EP0672479B1 - Punching apparatus for metallic profiles - Google Patents

Punching apparatus for metallic profiles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0672479B1
EP0672479B1 EP19950400309 EP95400309A EP0672479B1 EP 0672479 B1 EP0672479 B1 EP 0672479B1 EP 19950400309 EP19950400309 EP 19950400309 EP 95400309 A EP95400309 A EP 95400309A EP 0672479 B1 EP0672479 B1 EP 0672479B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
punch
opening
profiled section
profile
piston
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19950400309
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0672479A1 (en
Inventor
Michel Bouzignac
Christian Zaccarioto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alcan France SA
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Alcan France SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0672479A1 publication Critical patent/EP0672479A1/en
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Publication of EP0672479B1 publication Critical patent/EP0672479B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B21D28/243—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D28/00—Shaping by press-cutting; Perforating
    • B21D28/24—Perforating, i.e. punching holes
    • B21D28/28—Perforating, i.e. punching holes in tubes or other hollow bodies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a punching tool intended in particular to produce on a continuous and elongated tubular metal profile, in a closed section on itself thereof, a clear opening of given contour and in particular of rectangular shape and preferably two openings of this kind, identical and facing one another on two parallel faces of this profile, in particular for the mounting of an accessory to be fixed thereon.
  • the invention relates to a tool of this kind, capable of piercing a very long profile which itself has a generally rectangular section, in particular of the type of those used to constitute the chassis of a fixed frame or of a movable opening of a door, window or the like, in order to mount in the openings made in this profile, at a suitable distance from its ends, the shell of a handle or of a lock for controlling or immobilizing the opening - screw of the frame, making it possible to ensure its pivoting or sliding movement relative to the latter.
  • these openings which have two large sides parallel to the longitudinal direction of the metal profile, are produced by milling, which constitutes a long and relatively expensive operation, such a process being nevertheless until now necessary due to the relative position of the openings to be made along the length of the profile, these openings being located at a generally significant distance from the open ends of the latter and not in principle making it possible to implement the conventional punching technique faster and at minimal cost .
  • this last technique normally requires that the punching tool which cuts by pressing from the outside the metal sheet of the profile according to a movement controlled perpendicular to the surface to perforate, either associated with a die or anvil placed on the other side of the sheet to prevent the metal from being carried away or torn towards the inside of the profile when the tool punctures the surface to be cut.
  • the very structure of the profile includes internal webs perpendicular to the faces where the openings are to be made (see for example FR-A-2644202), suitable for supporting the pressed sheet metal and cut simultaneously by the punch limiting the inconvenience aforementioned, the relatively large metal chip for the suitable housing of the accessory to be mounted in this opening, may fall inside the profile, which leads to difficulties in obtaining its subsequent removal and causes a loss of time .
  • the use of a usual punching tool cannot avoid the deformation of the sheet along the short sides of the opening which are more or less forced towards the inside of the profile, the opening does not have a perfectly regular profile and in the plane of the surface of the profile, which causes difficulties for the subsequent mounting of the accessory.
  • the subject of the present invention is a punching tool which overcomes these drawbacks, by making it possible to obtain clean cuts, in particular of rectangular shape, with two long sides and two short sides respectively parallel in a metal section of great length and whose longitudinal direction is that of the long sides of the cutouts, these being produced quickly and efficiently with precise positioning in two opposite parallel faces of the profile to obtain their exact facing.
  • the tool considered for producing in a very long tubular metal section with closed section on itself and having two opposite parallel faces arranged horizontally, with one and preferably two identical rectangular openings, respectively in the one and the other of these faces, substantially in the middle of the length of the profile, the long sides of these openings extending in the longitudinal direction of the profile, which internally comprises at least two parallel webs, perpendicular to the opposite faces and parallel to the long sides of the openings, the short sides of which are substantially equal to the distance which separates these sails, a tool which comprises a punch of generally parallelepipedal shape, the sharp lower longitudinal edges of which are parallel to the long sides of the openings, the width of the punch being equal to that of the short sides while its long ur is less than that of the long sides, the punch being integral with a movable control piston inside a fixed support, having an open lateral groove for positioning the profile under the punch in line with an opening to be produced by vertical insertion of the latter from top to bottom in the profile through the face to be cut under the
  • the punching tool thus arranged makes it possible to carry out, firstly and following a displacement from the top to the bottom controlled by the piston, a blank for cutting a chip in the upper face of the profile disposed horizontally in the groove of the support, along the long sides of the opening to be made, the cutting of the sheet occurring in the immediate vicinity of the internal webs of the profile which for them play the role of an internal matrix, this cutting being obtained along a clean line , following the plans of the two sails respectively.
  • the lower transverse edges of the punch cut the sheet metal parallel to the short sides of the opening but, according to lines located towards the inside of the opening, due to the length of the punch less than that of the long sides of the latter. , these lines and the adjoining part of the sheet on each side of the punch being slightly forced towards the inside of the profile.
  • the punch engaged inside the profile, after crossing the sheet in the corresponding face, is moved to the right or to the left by a determined distance, this transverse movement being authorized due to the more limited length of the piston compared to that of the punch.
  • the movement of the piston is reversed to produce a displacement of the punch from bottom to top, the upper lateral edges of the latter coming to cut the corresponding fraction of the sheet at the precise location of the small side. from the opening, the relatively limited area of this fraction vis-à-vis that of the chip carried during the descent of the tool, making it possible to obtain sharp lines, not only along this short side but also in the corresponding extension of the long sides of the 'final opening.
  • a fourth step the punch is again engaged by a downward movement of the piston inside the formed blank, then moved in the direction opposite to that adopted in the third step, the return from the bottom to the top of the punch under the control of the piston, carrying out, in the same manner as indicated above, the cutting of the corresponding fraction of the sheet and the formation of the second short side.
  • An opening is thus produced in one of the faces of the sheet which has a perfectly rectangular profile, without sinking or deformation of the remaining metal, facilitating for the reasons already specified, the subsequent mounting of an accessory and in particular of a shell handle or the like in the profile.
  • the cross section of the punch has, along its short sides, a profile consisting of two contiguous zones substantially in an arc towards the inside thereof, these zones being symmetrical to one another relative to the vertical median plane of the punch and meeting at a point in this plane, to form a longitudinal central edge located in this plane below the common level of the two lower lateral edges of the punch.
  • This particular structure of the lower surface of the punch allows an attack of the sheet in the upper face of the profile when the piston descends in the first aforementioned time, such that the chip produced has a slightly curved transverse profile, because of the force exerted in the middle part of this chip by this central edge, this deformation having the effect of slightly reducing the width of the chip and consequently preventing it from getting stuck inside the profile, between the side sails and the opposite sides thereof.
  • the upper transverse edges of the punch are inclined on the horizontal plane, so as to cut the sheet from one end to the other of the short sides of the opening during the return movement of the punch .
  • This particular shape of the cutting edges formed on the top of the punch, on each side of the control piston, has the advantage of being able to cut along the short sides of the opening the corresponding sheet metal fractions previously forced inwards, according to perfectly clear lines and corresponding to precise dimensions.
  • the fixed support comprises two vertical lateral guides, spaced from each other by the length of the punch along its long sides, against which the short sides of the latter slide during its downward and return movements, these guides forming support dies during the cutting of the sheet metal fractions when the punch is raised.
  • the difference in length between the punch and the piston is equal to the displacements of the profile in the open groove of the support, prior to the upward movement of the punch.
  • the fixed support comprises in its open groove receiving the profile, a movable stop, capable of disappearing when the profile is engaged in this groove, this stop being able, on the other hand, to penetrate into a first opening made in one side of the profile after turning over this 180 ° on itself and substitution of one of the other for its horizontal faces, so as to allow the position of the profile to be indexed relative to the first opening and to make a second opening in the opposite side, located exactly opposite the first.
  • the invention also relates to the method implemented by means of the punching tool considered, which consists in placing the profile in the open groove of the fixed support so that it has one of its horizontal faces opposite the punch. in the raised position, to control the descent of the punch vertically from top to bottom to form the blank of the opening in this face, with its long sides parallel to the parallel webs of the profile, to move the profile laterally to the right or to the left in a first direction, so that the corresponding lateral side of the blank of the opening comes to rest against the piston above the punch, to control the movement of the punch from the bottom upwards to complete the cutting from the short side of the opening, to cause a new displacement from the top to the bottom of the punch, to move the profile laterally in the opposite direction from the first and to re-order the movement of the punch from bottom to top to complete the opening along its opposite small side.
  • the reference 1 generally designates an elongated and continuous metal profile, of the kind of those commonly used in aluminum carpentry for making frames for doors, windows or the like.
  • Such a profile has, in itself known, a tubular structure, comprising two opposite parallel faces, respectively 2 and 3, braced by means of two equally parallel webs, respectively 4 and 5, extending perpendicular to the faces 2 and 3.
  • the latter extend beyond the sails 4 and 5 and comprise possibly grooved parts such as 6, 7 and 8, the detail of the latter not important to the present invention.
  • the sails 4 and 5 define with the opposite parallel faces 2 and 3 an internal housing 9, completely surrounded by these elements.
  • an opening 10 substantially in the middle part of this section, through one of the opposite parallel faces 2 or 3, it it is not practicable to introduce inside the profile, in particular into the housing 9, a structure forming a support matrix, against which a support tool can lean punching coming to cut in the sheet of the profile the opening 10, the latter being generally intended for mounting on the profile of an accessory and in particular of a shell of a handle or of a lock, to be attached to the profile when this constitutes a part of the frame of a frame or door or window opening.
  • the punching tool according to the present invention makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks, by ensuring the production of one or even two openings 10 and 11 in the opposite faces 2 and 3 of the profile 1, which is simple to implement, allows precise cuts exactly to the desired dimensions and such that, when the profile must have two facing openings, these are strictly in correspondence and have entirely identical dimensions.
  • the openings 10 and 11 have a rectangular profile, this precise shape not however being completely limiting.
  • each opening has two large parallel sides, respectively 12 and 13, these sides extending in the longitudinal direction of the profile and preferably in the immediate vicinity, respectively of the parallel sails 4 and 5, perpendicular to the faces 2 and 3 of the profiled for the reasons explained below.
  • These openings 12 and 13 also have short transverse sides, respectively 14 and 15, perpendicular of course to the longitudinal sides 12 and 13, these transverse sides 14 and 15 therefore being perpendicular to the webs 4 and 5, their common dimension being substantially equal. at the distance between these sails.
  • FIG. 2 then in FIGS. 4 and 5 is more particularly illustrated the punching tool according to the invention, making it possible to make the openings 10 and 11 in the faces 2 and 3 of the profile, without using a matrix or anvil of back pressure arranged in the housing 9 in line with the areas where these openings must be made.
  • the tool mainly comprises a punch 16 the shape and implementation of which are specified below, this punch 16 being integral with a piston 17, itself fitted into a control block 18 allowing by means of a jack 19 or other to exert an effort on the punch 16, either from top to bottom in the vertical direction in the drawings, or vice versa from bottom to top.
  • the control unit 18 is guided in its movement by means of rods slidably mounted in bores 21 of a fixed support 22, which has a groove 23 open laterally and into which the profile 1 can be introduced beforehand. position such that it has its opposite faces 2 and 3 in horizontal parallel planes, perpendicular to the vertical direction of movement of the punch 16.
  • the fixed support 22 also comprises a retractable stop 24 which, in the example schematically illustrated in FIG. 2 comprises an arm 25 articulated around a horizontal axis, this stop being permanently subjected to the action of a spring of thrust 27, so that a ball-shaped projection 28 provided on the arm 25 can come to emerge in the groove 23 when the latter does not include the profile 1, conversely disappear outside of this groove when the profile pushes the stop by the horizontal face 3, in the position illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • a retractable stop 24 which, in the example schematically illustrated in FIG. 2 comprises an arm 25 articulated around a horizontal axis, this stop being permanently subjected to the action of a spring of thrust 27, so that a ball-shaped projection 28 provided on the arm 25 can come to emerge in the groove 23 when the latter does not include the profile 1, conversely disappear outside of this groove when the profile pushes the stop by the horizontal face 3, in the position illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the stop 24 may in this case bring out the projection 28 of the arm 25 inside this opening 10, allowing in this case an indexing of the position of the profile vis-à-vis the punch and the piercing of its face 3 then opposite this punch, to obtain the second opening 11, the latter being produced in precise coincidence with the position of the first opening 10.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate in more detail the profile of the punch 16.
  • the latter of generally parallelepiped shape, preferably comprises two longitudinal cutting edges, respectively 29 and 31, which extend parallel to the direction of the profile 1, these edges being joined in the lower part of the punch by two zones, respectively 30 and 32, in an arc of a circle, symmetrical with each other relative to the median plane of the tool and which join to form a central edge 33, parallel to the longitudinal edges 29 and 31, but which, by construction, are at a level slightly lower in the vertical direction to the latter, that is to say made more protruding outward from the punch under this one.
  • the punch also comprises in its upper part two transverse edges, respectively 34 and 35, also sharp, these edges being preferably inclined on the horizontal plane, from one end to the other thereof.
  • the punch 16 is integral with the piston 17, these two parts preferably coming from manufacture, by machining or foundry, in one piece, or if necessary attached and fixed to each other by any suitable means.
  • the width of the punch 16 corresponds by construction to that of the openings 10 or 11 to be produced in the profile 1, and corresponds to that of the short sides 14 and 15 thereof.
  • the length of the punch is such that it is slightly less than that of the long sides 12 and 13 of these same openings.
  • the piston 17 in turn has a width which corresponds to that of the punch.
  • its length is again less than that of this punch, as clearly illustrated in Figure 4, the difference in the lengths of these two parts of the punching tool being determined so that this difference, added to the length of the punch on either side of its lateral ends, leads to an overall dimension which corresponds to that of the long sides 12 and 13 of the openings 10 or 11.
  • the reference 36 represents the metal chip created in the surface 2 (or 3) of the profile 1 by an up and down movement of the piston 17 and of driving in the punch 16 piercing and crossing this surface, this chip is collecting in the bottom of the housing 9, from which it can be subsequently extracted, thanks in particular to its slight reduction in width with respect to the distance which separates the long sides 12 and 13 from the blank of the opening 10 or 11 produced, caused by the particular shape of the underside of this punch and in particular of the relative arrangement of the edges 29 and 31 on the one hand, 33 on the other hand, the chip 36 curving slightly on itself during of its creation and its separation from the metal sheet from which it comes.
  • the section 1 is assumed to be engaged in the open groove of the fixed support with its opposite parallel faces, 2 and 3 respectively, arranged in horizontal planes.
  • the punch 16 carried by the piston 17 is above the profile 1, which is positioned under the punch 16 in line with the first opening 10 to be produced in its upper face 2.
  • the punch 16 is then driven in a vertical movement from top to bottom, so as to come to attack the surface 2 of the profile 1 and carry out therein the roughing of the opening 10.
  • the punch 16 crosses the upper surface 2, and causes therein the abovementioned opening blank, the downward movement of the punch advantageously being effected by sliding the end edges thereof between two lateral guides, respectively 37 and 38, carried by the fixed support 22 ..
  • FIG. 3c illustrates the position of the punch 16 at the end of the descent stroke of the piston 17, after the chip 36 has fallen produced inside the housing 9 in the profile 1.
  • the movement of the punch 16 is shown diagrammatically in these Figures by the arrow 41.
  • the piston 17 maintains the punch 16 inside the housing 9 in the profile 1, the latter being subjected to a lateral displacement force, in the example illustrated towards the left of the drawing as shown by arrow 42.
  • the sheet metal fraction 40 situated to the right of the opening blank 10 obtained previously moves relatively relative to the punch 16, until it comes to abut against the corresponding side 43 of the piston 17.
  • the section 1 is designed to have two openings, respectively 10 and 11, placed strictly opposite one another in the opposite faces 2 and 3, it suffices to turn the section 180 ° on itself- even and to introduce it again into the open groove 23 of the fixed support 22, the movable stop 24 then projecting inside the housing 9 through the opening 10 under the effect of its spring 27.
  • the stop 24 thus constitutes an anchor point for the profile 1, making it possible to position it exactly opposite the punch.
  • the latter can then carry out the second opening 11, as illustrated in FIGS. 3g, 3h and 3i, which respectively take up the arrangements already described with regard to the formation of the first opening 10, in relation to FIGS. 3b, 3rd and 3f.
  • FIG. 5 shows on a larger scale the fraction of sheet metal 39 sectioned on the left side of the openings 10 and 11 by the return movement of the punch 16.
  • the tool considered thus makes it possible to carry out all the operations necessary on a single punching station, with a final cut with regular edges, the initial chip and the complementary fractions of sheet metal, eliminated respectively on the descent then on the ascent of the punch, being able to be easily evacuated, either due to their narrowing in width, or their withdrawal towards the outside of the profile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
  • Punching Or Piercing (AREA)

Description

La présente invention est relative à un outil de poinçonnage destiné en particulier à réaliser sur un profilé métallique tubulaire allongé et continu, dans une section fermée sur elle-même de celui-ci, une ouverture nette de contour donné et en particulier de forme rectangulaire et de préférence deux ouvertures de ce genre, identiques et en regard l'une de l'autre sur deux faces parallèles de ce profilé, en vue notamment du montage d'un accessoire à fixer sur celui-ci.The present invention relates to a punching tool intended in particular to produce on a continuous and elongated tubular metal profile, in a closed section on itself thereof, a clear opening of given contour and in particular of rectangular shape and preferably two openings of this kind, identical and facing one another on two parallel faces of this profile, in particular for the mounting of an accessory to be fixed thereon.

Plus particulièrement encore, l'invention concerne un outil de ce genre, apte à percer un profilé de grande longueur présentant lui-même une section générale rectangulaire, notamment du type de ceux utilisés pour constituer le châssis d'un dormant fixe ou d'un ouvrant mobile d'une porte, fenêtre ou analogue, afin de monter dans les ouvertures réalisées dans ce profilé, à distance convanable de ses extrémités, la coquille d'une poignée ou d'une serrure pour commander ou immobiliser l'ouvrant vis-à-vis du dormant, en permettant d'assurer son mouvement de pivotement ou de coulissement par rapport à celui-ci.More particularly still, the invention relates to a tool of this kind, capable of piercing a very long profile which itself has a generally rectangular section, in particular of the type of those used to constitute the chassis of a fixed frame or of a movable opening of a door, window or the like, in order to mount in the openings made in this profile, at a suitable distance from its ends, the shell of a handle or of a lock for controlling or immobilizing the opening - screw of the frame, making it possible to ensure its pivoting or sliding movement relative to the latter.

Traditionnellement, ces ouvertures qui présentent deux grands côtés parallèles à la direction longitudinale du profilé métallique, sont réalisées par un usinage à la fraise, ce qui constitue une opération longue et relativement onéreuse, un tel procédé étant néanmoins jusqu'à présent nécessaire en raison de la position relative des ouvertures à effectuer selon la longueur du profilé, ces ouvertures se situant à distance généralement notable des extrémités ouvertes de ce dernier et ne permettant pas en principe de mettre en oeuvre la technique classique de poinçonnage plus rapide et d'un coût minimal.Traditionally, these openings, which have two large sides parallel to the longitudinal direction of the metal profile, are produced by milling, which constitutes a long and relatively expensive operation, such a process being nevertheless until now necessary due to the relative position of the openings to be made along the length of the profile, these openings being located at a generally significant distance from the open ends of the latter and not in principle making it possible to implement the conventional punching technique faster and at minimal cost .

En effet, cette dernière technique exige normalement que l'outil de poinçonnage qui découpe par enfoncement depuis l'extérieur la tôle métallique du profilé selon un mouvement commandé perpendiculairement à la surface à perforer, soit associé à une matrice ou enclume disposée de l'autre côté de la tôle pour éviter que le métal ne soit emporté ou déchiré vers l'intérieur du profilé lorsque l'outil crève la surface à découper.Indeed, this last technique normally requires that the punching tool which cuts by pressing from the outside the metal sheet of the profile according to a movement controlled perpendicular to the surface to perforate, either associated with a die or anvil placed on the other side of the sheet to prevent the metal from being carried away or torn towards the inside of the profile when the tool punctures the surface to be cut.

De plus, si la structure même du profilé comprend des voiles internes perpendiculaires aux faces où les ouvertures sont à pratiquer (voir par exemple FR-A-2644202), propres à supporter la tôle emboutie et coupée simultanément par le poinçon en limitant l'inconvénient précité, le copeau métallique de relativement grandes dimensions pour le logement convenable de l'accessoire à monter dans cette ouverture, risque de tomber à l'intérieur du profilé, ce qui conduit à des difficultés pour obtenir son retrait ultérieur et occasionne une perte de temps.In addition, if the very structure of the profile includes internal webs perpendicular to the faces where the openings are to be made (see for example FR-A-2644202), suitable for supporting the pressed sheet metal and cut simultaneously by the punch limiting the inconvenience aforementioned, the relatively large metal chip for the suitable housing of the accessory to be mounted in this opening, may fall inside the profile, which leads to difficulties in obtaining its subsequent removal and causes a loss of time .

Par ailleurs, même dans le cas précédent, l'utilisation d'un outil de poinçonnage usuel ne peut pas éviter la déformation de la tôle le long des petits côtés de l'ouverture qui sont plus ou moins forcés vers l'intérieur du profilé, l'ouverture ne présentant pas un profil parfaitement régulier et dans le plan de la surface du profilé, ce qui provoque des difficultés pour le montage ultérieur de l'accessoire.Furthermore, even in the previous case, the use of a usual punching tool cannot avoid the deformation of the sheet along the short sides of the opening which are more or less forced towards the inside of the profile, the opening does not have a perfectly regular profile and in the plane of the surface of the profile, which causes difficulties for the subsequent mounting of the accessory.

Enfin, lorsque, comme envisagé fréquemment, il convient de réaliser deux découpes en regard, strictement identiques et en particulier ménagées rigoureusement en correspondance sur les deux faces opposées du profilé, la solution classique par poinçonnage, qui consiste à positionner l'outil au moyen d'un tracé préalable effectué sur ces faces, peut conduire à un alignement imparfait, avec nécessité d'un ajustement ultérieur lors du montage de l'accessoire, ce qui n'est pas toujours possible et dans tous les cas, entraîne une perte de temps importante, en grèvant le coût de la fourniture.Finally, when, as frequently envisaged, it is necessary to make two facing cuts, strictly identical and in particular formed strictly in correspondence on the two opposite faces of the profile, the conventional solution by punching, which consists in positioning the tool by means of '' a preliminary tracing carried out on these faces, can lead to an imperfect alignment, with need for a later adjustment during the assembly of the accessory, which is not always possible and in all cases, involves a loss of time important, by increasing the cost of the supply.

La présente invention a pour objet un outil de poinçonnage qui pallie ces inconvénients, en permettant d'obtenir des découpes nettes, en particulier de forme rectangulaire, avec deux grands côtés et deux petits côtés respectivement parallèles dans un profilé métallique de grande longueur et dont la direction longitudinale est celle des grands côtés des découpes, celles-ci étant réalisées rapidement et efficacement avec un positionnement précis dans deux faces parallèles opposées du profilé pour obtenir leur exacte mise en regard.The subject of the present invention is a punching tool which overcomes these drawbacks, by making it possible to obtain clean cuts, in particular of rectangular shape, with two long sides and two short sides respectively parallel in a metal section of great length and whose longitudinal direction is that of the long sides of the cutouts, these being produced quickly and efficiently with precise positioning in two opposite parallel faces of the profile to obtain their exact facing.

A cet effet, l'outil considéré, pour la réalisation dans un profilé métallique tubulaire de grande longueur à section fermée sur elle-même et présentant deux faces parallèles opposées disposées horizontalement, d'une et de préférence deux ouvertures rectangulaires identiques, respectivement dans l'une et l'autre de ces faces, sensiblement dans le milieu de la longueur du profilé, les grands côtés de ces ouvertures s'étendant selon la direction longitudinale du profilé, lequel comporte intérieurement au moins deux voiles parallèles, perpendiculaires aux faces opposées et parallèles aux grands côtés des ouvertures dont les petits côtés sont sensiblement égaux à la distance qui sépare ces voiles, outil qui comporte un poinçon de forme générale parallélépipédique dont les arêtes longitudinales inférieures tranchantes sont parallèles aux grands côtés des ouvertures, la largeur du poinçon étant égale à celle des petits côtés tandis que sa longueur est inférieure à celle des grands côtés, le poinçon étant solidaire d'un piston de commande mobile à l'intérieur d'un support fixe, présentant une gorge latérale ouverte de positionnement du profilé sous le poinçon au droit d'une ouverture à réaliser par enfoncement vertical de celui-ci de haut en bas dans le profilé à travers la face à découper sous l'effet du déplacement du piston, celui-ci comportant une dimension en longueur inférieure à celle du poinçon, lequel comprend des arêtes transversales supérieures également tranchantes pour former successivement les petits côtés de l'ouverture consécutivement à des déplacements longitudinaux du profilé dans la gorge jusqu'à buter sur le piston préalablement au mouvement de retour de celui-ci, ramenant le poinçon à l'extérieur du profilé.To this end, the tool considered, for producing in a very long tubular metal section with closed section on itself and having two opposite parallel faces arranged horizontally, with one and preferably two identical rectangular openings, respectively in the one and the other of these faces, substantially in the middle of the length of the profile, the long sides of these openings extending in the longitudinal direction of the profile, which internally comprises at least two parallel webs, perpendicular to the opposite faces and parallel to the long sides of the openings, the short sides of which are substantially equal to the distance which separates these sails, a tool which comprises a punch of generally parallelepipedal shape, the sharp lower longitudinal edges of which are parallel to the long sides of the openings, the width of the punch being equal to that of the short sides while its long ur is less than that of the long sides, the punch being integral with a movable control piston inside a fixed support, having an open lateral groove for positioning the profile under the punch in line with an opening to be produced by vertical insertion of the latter from top to bottom in the profile through the face to be cut under the effect of the displacement of the piston, the latter having a dimension in length less than that of the punch, which includes upper transverse edges also sharp to successively form the short sides of the opening following longitudinal movements of the profile in the groove until it abuts on the piston prior to the return movement thereof, bringing the punch to the of the profile.

L'outil de poinçonnage ainsi agencé permet de réaliser, dans un premier temps et consécutivement à un déplacement du haut vers le bas commandé par le piston, une ébauche de découpe d'un copeau dans la face supérieure du profilé disposé horizontalement dans la gorge du support, selon les grands côtés de l'ouverture à effectuer, la coupe de la tôle se produisant au voisinage immédiat des voiles internes du profilé qui jouent pour ceux-ci le rôle d'une matrice interne, cette coupe étant obtenue selon une ligne nette, en suivant les plans des deux voiles respectivement.The punching tool thus arranged makes it possible to carry out, firstly and following a displacement from the top to the bottom controlled by the piston, a blank for cutting a chip in the upper face of the profile disposed horizontally in the groove of the support, along the long sides of the opening to be made, the cutting of the sheet occurring in the immediate vicinity of the internal webs of the profile which for them play the role of an internal matrix, this cutting being obtained along a clean line , following the plans of the two sails respectively.

Simultanément, les arêtes transversales inférieures du poinçon découpent la tôle parallèlement aux petits côtés de l'ouverture mais, selon des lignes situées vers l'intérieur de l'ouverture, du fait de la longueur du poinçon inférieure à celle des grands côtés de cette dernière, ces lignes et la partie attenante de la tôle de chaque côté du poinçon étant légèrement forcées vers l'intérieur du profilé.Simultaneously, the lower transverse edges of the punch cut the sheet metal parallel to the short sides of the opening but, according to lines located towards the inside of the opening, due to the length of the punch less than that of the long sides of the latter. , these lines and the adjoining part of the sheet on each side of the punch being slightly forced towards the inside of the profile.

Dans un second temps, le poinçon, engagé à l'intérieur du profilé, après traversée de la tôle dans la face correspondante, est déplacé vers la droite ou vers la gauche d'une distance déterminée, ce déplacement transversal étant autorisé du fait de la longueur plus limitée du piston par rapport à celle du poinçon.In a second step, the punch, engaged inside the profile, after crossing the sheet in the corresponding face, is moved to the right or to the left by a determined distance, this transverse movement being authorized due to the more limited length of the piston compared to that of the punch.

A cet instant et dans un troisième temps, le mouvement du piston est inversé pour produire un déplacement du poinçon de bas en haut, les arêtes latérales supérieures de celui-ci venant découper la fraction correspondante de la tôle à l'endroit précis du petit côté de l'ouverture, la surface relativement limitée de cette fraction vis-à-vis de celle du copeau emporté lors de la descente de l'outil, permettant d'obtenir des lignes nettes, non seulement selon ce petit côté mais également dans le prolongement correspondant des grands côtés de l'ouverture finale.At this instant and in a third step, the movement of the piston is reversed to produce a displacement of the punch from bottom to top, the upper lateral edges of the latter coming to cut the corresponding fraction of the sheet at the precise location of the small side. from the opening, the relatively limited area of this fraction vis-à-vis that of the chip carried during the descent of the tool, making it possible to obtain sharp lines, not only along this short side but also in the corresponding extension of the long sides of the 'final opening.

Dans un quatrième temps, le poinçon est à nouveau engagé par un mouvement de descente du piston à l'intérieur de l'ébauche de découpe formée, puis déplacé dans la direction opposée à celle adoptée lors du troisième temps, le retour du bas vers le haut du poinçon sous la commande du piston, réalisant, de la même manière qu'indiquée ci-dessus, la découpe de la fraction correspondante de la tôle et la formation du second petit côté.In a fourth step, the punch is again engaged by a downward movement of the piston inside the formed blank, then moved in the direction opposite to that adopted in the third step, the return from the bottom to the top of the punch under the control of the piston, carrying out, in the same manner as indicated above, the cutting of the corresponding fraction of the sheet and the formation of the second short side.

On réalise ainsi une ouverture dans l'une des faces de la tôle qui présente un profil parfaitement rectangulaire, sans enfoncement ou déformation du métal restant, facilitant pour les raisons déjà précisées, le montage subséquent d'un accessoire et en particulier d'une coquille de poignée ou analogue dans le profilé.An opening is thus produced in one of the faces of the sheet which has a perfectly rectangular profile, without sinking or deformation of the remaining metal, facilitating for the reasons already specified, the subsequent mounting of an accessory and in particular of a shell handle or the like in the profile.

Selon une autre caractéristique avantageuse, la section droite du poinçon présente, selon ses petits côtés, un profil constitué de deux zones jointives sensiblement en arc de cercle vers l'intérieur de celui-ci, ces zones étant symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport au plan vertical médian du poinçon et se rejoignant en pointe dans ce plan, pour former une arête centrale longitudinale située dans ce plan en-dessous du niveau commun des deux arêtes latérales inférieures du poinçon.According to another advantageous characteristic, the cross section of the punch has, along its short sides, a profile consisting of two contiguous zones substantially in an arc towards the inside thereof, these zones being symmetrical to one another relative to the vertical median plane of the punch and meeting at a point in this plane, to form a longitudinal central edge located in this plane below the common level of the two lower lateral edges of the punch.

Cette structure particulière de la surface inférieure du poinçon, avec ses deux arêtes latérales s'étendant selon sa direction longitudinale et une arête centrale plus saillante, permet une attaque de la tôle dans la face supérieure du profilé lors de la descente du piston dans le premier temps précité, telle que le copeau réalisé comporte un profil transversal légèrement incurvé, du fait de l'effort exercé dans la partie médiane de ce copeau par cette arête centrale, cette déformation ayant pour effet de réduire légèrement la largeur du copeau et d'éviter en conséquence qu'il ne se coince à l'intérieur du profilé, entre les voiles latéraux et les faces opposées de celui-ci.This particular structure of the lower surface of the punch, with its two lateral edges extending in its longitudinal direction and a more projecting central edge, allows an attack of the sheet in the upper face of the profile when the piston descends in the first aforementioned time, such that the chip produced has a slightly curved transverse profile, because of the force exerted in the middle part of this chip by this central edge, this deformation having the effect of slightly reducing the width of the chip and consequently preventing it from getting stuck inside the profile, between the side sails and the opposite sides thereof.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les arêtes transversales supérieures du poinçon sont inclinées sur le plan horizontal, de manière à sectionner la tôle d'une extrémité à l'autre des petits côtés de l'ouverture lors du mouvement de retour du poinçon.According to another characteristic of the invention, the upper transverse edges of the punch are inclined on the horizontal plane, so as to cut the sheet from one end to the other of the short sides of the opening during the return movement of the punch .

Cette forme particulière des arêtes tranchantes ménagées sur le dessus du poinçon, de chaque côté du piston de commande, présente l'avantage de pouvoir sectionner selon les petits côtés de l'ouverture les fractions de tôle correspondantes préalablement forcées vers l'intérieur, selon des lignes parfaitement nettes et correspondant à des cotes précises.This particular shape of the cutting edges formed on the top of the punch, on each side of the control piston, has the advantage of being able to cut along the short sides of the opening the corresponding sheet metal fractions previously forced inwards, according to perfectly clear lines and corresponding to precise dimensions.

Avantageusement, le support fixe comporte deux guides latéraux verticaux, distants l'un de l'autre de la longueur du poinçon selon ses grands côtés, contre lesquels coulissent les petits côtés de celui-ci lors de ses mouvements de descente et de retour, ces guides formant matrices d'appui lors de la découpe des fractions de tôle à la remontée du poinçon.Advantageously, the fixed support comprises two vertical lateral guides, spaced from each other by the length of the punch along its long sides, against which the short sides of the latter slide during its downward and return movements, these guides forming support dies during the cutting of the sheet metal fractions when the punch is raised.

De préférence également et selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'outil considéré, la différence de longueur entre le poinçon et le piston est égal aux déplacements du profilé dans la gorge ouverte du support, préalablement au mouvement de remontée du poinçon.Preferably also and according to yet another characteristic of the tool considered, the difference in length between the punch and the piston is equal to the displacements of the profile in the open groove of the support, prior to the upward movement of the punch.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulièrement avantageux, le support fixe comprend dans sa gorge ouverte recevant le profilé, une butée mobile, apte à s'effacer lors de l'engagement du profilé dans cette gorge, cette butée pouvant en revanche pénétrer dans une première ouverture réalisée dans une face du profilé après retournement de celui-ci de 180° sur lui-même et substitution de l'une à l'autre de ses faces horizontales, de façon à permettre d'indexer la position du profilé par rapport à la première ouverture et de réaliser une seconde ouverture dans la face opposée, se situant exactement en regard de la première.In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the fixed support comprises in its open groove receiving the profile, a movable stop, capable of disappearing when the profile is engaged in this groove, this stop being able, on the other hand, to penetrate into a first opening made in one side of the profile after turning over this 180 ° on itself and substitution of one of the other for its horizontal faces, so as to allow the position of the profile to be indexed relative to the first opening and to make a second opening in the opposite side, located exactly opposite the first.

L'invention concerne également le procédé mis en oeuvre au moyen de l'outil de poinçonnage considéré, qui consiste à placer le profilé dans la gorge ouverte du support fixe de manière à ce qu'il présente une de ses faces horizontales en regard du poinçon en position relevée, à commander la descente du poinçon verticalement de haut en bas pour former l'ébauche de l'ouverture dans cette face, avec ses grands côtés parallèles aux voiles parallèles du profilé, à déplacer latéralement le profilé vers la droite ou vers la gauche dans une première direction, de telle sorte que le côté latéral correspondant de l'ébauche de l'ouverture vienne s'appliquer contre le piston au-dessus du poinçon, à commander le déplacement du poinçon du bas vers le haut pour achever la découpe du petit côté de l'ouverture, à provoquer un nouveau déplacement du haut vers le bas du poinçon, à déplacer latéralement le profilé dans la direction opposée de la première et à commander à nouveau le déplacement du poinçon du bas vers le haut pour achever l'ouverture selon son petit côté opposé.The invention also relates to the method implemented by means of the punching tool considered, which consists in placing the profile in the open groove of the fixed support so that it has one of its horizontal faces opposite the punch. in the raised position, to control the descent of the punch vertically from top to bottom to form the blank of the opening in this face, with its long sides parallel to the parallel webs of the profile, to move the profile laterally to the right or to the left in a first direction, so that the corresponding lateral side of the blank of the opening comes to rest against the piston above the punch, to control the movement of the punch from the bottom upwards to complete the cutting from the short side of the opening, to cause a new displacement from the top to the bottom of the punch, to move the profile laterally in the opposite direction from the first and to re-order the movement of the punch from bottom to top to complete the opening along its opposite small side.

D'autres caractéristiques d'un outil de poinçonnage établi conformément à l'invention apparaîtront encore à travers la description qui suit d'un exemple de réalisation, donné à titre indicatif et non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :

  • La Figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de profilé tubulaire, de grande longueur, dans lequel on souhaite réaliser une et de préférence deux découpes identiques, en regard dans ses faces opposées, sensiblement dans la partie médiane de ce profilé.
  • La Figure 2 est une vue en coupe transversale à légèrement plus grande échelle du support fixe du piston mobile et du poinçon porté par ce piston, permettant de réaliser les découpes du profilé.
  • La Figure 3 comporte neuf schémas de principe, repérés respectivement de a à i, permettant de mieux expliciter la manière dont le poinçon réalise les découpes du profilé.
  • La Figure 4 est une vue en perspective à plus grande échelle des éléments représentés sur la Figure 2.
  • La Figure 5 est une vue en perspective à encore plus grande échelle d'une partie de la Figure 4.
Other characteristics of a punching tool established in accordance with the invention will become more apparent from the following description of an exemplary embodiment, given by way of non-limiting example, with reference to the appended drawings in which:
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a tubular profile element, of great length, in which it is desired to make one and preferably two identical cuts, facing in its opposite faces, substantially in the middle part of this profile.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view on a slightly larger scale of the fixed support of the movable piston and of the punch carried by this piston, making it possible to cut the profile.
  • Figure 3 has nine block diagrams, marked respectively from a to i, to better explain how the punch performs the profile cuts.
  • Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the elements shown in Figure 2.
  • Figure 5 is an even larger scale perspective view of part of Figure 4.

Sur la Figure 1, la référence 1 désigne de façon générale un profilé métallique allongé et continu, du genre de ceux couramment utilisés en menuiserie d'aluminium pour réaliser des châssis de portes, fenêtres ou analogues.In FIG. 1, the reference 1 generally designates an elongated and continuous metal profile, of the kind of those commonly used in aluminum carpentry for making frames for doors, windows or the like.

Un tel profilé présente de façon en elle-même connue une structure tubulaire, comportant deux faces parallèles opposées, respectivement 2 et 3, entretoisées au moyen de deux voiles également parallèles, respectivement 4 et 5, s'étendant perpendiculairement aux faces 2 et 3. Ces dernières se prolongent au-delà des voiles 4 et 5 et comportent des parties éventuellement rainurées telles que 6, 7 et 8, le détail de ces dernières n'important pas à la présente invention. Les voiles 4 et 5 délimitent avec les faces parallèles opposées 2 et 3 un logement interne 9, complètement entouré par ces éléments.Such a profile has, in itself known, a tubular structure, comprising two opposite parallel faces, respectively 2 and 3, braced by means of two equally parallel webs, respectively 4 and 5, extending perpendicular to the faces 2 and 3. The latter extend beyond the sails 4 and 5 and comprise possibly grooved parts such as 6, 7 and 8, the detail of the latter not important to the present invention. The sails 4 and 5 define with the opposite parallel faces 2 and 3 an internal housing 9, completely surrounded by these elements.

Dans ces conditions, on comprend aisément que pour réaliser dans le profilé 1, dont la longueur peut en pratique présenter plusieurs mètres, une ouverture 10, sensiblement dans la partie médiane de ce profilé, à travers une des faces parallèles opposées 2 ou 3, il n'est pas pratiquable d'introduire à l'intérieur du profilé, en particulier dans le logement 9, une structure formant matrice d'appui, contre laquelle peut s'appuyer un outil de poinçonnage venant découper dans la tôle du profilé l'ouverture 10, cette dernière étant généralement destinée au montage sur le profilé d'un accessoire et en particulier d'une coquille d'une poignée ou d'une serrure, à rapporter sur le profilé lorsque celui-ci constitue une partie du châssis d'un dormant ou ouvrant de porte ou fenêtre.Under these conditions, it is easily understood that in order to produce in the section 1, the length of which may in practice have several meters, an opening 10, substantially in the middle part of this section, through one of the opposite parallel faces 2 or 3, it it is not practicable to introduce inside the profile, in particular into the housing 9, a structure forming a support matrix, against which a support tool can lean punching coming to cut in the sheet of the profile the opening 10, the latter being generally intended for mounting on the profile of an accessory and in particular of a shell of a handle or of a lock, to be attached to the profile when this constitutes a part of the frame of a frame or door or window opening.

Le problème ainsi posé est d'autant plus délicat à résoudre que, outre l'ouverture 10 précitée, par exemple ménagée dans la face 2 du profilé 1, il est nécessaire, pour le montage dudit accessoire, de réaliser sur la face 3 opposée une seconde ouverture 11 qui soit identique à la première et créée strictement en regard de celle-ci pour être en correspondance exacte avec elle.The problem thus posed is all the more difficult to solve since, in addition to the aforementioned opening 10, for example formed in the face 2 of the profile 1, it is necessary, for the mounting of said accessory, to produce on the opposite face 3 a second opening 11 which is identical to the first and created strictly opposite it to be in exact correspondence with it.

La mise en oeuvre d'un outil de poinçonnage classique, sans précautions particulières, n'est pas adaptée, en raison des déformations que son utilisation implique, du fait de l'absence d'une matrice ou enclume apte à être disposée de l'autre côté de la face 2 ou 3 du profilé dans laquelle est ménagée l'ouverture 10 ou 11, les bords de cette dernière étant dès lors irréguliers ou forcés vers le logement 9 lors de la découpe de la tôle par le poinçon, la déformation correspondante introduisant des difficultés pour réaliser ensuite le montage correct de l'accessoire sur le profilé.The implementation of a conventional punching tool, without special precautions, is not suitable, because of the deformations that its use implies, due to the absence of a matrix or anvil capable of being disposed of the other side of the face 2 or 3 of the profile in which the opening 10 or 11 is formed, the edges of the latter being therefore irregular or forced towards the housing 9 when the sheet is cut by the punch, the corresponding deformation introducing difficulties to then carry out the correct mounting of the accessory on the profile.

Le recours habituel à un processus d'usinage par fraisage pour la réalisation des découpes 10 et 11, implique diverses contraintes, nécessitant en particulier des tracés préalables précis des zones dans lesquelles doivent être effectuées les ouvertures, ce qui est délicat à mettre en pratique et en tous cas grève fortement le prix de revient de l'installation.The usual use of a milling process for making cuts 10 and 11 involves various constraints, requiring in particular precise preliminary outlines of the zones in which the openings must be made, which is difficult to put into practice and in any case, the cost of the installation will strike sharply.

L'outil de poinçonnage selon la présente invention, dont les Figures 2, 4 et 5 illustrent plus particulièrement la structure, permet d'éviter ces inconvénients, en assurant la réalisation d'une, voire de deux ouvertures 10 et 11 dans les faces opposées 2 et 3 du profilé 1, qui soit simple à mettre en oeuvre, permette des découpes précises exactement aux dimensions voulues et telles que, lorsque le profilé doit comporter deux ouvertures en regard, celles-ci soient strictement en correspondance et présentent des dimensions entièrement identiques.The punching tool according to the present invention, of which Figures 2, 4 and 5 illustrate more particularly the structure, makes it possible to avoid these drawbacks, by ensuring the production of one or even two openings 10 and 11 in the opposite faces 2 and 3 of the profile 1, which is simple to implement, allows precise cuts exactly to the desired dimensions and such that, when the profile must have two facing openings, these are strictly in correspondence and have entirely identical dimensions.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les dessins, qui correspond à une mise en oeuvre préférée et pratiquement exclusive de l'invention, les ouvertures 10 et 11 présentent un profil rectangulaire, cette forme précise n'étant pas toutefois totalement limitative.In the embodiment shown in the drawings, which corresponds to a preferred and practically exclusive implementation of the invention, the openings 10 and 11 have a rectangular profile, this precise shape not however being completely limiting.

Dans ce cas, chaque ouverture comporte deux grands côtés parallèles, respectivement 12 et 13, ces côtés s'étendant selon la direction longitudinale du profilé et de préférence au voisinage immédiat, respectivement des voiles parallèles 4 et 5, perpendiculaires aux faces 2 et 3 du profilé pour les raisons exposées plus loin. Ces ouvertures 12 et 13 comportent par ailleurs des petits côtés transversaux, respectivement 14 et 15, perpendiculaires bien entendu aux côtés longitudinaux 12 et 13, ces côtés transversaux 14 et 15 étant par conséquent perpendiculaires aux voiles 4 et 5, leur dimension commune étant sensiblement égale à la distance qui sépare ces voiles.In this case, each opening has two large parallel sides, respectively 12 and 13, these sides extending in the longitudinal direction of the profile and preferably in the immediate vicinity, respectively of the parallel sails 4 and 5, perpendicular to the faces 2 and 3 of the profiled for the reasons explained below. These openings 12 and 13 also have short transverse sides, respectively 14 and 15, perpendicular of course to the longitudinal sides 12 and 13, these transverse sides 14 and 15 therefore being perpendicular to the webs 4 and 5, their common dimension being substantially equal. at the distance between these sails.

Sur la Figure 2, puis sur les Figures 4 et 5 est plus spécialement illustré l'outil de poinçonnage selon l'invention, permettant de réaliser les ouvertures 10 et 11 dans les faces 2 et 3 du profilé, sans utiliser de matrice ou enclume de contre-pression disposée dans le logement 9 au droit des zones où doivent être précisément effectuées ces ouvertures.In FIG. 2, then in FIGS. 4 and 5 is more particularly illustrated the punching tool according to the invention, making it possible to make the openings 10 and 11 in the faces 2 and 3 of the profile, without using a matrix or anvil of back pressure arranged in the housing 9 in line with the areas where these openings must be made.

Comme illustré sur la Figure 2, l'outil comporte principalement un poinçon 16 dont la forme et la mise en oeuvre sont précisées ci-après, ce poinçon 16 étant solidaire d'un piston 17, lui-même emmanché dans un bloc de commande 18 permettant au moyen d'un vérin 19 ou autre d'exercer sur le poinçon 16 un effort, soit de haut en bas dans le sens vertical sur les dessins, soit inversement de bas en haut.As illustrated in FIG. 2, the tool mainly comprises a punch 16 the shape and implementation of which are specified below, this punch 16 being integral with a piston 17, itself fitted into a control block 18 allowing by means of a jack 19 or other to exert an effort on the punch 16, either from top to bottom in the vertical direction in the drawings, or vice versa from bottom to top.

Le bloc de commande 18 est guidé dans son mouvement par l'intermédiaire de tiges montées à coulissement dans des alésages 21 d'un support fixe 22, lequel comporte une gorge 23 ouverte latéralement et dans laquelle peut être préalablement introduit le profilé 1, dans une position telle que celui-ci présente ses faces opposées 2 et 3 dans des plans parallèles horizontaux, perpendiculaires à la direction verticale du déplacement du poinçon 16.The control unit 18 is guided in its movement by means of rods slidably mounted in bores 21 of a fixed support 22, which has a groove 23 open laterally and into which the profile 1 can be introduced beforehand. position such that it has its opposite faces 2 and 3 in horizontal parallel planes, perpendicular to the vertical direction of movement of the punch 16.

Le support fixe 22 comporte par ailleurs une butée escamotable 24 qui, dans l'exemple schématiquement illustré sur la Figure 2 comporte un bras 25 articulé autour d'un axe horizontal, cette butée étant soumise en permanence à l'action d'un ressort de poussée 27, de telle sorte qu'une saillie en forme de bille 28 prévue sur le bras 25 puisse venir émerger dans la gorge 23 lorsque celle-ci ne comporte pas le profilé 1, à l'inverse s'effacer à l'extérieur de cette gorge lorsque le profilé repousse la butée par la face horizontale 3, dans la position illustrée sur la Figure 2.The fixed support 22 also comprises a retractable stop 24 which, in the example schematically illustrated in FIG. 2 comprises an arm 25 articulated around a horizontal axis, this stop being permanently subjected to the action of a spring of thrust 27, so that a ball-shaped projection 28 provided on the arm 25 can come to emerge in the groove 23 when the latter does not include the profile 1, conversely disappear outside of this groove when the profile pushes the stop by the horizontal face 3, in the position illustrated in FIG. 2.

A noter, comme on le précisera plus loin, que si le profilé 1 est retourné sur lui-même de 180° de telle sorte que la face 2 située dans un premier temps à sa partie supérieure sur le dessin et dans laquelle aura été ménagé une ouverture 10 telle que représentée sur la Figure 1, vient se substituer à la face 3, la butée 24 pourra dans ce cas faire émerger la saillie 28 du bras 25 à l'intérieur de cette ouverture 10, en permettant dans ce cas une indexation de la position du profilé vis-à-vis du poinçon et le percement de sa face 3 alors en regard de ce poinçon, pour obtenir la seconde ouverture 11, celle-ci étant réalisée en coïncidence précise avec la position de la première ouverture 10.Note, as will be specified below, that if the profile 1 is turned over on itself by 180 ° so that the face 2 located initially at its upper part in the drawing and in which will have been formed a opening 10 as shown in Figure 1, comes to replace the face 3, the stop 24 may in this case bring out the projection 28 of the arm 25 inside this opening 10, allowing in this case an indexing of the position of the profile vis-à-vis the punch and the piercing of its face 3 then opposite this punch, to obtain the second opening 11, the latter being produced in precise coincidence with the position of the first opening 10.

Les Figures 4 et 5 illustrent de façon plus détaillée le profil du poinçon 16. Celui-ci, de forme générale parallélépipédique, comporte de préférence deux arêtes tranchantes longitudinales, respectivement 29 et 31, qui s'étendent parallèlement à la direction du profilé 1, ces arêtes étant réunies dans la partie inférieure du poinçon par deux zones, respectivement 30 et 32, en arc de cercle, symétriques l'une de l'autre par rapport au plan médian de l'outil et qui se rejoignent pour former une arête centrale 33, parallèle aux arêtes longitudinales 29 et 31, mais qui, par construction, se trouvent à un niveau légèrement inférieur dans le sens vertical à ces dernières, c'est-à-dire fait de façon plus prononcée saillie vers l'extérieur du poinçon sous celui-ci.FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate in more detail the profile of the punch 16. The latter, of generally parallelepiped shape, preferably comprises two longitudinal cutting edges, respectively 29 and 31, which extend parallel to the direction of the profile 1, these edges being joined in the lower part of the punch by two zones, respectively 30 and 32, in an arc of a circle, symmetrical with each other relative to the median plane of the tool and which join to form a central edge 33, parallel to the longitudinal edges 29 and 31, but which, by construction, are at a level slightly lower in the vertical direction to the latter, that is to say made more protruding outward from the punch under this one.

Le poinçon comporte par ailleurs dans sa partie supérieure deux arêtes transversales, respectivement 34 et 35, également tranchantes, ces arêtes étant de préférence inclinées sur le plan horizontal, d'une extrémité à l'autre de celles-ci.The punch also comprises in its upper part two transverse edges, respectively 34 and 35, also sharp, these edges being preferably inclined on the horizontal plane, from one end to the other thereof.

Le poinçon 16 est solidaire du piston 17, ces deux pièces étant de préférence venues de fabrication, par usinage ou fonderie, d'un seul tenant, ou le cas échéant rapportées et fixées l'une à l'autre par tout moyen approprié.The punch 16 is integral with the piston 17, these two parts preferably coming from manufacture, by machining or foundry, in one piece, or if necessary attached and fixed to each other by any suitable means.

La largeur du poinçon 16 correspond par construction à celle des ouvertures 10 ou 11 à réaliser dans le profilé 1, et correspond à celle des petits côtés 14 et 15 de celles-ci. En revanche, la longueur du poinçon est telle qu'elle soit légèrement inférieure à celle des grands côtés 12 et 13 de ces mêmes ouvertures.The width of the punch 16 corresponds by construction to that of the openings 10 or 11 to be produced in the profile 1, and corresponds to that of the short sides 14 and 15 thereof. On the other hand, the length of the punch is such that it is slightly less than that of the long sides 12 and 13 of these same openings.

Le piston 17 présente à son tour une largeur qui correspond à celle du poinçon. Par contre, sa longueur est de nouveau inférieure à celle de ce poinçon, comme l'illustre clairement la Figure 4, la différence des longueurs de ces deux parties de l'outil de poinçonnage étant déterminée de telle sorte que cette différence, ajoutée à la longueur du poinçon de part et d'autre de ses extrémités latérales, conduise à une dimension globale qui correspond à celle des grands côtés 12 et 13 des ouvertures 10 ou 11.The piston 17 in turn has a width which corresponds to that of the punch. On the other hand, its length is again less than that of this punch, as clearly illustrated in Figure 4, the difference in the lengths of these two parts of the punching tool being determined so that this difference, added to the length of the punch on either side of its lateral ends, leads to an overall dimension which corresponds to that of the long sides 12 and 13 of the openings 10 or 11.

Sur la Figure 4, la référence 36 représente le copeau métallique créé dans la surface 2 (ou 3) du profilé 1 par un mouvement de haut en bas du piston 17 et d'enfoncement du poinçon 16 perçant et traversant cette surface, ce copeau se recueillant dans le fond du logement 9, d'où il peut être ultérieurement extrait, grâce notamment à sa légère diminution de largeur vis-à-vis de la distance qui sépare les grands côtés 12 et 13 de l'ébauche de l'ouverture 10 ou 11 réalisée, provoquée par la forme particulière de la face inférieure de ce poinçon et notamment de la disposition relative des arêtes 29 et 31 d'une part, 33 d'autre part, le copeau 36 s'incurvant légèrement sur lui-même lors de sa création et de sa séparation de la tôle métallique dont il provient.In FIG. 4, the reference 36 represents the metal chip created in the surface 2 (or 3) of the profile 1 by an up and down movement of the piston 17 and of driving in the punch 16 piercing and crossing this surface, this chip is collecting in the bottom of the housing 9, from which it can be subsequently extracted, thanks in particular to its slight reduction in width with respect to the distance which separates the long sides 12 and 13 from the blank of the opening 10 or 11 produced, caused by the particular shape of the underside of this punch and in particular of the relative arrangement of the edges 29 and 31 on the one hand, 33 on the other hand, the chip 36 curving slightly on itself during of its creation and its separation from the metal sheet from which it comes.

Le fonctionnement de l'outil de poinçonnage selon l'invention se déduit aisément des explications qui précèdent et notamment des diverses étapes schématiquement illustrées sur les Figures 3a à 3i.The operation of the punching tool according to the invention is easily deduced from the foregoing explanations and in particular from the various steps schematically illustrated in Figures 3a to 3i.

Sur la Figure 3a, le profilé 1 est supposé engagé dans la gorge ouverte du support fixe avec ses faces parallèles opposées, respectivement 2 et 3, disposées dans des plans horizontaux.In Figure 3a, the section 1 is assumed to be engaged in the open groove of the fixed support with its opposite parallel faces, 2 and 3 respectively, arranged in horizontal planes.

Ces faces étant pleines et continues, l'engagement du profilé dans la gorge provoque automatiquement l'effacement de la butée 24 (Figure 2), le levier 25 et la saillie en forme de bille 28 étant repoussée à l'encontre du ressort 27 par le coulissement plan sur plan de la face 3 contre le fond inférieur de cette gorge.Since these faces are full and continuous, the engagement of the profile in the groove automatically causes the abutment 24 to be erased (FIG. 2), the lever 25 and the ball-shaped projection 28 being pushed back against the spring 27 by the plane-to-plane sliding of the face 3 against the bottom of this groove.

Dans cette phase préliminaire, le poinçon 16 porté par le piston 17 est au-dessus du profilé 1, lequel est positionné sous le poinçon 16 au droit de la première ouverture 10 à réaliser dans sa face supérieure 2.In this preliminary phase, the punch 16 carried by the piston 17 is above the profile 1, which is positioned under the punch 16 in line with the first opening 10 to be produced in its upper face 2.

Le poinçon 16 est alors animé d'un mouvement vertical de haut en bas, de manière à venir attaquer la surface 2 du profilé 1 et effectuer dans celle-ci l'ébauche de l'ouverture 10.The punch 16 is then driven in a vertical movement from top to bottom, so as to come to attack the surface 2 of the profile 1 and carry out therein the roughing of the opening 10.

A cet effet, et comme illustré sur la Figure 3b, le poinçon 16 vient traverser la surface supérieure 2, et provoque dans celle-ci l'ébauche d'ouverture précitée, le mouvement de descente du poinçon s'effectuant avantageusement en faisant coulisser les bords d'extrémité de celui-ci entre deux guides latéraux, respectivement 37 et 38, portés par le support fixe 22..To this end, and as illustrated in FIG. 3b, the punch 16 crosses the upper surface 2, and causes therein the abovementioned opening blank, the downward movement of the punch advantageously being effected by sliding the end edges thereof between two lateral guides, respectively 37 and 38, carried by the fixed support 22 ..

Notamment, du fait que la distance qui sépare les voiles verticaux 4 et 5 entretoisant les faces 2 et 3 est égale, à l'épaisseur de ces voiles près, à celle qui délimite les petits côtés 14 et 15 de l'ouverture, ces voiles sont mis à profit pour jouer le rôle de matrice vis-à-vis de la face inférieure du poinçon 16, les arêtes longitudinales 29 et 31 de ce poinçon, coopérant avec les voiles 4 et 5 respectivement à la manière des deux lames d'un ciseau, en produisant une découpe longitudinale parfaitement précise et nette sur toute la longueur du poinçon, de chaque côté de celui-ci.In particular, because the distance which separates the vertical sails 4 and 5 bracing the faces 2 and 3 is equal, apart from the thickness of these sails, to that which delimits the short sides 14 and 15 of the opening, these sails are used to play the role of matrix with respect to the underside of the punch 16, the longitudinal edges 29 and 31 of this punch, cooperating with the webs 4 and 5 respectively in the manner of the two blades of a chisel, producing a perfectly precise and clean longitudinal cut along the entire length of the punch, on each side of it.

En revanche, du fait que les voiles 4 et 5 ne supportent pas directement la partie de la tôle située entre eux, on conçoit que l'enfoncement du poinçon à travers la surface 2, au droit des extrémités de ce poinçon, va créer dans cette tôle, au voisinage mais en avant des petits côtés des fractions ou portions de métal où la tôle sera forcée vers l'intérieur du logement 9 et partiellement recourbée dans celui-ci comme illustré en 39 et 40, sur les Figures 2b et 4 notamment.On the other hand, due to the fact that the webs 4 and 5 do not directly support the part of the sheet located between them, it is conceivable that the insertion of the punch through the surface 2, in line with the ends of this punch, will create in this sheet metal, in the vicinity but in front of the short sides of the fractions or portions of metal where the sheet metal will be forced towards the inside of the housing 9 and partially bent in it as illustrated in 39 and 40, in Figures 2b and 4 in particular.

L'ébauche de l'ouverture 10 ainsi réalisée doit alors être achevée afin de supprimer ces fractions de métal 39 et 40, en donnant en outre à l'ouverture 10 ses dimensions longitudinales finales selon les côtés 12 et 13, en même temps que se forment les petits côtés 14 et 15, ceux-ci devant être parfaitement rectilignes et parfaitement disposés dans le plan de la surface 2. La Figure 3c illustre la position du poinçon 16 en fin de course de descente du piston 17, après chute du copeau 36 réalisé à l'intérieur du logement 9 dans le profilé 1. Le mouvement du poinçon 16 est schématisé sur ces Figures par la flèche 41.The roughing of the opening 10 thus produced must then be completed in order to remove these metal fractions 39 and 40, while also giving the opening 10 its final longitudinal dimensions along the sides 12 and 13, at the same time as form the short sides 14 and 15, these must be perfectly straight and perfectly arranged in the plane of the surface 2. Figure 3c illustrates the position of the punch 16 at the end of the descent stroke of the piston 17, after the chip 36 has fallen produced inside the housing 9 in the profile 1. The movement of the punch 16 is shown diagrammatically in these Figures by the arrow 41.

Dans l'étape suivante, illustrée sur la Figure 3d, le piston 17 maintient le poinçon 16 à l'intérieur du logement 9 dans le profilé 1, celui-ci étant soumis à un effort de déplacement latéral, dans l'exemple illustré vers la gauche du dessin comme schématisé par la flèche 42.In the next step, illustrated in Figure 3d, the piston 17 maintains the punch 16 inside the housing 9 in the profile 1, the latter being subjected to a lateral displacement force, in the example illustrated towards the left of the drawing as shown by arrow 42.

Dans ce cas, la fraction de tôle 40 située à droite de l'ébauche d'ouverture 10 obtenue précédemment, se déplace relativement par rapport au poinçon 16, jusqu'à venir buter contre le côté correspondant 43 du piston 17.In this case, the sheet metal fraction 40 situated to the right of the opening blank 10 obtained previously, moves relatively relative to the punch 16, until it comes to abut against the corresponding side 43 of the piston 17.

A cet instant, le piston 17 et le poinçon 16 sont animés d'un mouvement de retour du bas vers le haut, représenté sur la Figure 3e par la flèche 44, ce mouvement permettant à l'arête supérieure inclinée 34 du poinçon de venir sectionner de façon franche la fraction de tôle 40, l'extrémité inférieure du guide 38 servant de matrice d'appui pour la surface 2, en permettant une coupure franche de la tôle, en une position qui correspond très précisément aux petits côtés 15 de l'ouverture 10 à réaliser.At this instant, the piston 17 and the punch 16 are driven in a return movement from the bottom up, represented in FIG. 3e by the arrow 44, this movement allowing the inclined upper edge 34 of the punch to come to section frankly the sheet metal fraction 40, the lower end of the guide 38 serving as a support matrix for the surface 2, allowing a frank cut of the sheet metal, in a position which corresponds very precisely to the short sides 15 of the opening 10 to be made.

Dans la phase suivante, schématisée sur la Figure 3f, après avoir réintroduit le poinçon 16 dans le logement 7, on déplace à nouveau latéralement le profilé 1 mais cette fois vers la droite selon le sens de la flèche 45, de manière à amener la fraction opposée 39 contre le côté latéral 46 du piston, la remontée de celui-ci permettant, comme précédemment, le sectionnement de cette fraction 39 et la réalisation du petit côté 14, en achevant ainsi l'ouverture 10 désirée.In the next phase, shown diagrammatically in FIG. 3f, after having reintroduced the punch 16 into the housing 7, the profile 1 is again moved laterally but this time to the right in the direction of the arrow 45, so as to bring the fraction opposite 39 against the lateral side 46 of the piston, the rise of the latter allowing, as before, the sectioning of this fraction 39 and the production of the short side 14, thereby completing the desired opening 10.

Dans le cas où le profilé 1 est prévu pour comporter deux ouvertures, respectivement 10 et 11, placées strictement en regard l'une de l'autre dans les faces opposées 2 et 3, il suffit de retourner le profilé de 180° sur lui-même et de l'introduire à nouveau dans la gorge ouverte 23 du support fixe 22, la butée mobile 24 venant alors faire saillie à l'intérieur du logement 9 en traversant l'ouverture 10 sous l'effet de son ressort 27.In the case where the section 1 is designed to have two openings, respectively 10 and 11, placed strictly opposite one another in the opposite faces 2 and 3, it suffices to turn the section 180 ° on itself- even and to introduce it again into the open groove 23 of the fixed support 22, the movable stop 24 then projecting inside the housing 9 through the opening 10 under the effect of its spring 27.

La butée 24 constitue ainsi un point d'ancrage pour le profilé 1, permettant de le positionner exactement en regard du poinçon. Ce dernier peut alors procéder à la réalisation de la seconde ouverture 11, comme illustré sur les Figures 3g, 3h et 3i, qui reprennent respectivement les dispositions déjà décrites à propos de la formation de la première ouverture 10, en relation avec les Figures 3b, 3e et 3f.The stop 24 thus constitutes an anchor point for the profile 1, making it possible to position it exactly opposite the punch. The latter can then carry out the second opening 11, as illustrated in FIGS. 3g, 3h and 3i, which respectively take up the arrangements already described with regard to the formation of the first opening 10, in relation to FIGS. 3b, 3rd and 3f.

Sur la Figure 5, est représentée à plus grande échelle la fraction de tôle 39 sectionnée sur le côté gauche des ouvertures 10 et 11 par le mouvement de retour du poinçon 16.FIG. 5 shows on a larger scale the fraction of sheet metal 39 sectioned on the left side of the openings 10 and 11 by the return movement of the punch 16.

L'outil considéré permet ainsi de réaliser toutes les opérations nécessaires sur un poste de poinçonnage unique, avec une découpe finale à bords réguliers, le copeau initial et les fractions complémentaires de tôle, éliminés respectivement à la descente puis à la remontée du poinçon, pouvant être aisément évacués, soit du fait de leur rétrécissement de largeur, soit de leur retrait vers l'extérieur du profilé.The tool considered thus makes it possible to carry out all the operations necessary on a single punching station, with a final cut with regular edges, the initial chip and the complementary fractions of sheet metal, eliminated respectively on the descent then on the ascent of the punch, being able to be easily evacuated, either due to their narrowing in width, or their withdrawal towards the outside of the profile.

Bien entendu, il va de soi que l'invention ne se limite pas à l'exemple de réalisation plus spécialement décrit et représenté.Of course, it goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the embodiment more specifically described and shown.

Claims (7)

  1. Punching tool for producing, in a tubular metal profiled section (1) of great length with a section closed on itself and exhibiting two opposite parallel faces (2, 3) located horizontally, one and preferably two identical rectangular openings (10, 11), respectively in one and the other of these faces, substantially in the middle of the length of the profiled section, the long sides (12, 13) of these openings extending in the longitudinal direction of the profiled section, which profiled section internally includes at least two parallel webs (4, 5) perpendicular to the opposed faces and parallel to the long sides of the openings whose short sides (14, 15) are substantially equal to the distance which separates these webs, which tool includes a punch (16) of parallelepipedal overall shape, the lower longitudinal cutting edges (29, 31) of which are parallel to the long sides of the openings, the width of the punch (16) being equal to that of the short sides while its length is less than that of the long sides, the punch (16) being secured to an operating piston (17) which can move inside a stationary support (22) exhibiting an open lateral groove (23) for positioning the profiled section under the punch (16) in line with an opening to be produced by the punch pressing vertically downwards into the profiled section through the face to be cut under the effect of the travel of the piston (17), the latter including a lengthwise dimension less than that of the punch (16), which comprises upper transverse edges (34, 35) which are also cutting edges for forming the short sides of the opening in succession following longitudinal travels of the profiled section in the groove (23) until it abuts against the piston (17) prior to the return movement of the latter, returning the punch (16) to the outside of the profiled section.
  2. Punching tool according to Claim 1, characterized in that the cross-section of the punch (16) exhibits, along its short sides, a profile made up of two contiguous substantially inwardly circular arc-shaped regions (32), these regions being symmetrical with each other with respect to the vertical mid-plane of the punch and meeting at a ridge in this plane, in order to form a longitudinal central edge (33) situated in this plane beneath the common level of the two lower lateral edges (30, 31) of the punch.
  3. Punching tool according to one of Claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the upper transverse edges (34) of the punch (16) are inclined to the horizontal plane, so as to section the metal sheet from one end to the other of the short sides (14, 15) of the opening during the return movement of the punch.
  4. Punching tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the stationary support (22) includes two vertical lateral guides (37, 38) separated from one another by the length of the punch (16) along its long sides, against which guides the short sides of this punch slide during its falling and return movements, these guides forming supporting dies when the fractions of sheet metal facing it are cut out on the reascent of the punch.
  5. Punching tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the difference in length between the punch (16) and the piston (17) is equal to the travel of the profiled section (1) in the open groove (23) of the support (22) prior to the reascent movement of the punch.
  6. Punching tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the stationary support (22) comprises, in its open groove (23) taking the profiled section (1), a movable stop piece (24) which can move out of the way when the profiled section is engaged in this groove, it being possible, in contrast, for this stop piece to penetrate a first opening (10) made in one face of the profiled section after the latter has been turned through 180° on itself and one of its horizontal faces (2, 3) has been substituted for the other so as to allow the position of the profiled section to be indexed relative to the first opening (10) and a second opening (11) to be made in the opposite face, situated exactly opposite the first one.
  7. Method for employing a punching tool according to any one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it consists in placing the profiled section in the open groove of the stationary support so that it offers one of its horizontal faces opposite the punch in the raised position, in causing the punch to fall vertically downwards to form the rough cut of the opening in this face, with its long sides parallel to the parallel webs of the profiled section, in laterally shifting the profiled section towards the right or towards the left in a first direction so that the corresponding lateral side of the rough cut of the opening is applied against the piston above the punch, in causing the upward travel of the punch in order to finish cutting the short side of the opening, in again causing a downward travel of the punch, in shifting the profiled section laterally in the opposite direction from the first direction and in again causing the punch to travel upwards to finish off the opening along its opposite short side.
EP19950400309 1994-03-08 1995-02-14 Punching apparatus for metallic profiles Expired - Lifetime EP0672479B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9402664 1994-03-08
FR9402664A FR2717111B1 (en) 1994-03-08 1994-03-08 Punching tool for metal profiles.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0672479A1 EP0672479A1 (en) 1995-09-20
EP0672479B1 true EP0672479B1 (en) 1997-12-10

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19950400309 Expired - Lifetime EP0672479B1 (en) 1994-03-08 1995-02-14 Punching apparatus for metallic profiles

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EP (1) EP0672479B1 (en)
DE (1) DE69501168T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2113157T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2717111B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3026080T3 (en)
MA (1) MA23468A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2174670B1 (en) * 1999-05-13 2004-08-16 Paifer, S.A. STAMP FOR THE MACHINING OF TUBULAR PROFILES HOLES.
GR1003476B (en) * 1999-10-18 2000-12-29 / Fastening of aluminium profile with a press
ITBO20110254A1 (en) * 2011-05-06 2012-11-07 Tecnomec Di Conoscitore Francesco EQUIPMENT FOR THE CREATION OF OPENINGS IN A PROFILE FOR WINDOWS
DE102013103366B4 (en) 2013-04-04 2016-02-18 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Method and device for producing an energy absorption profile for a motor vehicle
CN117226172B (en) * 2023-11-14 2024-02-23 江苏宇马铝业有限公司 Positioning device for aluminum alloy profile cutting

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2365693A1 (en) * 1973-07-23 1976-01-02 Schuermann & Co Heinz Press tool for hollow window frame profiles - has inclined spring loaded support foor different profile cavity sizes
DE8502329U1 (en) * 1985-01-30 1985-05-15 Heine, Franz, 7992 Tettnang Punching device
FR2644202A1 (en) * 1989-03-09 1990-09-14 Rutigliano Richard Machining device for the assembly of aluminium profiles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69501168D1 (en) 1998-01-22
EP0672479A1 (en) 1995-09-20
GR3026080T3 (en) 1998-05-29
ES2113157T3 (en) 1998-04-16
FR2717111B1 (en) 1997-01-17
MA23468A1 (en) 1995-10-01
DE69501168T2 (en) 1998-06-18
FR2717111A1 (en) 1995-09-15

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