EP0676023B1 - Grate furnace - Google Patents
Grate furnace Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0676023B1 EP0676023B1 EP94904017A EP94904017A EP0676023B1 EP 0676023 B1 EP0676023 B1 EP 0676023B1 EP 94904017 A EP94904017 A EP 94904017A EP 94904017 A EP94904017 A EP 94904017A EP 0676023 B1 EP0676023 B1 EP 0676023B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- grate
- primary
- air
- chamber
- combustion chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion
- F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion by discharging the air below the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
- F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M9/00—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields
- F23M9/06—Baffles or deflectors for air or combustion products; Flame shields in fire-boxes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
- F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates
Definitions
- the present invention concerns a grate furnace for alternative fuel, as stated in the introductory part of claim 1.
- RDF Refuse Derived Fuel
- a furnace for combustion of RDF operates in a manner where the fuel is supplied at a grate which is located over a primary air chamber, the chamber often being divided in sections.
- the combustion furnace is divided into a primary chamber and a secondary chamber, where the fuel is combusted in two steps.
- US-A-3 808 619 discloses an incinerator having a first combustion chamber which receives the waste to be incinerated.
- An ignition-burner is provided in the first chamber to ignite the waste; the burner automatically turns off at waste incineration temperature.
- a second combustion chamber is spaced above and communicates with the first chamber. Separators are provided in each chamber for separating partially burned particles from the fully burned combustion gases and preventing the particles from rising beyond the respective separators.
- An after-burner is arranged to project a substantially horizontal flame into the second combustion chamber; the flame produced by the after-burner substantially filling the cylindrical second chamber and reducing any microscopic particles or unburned gases which have passed through the separators.
- a grate furnace generally denoted 1, which is divided into a primary chamber 2 and a secondary chamber 3.
- the primary and secondary chambers 2, 3 are protected by a surrounding insulation 4.
- a primary air chamber 5 which is divided into a plurality of sections for flexible supply of primary air and recirculated flue gas.
- a grate 6 adapted for energy-rich fuel (e.g. RDF).
- the grate 6 is cooled, e.g. by water.
- the grate is constructed to give a high pressure drop.
- a guillotine 8 controls the amount of fuel supplied by the feeder 7.
- the guillotine 8 ensures a good control option for the fuel height above the grate 6, and a stable and even fuel distribution over the entire width of the grate 6.
- the fuel is supplied from a fuel stock (not shown), by means of a feed screw 9, to a fuel container 18 in the area outside of the guillotine 8.
- the fuel container 18 is preferably insulated/cooled, so that it does not cause exhaust gas from the fuel to occur.
- the primary chamber 2 and the secondary chamber 3 are separated by a separating plate 10.
- the separating plate 10 is movable both in height and lateral direction, in order to vary the volume of the two chambers 2, 3 and furthermore, to direct the gas flow in the desired direction.
- the flow pattern can be influenced, and it can be determined whether the flue gas is to leave the primary chamber 2 at the leading edge, the trailing edge, or both.
- baffles 11 are arranged on the separating plate 10, to ensure good mixing and turbulence in the secondary chamber 3.
- the baffles are also movable to a desired position and may optionally be removed or interchanged with baffles having a different geometry.
- a baffle 12 Also in the top wall is arranged a baffle 12.
- An ash hopper 13 is arranged away from and below the grate 6 on the opposite side of the feeding area.
- a flue outlet 14 In the top wall of the combustion chamber is arranged at least a flue outlet 14.
- nozzles 16a for secondary air are arranged in the wall 4 of the combustion chamber.
- nozzles 16a for tertiary air are also arranged in the area 16b.
- the grate furnace 1 operates by dehydration, degassing and pyrolysis being carried out in the primary chamber 2.
- combustion of gases is performed.
- the temperature in the primary chamber 2 is preferably in the range 500-700 °C, while the secondary chamber has a temperature of approximately 1000 °C.
- the temperature in the primary chamber 2 is set to impede gasification of heavy metal, and the formation of cinders.
- the temperature in the secondary chamber 3 is set to ensure a good combustion of organic and chlororganic compounds.
- Low air velocity in the primary chamber is meant to restrict the transporting of dust particles.
- regulation of the temperature is determined by restricting the air supply to the primary chamber. This is performed by a plurality of the zones in the primary air chamber 5 being individually controlable, i.a. to avoid cooling in areas where the temperature is under control. By regulating the temperature control through air supply in the primary chamber, it is possible to stay below the critical temperatures at which cinder form.
- Output of flue gas at the flue gas outlets 14 should be varied dependent upon what flow pattern is desirable in the secondary chamber.
- a flue outlet is preferably situated both in the leading and the trailing edge of the secondary chamber 3.
- Secondary air nozzles 16a, 16b are dimensioned for the actual amount of air and the flow pattern desirable in the secondary chamber 3.
- the secondary air nozzles 16a, 16b are formed such that each can vary output velocity and output angle of the air.
- the location of the secondary air nozzles as shown is meant as an example.
- the nozzles 16a in the walls of the secondary air chamber are dimensioned on the basis of the volume of the secondary chamber in order to achieve velocity and a direction leading to good mixing.
- the air pre-heating in the wall between the combustion chamber 2, 3 and the fuel container 18 also provide insulation to the fuel container and prevent high temperatures in the fuel container.
- the heat output should, however, not be so great that the temperatures in the primary and secondary chamber 2, 3 are influenced to a negative degree.
- Fig. 2 there is shown a more detailed example of an embodiment of present invention. Broadly the construction and operational mode is similar to what is described above with reference to Fig. 1.
- the combustion chamber is divided into a primary chamber 2 and a secondary chamber 3 which is surrounded by an insulated steel mantel 4.
- the two chambers 2, 3 are separated by horizontal separating plate 10, which at its ends merges into vertical baffles 11. Turbulence in the secondary chamber is secured by vertical baffle 12.
- Below the grate 6 is arranged five primary air boxes 5 for distribution of primary air. These are furnished with supply pipes 21 for recirculated flue gas, and supply pipes 22 for primary air which is heated by a heat element 25.
- the guillotine 8 adjusts the height of the fuel being supplied to the grate 6.
- the fuel emerges from the cell feeder 9, which simultanously shuts off air to the fuel container 18 and provides for closing off the fuel feed.
- pre-combustion and glowing by means of adjusted air supply and resistance is performed in the ash combustion chamber 19.
- the grate 6 is cooled by the supply of cooling medium through the supply pipes 20.
- a cooling element 23 is arranged on the flue gas duct 14, so as to cool the flue gas before moving through the pipe 24.
- Fig. 2 there is shown an observation glass through which the combustion process can be observed.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
- Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (6)
- Grate furnace for different kind of waste material such as biomass, sludge, and derived fuel; comprising a primary combustion chamber (2) and a secondary combustion chamber (3), wherein a cooled grate (6) for fuel is arranged in the lower side of the primary combustion chamber (2), and air supply (5), arranged in a plurality of zones, is provided below the grate, furthermore are provided nozzles (15, 16) for supply of air to the primary and secondary combustion chambers (2, 3), the primary and the secondary combustion chambers (2, 3) being at least partly separated by a separation plate (10), characterized by the zones (5) being individually controllable and supplied with air and recirculated flue gas, preferably with a high temperature, and that at least one of the nozzles (15) is adjustable to screen the zone for the combustion of ash from the remaining combustion chamber and directed towards the grate (6), in order to ensure a glowing on the grate (6).
- Furnace according to claim 1,
characterized by the separation plate (10) being adjustable in lateral direction. - Furnace according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized by the separation plate (10) being adjustable in height direction. - Furnace according to any one of claims 1-3,
characterized by the separation plate (10) being provided with baffles (11), which can be moved on the separation plate, and can have different geometry. - Furnace according to any one of claims 1-4,
characterized by further baffles (12) being provided in the top wall of the combustion chamber. - Furnace according to any one of claims 1-5,
characterized by the mixing of air and flue gas to the zones (5) being controlled by measured values of the temperature in the primary and secondary combustion chambers (2, 3), respectively, and the composition of the exhaust through flue outlets (14).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NO925023 | 1992-12-28 | ||
NO19925023A NO176455B1 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1992-12-28 | grate furnace |
PCT/NO1993/000191 WO1994015148A1 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1993-12-14 | Grate furnace |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0676023A1 EP0676023A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
EP0676023B1 true EP0676023B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 |
Family
ID=19895706
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94904017A Expired - Lifetime EP0676023B1 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 1993-12-14 | Grate furnace |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0676023B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE168459T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU5823894A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69319741T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0676023T3 (en) |
NO (1) | NO176455B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1994015148A1 (en) |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US8961743B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2015-02-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Rapid thermal conversion of biomass |
US9044727B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2015-06-02 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US9102888B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-08-11 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods for renewable fuels with reduced waste streams |
US9127208B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2015-09-08 | Pharmatherm Chemicals, Inc. | Thermal extraction method and product |
US9347005B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2016-05-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US9441887B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2016-09-13 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Heat removal and recovery in biomass pyrolysis |
US10640719B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2020-05-05 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ATE191552T1 (en) * | 1995-07-20 | 2000-04-15 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | METHOD FOR COMBUSTING SUBSTANCES TO BE THERMALLY TREATED |
NO975397A (en) | 1997-11-25 | 1998-12-14 | Energos Asa | Device for incinerator for solid fuel |
RU2175421C1 (en) * | 2000-11-09 | 2001-10-27 | Аристархов Дмитрий Викторович | Furnace device |
US6913457B2 (en) | 2003-07-30 | 2005-07-05 | American Air Liquide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for optimized CO post-combustion in low NOx combustion processes |
US20110284359A1 (en) | 2010-05-20 | 2011-11-24 | Uop Llc | Processes for controlling afterburn in a reheater and for controlling loss of entrained solid particles in combustion product flue gas |
US10400175B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2019-09-03 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US10041667B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2018-08-07 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material and methods for the same |
US9670413B2 (en) | 2012-06-28 | 2017-06-06 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for thermally converting biomass |
CN104359100B (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2016-08-17 | 合肥工业大学 | A kind of generating power with biomass combustion boiler |
DK3337966T3 (en) | 2015-08-21 | 2022-02-28 | Ensyn Renewables Inc | HEATING SYSTEM WITH LIQUID BIOMASS |
CN105889901B (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2018-02-27 | 佳木斯大学 | A kind of fixed grate boiler for the square bale stalk that burns |
CN110366448B (en) | 2016-12-29 | 2023-05-02 | 安辛可再生能源有限公司 | Demetallization of liquid biomass |
NO20170697A1 (en) * | 2017-04-26 | 2018-09-24 | Aitos Gasification Tech As | Furnace for gasification and oxidation of solid fuel |
EP3765791A1 (en) * | 2018-08-23 | 2021-01-20 | Ivo Kreca | Process and device for improving of synthesis and/or flue gas velocity field for refuse derived fuel applications |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE628089C (en) * | 1936-03-28 | Babcock & Wilcox Dampfkessel W | Advance firing with nozzles provided on the front and rear walls above the grate for sucking in and blowing in smoke gases or air | |
FR47268E (en) * | 1936-04-17 | 1937-03-05 | Coal boiler | |
DE929082C (en) * | 1950-03-09 | 1955-06-20 | Mont Kessel Herpen & Co K G | Firing for pipe steam generator |
DE1057276B (en) * | 1956-03-03 | 1959-05-14 | Rudolf Hingst Dipl Ing | Device to improve the ignition of solid fuels in furnaces with a feed movement of the fuel for steam boilers |
SE305274B (en) * | 1963-04-24 | 1968-10-21 | Destructor Ab | |
US3808619A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1974-05-07 | D Vanderveer | Pollution-free incineration system |
SE8101498L (en) * | 1981-03-10 | 1982-09-11 | Megaron Hb | DEVICE FOR FUEL OF SOLID FUEL |
SE445771B (en) * | 1983-10-24 | 1986-07-14 | Scandiaconsult Ab | PROCEDURE AND DEVICE FOR BURNING THE SOLID FUEL, MAINLY IN PIECE |
DE59003177D1 (en) * | 1989-02-09 | 1993-12-02 | W & E Umwelttechnik Ag Zuerich | Waste incineration plant and procedures for your operation. |
-
1992
- 1992-12-28 NO NO19925023A patent/NO176455B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1993
- 1993-12-14 EP EP94904017A patent/EP0676023B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-14 DK DK94904017T patent/DK0676023T3/en active
- 1993-12-14 AU AU58238/94A patent/AU5823894A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-12-14 WO PCT/NO1993/000191 patent/WO1994015148A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-12-14 DE DE69319741T patent/DE69319741T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-12-14 AT AT94904017T patent/ATE168459T1/en active
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9127208B2 (en) | 2006-04-03 | 2015-09-08 | Pharmatherm Chemicals, Inc. | Thermal extraction method and product |
US8961743B2 (en) | 2007-11-20 | 2015-02-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Rapid thermal conversion of biomass |
US9441887B2 (en) | 2011-02-22 | 2016-09-13 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Heat removal and recovery in biomass pyrolysis |
US9347005B2 (en) | 2011-09-13 | 2016-05-24 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods and apparatuses for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US9044727B2 (en) | 2011-09-22 | 2015-06-02 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Apparatuses and methods for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material |
US9102890B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-08-11 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Fluidized catalytic cracking apparatus |
US9120990B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-09-01 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems for fuels from biomass |
US9120989B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-09-01 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Generating cellulosic-renewable identification numbers in a refinery |
US9120988B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-09-01 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods to increase gasoline yield |
US9109177B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-08-18 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US9127224B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-09-08 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | External steam reduction method in a fluidized catalytic cracker |
US9127223B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-09-08 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
US9102889B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-08-11 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Fluidized catalytic cracker riser quench system |
US9410091B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2016-08-09 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Preparing a fuel from liquid biomass |
US9422485B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2016-08-23 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Method of trading cellulosic-renewable identification numbers |
US9102888B2 (en) | 2011-12-12 | 2015-08-11 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Methods for renewable fuels with reduced waste streams |
US10640719B2 (en) | 2013-06-26 | 2020-05-05 | Ensyn Renewables, Inc. | Systems and methods for renewable fuel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NO925023D0 (en) | 1992-12-28 |
WO1994015148A1 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
NO176455B (en) | 1994-12-27 |
EP0676023A1 (en) | 1995-10-11 |
NO176455C (en) | 1995-04-05 |
NO176455B1 (en) | 1995-04-24 |
NO925023A (en) | 1994-06-29 |
ATE168459T1 (en) | 1998-08-15 |
AU5823894A (en) | 1994-07-19 |
DK0676023T3 (en) | 1999-04-19 |
DE69319741T2 (en) | 1999-02-11 |
DE69319741D1 (en) | 1998-08-20 |
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