EP0673088A2 - Coaxial connector element for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit and connector comprising such a connector element - Google Patents

Coaxial connector element for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit and connector comprising such a connector element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0673088A2
EP0673088A2 EP95110136A EP95110136A EP0673088A2 EP 0673088 A2 EP0673088 A2 EP 0673088A2 EP 95110136 A EP95110136 A EP 95110136A EP 95110136 A EP95110136 A EP 95110136A EP 0673088 A2 EP0673088 A2 EP 0673088A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connector element
contact
coaxial
element according
central
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95110136A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0673088A3 (en
Inventor
Guy Alain Ginet
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Radiall SA
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Radiall SA
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Publication date
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Application filed by Radiall SA filed Critical Radiall SA
Priority to EP95110136A priority Critical patent/EP0673088A3/en
Publication of EP0673088A2 publication Critical patent/EP0673088A2/en
Publication of EP0673088A3 publication Critical patent/EP0673088A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
    • H01R24/38—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts
    • H01R24/40—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency
    • H01R24/50—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure having concentrically or coaxially arranged contacts specially adapted for high frequency mounted on a PCB [Printed Circuit Board]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/20—Pins, blades, or sockets shaped, or provided with separate member, to retain co-operating parts together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/56—Means for preventing chafing or fracture of flexible leads at outlet from coupling part
    • H01R13/567—Traverse cable outlet or wire connection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2103/00—Two poles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a coaxial connector element for the connection of a coaxial cable to a printed electronic circuit board, and to a connector comprising such a connector element.
  • the fixing is carried out by a soldering operation on the ring allowing all the components to be fixed simultaneously to the card.
  • This technique makes it possible to miniaturize the cards and to automate the operations of mounting the components on the cards.
  • connector elements such as coaxial connector elements, as miniaturized as possible, capable of being mass produced in an economical manner, and capable of being put in place and fixed. fully automatically on printed cards.
  • portable mobile radiotelephony equipment such as that of the new European generation GSM (Special Mobile Group) intended to operate at frequencies of 900 MHz, and for which it is important to make connectors.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile Communications
  • coaxial microminiatures to ensure the connection of coaxial cables to the printed circuit boards which equip the equipment.
  • the present invention proposes to produce a coaxial connector element for the connection of a coaxial cable to a printed electronic circuit board, which lends itself to very high miniaturization while being able to be produced with few elements by manufacturing techniques.
  • the connector element according to the invention also lends itself to automatic positioning and fixing to the card at the same time as the other components, because it does not require additional mechanical fixing means.
  • the subject of the present invention is a connector element arranged in a receptacle, intended to be fixed to a printed electronic circuit board to be coupled to a complementary connector element arranged in plug and connected to the end of a coaxial cable, l 'connector element arranged as a receptacle comprising a ground contact provided in one piece, at its rear part, with means for fixing it to a printed circuit board, a central contact also provided in one piece, at its rear part, means for fixing it to a printed circuit board and an insulator between the earth contact and the central contact, characterized in that the earth contact is a cylindrical outer socket.
  • the insulation is fitted snugly in this cylindrical outer socket, which makes it possible to retain it in the connector element in a simple and reliable manner.
  • the present invention also relates to a coaxial electrical connector comprising a connector element arranged as a socket as described above and a complementary connector element arranged in plug, capable of being connected to the end of a coaxial cable.
  • the complementary connector element which is connected to the end of the coaxial cable, advantageously comprises a cylindrical outer sleeve, capable of engaging around the outer sleeve of the connector element according to the invention.
  • the connector element according to the invention which is intended to be fixed to the printed circuit board, comprises an elastic female central contact, while the complementary connector element intended to be fixed to the coaxial cable, comprises a contact male pin-shaped, cooperating locking means of said central contacts being provided between these two central contacts.
  • such locking means are constituted by an internal bead of the female contact capable of engaging elastically in a retaining groove provided at the periphery of the male contact during the axial engagement of the male contact in female contact.
  • the female contact is made in the form of a part of section substantially U-shaped, retained by its rear part in a central hole of the tubular insulation in which it is mounted, and the two elastic branches are inclined slightly towards each other in the direction of their free end, and each have an end portion folded inwards towards the other branch.
  • the folded end portions of the two branches constitute the inner bead of female contact capable of engaging in the peripheral retaining groove of the corresponding male contact.
  • the female contact in this embodiment, advantageously comprises at its rear part a lug in one piece with the core connecting the two elastic branches, said lug being folded at 90 ° outwards relative to the axis of the connector element in which the female contact is mounted.
  • the external socket forming a ground contact of the connector element according to the invention advantageously comprises, over a part of its height, at least one cut elastic tongue projecting radially outward from said socket in the disassembled state of the connector .
  • the elastic tab (s) are compressed radially during the fitting of the outer bush forming a ground contact of the complementary connector element, which ensures excellent electrical contact between the ground contacts of the two connector elements.
  • the external socket forming a ground contact of the connector element according to the invention advantageously comprises, for its fixing and its connection to the printed circuit board, a plurality of tabs folded outwards relative to the external socket in the same plane 90 ° to the axis of said socket.
  • the connector element according to the invention which comprises the various tabs mentioned above respectively extending the central contact and the ground contact, can be fixed on the surface on a printed electronic circuit board.
  • the brazing cream is deposited by screen printing on the pads provided on the card, the connector element and the other components to be fixed on the card are placed and the solder cream is refluxed by infrared heating or in the vapor phase.
  • the tabs to be soldered are preferably different from the tab extending the central elastic contact.
  • the tab of the central contact may have end chamfers.
  • the connector element according to the invention thus advantageously consists of only three pieces which can be manufactured by simple techniques. It is possible according to the invention to produce under economic conditions a micro-miniature connector element, that is to say in practice which may have a height of the order of 2 mm.
  • the connector element according to the invention comprises, as indicated above, an external socket which can be produced economically by cutting and rolling a sheet, for example made of copper alloy, an insulator of simple shape which can be produced by molding, and a central contact which can be produced by cutting and bending a sheet of copper alloy.
  • the connector element according to the invention is arranged as a base and is intended to be fixed at its rear part to a printed electronic circuit board (not shown).
  • a complementary connector element is arranged in plug attached to the end of a coaxial cable, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the base 1 comprises a cylindrical metal sleeve 3 in which are cut two elastic tongues 4, extending over part of the height of the sleeve and radially projecting from its periphery.
  • the socket 3 is extended by three tabs 5 arched in the same plane at 90 ° outwards relative to the socket 3.
  • a cylindrical tubular insulator 6 comprising a front cylindrical section 6 has fitted snugly in the socket 3 and a rear section of larger diameter 6 b comprising three axial notches 7 for the passage of legs 5.
  • a female central contact 9 which, as best seen in Figure 3, consists of a substantially U-shaped section piece having two elastic branches 10 connected to their rear part by a core 11 extended by a lug 12 extending radially outwards.
  • the end of the lug 12 has two end chamfers 13 constituting polarizing means for distinguishing it from the lugs 5 with a view to positioning the base on the card.
  • the elastic arms 10 are in their rear part mounted with a tight fit in the hole 8 of the insulation 6 and are inclined towards one another in the direction of their free front end so as to be able to move apart elastically during engagement. a corresponding male contact.
  • the ends 14 of the arms 10 are folded in the direction of one another so as to constitute an internal bead.
  • the legs 5 and 12 are intended to be soldered by their end face on corresponding pads of a printed electronic circuit board.
  • the plug 2 comprises a tubular part 15 for coupling to the base and a tubular part 16 for the connection of a coaxial cable.
  • the coaxial cable conventionally comprises a central conductor 17 separated by an insulator 18 from a braid 19 forming a ground contact and surrounded by an external protective sheath 20.
  • connection part 16 comprises a tubular sleeve 21 in contact with which the stripped end of the ground conductor 19 of the cable is brought to be fixed therein by soldering or crimping.
  • the coupling part 15 comprises a cylindrical socket 22 integrally with the sleeve 21 and capable of engaging on the socket 3 of the base 1.
  • a central contact 26 is housed in the socket 22 while being immobilized in the insulator 23.
  • This contact is cylindrical and has at its rear end a slot 27 in which engages the stripped end of the central conductor 17 of the cable to be there immobilized by soldering or crimping.
  • the contact 26 comprises a harpoon-shaped part 28 for its immobilization in the insulator 23.
  • the contact 26 further comprises a tapered head portion 29 capable of being introduced between the branches 10 of the female contact by moving them apart.
  • the head part 29 has a frustoconical end extended by a cylindrical part itself connected by a short transition part to a reduced diameter part 30 which creates a groove between the end part 29 and the part of the contact 26 retained in the insulator 23.
  • the rear end of the socket 22 is, after fixing the plug on the cable, closed by a cover 31.
  • the head portion 29 of the central contact 26 of the plug 2 is inserted between the branches 10 of the central contact 9 of the base 1, elastically spreads these branches which, after passage of the head, return elastically so that their curved ends 14 engage by snap-fastening in the groove 30 of the contact 26.
  • the connector element arranged as a base can be provided with other means, such as pins for fixing it to the printed electronic circuit board.

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  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)

Abstract

The connector element (1) is designed to be coupled to a complementary socket (2) on the end of a coaxial cable having a central conductor (17), insulation (18), braid (19) and sheath (20) terminated in a tubular sleeve (21). A cylindrical metallic earthing contact (3) has two cutout elastic tongues (4) projecting radially and three feet (5) bent outwards on 90 deg. in the same plane, for fixing (12) to the board. A centre contact (9) occupies a hole (8) in a cylindrical tubular insulator (6) with two sections (6a,6b) of different dia.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un élément de connecteur coaxial pour le raccordement d'un câble coaxial à une carte imprimée de circuit électronique, et à un connecteur comportant un tel élément de connecteur.The present invention relates to a coaxial connector element for the connection of a coaxial cable to a printed electronic circuit board, and to a connector comprising such a connector element.

La mise en place de composants sur des cartes imprimées de circuits électroniques a été pendant longtemps réalisée à l'aide de picots prévus sur les composants et qui s'insèrent dans des trous métallisés de la carte.The installation of components on printed electronic circuit boards has been carried out for a long time using pins provided on the components and which are inserted into metallized holes in the card.

La fixation s'effectue par une opération de brasure à la bague permettant de fixer simultanément tous les composants à la carte.The fixing is carried out by a soldering operation on the ring allowing all the components to be fixed simultaneously to the card.

Plus récemment, on a proposé de monter des composants sur des cartes imprimées de circuits électroniques par une technique dite "à montage en surface".More recently, it has been proposed to mount components on printed electronic circuit boards by a technique called "surface mount".

Dans ce cas, l'on ne prévoit pas de trous traversants dans la carte, sauf le cas échéant pour établir des liaisons électriques entre différentes couches de circuits prévues sur la carte, et les composants sont munis à leur partie arrière de pattes plates qui sont brasées sur des plots prévus à la surface de la carte.In this case, no through holes are provided in the card, except where necessary to establish electrical connections between different layers of circuits provided on the card, and the components are provided at their rear part with flat tabs which are soldered on pads provided on the surface of the card.

Cette technique permet de miniaturiser les cartes et d'automatiser les opérations de montage des composants sur les cartes.This technique makes it possible to miniaturize the cards and to automate the operations of mounting the components on the cards.

On a donc tout naturellement cherché à réaliser toutes sortes de composants miniaturisés, et notamment des éléments de connecteurs électriques, susceptibles d'être mis en place et fixés automatiquement sur des cartes imprimées, notamment par montage en surface.We have therefore naturally sought to produce all kinds of miniaturized components, and in particular elements of electrical connectors, capable of being put in place and fixed automatically on printed boards, in particular by surface mounting.

Il est apparu que des problèmes se posent pour les connecteurs électriques destinés à relier un câble à la carte, notamment du fait que l'élément de connecteur monté sur la carte est amené à subir des contraintes mécaniques plus ou moins importantes lors des opérations d'accouplement et de désaccouplement, effectuées le plus souvent manuellement, avec l'élément de connecteur correspondant fixé au câble.It appeared that problems arise for electrical connectors intended to connect a cable to the card, in particular because the connector element mounted on the card is brought to undergo more or less significant mechanical stresses during the operations of coupling and uncoupling, performed most often manually, with the corresponding connector element attached to the cable.

Dans le cas d'un montage en surface, les efforts d'accouplement et de désaccouplement se transmettent de manière importante sur les brasures et les plots de la carte.In the case of surface mounting, the coupling and uncoupling forces are transmitted significantly to the solder and the studs on the card.

Pour éviter une rupture de la liaison de l'élément de connecteur fixé à la carte, on ajoute, la plupart du temps, à cet élément de connecteur des moyens de fixation mécaniques sur la carte, notamment de type vis-écrou.To avoid a break in the connection of the connector element fixed to the card, most of the time, mechanical fixing means are added to this connector element on the card, in particular of the screw-nut type.

Ceci empêche une miniaturisation aussi poussée qu'on l'aurait voulu du connecteur et introduit une étape de montage supplémentaire, de telle sorte que le connecteur ne peut être fixé sur la carte lors du montage et de la fixation automatiques des autres composants.This prevents as much miniaturization as would have been desired of the connector and introduces an additional mounting step, so that the connector cannot be fixed on the card during the automatic mounting and fixing of the other components.

Or, dans les équipements modernes, il importe d'avoir des éléments de connecteurs, tels que des éléments de connecteurs coaxiaux, aussi miniaturisés que possible, aptes à être fabriqués en grande série de manière économique, et aptes à être mis en place et fixés de manière totalement automatique sur des cartes imprimées.However, in modern equipment, it is important to have connector elements, such as coaxial connector elements, as miniaturized as possible, capable of being mass produced in an economical manner, and capable of being put in place and fixed. fully automatically on printed cards.

A titre d'application, l'on peut citer les équipements de radiotéléphonie mobiles portables tels que ceux de la nouvelle génération européenne GSM (Groupe Spécial Mobile) destinés à fonctionner à des fréquences de 900 MHz, et pour lesquels il importe de réaliser des connecteurs coaxiaux microminiatures pour assurer la liaison de câbles coaxiaux aux cartes imprimées de circuits électroniques dont sont munis les équipements.By way of application, mention may be made of portable mobile radiotelephony equipment such as that of the new European generation GSM (Special Mobile Group) intended to operate at frequencies of 900 MHz, and for which it is important to make connectors. coaxial microminiatures to ensure the connection of coaxial cables to the printed circuit boards which equip the equipment.

En outre, le document EP-A-419938 décrit un élément de connecteur selon le préambule de la revendication 1.In addition, document EP-A-419938 describes a connector element according to the preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention se propose de réaliser un élément de connecteur coaxial pour le raccordement d'un câble coaxial à une carte imprimée de circuit électronique, se prêtant à une très grande miniaturisation tout en pouvant être réalisé avec peu d'éléments par des techniques de fabrication simples, l'élément de connecteur selon l'invention se prêtant en outre à une mise en place et une fixation automatiques sur la carte en même temps que les autres composants, du fait qu'il ne nécessite pas de moyens mécaniques supplémentaires de fixation.The present invention proposes to produce a coaxial connector element for the connection of a coaxial cable to a printed electronic circuit board, which lends itself to very high miniaturization while being able to be produced with few elements by manufacturing techniques. simple, the connector element according to the invention also lends itself to automatic positioning and fixing to the card at the same time as the other components, because it does not require additional mechanical fixing means.

La présente invention a pour objet un élément de connecteur agencé en embase, destiné à être fixé à une carte imprimée de circuit électronique pour être accouplé à un élément de connecteur complémentaire agencé en fiche et raccordé à l'extrémité d'un câble coaxial, l'élément de connecteur agencé en embase comportant un contact de masse muni d'un seul tenant, à sa partie arrière, de moyens pour sa fixation à une carte imprimée, un contact central muni également d'un seul tenant, à sa partie arrière, de moyens pour sa fixation à une carte imprimée et un isolant entre le contact de masse et le contact central, caractérisé par le fait que le contact de masse est une douille extérieure cylindrique.The subject of the present invention is a connector element arranged in a receptacle, intended to be fixed to a printed electronic circuit board to be coupled to a complementary connector element arranged in plug and connected to the end of a coaxial cable, l 'connector element arranged as a receptacle comprising a ground contact provided in one piece, at its rear part, with means for fixing it to a printed circuit board, a central contact also provided in one piece, at its rear part, means for fixing it to a printed circuit board and an insulator between the earth contact and the central contact, characterized in that the earth contact is a cylindrical outer socket.

De préférence, l'isolant est monté à ajustement serré dans cette douille extérieure cylindrique, ce qui permet de le retenir dans l'élément de connecteur d'une manière simple et fiable.Preferably, the insulation is fitted snugly in this cylindrical outer socket, which makes it possible to retain it in the connector element in a simple and reliable manner.

La présente invention a également pour objet un connecteur électrique coaxial comprenant un élément de connecteur agencé en embase tel que décrit ci-dessus et un élément de connecteur complémentaire agencé en fiche, apte à être raccordé à l'extrémité d'un câble coaxial.The present invention also relates to a coaxial electrical connector comprising a connector element arranged as a socket as described above and a complementary connector element arranged in plug, capable of being connected to the end of a coaxial cable.

Conformément à l'invention, l'élément de connecteur complémentaire, qui est raccordé à l'extrémité du câble coaxial, comporte avantageusement une douille extérieure cylindrique, apte à s'engager autour de la douille extérieure de l'élément de connecteur selon l'invention.According to the invention, the complementary connector element, which is connected to the end of the coaxial cable, advantageously comprises a cylindrical outer sleeve, capable of engaging around the outer sleeve of the connector element according to the invention.

De préférence, l'élément de connecteur selon l'invention, qui est destiné à être fixé à la carte imprimée, comporte un contact central femelle élastique, tandis que l'élément de connecteur complémentaire destiné à être fixé au câble coaxial, comporte un contact mâle en forme de broche, des moyens de verrouillage coopérants desdits contacts centraux étant prévus entre ces deux contacts centraux.Preferably, the connector element according to the invention, which is intended to be fixed to the printed circuit board, comprises an elastic female central contact, while the complementary connector element intended to be fixed to the coaxial cable, comprises a contact male pin-shaped, cooperating locking means of said central contacts being provided between these two central contacts.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier de l'invention, de tels moyens de verrouillage sont constitués par un bourrelet intérieur du contact femelle apte à s'engager élastiquement dans une gorge de retenue prévue à la périphérie du contact mâle lors de l'engagement axial du contact mâle dans le contact femelle.In a particular embodiment of the invention, such locking means are constituted by an internal bead of the female contact capable of engaging elastically in a retaining groove provided at the periphery of the male contact during the axial engagement of the male contact in female contact.

Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le contact femelle est réalisé sous la forme d'une pièce de section sensiblement en forme de U, retenue par sa partie arrière dans un trou central de l'isolant tubulaire dans lequel elle est montée, et dont les deux branches élastiques sont inclinées légèrement l'une vers l'autre en direction de leur extrémité libre, et comportent chacune une partie d'extrémité repliée vers l'intérieur en direction de l'autre branche. Les parties d'extrémité repliées des deux branches constituent le bourrelet intérieur de contact femelle apte à s'engager dans la gorge de retenue périphérique du contact mâle correspondant.In a particular embodiment, the female contact is made in the form of a part of section substantially U-shaped, retained by its rear part in a central hole of the tubular insulation in which it is mounted, and the two elastic branches are inclined slightly towards each other in the direction of their free end, and each have an end portion folded inwards towards the other branch. The folded end portions of the two branches constitute the inner bead of female contact capable of engaging in the peripheral retaining groove of the corresponding male contact.

Pour son raccordement et sa fixation à la carte imprimée, le contact femelle, dans ce mode de réalisation, comporte avantageusement à sa partie arrière une patte d'un seul tenant avec l'âme reliant les deux branches élastiques, ladite patte étant repliée à 90° vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe de l'élément de connecteur dans lequel est monté le contact femelle.For its connection and attachment to the printed circuit board, the female contact, in this embodiment, advantageously comprises at its rear part a lug in one piece with the core connecting the two elastic branches, said lug being folded at 90 ° outwards relative to the axis of the connector element in which the female contact is mounted.

La douille extérieure formant contact de masse de l'élément de connecteur selon l'invention comporte avantageusement, sur une partie de sa hauteur, au moins une languette élastique découpée faisant saillie radialement vers l'extérieur de ladite douille à l'état désassemblé du connecteur.The external socket forming a ground contact of the connector element according to the invention advantageously comprises, over a part of its height, at least one cut elastic tongue projecting radially outward from said socket in the disassembled state of the connector .

La ou les languettes élastiques sont comprimées radialement lors de la mise en place de la douille extérieure formant contact de masse de l'élément de connecteur complémentaire, ce qui assure un excellent contact électrique entre les contacts de masse des deux éléments de connecteur.The elastic tab (s) are compressed radially during the fitting of the outer bush forming a ground contact of the complementary connector element, which ensures excellent electrical contact between the ground contacts of the two connector elements.

La douille extérieure formant contact de masse de l'élément de connecteur selon l'invention comporte avantageusement, pour sa fixation et son raccordement à la carte imprimée, une pluralité de pattes repliées vers l'extérieur par rapport à la douille extérieure dans le même plan à 90° par rapport à l'axe de ladite douille.The external socket forming a ground contact of the connector element according to the invention advantageously comprises, for its fixing and its connection to the printed circuit board, a plurality of tabs folded outwards relative to the external socket in the same plane 90 ° to the axis of said socket.

Ainsi, l'élément de connecteur selon l'invention, qui comporte les différentes pattes mentionnées ci-dessus prolongeant respectivement le contact central et le contact de masse, peut être fixé en surface sur une carte imprimée de circuit électronique.Thus, the connector element according to the invention, which comprises the various tabs mentioned above respectively extending the central contact and the ground contact, can be fixed on the surface on a printed electronic circuit board.

A cet effet, de façon conventionnelle on dépose par sérigraphie de la crème à braser sur les plots prévus sur la carte, on pose l'élément de connecteur ainsi que les autres composants à fixer sur la carte et on provoque la refusion de la crème à braser par chauffage infra-rouge ou en phase vapeur.To this end, conventionally, the brazing cream is deposited by screen printing on the pads provided on the card, the connector element and the other components to be fixed on the card are placed and the solder cream is refluxed by infrared heating or in the vapor phase.

Pour un positionnement sans erreur de l'élément de connecteur, les pattes à braser, réalisées d'un seul tenant avec la douille extérieure formant contact de masse, sont de préférence différentes de la patte prolongeant le contact élastique central. Ainsi, par exemple, la patte du contact central peut présenter des chanfreins d'extrémité.For an error-free positioning of the connector element, the tabs to be soldered, made in one piece with the outer socket forming a ground contact, are preferably different from the tab extending the central elastic contact. Thus, for example, the tab of the central contact may have end chamfers.

L'élément de connecteur selon l'invention est ainsi avantageusement constitué de trois pièces seulement pouvant être fabriquées par des techniques simples. On peut selon l'invention réaliser dans des conditions économiques un élément de connecteur microminiature, c'est-à-dire dans la pratique pouvant présenter une hauteur de l'ordre de 2 mm.The connector element according to the invention thus advantageously consists of only three pieces which can be manufactured by simple techniques. It is possible according to the invention to produce under economic conditions a micro-miniature connector element, that is to say in practice which may have a height of the order of 2 mm.

En effet, l'élément de connecteur selon l'invention comporte, comme indiqué ci-dessus, une douille extérieure qui peut être réalisée de façon économique par découpe et roulage d'une tôle, par exemple en alliage cuivreux, un isolant de forme simple qui peut être réalisé par moulage, et un contact central qui peut être réalisé par découpe et cambrage d'une tôle en alliage cuivreux.Indeed, the connector element according to the invention comprises, as indicated above, an external socket which can be produced economically by cutting and rolling a sheet, for example made of copper alloy, an insulator of simple shape which can be produced by molding, and a central contact which can be produced by cutting and bending a sheet of copper alloy.

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques de l'invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description suivante donnée d'un mode de réalisation nullement limitatif en se référant au dessin annexé dans lequel:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'un élément de connecteur coaxial selon l'invention et d'un élément de connecteur complémentaire avant leur accouplement,
  • la figure 2 est une vue analogue à la figure 1 des deux éléments de connecteur en position accouplée,
  • la figure 3 est une vue en perspective en coupe de l'élément de connecteur agencé en embase du connecteur des figures 1 et 2,
  • la figure 4 est une vue en élévation de l'élément de connecteur de la figure 3,
  • la figure 5 est une vue en coupe selon A-A de la figure 4,
  • la figure 6 est une vue de dessus de l'élément de connecteur de la figure 4,
  • la figure 7 est une vue en coupe selon B-B de la figure 6, et
  • la figure 8 est une vue de dessous de cet élément de connecteur.
Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will appear on reading the following description given of an embodiment which is in no way limitative, with reference to the appended drawing in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a coaxial connector element according to the invention and of a complementary connector element before they are coupled,
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of the two connector elements in the coupled position,
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view in section of the connector element arranged as a base of the connector of FIGS. 1 and 2,
  • FIG. 4 is an elevation view of the connector element of FIG. 3,
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view along AA of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 6 is a top view of the connector element of FIG. 4,
  • FIG. 7 is a sectional view along BB of FIG. 6, and
  • Figure 8 is a bottom view of this connector element.

L'élément de connecteur selon l'invention, désigné globalement par 1, est agencé en embase et est destiné à être fixé à sa partie arrière sur une carte imprimée de circuit électronique (non représentée).The connector element according to the invention, generally designated by 1, is arranged as a base and is intended to be fixed at its rear part to a printed electronic circuit board (not shown).

Un élément de connecteur complémentaire, désigné globalement par 2, est agencé en fiche fixée à l'extrémité d'un câble coaxial, comme illustré aux figures 1 et 2.A complementary connector element, generally designated by 2, is arranged in plug attached to the end of a coaxial cable, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

On va maintenant décrire tout d'abord l'embase 1.We will now first describe the base 1.

L'embase 1 comporte une douille métallique cylindrique 3 dans laquelle sont découpées deux languettes élastiques 4, s'étendant sur une partie de la hauteur de la douille et faisant radialement saillie de sa périphérie.The base 1 comprises a cylindrical metal sleeve 3 in which are cut two elastic tongues 4, extending over part of the height of the sleeve and radially projecting from its periphery.

A sa partie arrière, la douille 3 se prolonge par trois pattes 5 cambrées dans le même plan à 90° vers l'extérieur par rapport à la douille 3.At its rear part, the socket 3 is extended by three tabs 5 arched in the same plane at 90 ° outwards relative to the socket 3.

A l'intérieur de la douille cylindrique 3 est logé un isolant tubulaire cylindrique 6 comportant un tronçon cylindrique avant 6a monté à ajustement serré dans la douille 3 et un tronçon arrière de plus grand diamètre 6b comportant trois encoches axiales 7 pour le passage des pattes 5.Inside the cylindrical sleeve 3 is housed a cylindrical tubular insulator 6 comprising a front cylindrical section 6 has fitted snugly in the socket 3 and a rear section of larger diameter 6 b comprising three axial notches 7 for the passage of legs 5.

A l'intérieur du trou central 8 de l'isolant 6, est monté un contact central femelle 9 qui, comme on le voit le mieux sur la figure 3, est constitué d'une pièce de section sensiblement en U comportant deux branches élastiques 10 reliées à leur partie arrière par une âme 11 prolongée par une patte 12 s'étendant radialement vers l'extérieur.Inside the central hole 8 of the insulator 6, is mounted a female central contact 9 which, as best seen in Figure 3, consists of a substantially U-shaped section piece having two elastic branches 10 connected to their rear part by a core 11 extended by a lug 12 extending radially outwards.

Comme on le voit sur les figures 6 et 8, l'extrémité de la patte 12 présente deux chanfreins d'extrémité 13 constituant des moyens de détrompage pour la distinguer des pattes 5 en vue d'un positionnement de l'embase sur la carte.As can be seen in FIGS. 6 and 8, the end of the lug 12 has two end chamfers 13 constituting polarizing means for distinguishing it from the lugs 5 with a view to positioning the base on the card.

Les branches élastiques 10 sont dans leur partie arrière montées à ajustement serré dans le trou 8 de l'isolant 6 et sont inclinées l'une vers l'autre en direction de leur extrémité avant libre pour pouvoir s'écarter élastiquement lors de l'engagement d'un contact mâle correspondant.The elastic arms 10 are in their rear part mounted with a tight fit in the hole 8 of the insulation 6 and are inclined towards one another in the direction of their free front end so as to be able to move apart elastically during engagement. a corresponding male contact.

Les extrémités 14 des branches 10 sont repliées en direction l'une de l'autre de manière à constituer un bourrelet intérieur.The ends 14 of the arms 10 are folded in the direction of one another so as to constitute an internal bead.

Les pattes 5 et 12 sont destinées à être brasées par leur face d'extrémité sur des plots correspondants d'une carte imprimée de circuit électronique.The legs 5 and 12 are intended to be soldered by their end face on corresponding pads of a printed electronic circuit board.

Du fait qu'une certaine distance axiale (e, figure 7) correspondant à la hauteur du tronçon 6b de l'isolant sépare l'extrémité arrière de la douille de contact de masse 3 de la patte 12 prolongeant le contact central, on assure un bon isolement électrique entre le contact de masse et le contact central.Because a certain axial distance ( e , FIG. 7) corresponding to the height of the section 6b of the insulation separates the rear end of the ground contact socket 3 from the tab 12 extending the central contact, it is ensured good electrical insulation between the earth contact and the central contact.

On va maintenant décrire en se référant aux figures 1 et 2, l'élément de connecteur complémentaire agencé en fiche 2.We will now describe with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the complementary connector element arranged in plug 2.

La fiche 2 comporte une partie tubulaire 15 d'accouplement à l'embase et une partie tubulaire 16 pour le raccordement d'un câble coaxial.The plug 2 comprises a tubular part 15 for coupling to the base and a tubular part 16 for the connection of a coaxial cable.

Dans l'exemple illustré, la fiche 2 est coudée et la partie de raccordement 16 s'étend à angle droit par rapport à la partie d'accouplement 15, ce qui permet une arrivée de câble coaxial parallèle à la carte imprimée.In the example illustrated, the plug 2 is bent and the connection part 16 extends at right angles to the coupling part 15, which allows a coaxial cable arrival parallel to the circuit board.

Le câble coaxial comporte de manière conventionnelle un conducteur central 17 séparé par un isolant 18 d'une tresse 19 formant contact de masse et entourée par une gaine de protection extérieure 20.The coaxial cable conventionally comprises a central conductor 17 separated by an insulator 18 from a braid 19 forming a ground contact and surrounded by an external protective sheath 20.

La partie de raccordement 16 comporte un manchon tubulaire 21 au contact duquel est amenée l'extrémité dénudée du conducteur de masse 19 du câble pour y être fixée par brasure ou sertissage.The connection part 16 comprises a tubular sleeve 21 in contact with which the stripped end of the ground conductor 19 of the cable is brought to be fixed therein by soldering or crimping.

La partie d'accouplement 15 comporte une douille cylindrique 22 d'un seul tenant avec le manchon 21 et apte à s'engager sur la douille 3 de l'embase 1.The coupling part 15 comprises a cylindrical socket 22 integrally with the sleeve 21 and capable of engaging on the socket 3 of the base 1.

A l'intérieur de la douille 22 est engagé un isolant tubulaire 23 pourvu à sa périphérie d'une gorge 24 pour sa retenue sur un bourrelet interne 25 réalisé dans la paroi de la douille 22.Inside the sleeve 22 is engaged a tubular insulator 23 provided at its periphery with a groove 24 for its retention on an internal bead 25 produced in the wall of the sleeve 22.

Un contact central 26 est logé dans la douille 22 en étant immobilisé dans l'isolant 23. Ce contact est cylindrique et comporte à son extrémité arrière une fente 27 dans laquelle s'engage l'extrémité dénudée du conducteur central 17 du câble pour y être immobilisé par brasure ou sertissage.A central contact 26 is housed in the socket 22 while being immobilized in the insulator 23. This contact is cylindrical and has at its rear end a slot 27 in which engages the stripped end of the central conductor 17 of the cable to be there immobilized by soldering or crimping.

Le contact 26 comporte une partie en forme de harpon 28 pour son immobilisation dans l'isolant 23.The contact 26 comprises a harpoon-shaped part 28 for its immobilization in the insulator 23.

Le contact 26 comporte en outre une partie de tête effilée 29 apte à être introduite entre les branches 10 du contact femelle en écartant celles-ci.The contact 26 further comprises a tapered head portion 29 capable of being introduced between the branches 10 of the female contact by moving them apart.

Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ici, la partie de tête 29 comporte une extrémité tronconique prolongée par une partie cylindrique elle-même raccordée par une courte partie de transition à une partie de diamètre réduit 30 qui réalise une gorge entre la partie d'extrémité 29 et la partie du contact 26 retenue dans l'isolant 23.In the embodiment described here, the head part 29 has a frustoconical end extended by a cylindrical part itself connected by a short transition part to a reduced diameter part 30 which creates a groove between the end part 29 and the part of the contact 26 retained in the insulator 23.

L'extrémité arrière de la douille 22 est, après fixation de la fiche sur le câble, obturée par un couvercle 31.The rear end of the socket 22 is, after fixing the plug on the cable, closed by a cover 31.

Lors de la réalisation de la connexion des deux éléments de connecteur 1 et 2, la partie de tête 29 du contact central 26 de la fiche 2 s'insère entre les branches 10 du contact central 9 de l'embase 1, écarte élastiquement ces branches qui, après passage de la tête, reviennent élastiquement de telle sorte que leurs extrémités recourbées 14 viennent s'engager par encliquetage dans la gorge 30 du contact 26.When making the connection of the two connector elements 1 and 2, the head portion 29 of the central contact 26 of the plug 2 is inserted between the branches 10 of the central contact 9 of the base 1, elastically spreads these branches which, after passage of the head, return elastically so that their curved ends 14 engage by snap-fastening in the groove 30 of the contact 26.

On réalise ainsi, au niveau des contacts centraux des éléments de connecteur, un verrouillage par encliquetage. Un contact est simultanément réalisé entre les douilles extérieures respectives 22 de la fiche 2, et 3 de l'embase 1, par appui de la douille 22 sur les languettes élastiques 4 de la douille 3.This produces a snap-lock at the central contacts of the connector elements. A contact is simultaneously made between the respective external sockets 22 of the plug 2, and 3 of the base 1, by pressing the socket 22 on the elastic tabs 4 of the socket 3.

La conception des éléments de connecteur selon l'invention permet une séparation des deux éléments de connecteur sans exercer d'efforts notables sur l'embase qui pourraient provoquer une désolidarisation de celle-ci de la carte, en rendant ainsi inutile tout moyen mécanique de fixation de l'embase sur la carte. L'effort d'extraction peut être minimisé par une conformation appropriée des extrémités repliées 14 des branches 10 du contact central de l'embase et de la partie de transition sur le contact mâle 26 entre la partie d'extrémité 29 et la partie de diamètre réduit formant gorge de retenue 30.The design of the connector elements according to the invention allows a separation of the two connector elements without exerting significant efforts on the base which could cause it to become detached from the card, thus making any mechanical fixing means unnecessary. from the base on the card. The extraction force can be minimized by an appropriate conformation of the folded ends 14 of the branches 10 of the central contact of the base and of the transition part on the male contact 26 between the end part 29 and the reduced diameter part forming a retaining groove 30.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en liaison avec un mode de réalisation particulier, il est bien évident qu'elle n'y est nullement limitée et qu'on peut lui apporter différentes variantes et modifications sans pour autant sortir ni de son cadre ni de son esprit.Although the invention has been described in connection with a particular embodiment, it is obvious that it is in no way limited thereto and that it can be made different variants and modifications without departing from its scope or of his mind.

En particulier, l'élément de connecteur agencé en embase peut être muni d'autres moyens, tels que des picots pour sa fixation à la carte imprimée de circuit électronique.In particular, the connector element arranged as a base can be provided with other means, such as pins for fixing it to the printed electronic circuit board.

Claims (13)

Elément de connecteur (1) agencé en embase, destiné à être fixé à une carte imprimée de circuit électronique pour être accouplé à un élément de connecteur complémentaire (2) agencé en fiche et raccordé à l'extrémité d'un câble coaxial, l'élément de connecteur (1) agencé en embase comportant un contact de masse (3) muni d'un seul tenant, à sa partie arrière, de moyens (5) pour sa fixation à une carte imprimée, un contact central (9) muni également d'un seul tenant, à sa partie arrière, de moyens (12) pour sa fixation à une carte imprimée et un isolant (6) entre le contact de masse (3) et le contact central (9), caractérisé par le fait que le contact de masse (3) est une douille extérieure cylindrique.Connector element (1) arranged in socket, intended to be fixed to a printed electronic circuit board to be coupled to a complementary connector element (2) arranged in plug and connected to the end of a coaxial cable, the connector element (1) arranged as a receptacle comprising a ground contact (3) provided in one piece, at its rear part, with means (5) for fixing it to a printed circuit board, a central contact (9) also provided in one piece, at its rear, means (12) for fixing it to a printed circuit board and an insulator (6) between the ground contact (3) and the central contact (9), characterized in that the earth contact (3) is a cylindrical outer sleeve. Elément de connecteur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que l'isolant (6) est monté à ajustement serré dans la douille extérieure cylindrique (3).Connector element according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulator (6) is fitted snugly in the cylindrical outer sleeve (3). Elément de connecteur coaxial selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que le contact central est un contact femelle élastique (9).Coaxial connector element according to claim 1, characterized in that the central contact is an elastic female contact (9). Elément de connecteur coaxial selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que le contact femelle élastique (9) comporte un bourrelet intérieur (14).Coaxial connector element according to claim 3, characterized in that the elastic female contact (9) has an internal bead (14). Elément de connecteur coaxial selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé par le fait que le contact femelle élastique (9) est réalisé sous la forme d'une pièce de section sensiblement en forme de U retenue par sa partie arrière dans un trou central (8) de l'isolant tubulaire (6) dans lequel elle est montée, et dont les deux branches élastiques (10) sont inclinées légèrement l'une vers l'autre en direction de leur extrémité libre et comportent chacune une partie d'extrémité (14) repliée vers l'intérieur en direction de l'autre branche.Coaxial connector element according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the resilient female contact (9) is produced in the form of a substantially U-shaped section piece retained by its rear part in a central hole (8 ) of the tubular insulation (6) in which it is mounted, and the two elastic branches (10) of which are inclined slightly towards each other in the direction of their free end and each comprise an end part (14 ) folded inwards towards the other branch. Elément de connecteur coaxial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé par le fait que le contact femelle (9) comporte, à sa partie arrière, une patte (12), d'un seul tenant avec l'âme (11) reliant les deux branches élastiques (10), ladite patte étant repliée à 90° vers l'extérieur par rapport à l'axe de l'élément de connecteur dans lequel est monté ledit contact femelle.Coaxial connector element according to any one of Claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the female contact (9) has, at its rear part, a lug (12), integral with the core (11 ) connecting the two elastic branches (10), said tab being folded 90 ° outwards relative to the axis of the connector element in which said female contact is mounted. Elément de connecteur coaxial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 a 6, caractérisé par le fait que la douille extérieure cylindrique (3) formant contact de masse comporte, sur une partie de sa hauteur, au moins une languette élastique découpée (4) faisant radialement saillie vers l'extérieur de ladite douille (3).Coaxial connector element according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the cylindrical outer socket (3) forming a ground contact comprises, over part of its height, at least one cut out elastic tongue (4) forming radially projecting towards the outside of said socket (3). Elément de connecteur coaxial selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé par le fait que la douille extérieure formant contact de masse (3) comporte pour sa fixation et son raccordement à la carte imprimée une pluralité de pattes (5) repliées vers l'extérieur par rapport à la douille extérieure dans le même plan à 90° par rapport à l'axe de ladite douille.Coaxial connector element according to any one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the external socket forming a ground contact (3) has for its fixing and connection to the printed circuit board a plurality of tabs (5) folded towards the exterior with respect to the exterior sleeve in the same plane at 90 ° with respect to the axis of said sleeve. Elément de connecteur coaxial selon les revendications 4 et 6, caractérisé par le fait que les pattes (5) réalisées d'un seul tenant avec la douille extérieure formant contact de masse (3) sont différentes de la patte (12) prolongeant le contact élastique central (9).Coaxial connector element according to Claims 4 and 6, characterized in that the tabs (5) made in one piece with the external bush forming a ground contact (3) are different from the tab (12) extending the elastic contact central (9). Elément de connecteur coaxial selon la revendication 9, caractérisé par le fait que la patte (12) du contact central présente des chanfreins d'extrémité (13).Coaxial connector element according to claim 9, characterized in that the tab (12) of the central contact has end chamfers (13). Connecteur électrique coaxial comprenant un élément de connecteur (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10 et un élément de connecteur complémentaire (2), agencé en fiche et apte à être raccordé à l'extrémité d'un câble coaxial.Coaxial electrical connector comprising a connector element (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 10 and a complementary connector element (2), arranged in plug and able to be connected to the end of a coaxial cable. Connecteur selon la revendication 11, comprenant un élément de connecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément de connecteur complémentaire (2), agencé en fiche, comporte un contact mâle (26) en forme de broche, des moyens de verrouillage coopérants des contacts centraux étant prévus entre lesdits éléments de connecteur (1, 2).Connector according to Claim 11, comprising a connector element according to any one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the complementary connector element (2), arranged in the form of a plug, comprises a male contact (26) in the form pin, cooperating locking means of the central contacts being provided between said connector elements (1, 2). Connecteur selon la revendication 12, comprenant un élément de connecteur selon l'une quelconque des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'élément de connecteur complémentaire (2), agencé en fiche, comporte une gorge de retenue (30) à la périphérie de son contact mâle (26), gorge de retenue (30) dans laquelle s'engage le bourrelet intérieure (14) du contact femelle (9) lors de l'engagement axial du contact mâle (26) dans le contact femelle (9).Connector according to Claim 12, comprising a connector element according to any one of Claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the complementary connector element (2), arranged in the form of a plug, comprises a retaining groove (30) with the periphery of its male contact (26), retaining groove (30) in which engages the inner bead (14) of the female contact (9) during the axial engagement of the male contact (26) in the female contact (9).
EP95110136A 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector element for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit and connector comprising such a connector element. Withdrawn EP0673088A3 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95110136A EP0673088A3 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector element for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit and connector comprising such a connector element.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9107370 1991-06-17
FR9107370A FR2677816B1 (en) 1991-06-17 1991-06-17 COAXIAL CONNECTOR FOR THE CONNECTION OF A COAXIAL CABLE TO A PRINTED ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT BOARD.
EP92401682A EP0519812B2 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit
EP95110136A EP0673088A3 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector element for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit and connector comprising such a connector element.

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92401682A Division EP0519812B2 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit
EP92401682.7 Division 1992-06-17

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0673088A2 true EP0673088A2 (en) 1995-09-20
EP0673088A3 EP0673088A3 (en) 1995-11-15

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92401682A Expired - Lifetime EP0519812B2 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit
EP95110136A Withdrawn EP0673088A3 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector element for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit and connector comprising such a connector element.

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92401682A Expired - Lifetime EP0519812B2 (en) 1991-06-17 1992-06-17 Coaxial connector for connecting a coaxial cable to an electronic printed circuit

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5190474A (en)
EP (2) EP0519812B2 (en)
DE (4) DE9218695U1 (en)
FR (1) FR2677816B1 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107611730A (en) * 2017-08-30 2018-01-19 上海航天科工电器研究院有限公司 It is a kind of to be used to realize the RF coaxial structure for exempting from weldering perpendicular interconnection with pcb board

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0519812B2 (en) 1998-08-19
US5190474A (en) 1993-03-02
DE69207279T3 (en) 1999-09-23
DE69207279D1 (en) 1996-02-15
EP0673088A3 (en) 1995-11-15
DE519812T1 (en) 1994-11-03
FR2677816B1 (en) 1995-04-28
EP0519812A1 (en) 1992-12-23
DE673088T1 (en) 1996-10-10
DE9218695U1 (en) 1995-04-27
EP0519812B1 (en) 1996-01-03
DE69207279T2 (en) 1996-09-05
FR2677816A1 (en) 1992-12-18

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