EP0677162B1 - Charging rack for firing objects composed of ceramic or glass ceramic materials - Google Patents

Charging rack for firing objects composed of ceramic or glass ceramic materials Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0677162B1
EP0677162B1 EP94930222A EP94930222A EP0677162B1 EP 0677162 B1 EP0677162 B1 EP 0677162B1 EP 94930222 A EP94930222 A EP 94930222A EP 94930222 A EP94930222 A EP 94930222A EP 0677162 B1 EP0677162 B1 EP 0677162B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
parts
frame
charging rack
dispersion
charging
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EP94930222A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0677162A1 (en
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Dieter Sporer
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PLANSEE GmbH
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PLANSEE GmbH
Plansee GmbH Lechbruck
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D5/00—Supports, screens, or the like for the charge within the furnace
    • F27D5/0006—Composite supporting structures

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging frame for receiving molded articles made of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials, which are fired in an oven, in particular a roller oven, the charging frame having the shape of a grate and consisting of a frame composed of several parts and of several carrier parts and wherein the parts of the charging frame are made of refractory materials.
  • Ceramic materials consist of raw materials containing clay minerals; They are processed into ceramic objects (e.g., dishes, sanitary ware, building material ware) by molding at room temperature and then firing.
  • Glass-ceramic materials consist of glasses that are processed into glass-ceramic objects after shaping and subsequent heat treatment. During heat treatment, partial, controlled devitrification occurs due to partial crystallization.
  • the firing or the heat treatment of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials takes place at temperatures of 800 to 2000 ° C, preferably 1000 to 1400 ° C, in ovens that work both in batch mode and continuously.
  • the objects formed from ceramic or glass ceramic materials are in many cases arranged on charging racks, which are then introduced into the furnace and removed from the furnace after the firing process has been completed. Charging racks of this type have proven particularly useful for continuous furnace operation, which is preferably carried out in roller furnaces, since they protect the moldings from damage during the furnace travel and facilitate the handling of the moldings.
  • Known charging frames are preferably made of ceramic material, such as cordierite or mullite, and have the shape of plates. These charging racks must be slowly heated up and cooled down because they have low thermal shock stability. This material property disadvantageously extends the continuous process of the firing process.
  • the known charging racks made of conventional metallic materials have a low corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, which has an adverse effect on their service life. Because of their low high-temperature strength, the charging racks made from conventional metallic materials must also have a high construction weight, which has a negative effect on the energy balance of the kiln.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a charging frame that has a low construction weight, has a long service life, is corrosion-resistant and can be quickly heated and cooled in the course of the firing process.
  • the object underlying the invention is achieved in that the parts of the frame of the charging frame made of a dispersion-hardened iron or nickel-based alloy and the carrier parts of the charging frame made of the same dispersion-hardened iron or nickel-based alloy or from silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or from steel are made.
  • the individual carrier parts of the charging frame which is designed as a grate, have suitable surfaces for the molded parts to be fired.
  • the forces emanating from the mass of the individual carrier parts and the mass of the shaped bodies arranged on the carrier parts are introduced into the frame of the charging frame, which consists of a material that has a very high heat resistance and therefore has a relatively low weight.
  • the individual carrier parts also have a low weight because they only have to carry a small number of shaped bodies. Since the size of the carrier parts is limited, they can also be made from silicon carbide, an oxide-ceramic material (material made from oxides, with the exception of SiO 2 , and oxide compounds by ceramic methods), a superalloy or from steel, the steel should only be used at low firing temperatures (e.g.
  • the charging rack which consists entirely or partially of a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy, is preferably used at firing temperatures of 1000 to 1400 ° C.
  • the charging rack which consists entirely or partially of a dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy, is preferably used at firing temperatures of 1000 to 1100 ° C.
  • the charging rack according to the invention designed as a grate, can be made with a length and a width of up to 3 m, preferably 1.5 m. Even such large charging racks have an extremely long service life and allow rapid heating and cooling, so that they are preferably used for rapid burning processes. Their construction weight is low compared to known charging racks.
  • the charging racks according to the invention have great dimensional stability, which is due in particular to the very low thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used to produce the charging racks and to the design as a rust. Finally, the charging racks have good corrosion properties.
  • the dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 2 to 10% Al, 0 to 5% Ti, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0.1 to 2% Al 2 Contains O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and / or Y 2 O 3 and the rest Fe if the dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 0.1 to 4% Al, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0 to 5% Ti, 0.1 to 2% Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and / or Y 2 O 3 and the rest Ni contains and if the iron and nickel-based alloy by powder metallurgy - so for one is produced by mixing and compressing (pressing, sintering) powders or the other by mechanical alloying of powders, hot compression and shaping of the alloy - using H 2 as a protective gas in powder processing.
  • Dispersion hardening is brought about by the oxide phase (dispersoid) embedded in the alloy lattice, which consists of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and / or Y 2 O 3 .
  • the parts of the charging frame consisting of the dispersion-hardened alloys are connected to one another by welding.
  • the welding is carried out according to the TIG process (welding with a non-melting tungsten electrode in an inert gas) or the MIG / MAG process (welding with melting electrodes in an inert gas, e.g. argon or an active gas, e.g. an N) 2 -O 2 mixture). Both welding processes are known per se.
  • the carrier parts which consist of silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or steel
  • mechanical connecting means which are in particular detachable (e.g. rivets, screws, Connectors).
  • detachable e.g. rivets, screws, Connectors.
  • I consists of a frame which is formed by the frame parts (la) to (ld) and (2a) to (2e).
  • the frame parts (1a) to (ld) have a rectangular shape and are provided with two bores one above the other through which the frame parts (2a) to (2d) are guided.
  • the frame parts (2a) to (2d) have a circular cross section.
  • the charging frame has five carrier parts (3a) to (3e), which are shaped as U-profiles.
  • the legs of each U-profile have two bores one above the other in which the frame parts (2a) to (2d) are guided.
  • the base of each U-profile has a hole in the center through which the frame part (2e) is guided.
  • the charging rack shown in Fig. I is in the form of a grate. All parts of the charging frame consist of a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy containing 19% Cr, 5.5% Al, 0.5% Ti, 0.5% Y 2 O 3 and the rest iron.
  • the individual parts of the charging frame are manufactured by powder metallurgy by mechanical alloying of the alloy components, subsequent hot compression of the alloy and subsequent forming. Mechanical alloying is carried out in a protective gas atmosphere made of hydrogen, which improves the weldability of the individual parts of the charging frame. All parts of the charging frame are welded together.
  • the charging frame has a weight of 2 kg and can accommodate molded ceramic parts with a total weight of 4 kg.
  • the dispersion-hardened material used to manufacture the charging frame reduces the firing time for the ceramic molded parts by 4.5 hours (from the cold state to the cold state). With a known charging frame made of ceramic material, a burning time of 20 hours is required. Even after operating times of more than 1000 hours, the charging rack according to the invention shows no damage caused by corrosion, although the furnace atmosphere has an increased content of sulfur and fluorine compounds during the firing process.
  • the charging rack is suitable for firing processes that are carried out at 1100 to 1400 ° C. It is possible to equip the charging rack shown in FIG. I with more than five carrier parts.
  • the design of the support parts as a U-profile allows several charging racks to be stacked one on top of the other.
  • the charging frame shown in Fig. II consists of a frame which is formed by the frame parts (4a) to (4d) and (5a) and (5b).
  • the frame parts (4a) to (4d) have a rectangular shape and each have a recess in which the frame parts (5a) and (5b) are guided, which have a circular cross section.
  • the frame parts consist of a dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy, which contains 20% Cr, 0.3% Al, 0.5% Ti, 0.6% Y 2 O 3 and the rest of nickel and which is produced by powder metallurgy using hydrogen as a protective gas . All frame parts are welded together.
  • the carrier parts (6a, 6b, 6c) consist of Al 2 O 3 and have the shape of a T, the horizontal surface being used as a receiving surface for the ceramic molded parts to be fired.
  • the carrier parts (6a, 6b, 6c) are connected to the frame parts (5a) and (5b) in such a way that grooves are made in the rod-shaped frame parts (5a) and (5b) which extend perpendicularly over half the cross section of the rod-shaped frame parts (5a) and (5b) . In these grooves, the vertical piece of the T-shaped support part is inserted so far that the horizontal piece of the T has contact with the rod-shaped frame part. This connection has a sufficiently high strength and ensures the required operational safety.
  • the charging rack shown in Fig. II can be used advantageously at firing temperatures of about 1000 ° C. It is possible to stack several of these charging racks on top of each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Charging Or Discharging (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP94/03505 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 13, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 13, 1995 PCT Filed Oct. 25, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/12796 PCT Pub. Date May 11, 1995The invention pertains to a charging rack for firing objects composed of ceramic or glass ceramic materials in kiln, in particular a continuous kiln. The charging rack takes the form of a grate and comprises a frame and a number of bearing parts. The frame is made from a dispersion-hardened iron- or nickel-based alloy and bearing parts are made of the same dispersion-strengthened iron- or nickel-based alloy or from silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or a steel.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Chargiergestell zur Aufnahme von Formkörpern aus keramischen und glaskeramischen Werkstoffen, die in einem Ofen, insbesondere einem Rollenofen, gebrannt werden, wobei das Chargiergestell die Form eines Rostes hat sowie aus einem aus mehreren Teilen zusammengesetzten Rahmen und aus mehreren Trägerteilen besteht und wobei die Teile des Chargiergestells aus feuerfesten Materialien hergestellt sind.The invention relates to a charging frame for receiving molded articles made of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials, which are fired in an oven, in particular a roller oven, the charging frame having the shape of a grate and consisting of a frame composed of several parts and of several carrier parts and wherein the parts of the charging frame are made of refractory materials.

Keramische Werkstoffe bestehen aus tonmineralhaltigen Rohstoffen; sie werden durch Formen bei Raumtemperatur und anschließendes Brennen zu keramischen Gegenständen (z,B, Geschirr, Sanitärkeramik, Baustoffkeramik) verarbeitet. Glaskeramische Werkstoffe bestehen aus Gläsern, die nach einer Formgebung und einer nachfolgenden Wärmebehandlung zu glaskeramischen Gegenständen verarbeitet werden. Bei der Wärmebehandlung tritt durch partielle Kristallisation eine teilweise, gesteuerte Entglasung ein. Das Brennen bzw. die wärmebehandlung keramischer und glaskeramischer Werkstoffe erfolgt bei Temperaturen von 800 bis 2000°C, vorzugsweise 1000 bis 1400°C, in Öfen, die sowohl im Batchbetrieb als auch kontinuierlich arbeiten. Die aus keramischen oder glas keramischen Werkstoffen geformten Gegenstände werden in vielen Fällen auf Chargiergestellen angeordnet, die dann in den Ofen eingebracht und nach Abschluß des Brennprozesses aus dem Ofen herausgenommen werden. Insbesondere für den kontinuierlichen Ofenbetrieb, der vorzugsweise in Rollenöfen durchgeführt wird, haben sich derartige Chargiergestelle bewährt, da sie die Formkörper während der Ofenreise vor Beschädigung schützen und die Handhabung der Formkörper erleichtern.Ceramic materials consist of raw materials containing clay minerals; They are processed into ceramic objects (e.g., dishes, sanitary ware, building material ware) by molding at room temperature and then firing. Glass-ceramic materials consist of glasses that are processed into glass-ceramic objects after shaping and subsequent heat treatment. During heat treatment, partial, controlled devitrification occurs due to partial crystallization. The firing or the heat treatment of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials takes place at temperatures of 800 to 2000 ° C, preferably 1000 to 1400 ° C, in ovens that work both in batch mode and continuously. The objects formed from ceramic or glass ceramic materials are in many cases arranged on charging racks, which are then introduced into the furnace and removed from the furnace after the firing process has been completed. Charging racks of this type have proven particularly useful for continuous furnace operation, which is preferably carried out in roller furnaces, since they protect the moldings from damage during the furnace travel and facilitate the handling of the moldings.

Bekannte Chargiergestelle bestehen vorzugsweise aus keramischem Material, wie z.B. Kordierit oder Mullit, und haben die Form von Platten. Diese Chargiergestelle müssen langsam aufgeheizt und abgekühlt werden, da sie eine geringe Thermoschock-Stabilität besitzen. Durch diese Materialeigenschaft wird der kontinuierliche Ablauf des Brennprozesses in nachteiliger Weise verlängert. Die aus konventionellen metallischen Werkstoffen gefertigten bekannten Chargiergestelle haben eine geringe Korrosionsbeständigkeit und Hochtemperaturfestigkeit, was sich nachteilig auf ihre Lebensdauer auswirkt. Wegen ihrer geringen Hochtemperaturfestigkeit müssen die aus konventionellen metallischen Werkstoffen gefertigten Chargiergestelle außerdem ein hohes Baugewicht aufweisen, was sich negativ auf den Energiehaushalt des Brennofens auswirkt.Known charging frames are preferably made of ceramic material, such as cordierite or mullite, and have the shape of plates. These charging racks must be slowly heated up and cooled down because they have low thermal shock stability. This material property disadvantageously extends the continuous process of the firing process. The known charging racks made of conventional metallic materials have a low corrosion resistance and high temperature resistance, which has an adverse effect on their service life. Because of their low high-temperature strength, the charging racks made from conventional metallic materials must also have a high construction weight, which has a negative effect on the energy balance of the kiln.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Chargiergestell zu schaffen, das ein geringes Baugewicht aufweist, eine hohe Lebensdauer hat, korrosionsbeständig ist und im Verlauf des Brennprozesses schnell aufgeheizt sowie abgekühlt werden kann.The invention has for its object to provide a charging frame that has a low construction weight, has a long service life, is corrosion-resistant and can be quickly heated and cooled in the course of the firing process.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird dadurch gelöst, daß die Teile des Rahmens des Chargiergestells aus einer dispersionsgehärteten Eisen- oder Nickelbasislegierung und die Trägerteile des Chargiergestells aus der gleichen dispersionsgehärteten Eisen- oder Nickelbasislegierung oder aus Siliziumcarbid, einem oxidkeramischen Werkstoff, einer Superlegierung oder aus Stahl gefertigt sind.The object underlying the invention is achieved in that the parts of the frame of the charging frame made of a dispersion-hardened iron or nickel-based alloy and the carrier parts of the charging frame made of the same dispersion-hardened iron or nickel-based alloy or from silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or from steel are made.

Die einzelnen Trägerteile des als Rost gestalteten Chargiergestells weisen für die zu brennenden Formteile geeignete Stellflächen auf. Die von der Masse der einzelnen Trägerteile und der Masse der auf den Trägerteilen angeordneten Formkörper ausgehenden Kräfte werden in den Rahmen des Chargiergestells eingeleitet, der aus einem Material besteht, das eine sehr hohe Warmfestigkeit aufweist und daher ein relativ geringes Eigengewicht hat. Die einzelnen Trägerteile haben auch deshalb ein geringes Eigengewicht, weil sie nur eine kleine Anzahl von Formkörpern tragen müssen. Da die Baugröße der Trägerteile begrenzt ist, können sie auch aus Siliciumcarbid, einem oxidkeramischen Werkstoff (Werkstoff, der aus Oxiden, mit Ausnahme von SiO2, und Oxidverbindungen nach keramischen Methoden hergestellt ist), einer Superlegierung oder aus Stahl gefertigt werden, wobei der Stahl nur bei niedrigen Brenntemperaturen (z.B. < 1000°C) zur Anwendung kommen sollte. Das Chargiergestell, welches ganz oder teilweise aus einer dispersionsgehärteten Eisenbasislegierung besteht, wird vorzugsweise bei Brenntemperaturen von 1000 bis 1400°C verwendet. Das Chargiergestell, welches ganz oder teilweise aus einer dispersionsgehärteten Nickelbasislegierung besteht, kommt vorzugsweise bei Brenntemperaturen von 1000 bis 1100°C zur Anwendung. Das als Rost gestaltete erfindungsgemäße Chargiergestell kann mit einer Länge und einer Breite bis zu 3 m, vorzugsweise 1,5 m, ausgeführt werden. Selbst derartig große Chargiergestelle haben eine außerordentlich lange Lebensdauer und gestatten eine schnelle Aufheizung sowie Abkühlung, so daß sie bevorzugt für Schnellbrennprozesse verwendet werden. Ihr Baugewicht ist im Vergleich zu bekannten Chargiergestellen gering. Außerdem besitzen die erfindungsgemäßen Chargiergestelle eine große Formstabilität, was insbesondere auf die sehr kleinen thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten der zur Herstellung der Chargiergestelle verwendeten Materialien sowie auf die Gestaltung als Rost zurückzuführen ist. Schließlich haben die Chargiergestelle gute Korrosionseigenschaften.The individual carrier parts of the charging frame, which is designed as a grate, have suitable surfaces for the molded parts to be fired. The forces emanating from the mass of the individual carrier parts and the mass of the shaped bodies arranged on the carrier parts are introduced into the frame of the charging frame, which consists of a material that has a very high heat resistance and therefore has a relatively low weight. The individual carrier parts also have a low weight because they only have to carry a small number of shaped bodies. Since the size of the carrier parts is limited, they can also be made from silicon carbide, an oxide-ceramic material (material made from oxides, with the exception of SiO 2 , and oxide compounds by ceramic methods), a superalloy or from steel, the steel should only be used at low firing temperatures (e.g. <1000 ° C). The charging rack, which consists entirely or partially of a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy, is preferably used at firing temperatures of 1000 to 1400 ° C. The charging rack, which consists entirely or partially of a dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy, is preferably used at firing temperatures of 1000 to 1100 ° C. The charging rack according to the invention, designed as a grate, can be made with a length and a width of up to 3 m, preferably 1.5 m. Even such large charging racks have an extremely long service life and allow rapid heating and cooling, so that they are preferably used for rapid burning processes. Their construction weight is low compared to known charging racks. In addition, the charging racks according to the invention have great dimensional stability, which is due in particular to the very low thermal expansion coefficients of the materials used to produce the charging racks and to the design as a rust. Finally, the charging racks have good corrosion properties.

Nach der Erfindung ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die dispersionsgehärtete Eisenbasislegierung 10 bis 40 % Cr, 2 bis 10 % Al, 0 bis 5 % Ti, 0 bis 10 % Mo, 0 bis 5 % W, 0,1 bis 2 % Al2O3, ZrO2, La2O3 und/oder Y2O3 und Rest Fe enthält, wenn die dispersionsgehärtete Nickelbasislegierung 10 bis 40 % Cr, 0,1 bis 4 % Al, 0 bis 10 % Mo, 0 bis 5 % W, 0 bis 5 % Ti, 0,1 bis 2 % Al2O3, ZrO2, La2O3 und/oder Y2O3 sowie Rest Ni enthält und wenn die Eisen- sowie Nickelbasislegierung auf pulvermetallurgischem Weg - also zum einen durch Mischen und Verdichten (Pressen, Sintern) von Pulvern oder zum anderen durch mechanisches Legieren von Pulvern, Heißverdichtung und Umformung der Legierung - unter Verwendung von H2 als Schutzgas bei der Pulververarbeitung hergestellt wird. Diese Legierungen haben sowohl eine hohe Warmfestigkeit als auch eine hohe Thermoschock-Stabilität. Die angegebenen Prozentzahlen sind Gewichts-Prozente. Die Dispersionshärtung wird durch die in das Legierungsgitter eingelagerte Oxidphase (Dispersoid), die aus Al2O3, ZrO2, La2O3 und/oder Y2O3 besteht, bewirkt.According to the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 2 to 10% Al, 0 to 5% Ti, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0.1 to 2% Al 2 Contains O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and / or Y 2 O 3 and the rest Fe if the dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 0.1 to 4% Al, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0 to 5% Ti, 0.1 to 2% Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and / or Y 2 O 3 and the rest Ni contains and if the iron and nickel-based alloy by powder metallurgy - so for one is produced by mixing and compressing (pressing, sintering) powders or the other by mechanical alloying of powders, hot compression and shaping of the alloy - using H 2 as a protective gas in powder processing. These alloys have both high heat resistance and high thermal shock stability. The percentages given are percentages by weight. Dispersion hardening is brought about by the oxide phase (dispersoid) embedded in the alloy lattice, which consists of Al 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , La 2 O 3 and / or Y 2 O 3 .

Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, daß die nach der Erfindung zu verwendenden dispersionsgehärteten Eisen- und Nickelbasislegierungen gut schweißbar sind. Nach der Erfindung ist daher vorgesehen, daß die aus den dispersionsgehärteten Legierungen bestehenden Teile des Chargiergestells durch Schweißung miteinander verbunden sind. Das Schweißen erfolgt nach dem WIG-Verfahren (Schweißen mit einer nicht abschmelzenden Wolframelektrode in einem Inertgas) oder dem MIG/MAG-Verfahren (Schweißen mit abschmelzenden Elektroden in einem Inertgas, z. B. Argon oder einem Aktivgas, z. B. einem N2-O2-Gemisch). Beide Schweißverfahren sind an sich bekannt.Surprisingly, it has been shown that the dispersion-hardened iron and nickel-based alloys to be used according to the invention are readily weldable. According to the invention it is therefore provided that the parts of the charging frame consisting of the dispersion-hardened alloys are connected to one another by welding. The welding is carried out according to the TIG process (welding with a non-melting tungsten electrode in an inert gas) or the MIG / MAG process (welding with melting electrodes in an inert gas, e.g. argon or an active gas, e.g. an N) 2 -O 2 mixture). Both welding processes are known per se.

Nach der Erfindung hat es sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn die Trägerteile, die aus Siliciumcarbid, einem oxidkeramischen Werkstoff, einer Superlegierung oder Stahl bestehen, mit dem Rahmen durch mechanische Verbindungsmittel, die insbesondere lösbar sind, (z. B. Nieten, Schrauben, Steckverbindungen) miteinander verbunden werden. Durch die Verwendung mechanischer Verbindungsmittel wird die Kombination von dispersionsgehärteten Legierungen mit anderen Werkstoffen ermöglicht und die Lebensdauer des Chargiergestells erheblich verlängert. Nieten kommen nur dann zum Einsatz, wenn metallische Teile miteinander verbunden werden; lösbare mechanische Verbindungsmittel werden zur Verbindung von Metallteilen mit den aus den anderen Werkstoffen bestehenden Teilen verwendet.According to the invention, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the carrier parts, which consist of silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or steel, are connected to the frame by mechanical connecting means, which are in particular detachable (e.g. rivets, screws, Connectors). The use of mechanical fasteners enables the combination of dispersion-hardened alloys with other materials and considerably extends the service life of the charging frame. Rivets are only used when metallic parts are connected; Detachable mechanical connecting means are used to connect metal parts to the parts made of the other materials.

Der Gegenstand der Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. I
Chargiergestell, dessen Rahmen und Trägerteile aus einer dispersionsgehärteten Eisenbasislegierung bestehen,
Fig. Ia
Seitenansicht,
Fig. Ib
Draufsicht,
Fig. II
Chargiergestell, dessen Rahmen aus einer Nickelbasislegierung und dessen Trägerteile aus Al2O3 bestehen,
Fig. IIa
Draufsicht,
Fig. IIb
Seitenansicht,
Fig. IIc
Schnitt A-A aus Fig. IIa,
Fig. IId
Schnitt B-B aus Fig. IIa.
The object of the invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Fig. I
Charging frame, the frame and carrier parts of which are made from a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy,
Fig. Ia
Side view,
Fig. Ib
Top view,
Fig. II
Charging frame, the frame of which is made of a nickel-based alloy and the carrier parts of which are made of Al 2 O 3 ,
Fig. IIa
Top view,
Fig. IIb
Side view,
Fig. IIc
Section AA from Fig. IIa,
Fig. IId
Section BB from Fig. IIa.

Das in Fig. I dargestellte Chargiergestell besteht aus einem Rahmen, der von den Rahmenteilen (la) bis (ld) und (2a) bis (2e) gebildet wird. Die Rahmenteile (1a) bis (ld) haben eine rechteckige Form und sind mit zwei übereinanderliegenden Bohrungen versehen, durch welche die Rahmenteile (2a) bis (2d) geführt sind. Die Rahmenteile (2a) bis (2d) haben einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt. Das Chargiergestell besitzt fünf Trägerteile (3a) bis (3e), die als U-Profile geformt sind. Die Schenkel jedes U-Profils weisen zwei übereinanderliegende Bohrungen auf, in denen die Rahmenteile (2a) bis (2d) geführt sind. Die Basis jedes U-Profils weist mittig eine Bohrung auf, durch welche das Rahmenteil (2e) geführt wird.I consists of a frame which is formed by the frame parts (la) to (ld) and (2a) to (2e). The frame parts (1a) to (ld) have a rectangular shape and are provided with two bores one above the other through which the frame parts (2a) to (2d) are guided. The frame parts (2a) to (2d) have a circular cross section. The charging frame has five carrier parts (3a) to (3e), which are shaped as U-profiles. The legs of each U-profile have two bores one above the other in which the frame parts (2a) to (2d) are guided. The base of each U-profile has a hole in the center through which the frame part (2e) is guided.

Das in Fig. I dargestellte Chargiergestell hat die Form eines Rostes. Alle Teile des Chargiergestells bestehen aus einer dispersionsgehärteten Eisenbasislegierung, die 19 % Cr, 5,5 % Al, 0,5 % Ti, 0,5 % Y2O3 und Rest Eisen enthält. Die einzelnen Teile des Chargiergestells werden auf pulvermetallurgischem Weg durch mechanisches Legieren der Legierungsbestandteile, nachfolgende Heißverdichtung der Legierung und anschließende Umformung hergestellt. Das mechanische Legieren wird in einer Schutzgasatmosphäre aus Wasserstoff durchgeführt, wodurch die Schweißbarkeit der einzelnen Teile des Chargiergestells verbessert wird. Alle Teile des Chargiergestells sind miteinander verschweißt. Das Chargiergestell hat ein Gewicht von 2 kg und kann keramische Formteile mit einem Gesamtgewicht von 4 kg aufnehmen. Durch die sehr gute Thermoschock-Stabilität des zur Herstellung des Chargiergestells verwendeten dispersionsgehärteten Materials wird die Brennzeit für die keramischen Formteile um 4,5 Stunden reduziert (vom kalten Zustand zum kalten Zustand). Mit einem bekannten Chargiergestell aus keramischem Material ist eine Brennzeit von 20 Stunden erforderlich. Selbst nach Betriebszeiten von mehr als 1000 Stunden zeigt das erfindungsgemäße Chargiergestell keine durch Korrosion verursachte Schäden, obwohl die Ofenatmosphäre während des Brennprozesses einen erhöhten Gehalt an Schwefel- und Fluorverbindungen aufweist. Das Chargiergestell eignet sich für Brennprozesse, die bei 1100 bis 1400°C durchgeführt werden. Es ist möglich, das in Fig. I dargestellte Chargiergestell mit mehr als fünf Trägerteilen auszurüsten. Außerdem läßt die Gestaltung der Trägerteile als U-Profil das Stapeln mehrerer Chargiergestelle übereinander zu.The charging rack shown in Fig. I is in the form of a grate. All parts of the charging frame consist of a dispersion-hardened iron-based alloy containing 19% Cr, 5.5% Al, 0.5% Ti, 0.5% Y 2 O 3 and the rest iron. The individual parts of the charging frame are manufactured by powder metallurgy by mechanical alloying of the alloy components, subsequent hot compression of the alloy and subsequent forming. Mechanical alloying is carried out in a protective gas atmosphere made of hydrogen, which improves the weldability of the individual parts of the charging frame. All parts of the charging frame are welded together. The charging frame has a weight of 2 kg and can accommodate molded ceramic parts with a total weight of 4 kg. Due to the very good thermal shock stability The dispersion-hardened material used to manufacture the charging frame reduces the firing time for the ceramic molded parts by 4.5 hours (from the cold state to the cold state). With a known charging frame made of ceramic material, a burning time of 20 hours is required. Even after operating times of more than 1000 hours, the charging rack according to the invention shows no damage caused by corrosion, although the furnace atmosphere has an increased content of sulfur and fluorine compounds during the firing process. The charging rack is suitable for firing processes that are carried out at 1100 to 1400 ° C. It is possible to equip the charging rack shown in FIG. I with more than five carrier parts. In addition, the design of the support parts as a U-profile allows several charging racks to be stacked one on top of the other.

Das in Fig. II dargestellte Chargiergestell besteht aus einem Rahmen, der von den Rahmenteilen (4a) bis (4d) sowie (5a) und (5b) gebildet wird. Die Rahmenteile (4a) bis (4d) haben eine rechteckige Form und besitzen jeweils eine Ausnehmung, in denen die Rahmenteile (5a) und (5b) geführt sind, welche einen kreisförmigen Querschnitt besitzen. Die Rahmenteile bestehen aus einer dispersionsgehärteten Nickelbasislegierung, die 20 % Cr, 0,3 % Al, 0,5 % Ti, 0,6 % Y2O3 und Rest Nickel enthält und die auf pulvermetallurgischem Weg unter Verwendung von Wasserstoff als Schutzgas hergestellt wird. Alle Rahmenteile sind miteinander verschweißt.The charging frame shown in Fig. II consists of a frame which is formed by the frame parts (4a) to (4d) and (5a) and (5b). The frame parts (4a) to (4d) have a rectangular shape and each have a recess in which the frame parts (5a) and (5b) are guided, which have a circular cross section. The frame parts consist of a dispersion-hardened nickel-based alloy, which contains 20% Cr, 0.3% Al, 0.5% Ti, 0.6% Y 2 O 3 and the rest of nickel and which is produced by powder metallurgy using hydrogen as a protective gas . All frame parts are welded together.

Die Trägerteile (6a, 6b, 6c) bestehen aus Al2O3 und haben die Form eines T, wobei die waagerechte Fläche als Aufnahmefläche für die zu brennenden keramischen Formteile genutzt wird. Die Trägerteile (6a, 6b, 6c) werden mit den Rahmenteilen (5a) und (5b) in der Weise verbunden, daß in die stabförmigen Rahmenteile (5a) und (5b) Nuten eingebracht werden, die sich senkrecht über den halben Querschnitt der stabförmigen Rahmenteile (5a) und (5b) erstrecken. In diese Nuten wird das senkrechte Stück des T-förmigen Trägerteils so weit eingefügt, daß das waagerechte Stück des T mit dem stabförmigen Rahmenteil Kontakt hat. Diese Verbindung hat eine ausreichend hohe Festigkeit und gewährleistet die erforderliche Betriebssicherheit. Das in Fig. II dargestellte Chargiergestell kann vorteilhaft bei Brenntemperaturen von etwa 1000°C eingesetzt werden. Es ist möglich, mehrere dieser Chargiergestelle übereinander zu stapeln.The carrier parts (6a, 6b, 6c) consist of Al 2 O 3 and have the shape of a T, the horizontal surface being used as a receiving surface for the ceramic molded parts to be fired. The carrier parts (6a, 6b, 6c) are connected to the frame parts (5a) and (5b) in such a way that grooves are made in the rod-shaped frame parts (5a) and (5b) which extend perpendicularly over half the cross section of the rod-shaped frame parts (5a) and (5b) . In these grooves, the vertical piece of the T-shaped support part is inserted so far that the horizontal piece of the T has contact with the rod-shaped frame part. This connection has a sufficiently high strength and ensures the required operational safety. The charging rack shown in Fig. II can be used advantageously at firing temperatures of about 1000 ° C. It is possible to stack several of these charging racks on top of each other.

Claims (5)

  1. Charging rack for receiving shaped bodies made of ceramic and glass ceramic materials which are baked in a kiln, in particular a running kiln, the charging rack taking the form of a grate and comprising a frame, which is composed of a plurality of parts, and a plurality of support parts and the parts of the charging rack being made of fire-resistant materials, characterized in that the parts of the frame (la - d, 2a - g, 4a - d, 5a - b) are made of a dispersion-hardened, iron- or nickel-based alloy and the support parts (3a - e, 6a - c) are made of the same dispersion-hardened, iron- or nickel-based alloy or of silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or of steel.
  2. Charging rack according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispersion-hardened, iron-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 2 to 10% Al, 0 to 5% Ti, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0.1 to 2% Al2O3, ZrO2, La2O3 and/or Y2O3, the rest being Fe, and is manufactured by a powder metallurgy method using H2 as a protective gas during powder processing.
  3. Charging rack according to claim 1, characterized in that the dispersion-hardened, nickel-based alloy contains 10 to 40% Cr, 0.1 to 4% Al, 0 to 10% Mo, 0 to 5% W, 0 to 5% Ti, 0.1 to 2% Al2O3, ZrO2, La2O3 and/or Y2O3, the rest being Ni, and is manufactured by a powder metallurgy method using H2 as a protective gas during powder processing.
  4. Charging rack according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the parts made of the dispersion-hardened alloys are connected to one another by welding.
  5. Charging rack according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the support parts (3a - e, 6a - c), which are made of silicon carbide, an oxide ceramic material, a superalloy or of steel, with the frame are connected to one another by mechanical connection means which are in particular releasable.
EP94930222A 1993-10-30 1994-10-25 Charging rack for firing objects composed of ceramic or glass ceramic materials Expired - Lifetime EP0677162B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4337189A DE4337189C2 (en) 1993-10-30 1993-10-30 Charging rack for firing objects made of ceramic and glass-ceramic materials
DE4337189 1993-10-30
PCT/EP1994/003505 WO1995012796A1 (en) 1993-10-30 1994-10-25 Charging rack for firing objects composed of ceramic or glass ceramic materials

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EP0677162A1 EP0677162A1 (en) 1995-10-18
EP0677162B1 true EP0677162B1 (en) 1997-10-01

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US (1) US5667379A (en)
EP (1) EP0677162B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH08510046A (en)
AT (1) ATE158858T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4337189C2 (en)
ES (1) ES2108492T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1995012796A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
DE59404210D1 (en) 1997-11-06
US5667379A (en) 1997-09-16
DE4337189A1 (en) 1995-05-04
EP0677162A1 (en) 1995-10-18
ES2108492T3 (en) 1997-12-16
JPH08510046A (en) 1996-10-22
DE4337189C2 (en) 1995-11-09
WO1995012796A1 (en) 1995-05-11
ATE158858T1 (en) 1997-10-15

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