EP0668025A1 - Lipid-coated fish feed - Google Patents

Lipid-coated fish feed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0668025A1
EP0668025A1 EP95850039A EP95850039A EP0668025A1 EP 0668025 A1 EP0668025 A1 EP 0668025A1 EP 95850039 A EP95850039 A EP 95850039A EP 95850039 A EP95850039 A EP 95850039A EP 0668025 A1 EP0668025 A1 EP 0668025A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
hydrogenated
fish feed
fat
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP95850039A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Leif Kare Gjerde
Mark Toneby
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EWOS Ltd
Original Assignee
EWOS AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EWOS AB filed Critical EWOS AB
Publication of EP0668025A1 publication Critical patent/EP0668025A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K40/30—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by encapsulating; by coating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
    • A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/174—Vitamins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
    • Y02A40/818—Alternative feeds for fish, e.g. in aquacultures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a fish feed, in particular a fish feed having a high fat content therein.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain a possibility to incorporate fat into a fish feed in an efficient and safe way, and then in particular high amounts of fats.
  • the fish feed used today which has been developed for feeding farmed fish, tends to comprise more and more fat, and the fat contents tends to be 22 to 33 % by weight or even above 40 % in so called high energy feed for feeding salmon and other fish.
  • high energy feed for feeding salmon and other fish.
  • storage problems arise as the fat contents tend to seep out, the feed is "sweatening" fat, and it is not unusual that free fat phase is recovered in the bottom of the sacks into which the feed has been distributed. This means a large quality problem.
  • the fish does not become provided with the amount of fat intended at the feeding, as well as the feeding becomes complicated as the fish feed pellets, the form into which the fish feed is produced, tend not to be free flowing anymore but stick together, which makes the distribution in the automatic feeding machines used for feeding the fish, more difficult
  • the fish feed as such is based on proteins, usually fish meal, fat and carbohydrates, whereby the later are a carrier for the fat phase. Furthermore, vitamins, trace elements, and other suitable feed components, such as pigments, for the pigmentation of e.g. the salmon muscle, are present.
  • vitamins, trace elements, and other suitable feed components such as pigments, for the pigmentation of e.g. the salmon muscle.
  • the feed stuff prepared is provided with a coating consisting of an edible oil, which is liquid at least at 40°C, and comprising a saturated triglyceride and/or a saturated fatty acid thereof, having a melting point above 40°C in an amount of at least 0.05 % by weight of the total fat content of the feed stuff and in an amount which is at least 0.1 % by weight of said coating.
  • the separation of liquid fat can be inhibited with up to 90% or more compared to a feed stuff which has not been coated in the way given, in particular when feed stuffs very rich in fat (>30 % of fat) are intended.
  • edible fat defines every type of oil which is normally incorporated into fish feed, and then in particular fish oil such as menhaden oil, herring oil, cappelin oil, and other oils.
  • saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof is intended hydrogenated rape seed oil, hydrogenated soya bean oil, hydrogenated sun flower oil, hydrogenated olive oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated coco nut oil, glyceryl tristearate, glyceryl tripalmitate, stearic acid, palmitic acid, hydrogenated fish oil, tallow, and lard.
  • saturated triglycerides all have a melting point above 40°C and usually higher, close to 60°C or more.
  • the saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof is added to the fish feed suitably in admixture with the fat which is part of the product, which fat to a substantial part, is added after extrusion or pelleting of the other feed components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements, and optionally other feed stuff components.
  • the saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof is thereby at least 0.1 % by weight of the fat mixture added, suitably 0.9 to 3.6 % by weight of the fish oil which is the edible oil and which is coated onto the pelleted or extruded product.
  • the triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof can be up to 10 % by weight of the oil mixture coated onto the feed and is the coating in accordance with above, and is up to 5 % by weight of the total fat content of the feed stuff.
  • the saturated triglyceride and/or fatty acid thereof is present in solid form at ambient temperature (room temperature) and thereby the fat, in particular the fish oil, into which it is incorporated be heated to 40 to 85°C to admit dissolution of the saturated triglyceride and/or fatty acid thereof, therein.
  • the coating using the fat phase including the triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof should be carried out at an elevated temperature as well, as the viscosity otherwise will become so high that the penetration and absorption of the fat phase by the extrudate or pellets is blocked or reduced.
  • the appearance of the final product is improved as well, by increasing the viscosity of the fat phase in the extrudate or pellets, whereby a better distribution of the fat phase in the feed stuff is obtained.
  • the fish feed extrudate in the form of a pellet was tested in a kg-scale in the laboratory, whereby 5 kg batches where treated using fish oil according to a conventional recipe at 45 to 50°C on the one hand, and using hydrogenated rape seed oil, where the rape seed oil at first had been dissolved by heating to 60°C and then the combined fat phase had been cooled to about 50°C before application on the other hand.
  • pellets and oil were mixed for 2 min in a Walter Brucks granulation pan.
  • the different test products were then packed into polymer bags (195 x 340 mm) having a content of 0.5 kg or 1.5 kg and plastic bags were stored standing at ambient temperature and at 40°C for a desired time period. Then the bags were emptied and weighed (the empty weight had been registered previously), as well as the pellets were pressed against preweighed absorption papers.
  • the amount of fat which had seeped out from the pellets during storage be determined as the sum of the two different values obtained from a weighing of the plastic bags on the one hand, and the weighing of the absorption papers on the other.
  • Preweighed and marked discs of filter paper were placed in Petri dishes. Samples (about 5 g) of pellets were carefully weighed and placed in the centre of the filter paper discs. Samples of pellets were tested in three replicates. The covers were put onto each Petri dish and they were placed for storage at a suitable temperature (room temperature or 40°C). A control Petri dish containing three preweighed filter paper discs was stored as well under the prevailing conditions. The object of the control was to determine loss or absorption of moisture. After storage for 16 or 66 hrs the Petri dishes were removed and the pellets were carefully removed from the filter papers and these are once again weighed carefully.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a fish feed comprising proteins, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and trace elements, whereby the fish feed prepared is provided with a coating consisting of an edible oil, which is liquid at least at 40°C and comprising a saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof, having a melting point of above 40°C in an amount of at least 0.05 % by weight of the total fat content and in an amount which is at least 0.1 % by weight of said coating.

Description

    Technical field
  • The present invention relates to a fish feed, in particular a fish feed having a high fat content therein.
  • The object of the present invention is to obtain a possibility to incorporate fat into a fish feed in an efficient and safe way, and then in particular high amounts of fats.
    • Background of the invention
  • The fish feed used today, which has been developed for feeding farmed fish, tends to comprise more and more fat, and the fat contents tends to be 22 to 33 % by weight or even above 40 % in so called high energy feed for feeding salmon and other fish. By incorporation of such a high amount of fat, however, storage problems arise as the fat contents tend to seep out, the feed is "sweatening" fat, and it is not unusual that free fat phase is recovered in the bottom of the sacks into which the feed has been distributed. This means a large quality problem. Further, it means that the fish does not become provided with the amount of fat intended at the feeding, as well as the feeding becomes complicated as the fish feed pellets, the form into which the fish feed is produced, tend not to be free flowing anymore but stick together, which makes the distribution in the automatic feeding machines used for feeding the fish, more difficult
  • The fish feed as such is based on proteins, usually fish meal, fat and carbohydrates, whereby the later are a carrier for the fat phase. Furthermore, vitamins, trace elements, and other suitable feed components, such as pigments, for the pigmentation of e.g. the salmon muscle, are present. By increasing the fat content the ingoing part of carbohydrates, which is normally decreased at the expense of the fat content, does not manage to bind the fat content in a sufficient amount, and thereby follows a risk for separation of the liquid fat phase, which normally consists of a fish oil, from the carbohydrates, in particular at higher temperatures such as during spring, summer and autumn.
  • There is thus a demand from the manufacturer of fish feed to be able to eliminate the separation of liquid fat phase from the fish feed.
    • Description of the present invention
  • It has now surprisingly been shown possible to be able to solve this problem by means of the present invention which is characterized in that the feed stuff prepared is provided with a coating consisting of an edible oil, which is liquid at least at 40°C, and comprising a saturated triglyceride and/or a saturated fatty acid thereof, having a melting point above 40°C in an amount of at least 0.05 % by weight of the total fat content of the feed stuff and in an amount which is at least 0.1 % by weight of said coating.
  • By means of the present invention the separation of liquid fat can be inhibited with up to 90% or more compared to a feed stuff which has not been coated in the way given, in particular when feed stuffs very rich in fat (>30 % of fat) are intended.
  • The term edible fat defines every type of oil which is normally incorporated into fish feed, and then in particular fish oil such as menhaden oil, herring oil, cappelin oil, and other oils.
  • With saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof, is intended hydrogenated rape seed oil, hydrogenated soya bean oil, hydrogenated sun flower oil, hydrogenated olive oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated coco nut oil, glyceryl tristearate, glyceryl tripalmitate, stearic acid, palmitic acid, hydrogenated fish oil, tallow, and lard. These saturated triglycerides all have a melting point above 40°C and usually higher, close to 60°C or more.
  • The saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof is added to the fish feed suitably in admixture with the fat which is part of the product, which fat to a substantial part, is added after extrusion or pelleting of the other feed components, such as proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, trace elements, and optionally other feed stuff components. The saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof is thereby at least 0.1 % by weight of the fat mixture added, suitably 0.9 to 3.6 % by weight of the fish oil which is the edible oil and which is coated onto the pelleted or extruded product. The triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof can be up to 10 % by weight of the oil mixture coated onto the feed and is the coating in accordance with above, and is up to 5 % by weight of the total fat content of the feed stuff.
  • The saturated triglyceride and/or fatty acid thereof, is present in solid form at ambient temperature (room temperature) and thereby the fat, in particular the fish oil, into which it is incorporated be heated to 40 to 85°C to admit dissolution of the saturated triglyceride and/or fatty acid thereof, therein. The coating using the fat phase including the triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof, should be carried out at an elevated temperature as well, as the viscosity otherwise will become so high that the penetration and absorption of the fat phase by the extrudate or pellets is blocked or reduced. The appearance of the final product is improved as well, by increasing the viscosity of the fat phase in the extrudate or pellets, whereby a better distribution of the fat phase in the feed stuff is obtained.
  • The invention will now be described more in detail with reference to some different tests made to investigate the efficiency of the treatment according to the invention.
  • The fish feed extrudate in the form of a pellet was tested in a kg-scale in the laboratory, whereby 5 kg batches where treated using fish oil according to a conventional recipe at 45 to 50°C on the one hand, and using hydrogenated rape seed oil, where the rape seed oil at first had been dissolved by heating to 60°C and then the combined fat phase had been cooled to about 50°C before application on the other hand.
  • Application of the pellets was done immediately after extrusion whereby pellets and oil were mixed for 2 min in a Walter Brucks granulation pan.
  • The different test products were then packed into polymer bags (195 x 340 mm) having a content of 0.5 kg or 1.5 kg and plastic bags were stored standing at ambient temperature and at 40°C for a desired time period. Then the bags were emptied and weighed (the empty weight had been registered previously), as well as the pellets were pressed against preweighed absorption papers. Hereby the amount of fat which had seeped out from the pellets during storage be determined as the sum of the two different values obtained from a weighing of the plastic bags on the one hand, and the weighing of the absorption papers on the other.
  • In another test the separation of the liquid fat phase from pellets was accelerated by placing pellets onto absorption papers, store these for a short time period, and then determine the amount of oil which had been freed.
  • Preweighed and marked discs of filter paper (x3) were placed in Petri dishes. Samples (about 5 g) of pellets were carefully weighed and placed in the centre of the filter paper discs. Samples of pellets were tested in three replicates. The covers were put onto each Petri dish and they were placed for storage at a suitable temperature (room temperature or 40°C). A control Petri dish containing three preweighed filter paper discs was stored as well under the prevailing conditions. The object of the control was to determine loss or absorption of moisture. After storage for 16 or 66 hrs the Petri dishes were removed and the pellets were carefully removed from the filter papers and these are once again weighed carefully.
    Figure imgb0001
    Figure imgb0002
  • As evident from the above a very apparent reduction of the "sweatening" from the feed stuff is obtained when it is treated with a mixture of lipids containing a saturated triglyceride, in this case consisting of hydrogenated rape seed oil.

Claims (7)

  1. Fish feed comprising proteins, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins, and trace elements, characterized in that the fish feed prepared is provided with a coating consisting of an edible oil, which is liquid at least at 40°C and comprising a saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof, having a melting point of above 40°C in an amount of at least 0.05 % by weight of the total fat content and in an amount which is at least 0.1 % by weight of said coating.
  2. Fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that hydrogenated rape seed oil, hydrogenated soya bean oil, hydrogenated sun flower oil, hydrogenated olive oil, hydrogenated palm oil, hydrogenated coco nut oil, glyceryl tristearate, glyceryl tripalmitate, stearic acid, palmitic acid, hydrogenated fish oil, tallow, and/or lard is used as saturated triglyceride and/or fatty acid thereof.
  3. Fish feed according to claim 1-2, characterized in that the saturated triglyceride and/or saturated fatty acid thereof is up to 10 % by weight of the oil mixture applied.
  4. Fish feed according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the saturated triglyceride is hydrogenated rape seed oil.
  5. Fish feed according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the rape seed oil is 0.9 to 3.6 % by weight of the oil mixture applied.
  6. Fish feed according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the fat contents is 22 to 45 % by weight of the final feed stuff.
  7. Fish feed according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rape seed oil is dissolved into the rest of the fat of the feed stuff.
EP95850039A 1994-02-21 1995-02-17 Lipid-coated fish feed Withdrawn EP0668025A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE9400584 1994-02-21
SE9400584A SE9400584D0 (en) 1994-02-21 1994-02-21 fish feed

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0668025A1 true EP0668025A1 (en) 1995-08-23

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EP95850039A Withdrawn EP0668025A1 (en) 1994-02-21 1995-02-17 Lipid-coated fish feed

Country Status (8)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0668025A1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0838066A (en)
KR (1) KR950030831A (en)
AU (1) AU1163595A (en)
CA (1) CA2142953A1 (en)
FI (1) FI950501A (en)
NO (1) NO950621L (en)
SE (1) SE9400584D0 (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2324701A (en) * 1997-05-01 1998-11-04 Ewos Ltd Preparation of high oil content fish feed pellets
WO2004080201A1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-23 Biomar Group A/S Fish feed pellets and method for makins said pellets
WO2020007965A1 (en) 2018-07-05 2020-01-09 Cargill, Incorporated Animal feed composition
CN112741229A (en) * 2021-01-18 2021-05-04 中国海洋大学 Feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juvenile fish and processing technology thereof
WO2021194408A1 (en) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-30 Aak Ab (Publ) Oil binding ingredient for an animal feed composition
WO2022108768A1 (en) * 2020-11-23 2022-05-27 Cargill, Incorporated Animal feed composition

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100856456B1 (en) * 2007-07-27 2008-09-04 주식회사 일신웰스 Feed additive composition for immunopotentiating and stock feed comprising the same
CA2765887C (en) 2009-06-24 2018-08-07 Land O'lakes Purina Feed Llc High fat feed particles
JP6241987B2 (en) 2013-03-21 2017-12-06 国立大学法人東京海洋大学 Method for increasing intramuscular lipid content of domestic fish and feed therefor

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0284143A1 (en) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-28 Unilever N.V. Animal feed
GB2249466A (en) * 1990-11-08 1992-05-13 Ajinomoto Kk Feed for aquatic farming and process for preparing the same
JPH04334317A (en) * 1991-05-08 1992-11-20 Riken Vitamin Co Ltd Stabilized spherical granule and its production

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0284143A1 (en) * 1987-03-13 1988-09-28 Unilever N.V. Animal feed
GB2249466A (en) * 1990-11-08 1992-05-13 Ajinomoto Kk Feed for aquatic farming and process for preparing the same
JPH04334317A (en) * 1991-05-08 1992-11-20 Riken Vitamin Co Ltd Stabilized spherical granule and its production

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
DATABASE WPI Week 0193, Derwent World Patents Index; AN 93-005495 *

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2324701A (en) * 1997-05-01 1998-11-04 Ewos Ltd Preparation of high oil content fish feed pellets
WO1998049904A2 (en) * 1997-05-01 1998-11-12 Ewos Limited Method for preparing high oil content fish feed pellets
WO1998049904A3 (en) * 1997-05-01 1999-02-11 Ewos Ltd Method for preparing high oil content fish feed pellets
GB2324701B (en) * 1997-05-01 2001-05-16 Ewos Ltd Method for preparing high oil content fish feed pellets
WO2004080201A1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2004-09-23 Biomar Group A/S Fish feed pellets and method for makins said pellets
NO335068B1 (en) * 2003-03-10 2014-09-01 Biomar Group Fishing pellets and methods for producing said pellets
WO2020007965A1 (en) 2018-07-05 2020-01-09 Cargill, Incorporated Animal feed composition
WO2021194408A1 (en) * 2020-03-27 2021-09-30 Aak Ab (Publ) Oil binding ingredient for an animal feed composition
WO2022108768A1 (en) * 2020-11-23 2022-05-27 Cargill, Incorporated Animal feed composition
WO2022108759A1 (en) * 2020-11-23 2022-05-27 Cargill, Incorporated Animal feed composition
CN112741229A (en) * 2021-01-18 2021-05-04 中国海洋大学 Feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juvenile fish and processing technology thereof
CN112741229B (en) * 2021-01-18 2022-07-08 中国海洋大学 Feed for pseudosciaena crocea larvae and juvenile fish and processing technology thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI950501A (en) 1996-08-04
CA2142953A1 (en) 1995-08-22
KR950030831A (en) 1995-12-18
JPH0838066A (en) 1996-02-13
NO950621L (en) 1995-08-22
AU1163595A (en) 1995-08-31
FI950501A0 (en) 1995-02-03
SE9400584D0 (en) 1994-02-21
NO950621D0 (en) 1995-02-20

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