EP0674566B1 - Verfahren zur kontrolle und steuerung von der spannung in gewindebolzen - Google Patents

Verfahren zur kontrolle und steuerung von der spannung in gewindebolzen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0674566B1
EP0674566B1 EP93902338A EP93902338A EP0674566B1 EP 0674566 B1 EP0674566 B1 EP 0674566B1 EP 93902338 A EP93902338 A EP 93902338A EP 93902338 A EP93902338 A EP 93902338A EP 0674566 B1 EP0674566 B1 EP 0674566B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
force
screwing
mounting element
value
action
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP93902338A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0674566A1 (de
Inventor
Jean-Marc Chastel
Didier Rey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ciandar
Original Assignee
Ciandar
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ciandar filed Critical Ciandar
Publication of EP0674566A1 publication Critical patent/EP0674566A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0674566B1 publication Critical patent/EP0674566B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B23/00—Details of, or accessories for, spanners, wrenches, screwdrivers
    • B25B23/14—Arrangement of torque limiters or torque indicators in wrenches or screwdrivers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling and controlling the tension of a threaded member, such as a screw, bolt, nut, or other threaded fastening elements used in particular but not exclusively in screwed assemblies.
  • a threaded member such as a screw, bolt, nut, or other threaded fastening elements used in particular but not exclusively in screwed assemblies.
  • the purpose of the calculation notes for screwed connections is to determine the preload to be applied to the connection according to the payload (or service load) to which the connection will be subjected in its use and a dependent tightening factor the precision of the means for applying this preload.
  • the tension to be applied in a threaded fastener is generally achieved by transforming a rotational force into a tensile force generated by the helical size of the element's thread.
  • This transformation has an imperfect yield mainly due to the friction losses of the surfaces in contact; therefore it will be necessary to apply a rotational force (torque) greater than the rotational force useful for this transformation.
  • a first improvement in the variation of the tension generated by the torque was to associate the angle of rotation from a certain torque. Indeed the elongation of the fastening element which causes the tension is proportional to the angle of rotation. This proportion must be determined beforehand because it is the result of the assembly and not of the fixing element. Voltage dispersion is improved under special conditions due to preparatory testing and geometric specifications of the engaging parts which can be costly. In addition, the risk of penetration into a plastic zone is not excluded due to the variability of the starting point of the angle measurement, in principle called the pre-tightening torque. It should be noted that the pre-tightening torque can be an accidental torque, for example kneading the threads; in this case, the tension will be far from being achieved.
  • the elastic limit point can be that of the first element which flares up in the chain of action and mechanical reaction.
  • this method requires additional precautions generating costs.
  • This method offers an accuracy of ⁇ 10% on the tension of a single point exploiting the full capacity of the fastening element for preload.
  • the major drawback of this method is the penetration, even minimal, in the plastic area of the fastening element. Attempts to control and / or control the slope (directing coefficient of the tangent to the curve) at any point in the elastic zone have proved to be imprecise and dispersive. In this case, the dispersion of the torque due to friction is cumulated and the dispersion of the angle due to the flexibility of the assembly.
  • This method is based on the variation of a travel time of the sound propagating only inside the fixing element and it is freed from all the other parameters not linked to the element as well as variations of the thickness of the engaging parts.
  • the variation in travel time is in theory the direct representation of the elongation.
  • the tension / elongation relationship is linked to the resistance of the material, to its section and to its initial length.
  • This purely comparative method requires a modeling (specimen element) of the fixing element which will be tested for the determination of a variation of a specific travel time at a given tension.
  • the determined elongation is only a small part of the actual length of the fastener. Indeed, when it comes to the propagation of a sound, only the stretched part of the fixing element participates in the elongation.
  • This stretched part depends on the thickness of the parts in engagement.
  • the machining tolerances have a direct impact on the elongation observed.
  • the fixing element intervenes in its geometrical dimensions in particular for the total variation of the travel time which depends on the length of the element relative to its stretched part. This variation has repercussions on the journey time and on its variation in the ratio of stretched length / total length.
  • the parallelism of the reflection planes of the ultrasonic waves (essentially for a screw, the head and the bottom of the rod) intervenes directly in the effective position of the member for measuring the travel time.
  • the elongation measurement must be carried out during the rise in tension of the element because the repositioning introduces errors which can double the degree of inaccuracy of the ultrasonic method.
  • the precision of the effective measurement of the tension is similar to that of the elastic limit with the advantage of being able to be located at any point of the admissible load of the fastening element, with however the disadvantage of being only a probability of tension taking into account the reference to a specimen (theoretical model) resulting from the average treatment of a batch of fastening elements.
  • This accumulated energy (1) is returned to the unscrewing due to the reversibility of the fastening element due to its pitch with helical size and to the potential energy residing in the screwed assembly.
  • This accumulated energy is not apparent and represents only a fraction of the energy applied due to the energy consumed by friction which in particular prevents spontaneous unscrewing of the fixing element.
  • These frictions exist in an equivalent manner to screwing and unscrewing and are caused by the parts of the surfaces in contact with the various elements making up the assembly. Therefore there is a difference in energy applied to the screwing and unscrewing due to the energy which is accumulated at the screwing and returned to the unscrewing while the energy consumed by friction is constant.
  • the tension force in tension or in compression
  • the tension force can be controlled as a function proportional to the difference between the torque applied to the screwing, in particular the maximum torque at the stopping point, and the torque applied to the unscrewing, more particularly the maximum unscrewing torque, difference divided by (P / ⁇ ), quantity proportional to the thread pitch.
  • the quantity (P / ⁇ ) constitutes a constant which allows the immediate transformation of the difference of the couples of the action of screwing, then of unscrewing a threaded fixing element, expressed in newton-meter (Nm) in a tension expressed in Newton (N), whose precision directly follows the precision of the torques.
  • Document DE-A-4024577 reveals a process which is based on the same theoretical basis as the aforementioned document EP-A-0096620, and which essentially has the same shortcomings, explained above in points 1), 2) and 3), even if it remedies the disadvantage of point 4) by replacing the notion of derivation (gradient) with a proposal for integration.
  • this document DE-A-4024577 is based on incorrect proportionality formulas, and it involves an empirical correction factor, resulting in an imprecision of the results.
  • the present invention aims to avoid the shortcomings of known methods, by providing a new method based on an improved principle and specific operating procedures, allowing good reproducibility and improved precision, by excluding any arbitrary correction. , empirical or statistical.
  • the invention provides that the sampling of these torque values is carried out either statically at the rest limit for screwing and unscrewing, or dynamically, in a succession of concordant screwing positions and unscrewing, in the context of a screwing-unscrewing action carried out only once, or of a screwing-unscrewing action repeated iteratively, or of a screwing-unscrewing-screwing action of said threaded member.
  • a first embodiment of the method according to the invention consists in applying this method to a voltage measurement, using manual, mechanical, pneumatic, hydraulic or electric motor means capable, by means of a device for coupling on the threaded fixing element of an assembly, to ensure a controlled effort of rotation of this fixing element.
  • the element representative of the energy can be any element giving the image of the torque of the motor means (intensity, voltage, pressure, etc.) by a constant or a function f (x), but also the moment of a mechanical means using the flexion or torsion of an organ for which the transformer is not necessarily a constant, but can also be a function (x).
  • the element representative of the energy can be any element giving the image of the torque of the motor means (intensity, voltage, pressure, etc.) by a constant or a function f (x), but also the moment of a mechanical means using the flexion or torsion of an organ for which the transformer is not necessarily a constant, but can also be a function f (x).
  • the indirect relation is established for the expression of the tension force in another measurement system, by an additional coefficient restoring the coherence between the units of force, and the units of distance.
  • a simple servo-control is carried out in successive approximations (iterative method).
  • the previously defined action is exercised, repeated as many times as necessary until the ratio of the necessary tension force to the existing tension force is equal to 1.
  • the value of the screwing / unscrewing force can be moderated by a coefficient (of reduction) suitable for ensuring the convergence of the action towards the tension required in a number of strokes defined by the precision sought in the control of the action.
  • This re-screwing action can be moderated both in the chosen position and in the value of the force in order to anticipate the inertia of the motor means used.
  • This moderation could be a stored constant corresponding to a given rotation force, or deduced from the stopping phases of said means when the different values of rotation force are sampled on the fixing element.
  • This re-screwing action can be corrected both in the chosen position and in the value of the force in order to integrate the torsion of the motor means, in particular when the position sensor is not integral with the fixing element or of the coupling member.
  • This correction may come from a memorized correction table deduced from the torsional slope, that is to say from the ratio of the rotational force to its effective position.
  • the concordance of the screwing / unscrewing positions can be achieved by correlation of the position at the maximum screwing effort with the position at the maximum unscrewing force, by disregarding in this case the notion of torsion slope.
  • This re-screwing action may be moderated both in the chosen position and in the value of the force in order to anticipate the inertia of the motor means used.
  • This moderation could be a stored constant corresponding to a given rotational force, or deduced from the stopping phase of said means when unscrewing.
  • This re-screwing action can be corrected both in the chosen position and in the value of the force in order to integrate the torsion of the motor means, in particular when the position sensor is not integral with the fixing element. or the coupling member.
  • This correction may come from a memorized correction table deduced from the torsional slope, that is to say from the ratio of the rotational force to its effective position.
  • the position sensor sees the position of the fastening element through an assembly which deforms in proportion to the force of rotation applied by the motor means. As long as the resistive torque is not exceeded by the motor torque, the fastening element has not started its rotation while the position sensor registers a displacement proportional to the applied torque.
  • the effective position is masked by an apparent position due to the deformation of the reaction chain.
  • the torsional slope is established from the ratio of the value of the rotational force to the value of the position observed.
  • the tangent to this slope is established by the variation of the value of the rotational force on the variation of the position value. The sudden change in the directing coefficient of the tangent to this slope, during the effective rotation of the fastening element, gives the precise position where this effective rotation occurs.
  • the resistant torque of the fixing element results from the different contact surfaces, head or nut, rod, thread.
  • the element is permanently subjected (when stretched) to a torsion due to the tension force on the helicoid of its net.
  • the modification of the tension force will be carried out essentially when the resistance torque due to the thread is overcome.
  • the total rotation of the fixing element is only carried out from the moment when the thread advances. There is therefore a delay in action between the rotation of the head or the nut and the actual rotation of the fixing element.
  • This delay in action results in an additional twist or partial de-twist of the fastening element depending on whether one is screwing or unscrewing.
  • This variation in torsion of the fastening element intervenes in the value of the position observed, in particular when the length of the fastening element is large relative to its section. This variation creates a difference in slope between screwing or unscrewing.
  • the element representative of the energy can be any element giving the image of the torque of the motor means (intensity, voltage, pressure, etc.) by a constant or a function f (x), but also the moment of a mechanical means using the flexion, torsion or shock of an organ for which the transformer is not necessarily a constant, but can also be a function f (x).
  • the drive means can only be controlled in a differential measurement or action.
  • the control of the absolute rotation force is not essential.
  • Figure 1 shows the external appearance of a torque wrench for screwing with tension control, the internal electrical and electronic circuits of the key being illustrated by the diagram of Figure 2 in which, for clarity of the drawing, are not shown some discrete components not essential to understanding, as well as power supplies from batteries suitable for ensuring the portability and autonomy of this torque wrench.
  • a torque wrench with a capacity of 300 Nm, in which a torque gauge 1 with strain gauges, receiving a supply voltage denoted VA with a value of 10 volts, delivers a voltage proportional to the applied torque.
  • a first amplifier 2 with a gain of 1000 produces a relationship on its output such that for each 1Nm of torque a signal - / + 33.333 mV is ensured depending on the direction of the screwing performed.
  • the output of amplifier 2 is connected to the inputs of two blocking samplers 3,4, as well as to the inputs of two comparators 5,6.
  • the first grouping of sampler-blocker 3 and comparator 5 stores the screwing torque on the right, negative in signal, by the fact that comparator 5 compares the output of the sampler-blocker 3 with its input and only when the input is greater than the output, this comparator 5 causes the blocker mode of the sampler-blocker through an OR logic gate 7, thus memorizing the highest value of the torque measured in the direction of screwing to the right.
  • the second sampler-blocker group 4 and comparator 6 memorizes the screwing torque on the left, positive in signal, by the fact that comparator 6 compares the output of the sampler-blocker 4 with its input and that when the input is greater than the output, this comparator 6 causes the blocker mode of the sampler-blocker 5 through an OR logic gate 8 thus memorizing the highest value of the torque measured in the direction of screwing to the left.
  • Each comparator output 5.6 is connected to an OR logic gate 7.8 having in common an input connected to a push button 9 enabling the memories of the torque values acquired during right-hand tightening and tightening to be reset to zero. left.
  • each blocker sampler 3,4 are connected to the input of an amplifier 10, wired in summing mode so that the gain only applies to the difference of the outputs of the blocker samplers 3,4 by the fact that one is negative and the other positive, the algebraic sum producing a subtraction.
  • the amplifier 10 produces a gain proportional to the pitch of the screw chosen by a selector 11 which allows a choice of different screw pitches in the range of couples applicable by the key.
  • the selector 11 orients a gain range by assigning a resistance suitably calculated in the gain loop of the amplifier 10.
  • the output of the amplifier 10 is connected to the input of an analog-to-digital converter driving a digital display in a voltmeter function with display 12.
  • the digital display is established for from 0 to - / + 199.99, scale which directly translates KN (Kilo-newtons) for voltages which go from 0 to - / + 5 volts.
  • a brushless electric motor 13 is powered by a power control module 14 which regulates the phase frequency, the voltage and the electric current, and therefore makes it possible to control the rotor of the motor 13 in speed, in direction of rotation and power.
  • the position information of the rotor is provided by a synchro-resolver 15 integral with the motor shaft supporting the rotor.
  • the position of the synchro-resolver 15 determined by a sine / cosine phase shift is converted into digital data by a converter 16.
  • the converter 16 which allows different precisions (10,12,14,16 bits) is adjusted to provide 12 bits of precision on a turn of the synchro-resolver either a definition 1/4096 of turn or 5.27 minutes of arc.
  • the fastener 18 is rotated by a coupling member 23 such as a socket which covers the head 21 of the fastener 18 and which is driven by the square 24 of the axis 25 of the spindle constituting the motor shaft.
  • the compression forces Fc of the part 20 are balanced by the tension force Ft of the fixing element 18.
  • the signal supplied by the torque meter 17 is amplified by an instrumentation amplifier 26, the output of which is connected to the input of an analog / digital converter 27, which provides 11 bits of resolution in bi-polar mode, that is for the torque meter 17 at the nominal of 500 Newtons.meter, a definition of 500/2048 or 0.244 Nm / bit.
  • the digital data of the converters 27 and 16 pass over a bus 28 and are processed by a processor 29 which acts according to a program in memory at 30 and stores its digital data in a memory 31.
  • the processor 29 manages the power control module 14 for the cycles required for screwing / unscrewing / re-screwing.
  • the memory 31 contains in particular the tightening parameters such as desired tension, maximum torque applicable to the fixing element, not of the fixing element, speed of rotation of the motor 13, etc. These parameters are entered on a module communication interface 32 by means of a terminal or a network.
  • the memory 31 also contains the measurements carried out at the screwing and unscrewing in the form of tables (lists of values) as well as the calculation results allowing the decisions of motor control for the tightening in tension and the final results to be produced by the means of the communication interface 32 intended for the terminal and / or the printer.
  • An input / output interface 33 provides the decision-making environment so that an operator or a PLC can, on the one hand by the inputs, start the cycle, stop in an emergency, etc., and on the other hand by the outputs view controls on indicator lights, etc.
  • the processor 29 takes the rotor position and assigns to this position the numerical value of the torque exerted by the spindle in an array stored in memory 31, dimensioned by example at 16384 values (4 rotations of the rotor), then starts the operation each time the position changes to a torque value determined by the setting.
  • the processor thus creates in the table a first list of a succession of torque values in tightening.
  • the processor repeats the same operations for the unscrewing phase, for the same positions in opposite directions, creating a second list of a succession of torque values. unscrewing. Then position by position, for the same positions in each list, the processor subtracts the torque value from the second list from the torque value from the first list, thus creating a third list made up of the differences in screwing and unscrewing torque for identical positions.
  • the processor 29 calculates, position by position, the tension existing in the screw. Then by comparing the calculated tension with the desired tension, it determines the position to which it re-screws.
  • the algorithm of the processing is greatly accelerated, by a pre-calculation of the desired tension translated in the form of the desired torque difference, leaving only the comparison to be made with the third list, and by limiting the number of comparisons to the first match thus reducing the excursion of the program.
  • the processing speed of modern processors (several million instructions per second) makes electronic times insignificant compared to mechanical times. Indeed, the processing time of the voltage control is simply masked by the mechanical time of the actual reversal of the direction of the motor.
  • the method of the invention can be extended to a threaded member allowing the transformation of a rotational movement into a linear movement, or the reciprocal transformation of a linear movement into a rotational movement, with force transmission, this in particular in weighing, lifting or pressing devices.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Details Of Spanners, Wrenches, And Screw Drivers And Accessories (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
  • Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
  • Hand Tools For Fitting Together And Separating, Or Other Hand Tools (AREA)
  • Non-Disconnectible Joints And Screw-Threaded Joints (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Verfahrem zur Kontrolle und Steuerung der Zug- oder Druckspannung eines Gewindeteiles, insbesondere eines mit Gewinde versehenen Befestigungselementes, bei dem die Zug- oder Druckkraft (Ft) des Gewindeteiles (18) dadurch bestimmt wird, daß man ein beim Losschrauben aufgebrachtes Moment (Capp') von einem beim Zuschrauben aufgebrachten Moment (Capp) abzieht und diesen Momentenunterschied durch einen Koeffizienten teilt, der proportional zur Steigung (P) des Gewindes (19) des Teiles ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Abgreifen dieser Momentenwerte, sei es statisch, im Ruhebereich des Zu- und Losschraubens, sei es dynamisch, in einer Aufeinanderfolge übereinstimmender Stellungen des Zu- und Losschraubens erfolgt, im Rahmen einer nur einmal durchgeführten Zu- und Losschraubaktion, oder im Rahmen einer iterativ wiederholten Zuschraub-Losschraub-Aktion oder im Rahmen einer Zuschraub-Losschraub-Wiederzuschraub-Aktion des genannten Gewindeteiles (18).
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, angewandt bei einer Spannungsmessung mit Verwendung eines Antriebsmittels (13, 24, 25), das darauf ausgelegt ist, unter Zwischenschaltung eines Kupplungsstückes (23) an dem Gewinde-Befestigungselement (18), eine kontrollierte Drehkraft für dieses Befestigungselement zu gewährleisten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Ruhebereich des Gleitens des beweglichen Teiles des Befestigungselementes am festen Teil der Verbindung der Wert der Drehkraft beim Losschrauben abgegriffen wird. dann im Ruhebereich des Gleitens des beweglichen Teiles des Befestigungselementes auf dem feststehenden Teil der Verbindung der Wert der Drehkraft beim Durchgang durch sein Maximum, während des Losschraubens, abgegriffen wird, dann diese beiden Kraftwerte differenziert werden, um sie durch einen Koeffizienten zu teilen, der insbesondere proportional zur Steigung des Gewindes (19) des Befestigungselementes (18) ist, um einen Wert in diesen präzisen Grenzen zu erhalten, der repräsentiert:
    - sei es die Zugkraft, der das Befestigungselement unterlegen ist,
    - sei es die Druckkraft, die von dem Befestigungselement ausgeübt worden ist,
    - sei es die Kraft der in dem Befestigungselement residierenden Spannung.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, angewandt bei einer Spannungsmessung mit Verwendung eines Antriebsmittels (13, 24, 25), mit dem mittels eines Kupplungsstückes (23) am mit Gewinde versehenen Befestigungselement (18), das schon festgeschraubt ist, eine kontrollierte Drehkraft für dieses Befestigungselement aufzubringen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zu Beginn der Gleitbewegung des beweglichen Teiles des Befestigungselementes am feststehenden Teil der Verbindung der Wert der Drehkraft während des Schraubens abgegriffen wird, dann im Ruhebereich während des Gleitens des beweglichen Teiles des Befestigungselementes am feststehenden Teil der Verbindung die Drehkraft beim Durchgang durch ihr Maximum, beim Losschrauben, abgegriffen wird, dann diese beiden Kraftwerte differenziert werden, um das Resultat durch einen Koeffizienten zu teilen, der proportional der Steigung des Gewindes (19) des Befestigungselementes (18) ist, um, für diese speziellen Werte, einen Wert zu erhalten, der repräsentiert:
    - sei es die Zugkraft, der das Befestigungselement unterlegen ist
    - sei es die Druckkraft, die von dem Befestigungselement ausgeübt worden ist
    - sei es die Kraft der im Befestigungselement residierenden Spannung zu Beginn der Aktion.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, angewandt bei einer nicht destruktiven Kontrolle der Schraubverbindung, gekennzeichnet durch die vorstehend definierte Spannungsmessung, gefolgt von einer neuen Schraubaktion bis zur zuerst abgegriffenen Schraubkraft, nämlich:
    - sei es diejenige des Ruhebereiches
    - sei es diejenige zu Beginn des Gleitens
    um die Anfangskonditionen der Schraubverbindung wieder herzustellen, womit man die im Befestigungselement (18) existierende Spannungskraft oder die auf das Befestigungselement ausgeübte Zugkraft oder die von dem Befestigungselement ausgeübte Druckkraft kontrolliert hat.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man eine einfache Steuerung in Form aufeinander folgender Annäherungen bei einem bereits auf irgendeine Weise festgespannten Befestigungselement (18) realisiert, indem die vorstehend definierte Aktion so viel Male wie erforderlich durchgeführt wird, bis das Verhältnis der erforderlichen Spannungskraft zur existierenden Spannungskraft = 1 ist, gemäß einer iterativen Verfahrensweise, wobei der Wert der Kraft des Zuschraubens bzw. Losschraubens durch einen Koeffizienten moderiert werden kann, der geeignet ist, die Konvergenz der Aktion in Richtung der erforderlichen Spannung in einer Anzahl von Schritten zu gewährleisten, die durch die gewollte Präzision in der Steuerung der Aktion definiert sind.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 zur Verwirklichung einer dynamischen Steuerung mit Verwendung eines Antriebsmittels (13, 24, 25), das darauf ausgelegt ist, mittels eines Kupplungsstückes (23) am mit Gewinde versehenen Befestigungselement (18) eine kontrollierte Drehkraft und eine Messung der effektiven Drehstellung des Befestigungselementes zu gewährleisten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man an einem nicht festgespannten Befestigungselement in gleichmäßigen Positionsintervallen, die sich nach der gewünschten Genauigkeit bestimmen, die Drehkraftwerte während des Schraubens abgreift, dann in gleichmäßigen Intervallen bezüglich der gleichen Stellungen die Drehkraftwerte während des Losschraubens abgreift, dann von Position zu Position für die effektiven und übereinstimmenden Positionen jeweils den Wert der Drehkraft beim Zuschrauben vom Wert der Drehkraft beim Losschrauben differenziert, um sie dann durch einen Koeffizienten zu teilen, der proportional der Steigung des Gewindes (19) des Befestigungselementes (18) ist, um somit eine Wertereihe zu erhalten, die für jede der Positionen repräsentiert:
    - sei es die Zugkraft, der das Befestigungselement unterlegen ist
    - sei es die Druckkraft, die von dem Befestigungselement ausgeübt worden ist
    - sei es die Kraft der in dem Befestigungselement residierenden Spannung, wobei diesen Aktionen folgt:
    - sei es die Aktion des erneuten Verschraubens des Befestigungselementes bis in eine vorbestimmte Stellung, für die der beobachtete Wen der Kraft gleich der für die Verbindung erforderlichen Kraft ist, sei es die Aktion des Wiederverschraubens des Befestigungselementes bis zu einer Drehkraft beim Schrauben entsprechend der Position, wo man einen Kraftwert beobachtet hat, der gleich der erforderlichen Kraft für die Verbindung ist.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, angewandt bei einer nicht destruktiven Kontrolle der Verbindung, unter Verwendung eines Antriebsmittels (13, 25, 25), das mittels eines Kupplungsstückes (23) am mit Gewinde versehenen Befestigungselement (18) in der Lage ist, die Aufbringung einer kontrollierten Drehkraft und eine Messung der effektiven Drehstellung des Befestigungselementes zu gewährleisten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man bei einem schon auf irgend eine Weise verschraubten Befestigungselement in einer vorbestimmten Stellung den Maximalwert der Drehkraft während des Losschraubens abgreift, dann wieder in die gleiche Position zurückschraubt, dann für eine effektive Position den Wert der Drehkraft beim Zurückschrauben vom maximalen Kraftwert beim Losschrauben differenziert, um dann durch einen Koeffizienten zu teilen, der proportional zur Steigung des Gewindes (19) des Befestigungselementes (18) ist, um für diese Position einen Wert zu erhalten, der repräsentiert:
    - sei es die Zugkraft, der das Befestigungselement unterlegen ist
    - sei es die Druckkraft, die von dem Befestigungselement ausgeübt worden ist,
    - sei es die Kraft der in dem Befestigungselement residierenden Spannung.
  8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man, um der Torsion des Antriebsmittels (13, 24, 25) und anderen Deformationen Rechnung zu tragen, eine Liste von Drehkraftwerten erstellt in Abhängigkeit von Positionsintervallen, die eine Liste der Leitkoeffizienten bildet, die in der Variation ihres Wertes benutzt werden:
    - um den Ausgangspunkt des Anstieges der Drehkraft für die observierte Position durch schlagartiges Anwachsen des Wertes des Leitkoeffizienten zu fixieren:
    - um die Summierung der Torsionen beim Zu- und Losschrauben zu annulieren, indem man für jede der Aktion den Wert der effektiven Position bezüglich des Drehkraftwertes abzieht vom Wert der observierten Position bevor das Befestigungselement in Rotation tritt, wobei die effektive Position durch den schlagartigen Abfall des Wertes des Leitkoeffizienten gegeben ist;
    - zum Annulieren der Summierung der Torsionen beim Los- und Wiederverschrauben, indem man für jede der Aktionen den Wert der effektiven Position bezüglich des Drehkraftwertes abzieht vom Wert der observierten Position, bevor das Befestigungselement in Rotation tritt, wobei dieser Positionswert für das Wiederverschrauben berechnet wird in der Proportion der aufgebrachten Drehkraft, wobei die effektive Position durch den schlagartigen Abfall des Wertes des Leitkoeffizienten gegeben ist;
    - um in jedem Augenblick in der Aktion des Zu- und Losschraubens oder des Losschraubens und Wiederverschraubens den Wert einer Torsion im Verhältnis zur aufgebrachten Drehkraft auszuwerten.
  9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, daß eine flottierende Steuerung verwirklicht, mit Verwendung eines Antriebsmittels (13, 24, 25), das darauf ausgelegt ist, mittels eines Kupplungsstückes (23) am mit Gewinde versehenen Befestigungselement (18) eine kontrollierte Drehkraft zu gewährleisten, gekennzeichnet durch die Aufeinanderfolge von folgenden Verschraubungs- und Losschraubungsaktionen:
    - Verschraubung mit einem Drehkraftwert, der aus einem variablen Wert und einem fixen Wert "delta" gebildet ist; dann Losschrauben mit einem Maximalwert gleich diesem variablen Wert, wobei das Losschrauben partiell sein kann;
    - Weiterführung der Aktion des Ver- und Losschraubens, wobei man diesen variablen Wert steigert, soweit das Losschrauben möglich ist, wobei die Progression dieser Variablen gleich sein kann der Differenz zwischen diesem variablen Wert und dem Wert realisiert beim Losschrauben oder einem Bruchteil dieser Differenz, um die Aktion zu moderieren, um eine schnell Konvergenz dieser Aktion in Richtung auf die Unmöglichkeit des Losschraubens zu gewährleisten;
    - der Kraftwert "delta" multipliziert mit einem Koeffizienten proportional der Steigung des Gewindes (19) des Befestigungselementes (18) repräsentierend:
    - sei es die Zugkraft, ausgeübt durch das Befestigungselement
    - sei es die Druckkraft, ausgeübt durch das Befestigungselement
    - sei es die Kraft der im Befestigungselement residierenden Spannung.
EP93902338A 1991-06-14 1992-12-16 Verfahren zur kontrolle und steuerung von der spannung in gewindebolzen Expired - Lifetime EP0674566B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9108254A FR2677571B1 (fr) 1991-06-14 1991-06-14 Procede pour le controle et l'asservissement de la tension d'un organe filete.
PCT/FR1992/001192 WO1994013437A1 (fr) 1991-06-14 1992-12-16 Procede pour le controle et l'asservissement de la tension d'un organe filete

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0674566A1 EP0674566A1 (de) 1995-10-04
EP0674566B1 true EP0674566B1 (de) 1997-10-01

Family

ID=9414616

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93902338A Expired - Lifetime EP0674566B1 (de) 1991-06-14 1992-12-16 Verfahren zur kontrolle und steuerung von der spannung in gewindebolzen

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5571971A (de)
EP (1) EP0674566B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69222543T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0674566T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2109475T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2677571B1 (de)
WO (1) WO1994013437A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2677571B1 (fr) * 1991-06-14 1995-08-04 Ciandar Procede pour le controle et l'asservissement de la tension d'un organe filete.
US5970798A (en) * 1997-09-25 1999-10-26 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Ultrasonic bolt gage
EP0914910A1 (de) * 1997-10-30 1999-05-12 Yukitaka Murakami Schraubverfahren, Vorrichtung dafür, Vorsatzvorrichtung und Speichermedium für ein Programm zur Steuerung des Drehmoments
US5941972A (en) 1997-12-31 1999-08-24 Crossroads Systems, Inc. Storage router and method for providing virtual local storage
FR2780785B1 (fr) 1998-07-03 2000-10-13 Sam Outillage Procede et dispositif de mesure et de serrage d'un assemblage par organe filete
SE512778C2 (sv) * 1998-09-17 2000-05-15 Nobel Biocare Ab Anordning vid instrument som innefattar eller är anslutet till ett idragningsverktyg
WO2001052384A1 (en) 2000-01-07 2001-07-19 Black & Decker Inc. Brushless dc motor
US6975050B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2005-12-13 Black & Decker Inc. Brushless DC motor
US6538403B2 (en) 2000-01-07 2003-03-25 Black & Decker Inc. Brushless DC motor sensor control system and method
US6810747B2 (en) * 2000-02-07 2004-11-02 Kistler Holding Ag Test device for determining the friction and prestress values of screwed connections
US6965835B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2005-11-15 Spx Corporation Torque angle sensing system and method with angle indication
US6629055B2 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-09-30 Spx Corporation Apparatus and method for sensing torque angle
KR101015483B1 (ko) * 2006-03-01 2011-02-22 후지쯔 가부시끼가이샤 모터 제어 장치 및 모터 제어 방법
SE1050589A1 (sv) * 2010-06-08 2011-11-22 Rocan System Ab Anordning och metod för att indikera om ett fästelement vid infästning i ett stycke har uppnått en sträckgränsbelastning
US20130114994A1 (en) 2011-11-04 2013-05-09 Robert Erik Grip Truss end pad fitting
US9574587B2 (en) * 2011-11-04 2017-02-21 The Boeing Company Preloading a fastener of a mechanical fitting
US9127998B1 (en) * 2012-09-04 2015-09-08 University Of South Florida Active ultrasonic method of quantifying bolt tightening and loosening
WO2015139952A1 (en) * 2014-03-18 2015-09-24 Atlas Copco Industrial Technique Ab Method for a threaded joint mounting process
JP6978441B2 (ja) * 2016-06-03 2021-12-08 アトラス・コプコ・インダストリアル・テクニーク・アクチボラグ パルス締め付けによるクランプ力推定方法
SE542127C2 (en) * 2018-04-18 2020-02-25 Atlas Copco Ind Technique Ab Hand held electric pulse tool and a method for tightening operations
JP6501965B1 (ja) * 2018-12-11 2019-04-17 株式会社東日製作所 ボルト及びナットの締付け方法及び締付け装置
CN112710423B (zh) * 2020-12-24 2021-08-17 东风汽车集团有限公司 一种发动机关键螺栓试验后夹紧力测量及评价方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3969810A (en) * 1974-05-13 1976-07-20 Pagano Dominick A Method for tightening a bolt to exert a predetermined tension force by monitoring bolt elongation while the bolt is being installed
US4016938A (en) * 1975-12-02 1977-04-12 Ingersoll-Rand Company Method for fastener tensioning
US4037282A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-07-26 Dahl Norman C Process for creating overload protection against yielding in bolts
US4142266A (en) * 1976-06-07 1979-03-06 Dahl Norman C Method for creating overload protection against yielding in bolts
DE2749536C3 (de) * 1977-11-03 1980-09-04 Kraftwerk Union Ag, 4330 Muelheim Anordnung zum Messen der Vorspannung eines insbesondere zum Verschluß eines Reaktordruckbehälters dienenden Schraubenbolzens
FR2527714A1 (fr) * 1982-05-26 1983-12-02 Renault Procede de serrage d'un assemblage comportant un element d'assemblage filete
DE4024577C2 (de) * 1990-08-02 1999-08-26 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren zur Steuerung einer Vorspannkraft in einer Schraubverbindung
FR2677571B1 (fr) * 1991-06-14 1995-08-04 Ciandar Procede pour le controle et l'asservissement de la tension d'un organe filete.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5571971A (en) 1996-11-05
ES2109475T3 (es) 1998-01-16
FR2677571A1 (fr) 1992-12-18
DK0674566T3 (da) 1998-05-04
DE69222543D1 (de) 1997-11-06
DE69222543T2 (de) 1998-04-23
FR2677571B1 (fr) 1995-08-04
EP0674566A1 (de) 1995-10-04
WO1994013437A1 (fr) 1994-06-23

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP0674566B1 (de) Verfahren zur kontrolle und steuerung von der spannung in gewindebolzen
US20080262754A1 (en) System and method for fatigue forecasting and strain measurement using Integral Strain Gauge (ISG)
EP2057450A2 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zur einrichtung und steuerung der hydraulischen aufspannung einer oder mehrerer schrauben
EP1751513A1 (de) Verfahren zur kontrolle der zugspannung eines bolzenschaftes wie etwa einer schraube oder eines spannstiftes sowie verfahren zur durchführung dieses verfahrens
FR2936056A1 (fr) Dispositif d'indentation continue ou instrumentee a surface de support convexe et son utilisation, notamment pour l'indentation de toles.
EP0223713B1 (de) Verfahren zum Anziehen und/oder Lösen von Bolzen und Vorrichtung dafür
EP3839679B1 (de) Verfahren zur kontrolle eines qualitätsniveaus der verschraubung eines schraubers, entsprechende vorrichtung und programm zur umsetzung dieses verfahrens
EP2507612A1 (de) Kontinuierliche oder instrumentierte einkerbungsvorrichtung
FR2852879A1 (fr) Cle a serrage controle
CA2326648C (fr) Procede pour mesurer par ultrasons la tension residuelle d'une barre de precontrainte
FR3043351A1 (fr) Procede et dispositif de controle du serrage d'un assemblage par une fixation filetee
EP0096620B1 (de) Verfahren zum Spannen einer Schraubenverbindung
FR2599793A1 (fr) Systeme de bielle destine a resister a un seuil d'efforts longitudinaux
Sanborn et al. Development of a new method to investigate the dynamic friction behavior of interfaces using a kolsky tension bar
FR3075678A1 (fr) Procede de determination du dommage d'un outil tournant, et dispositif correspondant
FR3047681A1 (fr) Presse de serrage mecanique a dynamometre
FR2930196A1 (fr) Procede de surveillance d'un pneumatique
FR3009752B1 (fr) Banc d'essai a sollicitation uniaxiale et procede d'essai mis en oeuvre avec ce banc
CH716888B1 (fr) Dispositif de caractérisation dynamique d'outils rotatifs d'horlogerie.
FR2785986A1 (fr) Procede de mesure et/ou de commande d'un equipement de vissage comprenant une visseuse hydropneumatique a martelement
FR3038721A1 (fr) Tribometre pour la mesure de champs de deplacements a l'interface de deux elements
FR3097049A1 (fr) Procédé et système de détermination du coefficient de frottement dans un assemblage boulonné
FR2981452A1 (fr) Dispositif de determination du comportement mecanique local d'une eprouvette de materiau
EP4367479A1 (de) Bremsbelagverschleisssensor
FR3130371A1 (fr) Procédé de surveillance d’au moins un état caractéristique du déplacement d’un système mécanique

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950613

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): BE DE DK ES GB IT NL PT SE

GRAG Despatch of communication of intention to grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19961204

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): BE DE DK ES GB IT NL PT SE

GRAH Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): BE DE DK ES GB IT NL PT SE

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69222543

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19971106

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: BARZANO' E ZANARDO MILANO S.P.A.

GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19971212

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FG2A

Ref document number: 2109475

Country of ref document: ES

Kind code of ref document: T3

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: SC4A

Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION

Effective date: 19971211

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: T3

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Payment date: 20061213

Year of fee payment: 15

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: PT

Ref legal event code: MM4A

Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES

Effective date: 20080616

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20080616

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Payment date: 20081230

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Payment date: 20090116

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Payment date: 20081228

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20090112

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20090116

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Payment date: 20090205

Year of fee payment: 17

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Payment date: 20081230

Year of fee payment: 17

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20081229

Year of fee payment: 17

BERE Be: lapsed

Owner name: *CIANDAR

Effective date: 20091231

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: V1

Effective date: 20100701

EUG Se: european patent has lapsed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DK

Ref legal event code: EBP

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20091216

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100701

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091231

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100701

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091216

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20100104

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: ES

Ref legal event code: FD2A

Effective date: 20110325

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091216

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091217

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20110314

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091217