EP0677616A1 - Method for compacting and consolidating the underwater bed - Google Patents

Method for compacting and consolidating the underwater bed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0677616A1
EP0677616A1 EP95200947A EP95200947A EP0677616A1 EP 0677616 A1 EP0677616 A1 EP 0677616A1 EP 95200947 A EP95200947 A EP 95200947A EP 95200947 A EP95200947 A EP 95200947A EP 0677616 A1 EP0677616 A1 EP 0677616A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
underwater bed
underwater
bed
drainage
trench
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95200947A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0677616B1 (en
Inventor
Leendert-Jan Pligt
Philippe Groen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KONINKLIJKE WEGENBOUW STEVIN B.V.
VAN OORD ACZ B.V.
VERMEER INFRASTRUCTUUR B.V.
Original Assignee
KONINKLIJKE WEGENBOUW STEVIN BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by KONINKLIJKE WEGENBOUW STEVIN BV filed Critical KONINKLIJKE WEGENBOUW STEVIN BV
Publication of EP0677616A1 publication Critical patent/EP0677616A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0677616B1 publication Critical patent/EP0677616B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
    • E02F5/104—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water
    • E02F5/105—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables for burying conduits or cables in trenches under water self-propulsed units moving on the underwater bottom
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D15/00—Handling building or like materials for hydraulic engineering or foundations
    • E02D15/10—Placing gravel or light material under water inasmuch as not provided for elsewhere
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/02—Improving by compacting
    • E02D3/10—Improving by compacting by watering, draining, de-aerating or blasting, e.g. by installing sand or wick drains

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the compaction and consolidation of the underwater bed.
  • the invention relates to compaction of the underwater bed in such a way that, during and/or after carrying out said method with the aim of lowering the underwater level of and/or of compacting the underwater bed, the surrounding environment is polluted as little as possible by impurities originating from the underwater bed. More particularly the invention relates to work to be carried out on the underwater bed where the top layer of the underwater bed contains sludge.
  • the current method for lowering the level of the underwater bed and thus increasing the navigable depth is to remove some of said bed by dredging.
  • removal by dredging is environmentally unfriendly and is associated with appreciable costs.
  • measures must be taken during removal by dredging to prevent sludge from swirling up in the water and reaching other locations with the water current.
  • the sludge dredged out constitutes a waste problem. If the aim is to use the underwater bed as foundation and unstable layers are removed by dredging, it is frequently the case that additional sand has to be applied thereafter in order to compensate for the underwater bed removed by dredging.
  • the aim of the invention is, firstly, to lower the level of the underwater bed without it being necessary to remove sludge by dredging. Secondly, sludge consolidated by said method can be removed with extensive protection of the environment and thus as cost-effectively as possible. Thirdly, the aim of the present invention is to prepare the underwater bed for use as foundation, likewise with extensive protection of the environment and with an improvement in the efficiency.
  • the invention proposes the creation of a reduced pressure in the underwater bed.
  • Said reduced pressure can be achieved, for example, by means of removal of water or other liquids/gases present in the underwater bed by suction.
  • the effect can, if necessary, be intensified by also applying a top load, for example sand.
  • the compacted layer of the underwater bed can still be removed by dredging.
  • the compacted layer is appreciably more concentrated and contains little/no water and/or other liquids or gases.
  • the sludge becomes firmer for digging and consequently easier to dump.
  • dams, dykes or banking on the compacted underwater bed It is also possible to construct dams, dykes or banking on the compacted underwater bed. Removal of the initial soft sludge layer by dredging is not necessary in this case and, likewise, it is not necessary to replace the sludge removed by dredging by sand or another material. Consequently, fewer building materials are needed to produce a body of this type.
  • a drainage system is installed beneath the surface of the underwater bed, in particular about 1 meter below the sludge surface.
  • drainage trenches are made in the underwater bed and a discharge drain is laid in said trenches, which drain is connected to a suction system in order to create and maintain a reduced pressure.
  • the trenches are stabilised using a porous material, such as sand.
  • the sand acts both as a filter and as a discharge drain.
  • another draining material for example a filter mat, could also be used for installing in the drainage trenches.
  • the sludge layer or other layer of the underwater bed located above the drainage system acts as a water-sealing layer, so that the ingress of water from above is prevented.
  • Fig. 1 shows an installation 1 for making trenches in the underwater bed beneath the surface of the underwater bed, in order thus to create a reduced pressure in the underwater bed and so to consolidate the underwater bed.
  • the installation 1 has a floating pontoon 2 which, for example, can be propelled from the shore with the aid of a tug or something similar, or can be propelled independently.
  • Chutes 5 run vertically downwards from the top of the pontoon and extend to well below the surface of the underwater bed 4.
  • the chutes, or trench cutters, 5 run essentially parallel to one another and are arranged aligned to one another some distance apart.
  • Each trench cutter 5 is essentially box-shaped and open at the rear to the height of the drainage trench to be made in the underwater bed 4.
  • the front of the trench cutter 5 is shaped in such a way that said cutter is able to move easily through the underwater bed, the material in the underwater bed being pushed aside and optionally upwards/downwards.
  • a trench is formed in the underwater bed 4 by the trench cutter 5 as the pontoon 2 moves in the direction of the arrow A.
  • Sand or other material is supplied at the top of the trench cutter 5, in order to fill the trench 8, made in the underwater bed by the trench cutter 5, with sand.
  • the trench cutter 5 is provided with transport-promoting elements (not shown in more detail), such as vibrators.
  • a hollow pipe 3 runs from the top of the pontoon 2 into the trench cutter 5.
  • a flexible drainage pipe 7 is fed through said hollow pipe 3 in order to run in the longitudinal direction of the trench made in the underwater bed 4.
  • the trench cutter 5 can, moreover, also be designed to introduce other materials into the drainage trench, for example a plastic drainage mat.
  • the arrangement of the drainage trenches 8 in the underwater bed 4 is shown more particularly in Fig. 2. As is shown, the trenches 8 are located well below the top surface of the underwater bed 4. A sealing sheet 9 has also been applied on top of the underwater bed 4, which sheet prevents water from being able to penetrate into the underwater bed 4 from above the sheet 9.
  • the trenches 8 are filled with sand or other draining material and a drainage pipe 7 is installed close to the bottom of the trenches.
  • the drainage pipes 7 are connected, in a manner which is not shown in more detail, to a suction system in order to remove liquids and/or gases from the underwater bed 4 and thus to create a reduced pressure in the drainage system.
  • a suction system in order to remove liquids and/or gases from the underwater bed 4 and thus to create a reduced pressure in the drainage system.
  • the said liquids/gases are removed from the underwater bed, as a result of which the compaction of the underwater bed is achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Underground Or Underwater Handling Of Building Materials (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

Method for consolidating and compacting the underwater bed by applying and maintaining a reduced pressure in the underwater bed. This can be achieved, for example, with the aid of draining said underwater bed. To this end, a drainage system is produced in the underwater bed and it is ensured that the water located above the underwater bed has as little opportunity as possible to penetrate into the underwater bed. For example, to this end a liquid-tight sheeting is applied on top of the underwater bed. In every case, the drainage system is constructed well below the surface of the underwater bed, so that that part of the underwater bed located above said system in itself forms a liquid barrier.

Description

  • The invention relates to the compaction and consolidation of the underwater bed. In particular, the invention relates to compaction of the underwater bed in such a way that, during and/or after carrying out said method with the aim of lowering the underwater level of and/or of compacting the underwater bed, the surrounding environment is polluted as little as possible by impurities originating from the underwater bed. More particularly the invention relates to work to be carried out on the underwater bed where the top layer of the underwater bed contains sludge.
  • The current method for lowering the level of the underwater bed and thus increasing the navigable depth is to remove some of said bed by dredging. Especially if there is question of contaminated sludge, there is the disadvantage that removal by dredging is environmentally unfriendly and is associated with appreciable costs. After all, measures must be taken during removal by dredging to prevent sludge from swirling up in the water and reaching other locations with the water current. Moreover, the sludge dredged out constitutes a waste problem. If the aim is to use the underwater bed as foundation and unstable layers are removed by dredging, it is frequently the case that additional sand has to be applied thereafter in order to compensate for the underwater bed removed by dredging.
  • The aim of the invention is, firstly, to lower the level of the underwater bed without it being necessary to remove sludge by dredging. Secondly, sludge consolidated by said method can be removed with extensive protection of the environment and thus as cost-effectively as possible. Thirdly, the aim of the present invention is to prepare the underwater bed for use as foundation, likewise with extensive protection of the environment and with an improvement in the efficiency.
  • To this end, the invention proposes the creation of a reduced pressure in the underwater bed. Said reduced pressure can be achieved, for example, by means of removal of water or other liquids/gases present in the underwater bed by suction. The effect can, if necessary, be intensified by also applying a top load, for example sand.
  • Consequently, a consolidation effect is produced and the underwater bed is compacted. This results, on the one hand, in a fall in the level of the underwater bed. On the other hand, the load-bearing capacity of the underwater bed increases. Especially when the top layer of the underwater bed consists of sludge, a significant degree of consolidation and compaction, accompanied by a lowering of the level, will be found.
  • If required, following compaction in the manner envisaged by the invention, the compacted layer of the underwater bed can still be removed by dredging. The compacted layer is appreciably more concentrated and contains little/no water and/or other liquids or gases. With the method according to the invention, the sludge becomes firmer for digging and consequently easier to dump.
  • It is also possible to construct dams, dykes or banking on the compacted underwater bed. Removal of the initial soft sludge layer by dredging is not necessary in this case and, likewise, it is not necessary to replace the sludge removed by dredging by sand or another material. Consequently, fewer building materials are needed to produce a body of this type.
  • According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a drainage system is installed beneath the surface of the underwater bed, in particular about 1 meter below the sludge surface. To this end, for example, drainage trenches are made in the underwater bed and a discharge drain is laid in said trenches, which drain is connected to a suction system in order to create and maintain a reduced pressure. The trenches are stabilised using a porous material, such as sand. The sand acts both as a filter and as a discharge drain. Instead of sand, another draining material, for example a filter mat, could also be used for installing in the drainage trenches.
  • The sludge layer or other layer of the underwater bed located above the drainage system acts as a water-sealing layer, so that the ingress of water from above is prevented. In order to increase and/or ensure the sealing effect, it is also possible to lay sheeting on the underwater bed. If sheeting is used in order to create a water-sealing layer, the drainage system can also be installed at a lesser depth below the level of the underwater bed. In that case, it would be possible for the drainage trenches even to extend up to the surface of the underwater bed, since they are closed off at the top by the sheeting. Instead of sheeting it would also be possible to use other water-sealing elements, for example plates or something similar.
  • The invention will be explained in more detail below with the aid of a non-limiting illustrative embodiment with reference to the appended drawings. In the drawings:
    • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of an installation for installing a drainage system in the underwater bed, for carrying out the method according to the invention; and
    • Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the underwater bed provided with a drainage system installed using the installation shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 1 shows an installation 1 for making trenches in the underwater bed beneath the surface of the underwater bed, in order thus to create a reduced pressure in the underwater bed and so to consolidate the underwater bed. To this end, the installation 1 has a floating pontoon 2 which, for example, can be propelled from the shore with the aid of a tug or something similar, or can be propelled independently. Chutes 5 run vertically downwards from the top of the pontoon and extend to well below the surface of the underwater bed 4. Optionally, it is also possible to attach a single chute 5 to the pontoon 2. The chutes, or trench cutters, 5 run essentially parallel to one another and are arranged aligned to one another some distance apart. Each trench cutter 5 is essentially box-shaped and open at the rear to the height of the drainage trench to be made in the underwater bed 4. The front of the trench cutter 5 is shaped in such a way that said cutter is able to move easily through the underwater bed, the material in the underwater bed being pushed aside and optionally upwards/downwards. In this way a trench is formed in the underwater bed 4 by the trench cutter 5 as the pontoon 2 moves in the direction of the arrow A. Sand or other material is supplied at the top of the trench cutter 5, in order to fill the trench 8, made in the underwater bed by the trench cutter 5, with sand. To this end, the trench cutter 5 is provided with transport-promoting elements (not shown in more detail), such as vibrators. A hollow pipe 3 runs from the top of the pontoon 2 into the trench cutter 5. A flexible drainage pipe 7 is fed through said hollow pipe 3 in order to run in the longitudinal direction of the trench made in the underwater bed 4. The trench cutter 5 can, moreover, also be designed to introduce other materials into the drainage trench, for example a plastic drainage mat.
  • The arrangement of the drainage trenches 8 in the underwater bed 4 is shown more particularly in Fig. 2. As is shown, the trenches 8 are located well below the top surface of the underwater bed 4. A sealing sheet 9 has also been applied on top of the underwater bed 4, which sheet prevents water from being able to penetrate into the underwater bed 4 from above the sheet 9.
  • The trenches 8 are filled with sand or other draining material and a drainage pipe 7 is installed close to the bottom of the trenches. The drainage pipes 7 are connected, in a manner which is not shown in more detail, to a suction system in order to remove liquids and/or gases from the underwater bed 4 and thus to create a reduced pressure in the drainage system. As a result of said reduced pressure, the said liquids/gases are removed from the underwater bed, as a result of which the compaction of the underwater bed is achieved.

Claims (11)

  1. Method for compacting and/or consolidating the underwater bed, wherein fluid is extracted by suction below the surface of the underwater bed.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, wherein a drainage system is installed in the underwater bed, which drainage system is connected to a suction system for the extraction of fluid by suction from the underwater bed.
  3. Method according to Claim 1 or 2, wherein a reduced pressure is produced and maintained in the drainage system in the underwater bed by means of the extraction by suction and, consequently, ongoing compaction of the material of the underwater bed is generated, as a consequence of which the level of the surface of the underwater bed falls.
  4. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein, prior to extraction by suction below the surface of the underwater bed, trenches which run essentially parallel to one another and some distance apart are made in the underwater bed, which trenches are filled with a fluid-permeable, stabilising material, such as, for example, grains of sand.
  5. Method according to Claim 4, wherein one or more porous, preferably flexible, drainage pipes are installed in the trenches.
  6. Installation for making drainage trenches beneath the surface of the underwater bed, comprising a floating body which has one or more trench-cutting elements some distance apart and extending downwards from said floating body, which trench-cutting elements define a box-shaped body which is open at the rear to the height of the drainage trench to be formed, and which box-shaped body is connected to a source of porous material, such as grains of sand.
  7. Installation according to Claim 6, wherein the trench-cutting elements are hollow and form a feed channel from the floating body to the box-shaped body for the supply of porous material and/or a flexible drainage pipe.
  8. Installation according to Claim 6 or 7, wherein the height of the box-shaped body is adjustable.
  9. Installation according to Claim 6, 7 or 8, with which an alternative draining material, such as a plastic mat, can be introduced.
  10. Method according to one of the preceding Claims 1 to 5, wherein the trench walls are covered with a filter fabric, within which the porous material, such as sand, is enclosed.
  11. Installation according to one of the preceding Claims 6 to 9, evidently suitable for carrying out the method according to Claim 10.
EP95200947A 1994-04-14 1995-04-13 Method and installation for compacting and consolidating the underwater bed Expired - Lifetime EP0677616B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL9400593A NL9400593A (en) 1994-04-14 1994-04-14 Method for compacting and consolidating the underwater sub-soil.
NL9400593 1994-04-14

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0677616A1 true EP0677616A1 (en) 1995-10-18
EP0677616B1 EP0677616B1 (en) 2001-07-11

Family

ID=19864067

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP95200947A Expired - Lifetime EP0677616B1 (en) 1994-04-14 1995-04-13 Method and installation for compacting and consolidating the underwater bed

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0677616B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE203074T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69521642T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0677616T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2160139T3 (en)
HK (1) HK1010745A1 (en)
NL (1) NL9400593A (en)
PT (1) PT677616E (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1003584C2 (en) * 1996-07-12 1997-06-06 Kessel B V Geb Van Method for consolidating water-bearing soil.
CN102691303A (en) * 2012-05-22 2012-09-26 北京航空航天大学 A method for improving in-service tailings pond capacity and a device thereof

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB652570A (en) * 1948-10-13 1951-04-25 Solomon Akerib Improved method of and equipment for consolidating or stabilising sub-aqueous soil or deposits
FR2425601A1 (en) * 1978-05-08 1979-12-07 Gibson Ind Marine pipeline installation appts. - is pulled by the lay barge and requires no separate energy except to drive a sparge
JPS6040410A (en) 1983-08-16 1985-03-02 Toa Harbor Works Co Ltd Method and apparatus for consolidation and dewatering by horizontal drain
EP0359961A1 (en) * 1988-08-20 1990-03-28 Nisshoku Corporation Hydrophobic material used for drainage of culvert

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB652570A (en) * 1948-10-13 1951-04-25 Solomon Akerib Improved method of and equipment for consolidating or stabilising sub-aqueous soil or deposits
FR2425601A1 (en) * 1978-05-08 1979-12-07 Gibson Ind Marine pipeline installation appts. - is pulled by the lay barge and requires no separate energy except to drive a sparge
JPS6040410A (en) 1983-08-16 1985-03-02 Toa Harbor Works Co Ltd Method and apparatus for consolidation and dewatering by horizontal drain
EP0359961A1 (en) * 1988-08-20 1990-03-28 Nisshoku Corporation Hydrophobic material used for drainage of culvert

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 9, no. 168 (M - 396)<1891> 13 July 1985 (1985-07-13) *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL1003584C2 (en) * 1996-07-12 1997-06-06 Kessel B V Geb Van Method for consolidating water-bearing soil.
WO1998002616A1 (en) * 1996-07-12 1998-01-22 Koninklijke Wegenbouw Stevin B.V. Method of consolidating watery ground
CN102691303A (en) * 2012-05-22 2012-09-26 北京航空航天大学 A method for improving in-service tailings pond capacity and a device thereof
CN102691303B (en) * 2012-05-22 2014-07-02 北京航空航天大学 A method for improving in-service tailings pond capacity and a device thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL9400593A (en) 1995-11-01
DE69521642T2 (en) 2001-10-31
EP0677616B1 (en) 2001-07-11
HK1010745A1 (en) 1999-06-25
DE69521642D1 (en) 2001-08-16
DK0677616T3 (en) 2001-09-17
PT677616E (en) 2001-12-28
ATE203074T1 (en) 2001-07-15
ES2160139T3 (en) 2001-11-01

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