EP0675249B1 - Process to control the use of a vehicle by using a two parts coded signal - Google Patents
Process to control the use of a vehicle by using a two parts coded signal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0675249B1 EP0675249B1 EP95101016A EP95101016A EP0675249B1 EP 0675249 B1 EP0675249 B1 EP 0675249B1 EP 95101016 A EP95101016 A EP 95101016A EP 95101016 A EP95101016 A EP 95101016A EP 0675249 B1 EP0675249 B1 EP 0675249B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- code signal
- code
- vehicle
- part code
- read
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/21—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass having a variable access code
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/00388—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks code verification carried out according to the challenge/response method
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
- G07C2009/0042—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the transmitted data signal containing a code which is changed
- G07C2009/00476—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the transmitted data signal containing a code which is changed dynamically
- G07C2009/00484—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks the transmitted data signal containing a code which is changed dynamically whereby the code is a variable code
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
- G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method according to the Preamble of claim 1.
- the structure of the code signal from two parts is fundamental known from German Patent 29 28 913. there the two partial code signals are usually without special Collateral readable. This results in that Problem that the content of the code signal is unjustified can be copied and thus for the unauthorized it is possible to use the motor vehicle.
- the invention has for its object a method of the type mentioned to create an improved Safety when using the motor vehicle with simple means achieved. This task is accomplished by the characterizing features of claim 1 solved.
- the invention is further illustrated by the drawing.
- This shows the dialogue between in the manner of a flow chart a portable code memory and a vehicle-fixed Code comparator.
- the one shown in diagrams a to f This dialogue is preferably carried out wireless.
- the code memory S sits in a portable housing Z (svw. ignition key). It has a block structure like it is known in principle from DE 42 05 567 A1.
- the Blocks marked with numbers 1 to 7 are in the frame of the invention only with regard to blocks 1 to 3 of interest.
- Block 1 is not part of one shown access control device for blocks 1 to 7, which cooperate with the memory S Microprocessor (not shown) provided in the housing Z. is.
- the access control device is controlled by indicator RFB for the number of the first readable memory blocks and RLB for the number of the as last readable memory block. Access to the access control facility can also be password protected his. It is essential that the Access control device only from one in the motor vehicle provided or contained code comparator V controlled can be.
- the code comparator is not in detail shown. He sits in the car and takes the from Memory S readable contents of the memory blocks.
- the one explained below and using diagrams a to f Dialog should, for example, when inserting and pressing the mechanical ignition key in an ignition lock respectively. But it is just as possible to do this Dialogue in addition or instead when unlocking the Motor vehicle to make.
- the memory S sits for this in an ignition key Z, which is in a not shown Castle is introduced and a query by the Code comparator V triggers.
- the dialogue is preferably carried out wirelessly with the help of a coil Sp, through a Transmitter IC is controlled.
- the first (diagram a) is that contained in block 3 first partial code signal read out and via the coil Sp in entered the code comparator V.
- the indicator contains RFB the designation of the first block (3) that can be read out is.
- This first partial code signal contains information individualized for each memory or key and is not changed. So that will it is possible for the code comparator V, one of several authorized users based on those contained in block 3 Recognize key identification.
- the information contained in block 2 represents the second Partial code signal that is now read out and in the comparator V with the corresponding reference part code signal is compared. If there is also agreement here, i.e. is the total of the two partial code signals Code signal identical to the expected code signal, the comparator switches a drive control unit M free.
- the comparator V is a new second Partial code signal written back. It can happen is a random number. This gets through on the an arrow path to the memory S and is as new change code stored in block 2. This process is shown in diagram d.
- the content of the memory S in stage f differs from that in level a in terms of content of block 2. This content is no longer readable, on the other hand, however, he is initially opposed to it (Diagram a) existing content changed. So that will the change code is protected against reading. On the other hand even if it succeeds, the change code anyway "cracking" ensured that after the next Use of the motor vehicle by the turn changed change code a protection against an abusive Use of the motor vehicle is reached.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren nach dem
Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method according to the
Preamble of
Der Aufbau des Codesignals aus zwei Teilen ist grundsätzlich aus dem Deutschen Patent 29 28 913 bekannt. Dabei sind die beiden Teil-Codesignale in der Regel ohne besondere Sicherheiten auslesbar. Dadurch ergibt sich das Problem, daß der Inhalt des Codesignals unberechtigterweise kopiert werden kann und damit für den Unberechtigten die Möglichkeit besteht, das Kraftfahrzeug zu benutzen.The structure of the code signal from two parts is fundamental known from German Patent 29 28 913. there the two partial code signals are usually without special Collateral readable. This results in that Problem that the content of the code signal is unjustified can be copied and thus for the unauthorized it is possible to use the motor vehicle.
Zwar wird versucht, dieser Gefahr dadurch zu begegnen, daß zumindest ein Teil-Codesignal bei jeder Benutzung des Kraftfahrzeugs geändert wird und das Kopieren der für die letzte Benutzung des Kraftfahrzeugs maßgeblichen Codesignals aufgrund des für den nächste Benutzung maßgeblichen geänderten Codesignals keine Möglichkeit eröffnet, das Kraftfahrzeug mit dem "alten" Codesignal zu benutzen. Diese Lösung ist jedoch einerseits aufwendig, da sie im Codespeicher und im Codevergleicher eine Synchronisation der Code-Änderung erfordert. Besteht beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, für den Codespeicher einen Benutzungsvorgang zu simulieren und entsprechend das Codesignal zu ändern, so können sich Probleme bei der Synchronisation ergeben. An attempt is being made to counter this danger by that at least a partial code signal each time the Motor vehicle is changed and copied for last use of the motor vehicle relevant code signal due to the relevant for the next use changed code signal no possibility that To use motor vehicle with the "old" code signal. However, this solution is complex on the one hand because it is in the Code memory and synchronization in the code comparator the code change requires. For example, if Possibility of a usage process for the code memory to simulate and change the code signal accordingly, this can lead to problems with the synchronization.
Hinzu kommt die prinzipielle Möglichkeit, den für die Änderung des Codesignals in der Regel verwendeten Algorithmus in Erfahrung zu bringen und aus dem bei der letzten Benutzung gültigen Codesignal auf den für die nächste Benutzung erwarteten Code zu schließen.In addition, there is the basic possibility for the change of the code signal usually used to find out and from the last one Use valid code signal on the one for the next Use expected code to close.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren
der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, das eine verbesserte
Sicherheit bei der Benutzung des Kraftfahrzeugs mit
einfachen Mitteln erreicht. Diese Aufgabe wird durch die
kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention has for its object a method
of the type mentioned to create an improved
Safety when using the motor vehicle with
simple means achieved. This task is accomplished by the
characterizing features of
Von den beiden Teil-Codesignalen ist jeweils nur eines auslesbar. Auch dann, wenn der Codespeicher in die Hände eines Unberechtigten gerät, kann das zweite Teil-Codesignal nicht ausgelesen werden, da dies nur mit Hilfe des Codevergleichers gesteuert möglich ist. Voraussetzung hierfür ist, daß der Codevergleicher die Übereinstimmung des ersten Teil-Codesignals erkennt. Da die beiden Teil-Codesignale voneinander unabhängig sind, läßt sich aus der Kenntnis nur eines Teil-Codesignals keinerlei Aussage über das andere Teil-Codesignal treffen. Damit aber ist ein wirksamer Schutz vor einem Kopieren des gesamten Codesignals erzielt.Only one of the two partial code signals is used readable. Even if the code memory is in your hands of an unauthorized person, the second partial code signal cannot be read out, as this can only be done with the help of Code comparator controlled is possible. requirement for this is that the code comparator matches recognizes the first partial code signal. Because the two part code signals are independent of each other knowing only a partial code signal makes no statement hit over the other partial code signal. But with that is effective protection against copying of the entire code signal achieved.
Verbesserungen und weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung
sind Gegenstand der Patentansprüche 2 bis 5. Die erzielten
Vorteile und Verbesserungen bestehen für den Patentanspruch
Die Erfindung ist anhand der Zeichnung weiter erläutert. Diese zeigt nach Art eines Ablaufschemas den Dialog zwischen einem tragbaren Codespeicher und einem fahrzeugfesten Codevergleicher. Der in den Diagrammen a bis f dargestellte Ablauf dieses Dialogs erfolgt vorzugsweise drahtlos.The invention is further illustrated by the drawing. This shows the dialogue between in the manner of a flow chart a portable code memory and a vehicle-fixed Code comparator. The one shown in diagrams a to f This dialogue is preferably carried out wireless.
Der Codespeicher S sitzt in einem tragbaren Gehäuse Z
(svw. Zündschlüssel). Er besitzt eine Blockstruktur, wie
sie im Prinzip aus der DE 42 05 567 A1 bekannt ist. Die
mit Ziffern 1 bis 7 bezeichneten Blöcke sind im Rahmen
der Erfindung nur hinsichtlich der Blöcke 1 bis 3 von Interesse.
Der Block 1 ist Teil einer nicht im einzelnen
dargestellten Zugangskontrolleinrichtung für die Blöcke 1
bis 7, die durch einen mit dem Speicher S zusammenwirkenden
Mikroprozessor (nicht dargestellt) im Gehäuse Z vorgesehen
ist. Die Zugangskontrolleinrichtung wird gesteuert
durch Anzeiger RFB für die Nummer des als erstes
auslesbaren Speicherblocks und RLB für die Nummer des als
letztes auslesbaren Speicherblocks. Der Zugang zu der Zugangskontrolleinrichtung
kann zusätzlich passwortgeschützt
sein. Wesentlich ist, daß die
Zugangskontrolleinrichtung nur von einem im Kraftfahrzeug
vorgesehenen oder enthaltenen Codevergleicher V gesteuert
werden kann. Der Codevergleicher ist nicht im einzelnen
dargestellt. Er sitzt im Kraftfahrzeug und nimmt die vom
Speicher S auslesbaren Inhalte der Speicherblöcke auf.The code memory S sits in a portable housing Z
(svw. ignition key). It has a block structure like
it is known in principle from DE 42 05 567 A1. The
Blocks marked with
Der im folgenden und anhand der Diagramme a bis f erläuterte Dialog soll beispielsweise bei Einführen und Betätigen des mechanischen Zündschlüssels in einem Zündschloß erfolgen. Es ist aber genauso gut auch möglich, diesen Dialog ergänzend oder stattdessen bei Aufschließen des Kraftfahrzeugs vorzunehmen. Der Speicher S sitzt hierzu in einem Zündschlüssel Z, der in ein nicht dargestelltes Schloß eingeführt wird und dabei eine Abfrage durch den Codevergleicher V auslöst. Der Dialog erfolgt vorzugsweise drahtlos mit Hilfe einer Spule Sp, die durch ein Transmitter-IC gesteuert wird.The one explained below and using diagrams a to f Dialog should, for example, when inserting and pressing the mechanical ignition key in an ignition lock respectively. But it is just as possible to do this Dialogue in addition or instead when unlocking the Motor vehicle to make. The memory S sits for this in an ignition key Z, which is in a not shown Castle is introduced and a query by the Code comparator V triggers. The dialogue is preferably carried out wirelessly with the help of a coil Sp, through a Transmitter IC is controlled.
Als erstes (Diagramm a) wird das im Block 3 enthaltene
erste Teil-Codesignal ausgelesen und über die Spule Sp in
den Codevergleicher V eingegeben. Der Anzeiger RFB enthält
die Bezeichnung des ersten Blocks (3), der auslesbar
ist. Dieses erste Teil-Codesignal enthält eine Information,
die speicher- bzw. schlüsselspezifisch individualisiert
ist und die nicht verändert wird. Damit wird
es für den Codevergleicher V möglich, einen von mehreren
berechtigten Benutzer anhand der im Block 3 enthaltenen
Schlüsselidentifikation zu erkennen.The first (diagram a) is that contained in
Stimmt das erste Teil-Codesignal mit dem im Vergleicher V
vorhandenen und von diesem erwarteten Referenz-Teil-Codesignal
überein, so steuert der Vergleicher über das
Transmitter-IC und die Spule Sp die Anzeiger RFB und RLB
(Block 1) in der im Diagramm b dargestellten Weise. Die
Information RFB''2 und RLB''2 bezeichnet damit nur den
Block 2, der allein auslesbar ist. Does the first partial code signal match that in the comparator V
existing and expected from this reference part code signal
match, the comparator controls over that
Transmitter IC and the coil Sp the indicators RFB and RLB
(Block 1) in the manner shown in diagram b. The
Information RFB''2 and RLB''2 thus only denotes the
Die im Block 2 enthaltene Information stellt das zweite
Teil-Codesignal dar, das nunmehr ausgelesen und im Vergleicher
V mit dem entsprechenden Referenz-Teil-Codesignal
verglichen wird. Liegt auch hier Übereinstimmung vor,
d.h. ist das Gesamte aus den beiden Teil-Codesignalen gebildete
Codesignal identisch mit dem erwarteten Codesignal,
so schaltet der Vergleicher ein Antriebs-Steuergerät
M frei.The information contained in
Im Anschluß daran wird vom Vergleicher V ein neues zweites
Teil-Codesignal zurückgeschrieben. Es kann sich dabei
um eine Zufallszahl handeln. Diese gelangt auf dem durch
einen Pfeil dargestellten Weg zum Speicher S und wird als
neuer Wechselcode im Block 2 gespeichert. Dieser Vorgang
ist im Diagramm d dargestellt.Subsequently, the comparator V is a new second
Partial code signal written back. It can happen
is a random number. This gets through on the
an arrow path to the memory S and is as
new change code stored in
Um sicherzustellen, daß der Wechselcode tatsächlich richtig
gespeichert wurde, wird er erneut ausgelesen und im
Vergleicher mit dem in der vorangegangenen Verfahrensstufe
(Diagramm d) ausgesandten Wechselcode verglichen
(Diagramm e). Stimmt der Wechselcode überein, so wird
durch den Vergleicher V der Inhalt des Blocks 1 wieder
verändert und der ursprüngliche (Diagramm a) vorhandene
Zustand eingestellt. Die Information im Feld RFB (= 3)
bedeutet, daß jetzt wieder der Block 3 als erstes auslesbar
ist, während der Inhalt des Blocks 2, d.h. der Wechselcode,
zugriffsgeschützt ist.To ensure that the switch code is actually correct
has been saved, it is read out again and in
Comparator with that in the previous process stage
(Diagram d) compared alternating code sent
(Diagram e). If the change code matches, then
through the comparator V the content of
Der Inhalt des Speichers S in der Stufe f unterscheidet
sich von dem in der Stufe a somit hinsichtlich des Inhalts
des Blocks 2. Dieser Inhalt ist nicht mehr auslesbar,
er ist andererseits aber gegenüber dem zunächst
(Diagramm a) vorliegenden Inhalt verändert. Damit wird
der Wechselcode vor Auslesen geschützt. Andererseits ist
auch dann, wenn es gelingen sollte, den Wechselcode
trotzdem zu "knacken" sichergestellt, daß nach der nächsten
Benutzung des Kraftfahrzeugs durch den dann wiederum
geänderten Wechselcode ein Schutz vor einer mißbräuchlichen
Benutzung des Kraftfahrzeugs erreicht ist.The content of the memory S in stage f differs
differs from that in level a in terms of content
of
Claims (5)
- A process for controlling the use of a motor vehicle with the aid of a code signal comprising two parts, which is contained in a code store (S) carried by the user, with a code comparator (V) which is contained in the vehicle and into which the code signal is entered and which releases the use on agreement with a reference code signal, characterised in that by means of an access control device controlled by the code converter (V) in each case only a part code signal is released for a read-out process and that the release for a second part code signal (2) is only provided when a first read-out code signal (3) agrees with the corresponding reference part code signal.
- A process according to Claim 1, characterised in that the first part code signal read out is individualised and specific to the store and is not changed.
- A process according to Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the second part code signal is changed on each use of the motor vehicle.
- A process according to Claim 3, characterised in that the second part code signal is written in during a previous use of the vehicle.
- A process according to Claim 3 or Claim 4, characterised in that the second part code signal is read afresh after being written in and that on agreement with the part code signal written in, only the first part code signal is released to be read by the access control device.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4411435 | 1994-03-31 | ||
DE4411435A DE4411435A1 (en) | 1994-03-31 | 1994-03-31 | Method for controlling the use of a motor vehicle using a two-part code signal |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0675249A1 EP0675249A1 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
EP0675249B1 true EP0675249B1 (en) | 2001-07-18 |
Family
ID=6514475
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP95101016A Expired - Lifetime EP0675249B1 (en) | 1994-03-31 | 1995-01-26 | Process to control the use of a vehicle by using a two parts coded signal |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5811885A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0675249B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4411435A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2159576T3 (en) |
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DE4239271A1 (en) * | 1991-11-21 | 1993-10-14 | Thomson Brandt Gmbh | Anti-theft system for vehicle using transmitted signals - has transmitter initiated by signal when object removed ,which provides identification data and also GPS location data |
DE4205567A1 (en) | 1992-02-22 | 1993-08-26 | Philips Patentverwaltung | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING ACCESS TO A STORAGE AND ARRANGEMENT FOR IMPLEMENTING THE METHOD |
US5191610A (en) * | 1992-02-28 | 1993-03-02 | United Technologies Automotive, Inc. | Remote operating system having secure communication of encoded messages and automatic re-synchronization |
US5442341A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1995-08-15 | Trw Inc. | Remote control security system |
DE4308899C1 (en) * | 1993-03-19 | 1994-02-03 | Siemens Ag | Remote-controlled vehicle locking using dialogue method - transmitting successive signals having respective codes between key transmitter and lock, each code being verified |
DE9306264U1 (en) * | 1993-04-26 | 1993-07-08 | Argus Security Corp., San Chong, Taipeh | Remote control keys for motor vehicles |
DE9307176U1 (en) * | 1993-05-07 | 1993-07-22 | Hartmann, Friedrich, 24253 Probsteierhagen | Electronic anti-theft device for passenger cars |
US5473200A (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1995-12-05 | Depromax Limited | Frequency modulation digital code anti-theft system |
US5420925A (en) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-05-30 | Lectron Products, Inc. | Rolling code encryption process for remote keyless entry system |
-
1994
- 1994-03-31 DE DE4411435A patent/DE4411435A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1995
- 1995-01-26 EP EP95101016A patent/EP0675249B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-26 ES ES95101016T patent/ES2159576T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-01-26 DE DE59509413T patent/DE59509413D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1995-03-31 US US08/413,723 patent/US5811885A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE4411435A1 (en) | 1995-10-05 |
ES2159576T3 (en) | 2001-10-16 |
US5811885A (en) | 1998-09-22 |
DE59509413D1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
EP0675249A1 (en) | 1995-10-04 |
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