordnet sind.A particularly favorable introduction of force with at the same time low Wear can be ensured that the Caliber tools on the carrier plate within a center angle of less than or equal to 90 ° are arranged.

Insgesamt sind mit der erfindungsgemäßen Einrichtung keine gesonderten Einrichtungen zur Querschnittsverkleinerung des Bohrwerkzeuges erforderlich. Die vordere und die hintere vertikale Abstützungen sind in der Regel zwingende Bestandteile einer doppelt verspannten Hartgesteinsmaschine, wobei das Schreiten durch Betatigen der doppelten Verspannung erfolgt. Der Wegfall eines Verstellmechanismus des Bohrwerkzeuges verringert die Störanfälligkeit bei rauhen Betriebsbedingungen im harten Gesteinsvortrieb. Innerhalb des jeweils zu erreichenden Hüllkreises kann das Bohrwerkzeug durch die oben angeführten baulichen Maßnahmen durch unterschiedliche Anordnung der Disken optimiert werden, ohne daß dies eine Verschlechterung der Möglichkeiten, die Tunnelbohrmaschine bzw. Rohrvortriebsmaschine zurückzufahren, mit sich bringen würde. Für ein exaktes Freistellen des Bohrwerkzeuges ist es lediglich erforderlich, vor der Rückstellung in die Parkposition die richtige Lage der Bohrwerkzeuge einzustellen. Prinzipiell kann die Trägerplatte bzw. das Bohrwerkzeug auch eine von der Kreisform abweichende Umrißform aufweisen, sodaß durch einfaches Verschwenken eine Position eingenommen werden kann, in welcher das Zurückziehen ermöglicht wird.Overall, there are no separate devices with the device according to the invention Facilities for reducing the cross section of the Drilling tool required. The front and the rear vertical Outriggers are usually mandatory components a double braced hard rock machine, the Stepping occurs by actuating the double tension. The elimination of an adjustment mechanism of the drilling tool is reduced the susceptibility to failure in harsh operating conditions in the hard rock driving. Within the to be achieved in each case Envelope circle can the drilling tool through the above construction measures by different arrangement of the disks can be optimized without this deteriorating the Possibilities, the tunnel boring machine or pipe jacking machine going back would bring with it. For an exact It is only necessary to free the drilling tool before returning to the parking position the correct position of the Adjust drilling tools. In principle, the carrier plate or the drilling tool also deviates from the circular shape Have outline shape, so that by simply pivoting one Position can be taken in which the withdrawal is made possible.

Eine sichere Materialaufnahme und Verfahrbarkeit aus der Tunnelröhre ist dadurch gewährleistet, daß der Bohrkopf Schürfwerkzeuge an der Trägerplatte aufweist, deren Schürfkanten innerhalb des Hüllkreises der Bohrwerkzeuge starr bzw. innerhalb des Hüllkreises zurückziehbar angeordnet sind.Safe material pick-up and mobility from the tunnel tube is ensured by the fact that the drill head is used for scraping tools has on the support plate, the scraping edges within of the enveloping circle of the drilling tools rigid or within of the enveloping circle are arranged retractable.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand von in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. In dieser zeigen Fig.1 eine Seitenansicht einer Tunnelvortriebsmaschine in der Ausfahrposition, Fig.2 eine vergrößerte Detailansicht des Vollschnittkopfes in Arbeitsposition, Fig.3 eine Vorderansicht eines Vollschnittbohrkopfes in Arbeitsposition, Fig.4 einen Bohrkopf nach Fig.3 in angehobener Position für das Zurückziehen, Fig.5 eine weitere Ausgestaltung eines Bohrkopfes mit geänderter Anordnung der Kaliberwerkzeuge in der Arbeitsposition und Fig.6 eine Transportposition für die Ausführung nach Fig.5, wobei die in Fig.5 eingezeichnete Schnittlinie II/II im wesentlichen mit der Darstellung nach Fig.2 übereinstimmt.The invention is described below with reference to the drawing schematically illustrated embodiments. 1 shows a side view of a tunnel boring machine in the extended position, Figure 2 is an enlarged Detailed view of the full cut head in working position, 3 is a front view of a full cut drilling head in the working position, 4 shows a drill head according to FIG. 3 in a raised position Position for retraction, Fig.5 another embodiment a drill head with a different arrangement of the caliber tools 6 in the working position and a transport position for the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the one shown in FIG Section line II / II essentially with the illustration according to Fig. 2.

In Fig.1 sind Disken 1 bis 18, von welchen der Einfachheit halber nur die Disken 8 und 18 eingezeichnet sind, mit einem Bohrkopf 19 verbunden ersichtlich. Der Bohrkopf 19 wird von einem Getriebemotor 20 um eine Rotationsachse 21 rotierbar angetrieben, wobei die Rotationsachse 21 für den Vortrieb in eine Position verschwenkt wird, welche der Tunnellängsachse 22 entspricht. In der in Fig.1 dargestellten angehobenen Position, bei welcher die Anhebung über ein hydraulisches Zylinderkolbenaggregat 23 eines verfahrbaren Stützschuhes 24 erfolgt, kann unter Einhaltung eines Freiraumes 25 ein Zurückziehen des Werkzeuges aus der Arbeitsstellung bewirkt werden. Zu diesem Zweck müssen die seitlichen Abstützungen 26 und 27 eingefahren werden, welche gemeinsam mit hydraulischen zylinderkolbenaggregaten 28 ein Schreitwerk ausbilden. Weiters ist eine hintere Abstützung 29 vorgesehen, welche gleichfalls gleitend oder aber mit einem eigenen Antrieb und einem Raupenfahrwerk verfahrbar ausgebildet sein kann. Am Hinterende der Tunnelvortriebsmaschine ist ein Förderer 30 ersichtlich, welcher auf in der Tunnelröhre 31 nachfolgende Fördermittel 32 abwirft.In Fig.1 there are disks 1 to 18, of which the simplicity only discs 8 and 18 are shown, with one Drill head 19 can be seen connected. The drill head 19 is from a geared motor 20 rotatable about an axis of rotation 21 driven, the axis of rotation 21 for propulsion in a position is pivoted which is the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel equivalent. In the raised position shown in Figure 1, in which the lifting via a hydraulic cylinder-piston unit 23 of a movable support shoe 24, can retract while maintaining a free space 25 of the tool from the working position. For this purpose, the side supports 26 and 27 are retracted, which together with hydraulic cylinder piston units 28 form a walking mechanism. Furthermore is a rear support 29 is provided, which also sliding or with its own drive and a crawler track can be designed to be movable. At the back of the A tunneling machine shows a conveyor 30 which to subsequent conveying means 32 in the tunnel tube 31 yields.

Bei der Darstellung nach Fig.2 ist wiederum ein Kaliberwerkzeug 18 und eine zentrale Diske 1 am Bohrkopf 19 ersichtlich. Die Rotationsachse 21 fällt hier mit der Tunnellängsachse 22 zusammen und der Hartgesteinsbohrkopf befindet sich in seiner Arbeitsstellung. Bei Rotation um die Achse 21 wird mit den Kaliberwerkzeugen 18 aufgrund der exzentrischen Anordnung der Abbauwerkzeuge relativ zur Rotationsachse 21 ein großer freier Raum geschnitten, wobei das geschnittene Material über Leitbleche 33 auf den Förderer 30 übergeben wird und abgefördert werden kann.In the illustration according to FIG. 2 is again a caliber tool 18 and a central disc 1 on the drill head 19 can be seen. The axis of rotation 21 coincides with the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel together and the hard rock drilling head is in his Working position. When rotating about the axis 21 with the Caliber tools 18 due to the eccentric arrangement of the Mining tools relative to the axis of rotation 21 a large free Space cut, the cut material over baffles 33 is transferred to the conveyor 30 and removed can be.

Die konkrete Anordnung von Disken an einem Hartgesteinsschneidkopf mit einer Trägerplatte 34 ist in den Fig.3 bis 6 näher erläutert. In den Fig.3 bis 6 sind die Disken ausgehend vom Zentrum bis zu den äußeren Kaliberwerkzeugen mit 1 bis 18 bezeichnet, wobei weiters ersichtlich ist, daß auf größerem Durchmesser liegende Disken zur Ortsbrust flacher geneigt angeordnet sind als auf kleinerem Durchmesser angeordnete Disken. Insbesondere die Kaliberwerkzeuge 11 bis 15 in Fig. 3 und 4 und 15 bis 18 in Fig. 5 und 6 sind hiebei auf einem relativ kleinen Zentriwinkel von kleiner als 90° angeordnet, sodaß gemeinsam mit der Schrägstellung dieser Disken Radialkräfte verringert werden können. Dies gilt im besonderen Maß für die Darstellung nach den Fig.5 und 6.The specific arrangement of disks on a hard rock cutting head with a support plate 34 is in Figures 3 to 6 explained in more detail. 3 to 6 the disks are starting from the center to the outer caliber tools with 1 to 18 referred to, it being further apparent that on a larger Discs with a diameter sloping towards the face are arranged as disks arranged on a smaller diameter. In particular, the caliber tools 11 to 15 in Fig. 3 and 4 and 15 to 18 in Figs. 5 and 6 are relative to one small central angle of less than 90 ° arranged so that together radial forces are reduced with the inclination of these disks can be. This applies in particular to the Representation according to Figures 5 and 6.

Bei der Darstellung nach Fig.3 befindet sich der Bohrkopf mit den Disken 1 bis 18 in der Arbeitsposition, und die Rotationsachse 21 fällt mit der Tunnellängsachse 22 zusammen. Aufgrund der asymmetrischen Anordnung der Disken wird eine relativ großer Kreis bestrichen und der Hüllkreis der Disken bei stationärer Betrachtung des Schneidkopfes 19 weist einen wesentlich geringeren Radius als die Bahnen der Bohrwerkzeuge bei Rotation des Schneidkopfes 19 um die Achse 21 auf. Bei einer Verlagerung der Rotationsachse 21 relativ zur Tunnellängsachse, wie dies in Fig.4 ersichtlich ist, ergibt sich, daß bedingt durch den geringeren Hüllkreis der am Schneidkopf 19 angeordneten Disken 1 bis 18 nunmehr eine Position eingenommen werden kann, bei welcher der Schneidkopf unter Sicherstellung des Freiraumes 25 durch die Tunnelröhre wiederum zurück ausgebracht werden kann.In the representation according to Fig. 3, the drill head is located with disks 1 to 18 in the working position, and the axis of rotation 21 coincides with the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel. by virtue of the asymmetrical arrangement of the disks becomes a relatively large one Brush the circle and the enveloping circle of the disks when stationary Consideration of the cutting head 19 is essential smaller radius than the paths of the drilling tools when rotating of the cutting head 19 about the axis 21. With a relocation the axis of rotation 21 relative to the longitudinal axis of the tunnel, such as this can be seen in Figure 4, it follows that due to the smaller envelope circle arranged on the cutting head 19 Discs 1 to 18 can now take a position in which the cutting head while ensuring the clearance 25 brought back through the tunnel tube can be.

Analoge Überlegungen gelten für die Darstellung in den Fig.5 und 6. Auch hier sind wiederum die Meißel 1 bis 18 relativ zum Hartgesteinsschneidkopf 19 auf wesentlich geringerem Durchmesser angeordnet als dies dem Durchmesser der Tunnelröhre entsprechen würde. Bei der Arbeitsposition gemäß Fig.5 werden die Kaliberwerkzeuge 15, 16, 17 und 18 auf einem größerem Bahndurchmesser bewegt. Wenn, wie in Fig.6 dargestellt, die Drehachse 21 relativ zur Tunnellängsachse 22 angehoben wird, befindet sich der größte Hüllkreis 35 der Bohrwerkzeuge 1 bis 18 innerhalb des lichten Querschnittes des Tunnels und unter Freilassen des Freiraumes 25 kann wiederum ein gefahrloser Rückzug des Schneidkopfes ohne Kollision mit der Tunnelröhre erfolgen. Die Schneidlinienabstände sind hiebei, wie aus den Fig.3 bis 6 ersichtlich, so gewählt, daß im äußerem Bereich durch eine wesentlich flachere Anstellung der Bohrwerkzeuge ein wesentlich geringerer Schneidlinienabstand eingehalten wird, als im zentralen Bereich der Bohrung. Abweichend von bekannten Hartgesteinsschneidköpfen sind die Schneidrollen asymmetrisch angeordnet, um bezüglich der Radialkräfte eine Optimierung zu ergeben.Analogous considerations apply to the representation in Fig. 5 and 6. Again, chisels 1 through 18 are relative to Hard rock cutting head 19 on a much smaller diameter arranged as this correspond to the diameter of the tunnel tube would. In the working position according to Fig. 5, the Caliber tools 15, 16, 17 and 18 on a larger web diameter emotional. If, as shown in Fig.6, the axis of rotation 21 is raised relative to the longitudinal axis 22 of the tunnel the largest enveloping circle 35 of the drilling tools 1 to 18 within the clear cross section of the tunnel and below Leaving the free space 25 can in turn be a safe one Withdrawal of the cutting head without colliding with the tunnel tube respectively. The cutting line distances are here, as from the 3 to 6 can be seen, chosen so that in the outer area due to a much flatter position of the drilling tools a significantly smaller cutting line distance was maintained will than in the central area of the bore. Deviating from known ones Hard stone cutting heads, the cutting rollers are asymmetrical arranged to optimize for radial forces to surrender.

Wie in Fig.5 und 6 näher dargestellt, weist der Bohrkopf an der Trägerplatte Schürfwerkzeuge 36 auf, deren Schürfkanten 37 innerhalb des Hüllkreises 35 angeordnet sind. Diese Schürfwerkzeuge können wahlweise starr mit der Trägerplatte verbunden sein, oder für das Verfahren aus der Tunnelröhre innerhalb des Hüllkreises einklappbar ausgebildet sein.As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the drill head instructs of the carrier plate, the grazing tools 36, the grazing edges 37 are arranged within the enveloping circle 35. These digging tools can optionally be rigidly connected to the carrier plate be, or for the procedure from inside the tunnel tube of the enveloping circle can be designed to be foldable.

Claims (10)

  1. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine for hard rock borings, comprising a rotationally mounted full thickness cut boring head (19) carrying the cutting tools (1-18), characterized in that the boring head (19) and the enveloping circle (35) of the cutting tools (1-18) have diameters that are smaller than the diameter of the bore and that the geometric axis of the enveloping circle (35) of the tools (1-18) of the full thickness cut boring head (19) is arranged eccentric, or displaceable, relative to the axis of rotation (21).
  2. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the boring head (19) comprises a carrier plate (34) on which hard rock tools (1-18) such as, e.g., discs are arranged, whose radial distances from one another, taking into account the eccentricity of the enveloping circle of the discs (1-18) of the boring head (19) relative to the longitudinal axis (22) of the tunnel, or axis of rotation (21), are chosen such that the relative cutting line distances on a radius larger in respect to the longitudinal axis (22) of the tunnel are smaller than on a smaller radius.
  3. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the tools (1-18) are arranged asymmetrical relative to the axis of the boring head, in particular along a spiral line.
  4. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the discs (11-18) on a larger diameter are arranged to be inclined more flatly relative to the mine face than on a smaller diameter.
  5. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the machine is supported in the tunnel tube via sliding or movable supporting means (24, 29).
  6. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the boring head (19), by rotation of the carrier disc (34) relative to the axis of rotation (21) of the actuating means, is capable of being pivoted into a position in which the external contours of the carrier plate (34) and of the boring tools (1-18) are located within the projection of the clear diameter of the walled or tubed tunnel tube.
  7. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the axis of rotation (21) of the actuating means of the boring tools (1-18) is capable of being relocated relative to the longitudinal axis (22) of the tunnel through the front or rear supporting means (24, 29) of the tunnel boring machine in the tunnel tube.
  8. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the tunnel boring machine is designed to be movable on caterpillars (24, 29) or wheels or rails and is equipped with a travelling mechanism.
  9. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the boring tools (15-18) are arranged on the carrier disc (34) within a central angle that is smaller than or equal to 90°.
  10. A tunnel boring machine or tube advancing machine according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the boring head (19) comprises prospecting tools on the carrier plate (34), whose prospecting edges are arranged within the enveloping circle of the boring tools (1-18) in a manner so as to be rigid or retractable within the enveloping circle.
EP95890085A 1994-04-15 1995-04-12 Tunnel boring machine Expired - Lifetime EP0677643B1 (en)

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DE4413235A1 (en) 1995-10-19
DE4413235C2 (en) 1999-04-29
EP0677643A1 (en) 1995-10-18
US5575537A (en) 1996-11-19
DE59510254D1 (en) 2002-08-08
ZA952982B (en) 1995-12-21

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