EP0672871B1 - Forced air heater with an infra-red sensor - Google Patents

Forced air heater with an infra-red sensor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0672871B1
EP0672871B1 EP95200547A EP95200547A EP0672871B1 EP 0672871 B1 EP0672871 B1 EP 0672871B1 EP 95200547 A EP95200547 A EP 95200547A EP 95200547 A EP95200547 A EP 95200547A EP 0672871 B1 EP0672871 B1 EP 0672871B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
hot air
sensor
hair
flow
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP95200547A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0672871A1 (en
Inventor
Rémy Société Civile S.P.I.D. Polaert
Jean-Pierre Société Civile S.P.I.D. Hazan
Jean-Louis Société Civile S.P.I.D. Nagel
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Laboratoires dElectronique Philips SAS
Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A45—HAND OR TRAVELLING ARTICLES
    • A45D—HAIRDRESSING OR SHAVING EQUIPMENT; EQUIPMENT FOR COSMETICS OR COSMETIC TREATMENTS, e.g. FOR MANICURING OR PEDICURING
    • A45D20/00—Hair drying devices; Accessories therefor
    • A45D20/04—Hot-air producers
    • A45D20/08—Hot-air producers heated electrically
    • A45D20/10—Hand-held drying devices, e.g. air douches
    • A45D20/12—Details thereof or accessories therefor, e.g. nozzles, stands

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heater with air circulation, for example DE-A-4208680, comprising a box with an air inlet and an air outlet between which are placed means for deliver a flow of hot air which include means of air circulation and air heating means, detection to measure radiation emitted by a body subjected to hot air flow and means for controlling the means of heating according to the radiation measurements emitted.
  • a heater with air circulation for example DE-A-4208680
  • It can be for example a hair dryer, a electric air circulation heater or others.
  • Hair drying involves evaporating the water retained by the hair using a flow of hot air. It is obtained by means of a fan which delivers the air flow, itself heated by coming into contact with heating means. At beginning of the evaporation process, the water retained by the hair forms a heat shield which avoids burning the scalp. As and as the water evaporates, it becomes less and less screen and the flow of hot air can create a burning sensation and even cause burning of the scalp and dryness and deterioration of the hair.
  • a hair dryer of this type has disadvantages.
  • the aiming point of the infrared sensor must coincide with the heated area. We must therefore maintain the hair dryer at a fixed distance for operation to be correct. With distances that are too short or too long, the measurement is then erroneous due to the parallax and the intervention of the detector on the heating means is not carried out correctly which causes the burns described above. this is particularly harmful when a third person handles the hair dryer: hairdresser for a client, drying a child or when a person dries long hair where there is then no sensory alarm.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid any risk of burns when using such a heater.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid any risk of burns by not imposing user too precise handling of the hair dryer.
  • the detection means are placed on or near the axis of propagation of the hot air flow.
  • detection means may be desirable to provide means to reduce disruptive temperature rises in detection means from the heating means. he can be a screen preventing direct arrival of the hot air flow on the detection means.
  • FIG. 1 represents a hair dryer 5 comprising a box 10 and, between an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12, air circulation means 13 followed by means 14 for heating circulating air.
  • the air circulation means 13 are formed for example a fan.
  • the means 13 for air circulation and the means 14 are connected to a power supply electric 16 and to heat the air can be turned on operation using a switch 15.
  • the user directs the hot air flow 17 which leaves from the air outlet 12 to the hair 8.
  • the air flow path is placed hot 17 means 20 for measuring the heat radiation emitted through the hair, for example an infrared sensor.
  • the sensor 20 is combined with means 18 for controlling the heating means 14 from the temperature measured on the hair. For that, we fix a certain temperature and when this is reached, the control means 18 reduce or stop the means 14 for heating and / or ventilation.
  • the arrangement of the sensor allows this to detect temperature variations in the area of hair that receives the warm air flow well. There is no more effect parallax and therefore distance to respect for the operation is done properly.
  • the sensor is placed on or near the XX axis of symmetry of the hot air flow. It can nevertheless be offset.
  • any sensor capable of measuring infrared radiation emitted by the hair and able to be accommodated on the path of the hot air flow by only disturbing it weakly For example: resistive sensor depending on the temperature, pyroelectric sensor, thermocouple sensor or other.
  • thermoelectric power preferably uses a sensor formed by a plurality of elementary cells developing thermoelectric power.
  • a cell is formed by a stack of conductive and / or semiconductor layers such that the cell develops a difference in electrical potential induced in response to heat flow.
  • Such a sensor is, for example, described in documents FR 2,471,055 and FR 2,598,803.
  • Limiting the opening of the thermal beam can be obtained by putting a part 25 projecting from the sensor 20 (figure 5). We can also obtain the limitation of the opening by placing a lens 26 (figure 6) which focuses the radiation thermal on sensor 20.

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  • Cleaning And Drying Hair (AREA)
  • Direct Air Heating By Heater Or Combustion Gas (AREA)
  • Central Heating Systems (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un appareil de chauffage à circulation d'air, par exemple DE-A-4208680, comprenant un boítier avec une arrivée d'air et une sortie d'air entre lesquelles sont placés des moyens pour délivrer un flux d'air chaud qui comprennent des moyens de circulation d'air et des moyens de chauffage de l'air, des moyens de détection pour mesurer un rayonnement émis par un corps soumis au flux d'air chaud et des moyens pour commander les moyens de chauffage en fonction des mesures de rayonnement émis.The invention relates to a heater with air circulation, for example DE-A-4208680, comprising a box with an air inlet and an air outlet between which are placed means for deliver a flow of hot air which include means of air circulation and air heating means, detection to measure radiation emitted by a body subjected to hot air flow and means for controlling the means of heating according to the radiation measurements emitted.

Il peut s'agir par exemple d'un sèche-cheveux, d'un radiateur électrique à circulation d'air ou autres.It can be for example a hair dryer, a electric air circulation heater or others.

Le séchage des cheveux consiste à faire évaporer l'eau retenue par les cheveux à l'aide d'un flux d'air chaud. Celui-ci est obtenu à l'aide d'un ventilateur qui délivre le flux d'air, lui-même réchauffé en passant en contact avec des moyens de chauffage. Au début du processus d'évaporation, l'eau retenue par les cheveux forme un écran thermique qui évite de brûler le cuir chevelu. Au fur et à mesure que l'eau s'évapore, celle-ci fait de moins en moins écran et le flux d'air chaud peut créer une sensation de brûlure et même provoquer une brûlure du cuir chevelu ainsi qu'un dessèchement et une détérioration des cheveux.Hair drying involves evaporating the water retained by the hair using a flow of hot air. It is obtained by means of a fan which delivers the air flow, itself heated by coming into contact with heating means. At beginning of the evaporation process, the water retained by the hair forms a heat shield which avoids burning the scalp. As and as the water evaporates, it becomes less and less screen and the flow of hot air can create a burning sensation and even cause burning of the scalp and dryness and deterioration of the hair.

Pour éviter que les cheveux et le cuir chevelu ne subissent une trop grande élévation de la température au cours du processus de séchage, on a pensé à mesurer la température des cheveux.To prevent hair and scalp from experience too great a temperature rise during the drying process, we thought of measuring the temperature of hair.

Parmi les méthodes utilisant des détecteurs sans contact direct avec les cheveux, on connaít celle décrite dans le document GB-A-2.093.343. Cette méthode consiste à mesurer à distance la température des cheveux à l'aide d'un capteur infra-rouge placé à l'extérieur du corps du sèche-cheveux. Une optique permet de viser l'endroit de la chevelure soumise au séchage. Le détecteur infra-rouge agit sur les moyens de chauffage lorsqu'une température prédéterminée est atteinte.Among the methods using contactless detectors direct with the hair, we know the one described in the document GB-A-2,093,343. This method consists in remotely measuring the hair temperature using an infrared sensor placed at the outside of the hair dryer body. Optics allow you to aim the place of the hair subjected to drying. The infrared detector acts on the heating means when a temperature predetermined is reached.

Mais un sèche-cheveux de ce type présente des inconvénients. En particulier, le point de visée du capteur infra-rouge doit coïncider avec la zone chauffée. Il faut donc maintenir le sèche-cheveux à une distance fixe pour que le fonctionnement soit correct. Avec des distances trop courtes ou trop élevées, la mesure est alors erronée due à la parallaxe et l'intervention du détecteur sur les moyens de chauffage ne s'effectue pas correctement ce qui provoque les brûlures décrites précédemment. Ceci est particulièrement dommageable lorsqu'une tierce personne manipule le sèche-cheveux : coiffeur pour un client, séchage d'un enfant ou lorsqu'une personne sèche des cheveux longs où il n'y a alors aucune alarme sensorielle.But a hair dryer of this type has disadvantages. In particular, the aiming point of the infrared sensor must coincide with the heated area. We must therefore maintain the hair dryer at a fixed distance for operation to be correct. With distances that are too short or too long, the measurement is then erroneous due to the parallax and the intervention of the detector on the heating means is not carried out correctly which causes the burns described above. this is particularly harmful when a third person handles the hair dryer: hairdresser for a client, drying a child or when a person dries long hair where there is then no sensory alarm.

Un autre genre d'appareils concerné par l'invention est formé par les radiateurs qui génèrent un flux d'air chaud. Un tel radiateur peut être disposé de telle sorte qu'un corps puisse subir l'action du flux d'air chaud en faisant que la température atteinte par ledit corps devienne anormalement élevée pouvant provoquer sa détérioration. Les cas où ces situations apparaissent sont par exemple :

  • une serviette disposée face à un radiateur,
  • un radiateur mobile disposé près d'un objet : rideau, meuble ou autres,
où toute autre situation similaire.Another type of device concerned by the invention is formed by radiators which generate a flow of hot air. Such a radiator can be arranged so that a body can undergo the action of the flow of hot air by causing the temperature reached by said body to become abnormally high, which can cause its deterioration. The cases where these situations arise are for example:
  • a towel placed in front of a radiator,
  • a mobile radiator placed near an object: curtain, furniture or other,
where any other similar situation.

Le but de l'invention est d'éviter tout risque de brûlure dans l'utilisation d'un tel appareil de chauffage. En particulier, dans le cas d'un sèche-cheveux le but de l'invention est d'éviter tout risque de brûlure en n'imposant pas à l'utilisateur un maniement trop précis du sèche-cheveux.The object of the invention is to avoid any risk of burns when using such a heater. In particular, in the case of a hair dryer the object of the invention is to avoid any risk of burns by not imposing user too precise handling of the hair dryer.

Ce but est atteint avec un appareil de chauffage pour lequel les moyens de détection sont disposés dans le trajet du flux d'air chaud, sur ou près de son axe de propagation.This is achieved with a heater for which the detection means are arranged in the flow path hot air, on or near its axis of propagation.

La description qui suit concerne préférentiellement le cas d'un sèche-cheveux mais l'homme du métier peut aisément y trouver tous les enseignements nécessaires pour le cas d'autres appareils de chauffage permettant ainsi de donner à ceux-ci une grande sécurité d'utilisation.The description which follows relates preferably to the case of a hair dryer but the skilled person can easily find all the lessons necessary for the case of others heaters allowing them to be given a great safety in use.

Ainsi quelle que soit la distance à laquelle le sèche-cheveux est maintenu de la chevelure, le détecteur voit toujours exactement la zone qui reçoit le flux d'air chaud, il n'y a alors plus de problème de parallaxe et donc d'erreur de mesure. Il n'y a donc plus de risque de brûlure.So regardless of the distance at which the hair dryer is kept from the hair, the detector always sees exactly the area that receives the hot air flow, there is then no more parallax problem and therefore measurement error. There is therefore more risk of burns.

On place les moyens de détection sur ou près de l'axe de propagation du flux d'air chaud.The detection means are placed on or near the axis of propagation of the hot air flow.

Selon le type des moyens de détection, pour assurer un fonctionnement convenable, il peut être souhaitable de prévoir des moyens pour réduire les élévations perturbatrices de température des moyens de détection en provenance des moyens de chauffage. Il peut s'agir d'un écran évitant une arrivée directe du flux d'air chaud sur les moyens de détection.Depending on the type of detection means, to ensure proper operation, it may be desirable to provide means to reduce disruptive temperature rises in detection means from the heating means. he can be a screen preventing direct arrival of the hot air flow on the detection means.

Ces différents aspects de l'invention et d'autres encore seront apparents et élucidés à partir des modes de réalisation décrits ci-après.These different aspects of the invention and still others will be apparent and elucidated from the embodiments described below.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide des figures suivantes données à titre d'exemples non limitatifs qui représentent :

  • Figure 1 : un schéma d'un sèche-cheveux selon l'invention.
  • Figure 2, figure 3 : deux schémas de l'extrêmité de sortie du sèche-cheveux avec un capteur protégé par des moyens pour réduire son élévation de température.
  • Figure 4 : un schéma de l'extrêmité de sortie du sèche-cheveux avec un capteur protégé par un manchon à air non chauffé.
  • Figures 5, 6 : deux schémas d'un capteur avec des moyens de collimation.
    • The invention will be better understood using the following figures given by way of non-limiting examples which represent:
  • Figure 1: a diagram of a hair dryer according to the invention.
  • Figure 2, Figure 3: two diagrams of the outlet end of the hair dryer with a sensor protected by means to reduce its temperature rise.
  • Figure 4: a diagram of the outlet end of the hair dryer with a sensor protected by an unheated air sleeve.
  • Figures 5, 6: two diagrams of a sensor with collimation means.

    • La figure 1 représente un sèche-cheveux 5 comprenant un boítier 10 et, entre une arrivée d'air 11 et une sortie d'air 12, des moyens 13 de circulation d'air suivis de moyens 14 pour chauffer l'air en circulation. Les moyens 13 de circulation d'air sont formés par exemple d'un ventilateur. Les moyens 13 de circulation d'air et les moyens 14 sont connectés à une alimentation en énergie électrique 16 et pour chauffer l'air peuvent être mis en fonctionnement à l'aide d'un interrupteur 15. Pour utiliser le sèche-cheveux, l'utilisateur dirige le flux d'air chaud 17 qui sort de la sortie d'air 12 vers des cheveux 8.FIG. 1 represents a hair dryer 5 comprising a box 10 and, between an air inlet 11 and an air outlet 12, air circulation means 13 followed by means 14 for heating circulating air. The air circulation means 13 are formed for example a fan. The means 13 for air circulation and the means 14 are connected to a power supply electric 16 and to heat the air can be turned on operation using a switch 15. To use the hair dryer, the user directs the hot air flow 17 which leaves from the air outlet 12 to the hair 8.

    Selon l'invention, on place sur le trajet du flux d'air chaud 17 des moyens 20 pour mesurer le rayonnement de chaleur émis par les cheveux, par exemple un capteur infra-rouge. Le capteur 20 est réuni à des moyens 18 pour commander les moyens 14 de chauffage d'après la température mesurée sur les cheveux. Pour cela, on fixe une température déterminée et lorsque celle-ci est atteinte, les moyens 18 de commande réduisent ou arrêtent les moyens 14 de chauffage et/ou de ventilation. La disposition du capteur permet à celui-ci de détecter les variations de température de la zone de cheveux qui reçoit bien le flux d'air chaud. Il n'y a plus d'effet de parallaxe et donc de distance à respecter pour que le fonctionnement se fasse convenablement.According to the invention, the air flow path is placed hot 17 means 20 for measuring the heat radiation emitted through the hair, for example an infrared sensor. The sensor 20 is combined with means 18 for controlling the heating means 14 from the temperature measured on the hair. For that, we fix a certain temperature and when this is reached, the control means 18 reduce or stop the means 14 for heating and / or ventilation. The arrangement of the sensor allows this to detect temperature variations in the area of hair that receives the warm air flow well. There is no more effect parallax and therefore distance to respect for the operation is done properly.

    Ceci présente l'avantage qu'il n'est plus possible de provoquer des brûlures en chauffant une zone et en mesurant la température d'une autre zone.This has the advantage that it is no longer possible to cause burns by heating an area and measuring the temperature of another zone.

    Le capteur est placé sur ou près de l'axe XX de symétrie du flux d'air chaud. Il peut néanmoins être désaxé.The sensor is placed on or near the XX axis of symmetry of the hot air flow. It can nevertheless be offset.

    Il est possible d'utiliser tout capteur apte à mesurer un rayonnement infra-rouge émis par les cheveux et apte à être logé sur le trajet du flux d'air chaud en ne le perturbant que faiblement. Par exemple : capteur résistif dépendant de la température, capteur pyroélectrique, capteur à thermocouples ou autres.It is possible to use any sensor capable of measuring infrared radiation emitted by the hair and able to be accommodated on the path of the hot air flow by only disturbing it weakly. For example: resistive sensor depending on the temperature, pyroelectric sensor, thermocouple sensor or other.

    Pour détecter le flux calorifique, préférentiellement on utilise un capteur formé d'une pluralité de cellules élémentaires développant un pouvoir thermoélectrique. Une cellule est formée par un empilement de couches conductrices et/ou semiconductrices telles que la cellule développe une différence de potentiel électrique induite en réponse à un flux de chaleur. Un tel capteur est, par exemple, décrit dans les documents FR 2.471.055 et FR 2.598.803.To detect the heat flow, preferably uses a sensor formed by a plurality of elementary cells developing thermoelectric power. A cell is formed by a stack of conductive and / or semiconductor layers such that the cell develops a difference in electrical potential induced in response to heat flow. Such a sensor is, for example, described in documents FR 2,471,055 and FR 2,598,803.

    Un tel capteur présente les avantages non seulement de disposer d'un grand nombre de cellules élémentaires (plusieurs centaines) afin de délivrer un signal élevé, mais également,

    • d'avoir une faible inertie thermique,
    • d'avoir des dimensions réduites ce qui permet de le disposer à la sortie du sèche-cheveux sans modifier de manière significative le flux d'air chaud,
    • d'avoir un champs angulaire assez large pour capter le rayonnement thermique provenant des cheveux sans nécessiter l'emploi d'un objectif de prise de vue,
    • de supporter les températures mises en oeuvre dans le fonctionnement d'un sèche-cheveux.
    Such a sensor has the advantages not only of having a large number of elementary cells (several hundred) in order to deliver a high signal, but also,
    • to have a low thermal inertia,
    • to have reduced dimensions which makes it possible to arrange it at the outlet of the hair dryer without significantly modifying the flow of hot air,
    • to have an angular field wide enough to capture the thermal radiation coming from the hair without requiring the use of a shooting objective,
    • to withstand the temperatures used in the operation of a hair dryer.

    Néanmoins, conformément à la figure 2, il est possible de protéger le capteur par des moyens 22 de protection qui évitent à l'air chaud de venir frapper directement l'arrière du capteur. Il peut s'agir d'un manchon de protection qui dévie le flux d'air chaud en l'écartant du capteur. Le manchon peut être réduit à un écran 23 (figure 3).However, according to Figure 2, it is possible to protect the sensor by means 22 of protection which avoid the hot air to directly strike the rear of the sensor. he can be a protective sleeve which deflects the flow of hot air away from the sensor. The sleeve can be reduced to a screen 23 (figure 3).

    Il peut s'agir aussi d'un manchon 24 traversé par de l'air venant de l'arrivée d'air non chauffé 11 et servant à refroidir le capteur de température (figure 4).It can also be a sleeve 24 through which the air coming from the unheated air inlet 11 and serving to cool the temperature sensor (Figure 4).

    Pour permettre au capteur 20 de température de n'observer que la partie de la chevelure soumise à l'action du flux d'air chaud, il est possible d'adjoindre au capteur des moyens de collimation.To allow the temperature sensor 20 to only observe the part of the hair subjected to the action of flow hot air, it is possible to add to the sensor means of collimation.

    La limitation de l'ouverture du faisceau thermique peut être obtenue en mettant une pièce 25 en saillie du capteur 20 (figure 5). On peut également obtenir la limitation de l'ouverture en plaçant une lentille 26 (figure 6) qui focalise le rayonnement thermique sur le capteur 20.Limiting the opening of the thermal beam can be obtained by putting a part 25 projecting from the sensor 20 (figure 5). We can also obtain the limitation of the opening by placing a lens 26 (figure 6) which focuses the radiation thermal on sensor 20.

    Claims (4)

    1. An air circulation heating apparatus (5) comprising a housing (10) with an air inlet (11) and an air outlet (12) between which are arranged means for supplying a hot air flow, which means comprise air circulation means (13) and air heating means (14), detection means (20) for measuring a heat radiation emitted by a body (8) subjected to the hot air flow, and means (18) for controlling the heating means (14) as a function of the measured emitted radiation, characterized in that the detection means (20) are arranged in the path of the hot air flow on or close to its axis (XX) of propagation.
    2. An air circulation heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 1, characterized in that it comprises means (22, 23, 24) for reducing the temperature rises of the detection means (20).
    3. An air circulation heating apparatus as claimed in Claim 2, characterized in that said reduction means (22) comprise a screen (23) which prevents the flow of hot air from hitting the detection means (20) directly.
    4. An air circulation heating apparatus as claimed in any one of the Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is provided with collimation means (25, 26) which limit to a beam of small aperture (a) the thermal radiation emitted by the body (8) and arriving at the detection means (20).
    EP95200547A 1994-03-16 1995-03-07 Forced air heater with an infra-red sensor Expired - Lifetime EP0672871B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR9403079 1994-03-16
    FR9403079 1994-03-16

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    EP0672871A1 EP0672871A1 (en) 1995-09-20
    EP0672871B1 true EP0672871B1 (en) 2000-01-26

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    US (1) US5636318A (en)
    EP (1) EP0672871B1 (en)
    JP (1) JPH07255524A (en)
    DE (1) DE69514702T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2141884T3 (en)

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    ES2141884T3 (en) 2000-04-01
    JPH07255524A (en) 1995-10-09
    US5636318A (en) 1997-06-03
    DE69514702D1 (en) 2000-03-02
    EP0672871A1 (en) 1995-09-20
    DE69514702T2 (en) 2000-07-27

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