EP0660040A1 - Burner head for burner with low pollutants emission and boiler provided with such a burner - Google Patents

Burner head for burner with low pollutants emission and boiler provided with such a burner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0660040A1
EP0660040A1 EP94402948A EP94402948A EP0660040A1 EP 0660040 A1 EP0660040 A1 EP 0660040A1 EP 94402948 A EP94402948 A EP 94402948A EP 94402948 A EP94402948 A EP 94402948A EP 0660040 A1 EP0660040 A1 EP 0660040A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
rod
combustion head
tubular surface
head according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP94402948A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Dominique Walter
Anne-Béatrice Pernaud
Dominique Teillay
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
Original Assignee
Gaz de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz de France SA filed Critical Gaz de France SA
Publication of EP0660040A1 publication Critical patent/EP0660040A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/22—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating
    • F24H1/40—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes
    • F24H1/43—Water heaters other than continuous-flow or water-storage heaters, e.g. water heaters for central heating with water tube or tubes helically or spirally coiled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/48—Nozzles
    • F23D14/58—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration
    • F23D14/583—Nozzles characterised by the shape or arrangement of the outlet or outlets from the nozzle, e.g. of annular configuration of elongated shape, e.g. slits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/74—Preventing flame lift-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/72—Safety devices, e.g. operative in case of failure of gas supply
    • F23D14/78—Cooling burner parts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a combustion head for a burner, in particular for a gas burner supplied with combustible gas and combustion air.
  • an additional characteristic of the invention provides that the coiled rod defining the tubular surface in question will then be hollow, so as to constitute a clean tube to be connected, at one end, to a supply of “cooling” fluid for the flames (such as water) and, at the opposite end, to a discharge of said fluid.
  • the rod of this combustion head will advantageously be wound in a helix along the axis of the tubular surface which it defines.
  • this tubular surface will advantageously contain an inner sieve itself tubular, of parallel axis. to that of said surface, the mixture to be ignited passing through this sieve, which may in particular have a conical shape with close meshes.
  • the invention also relates to a compact boiler comprising a heat exchange chamber in which winds a line suitable for conveying a fluid to be heated (such as water) and in which is disposed the burner in question, this burner being able to be very particularly housed in the middle of the pipe coils, for example substantially along the axis of such a pipe wound substantially helically in said chamber.
  • a fluid to be heated such as water
  • a burner has been identified in its entirety 1, in this case a gas burner of the blown air type, with total premix and with blue flame (to differentiate it from radiant burners).
  • the burner 1 comprises a combustion head 3 comprising a rod 5 wound here in a helix with a longitudinal axis 7 to define a tubular surface 9, of constant diameter D.
  • 5a and 5b represent the two opposite winding ends of the rod 5.
  • the helical winding 3 is closed by a solid cap 11 welded, while at its lower end (known as INF), the propeller is fixedly connected to an annular base 13 itself fixed to a box of distribution 15 with which it communicates, so that a suitable gas mixture can penetrate axially inside the propeller 3.
  • the gas distribution box 15 On the side of its upstream end 15a, the gas distribution box 15 is in fluid communication with a fan 17 allowing the supply of blown air, as well as with a fuel gas supply line 19, the arrows 21 and 23 representing respectively the combustible gas and the air directed to the distribution box or mixing chamber 15.
  • an ignition electrode 29 disposed nearby, outside of this propeller, substantially parallel to its axis 7, has been provided, as in the present case that an electrode ionization 31 capable of detecting the absence or presence of flames, the two electrodes 29, 31 being of course connected to an appropriate electrical supply.
  • the mixture leaving through the spaces between the turns will it be able to be ignited, so that the flames are distributed peripherally, outside the tubular surface defined by the propeller 3, while being attached to it .
  • the space or internal volume 33 of the latter (see FIG. 2) will preferably contain a tubular screen 35, for example metallic, advantageously with tight meshes and arranged substantially along axis 7.
  • This tubular screen may extend over substantially the entire length of the combustion head 3.
  • It may in particular have a conical or frustoconical shape and be made of stainless steel.
  • the rod 5 it can be made of refractory material.
  • a metallic hollow rod capable of forming, as in the example in FIG. 2, a tube 5 ′ in a helix whose opposite ends 5 ′ a and 5 ′ b will then be suitable for being connected respectively to a supply and to an evacuation of heat-transfer fluid, such as water, the fluid thus being able (in a preferred embodiment) to enter the propeller 3 through its base closest to the distribution chamber 15, via the intake pipe 34, and exit at the top of the propeller to be recycled via a return section 36 parallel to the axis 7.
  • heat-transfer fluid such as water
  • the rod (5 or 5 ') may have qualities of spring (stainless steel for example) in order to promote the operating conditions of the burner and its modulation, the burner then being equipped with means for bringing together or separating the turns suitable for varying the pitch of these turns, that is to say the passage section of the space in a helix 25.
  • these approximation or spacing means 37, 39, 41, 42 may consist of a metal rod 37 screwed axially in the chamber 15 in a thread 38 and axially passing through the head 3 over the entire length, to end with a tip 39 of reduced diameter passing through an axial opening 41 of the cap 11 and associated with a washer 42 fixed on it to allow acting on the cap (in compression of the turns), the tip comprising for this purpose a slot 44 for a screwdriver.
  • the burner of FIG. 2 can be made from a tube diameter 5 ′ of the order of 6 mm (internal diameter of approximately 4 mm), this tube being rolled up to constitute a propeller of approximately 40 mm of outside diameter ( D ), and this with a length at rest along the axis 7 (contiguous turns) of approximately 160 mm, the material used being stainless steel.
  • Such a burner can have an operating range of at least about 11 to 30 kW, i.e. a power modulation of 3: 1 (surface power: of the order of 450 to 1,350 kW / m2).
  • the burner is installed inside the heat exchange chamber, or combustion chamber, 43 of a boiler 45.
  • the fluid to be heated arrives via a line 47 and leaves in a line 49 after passing inside the chamber 43, essentially along a coil 51 consisting of a helical winding d 'vertical axis.
  • the burner 1 Inside the chamber 43, and more particularly coaxially with the propeller 51 thus formed, is arranged the burner 1, the bypass connections 34 and 36 of the helical tube are connected in parallel, respectively on the supply conduits 47 and discharge 49, of larger diameter.
  • FIG. 4 the combustion head of a burner 1 ′ has been shown, the rod or tube 55 of which constitutes its tubular flame catching surface, here has a configuration wound with meanders having rectilinear sections 57, with axis 59 parallel to that of the defined tubular surface 60, two successive parallel meanders being joined at one or the other of the axial ends of the surface by elbows 61, so that the tube 55 thus has a series of successive zigzags, until the tube closes on itself to form the desired tubular surface of axis 59.
  • flames such as 63 may then develop along the axial slots 65 separating two successive rectilinear zones 57.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)

Abstract

Burner head for a burner, comprising a rod or a tube (5) wound to define an internally hollow tubular surface (3, 9) having passages (25) arranged between two successive windings, the said surface being closed at one axial end (11) and open at the other (13), in order to communicate with means (17, 19) for supplying an inflammable mixture; and ignition means (29) for igniting the mixture emerging via the said passages (25), in such a way that the flames are held along at least a part of the tubular surface. Favoured application to a water-cooled gas burner which can equip a boiler. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention se rapporte à une tête de combustion pour brûleur, en particulier pour brûleur à gaz alimenté en gaz combustible et en air comburant.The invention relates to a combustion head for a burner, in particular for a gas burner supplied with combustible gas and combustion air.

On connaît déjà bien entendu de très nombreux types de brûleurs, notamment à gaz.Many types of burners, of course gas, are already known.

En particulier pour des brûleurs de chaudière propres à chauffer un circuit d'eau, ou des fluides caloporteurs, par échanges thermiques indirects entre les fumées de combustion et lesdits fluides caloporteurs, il est apparu utile de proposer, compte-tenu des brûleurs existants sur le marché, un brûleur perfectionné qui soit compact, qui présente une surface de flammes relativement étendue et bien répartie et qui soit également d'un coût de fabrication réduit.In particular for boiler burners capable of heating a water circuit, or heat transfer fluids, by indirect heat exchanges between the combustion fumes and said heat transfer fluids, it appeared useful to propose, taking into account the existing burners on the market, an improved burner which is compact, which has a relatively large and well distributed flame surface and which is also of reduced manufacturing cost.

A titre d'exemple, pour un brûleur d'une puissance de l'ordre de 25 à 35 kW, il a été demandé aux inventeurs si un brûleur performant très compact pouvait être utilisé et logé avec un serpentin échangeur de chaleur dans le volume de chauffe d'une chaudière compris entre environ 3 et 12 dm³.For example, for a burner with a power of the order of 25 to 35 kW, the inventors were asked whether a very compact high-performance burner could be used and housed with a heat exchanger coil in the volume of heating of a boiler between approximately 3 and 12 dm³.

Pour satisfaire ces exigences, la solution de l'invention consiste à proposer une tête de combustion qui se caractérise en particulier en ce qu'elle comprend :

  • une tige enroulée pour définir une surface tubulaire intérieurement creuse ayant un axe et présentant des passages ménagés entre deux enroulements successifs de la tige, cette surface tubulaire étant fermée à une première extrémité axiale et ouverte à une seconde extrémité axiale opposée pour communiquer avec des moyens d'alimentation en mélange inflammable,
  • et des moyens d'allumage disposés à l'extérieur de ladite surface tubulaire, pour enflammer le mélange sortant par lesdits passages, de telle sorte que les flammes s'accrochent le long d'une partie au moins de cette surface tubulaire.
To meet these requirements, the solution of the invention consists in proposing a combustion head which is characterized in particular in that it comprises:
  • a rod wound to define an internally hollow tubular surface having an axis and having passages formed between two successive windings of the rod, this tubular surface being closed at a first axial end and open at a second opposite axial end for communicating with means of '' supply of flammable mixture,
  • and ignition means arranged outside said tubular surface, for igniting the mixture leaving through said passages, so that the flames catch along at least a part of this tubular surface.

Tout particulièrement pour réduire en outre le taux de gaz polluants émis, et notamment l'oxyde de carbone et les oxydes d'azote, une caractéristique complémentaire de l'invention prévoit que la tige enroulée définissant la surface tubulaire en question sera alors creuse, de manière à constituer un tube propre à être relié, à une extrémité, à une alimentation en fluide "de refroidissement" des flammes (tel que de l'eau) et, à l'extrémité opposée, à une évacuation dudit fluide.Quite particularly to further reduce the rate of polluting gases emitted, and in particular carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides, an additional characteristic of the invention provides that the coiled rod defining the tubular surface in question will then be hollow, so as to constitute a clean tube to be connected, at one end, to a supply of “cooling” fluid for the flames (such as water) and, at the opposite end, to a discharge of said fluid.

Selon une caractéristique complémentaire de l'invention, la tige de cette tête de combustion sera avantageusement enroulée en hélice suivant l'axe de la surface tubulaire qu'elle définit.According to a complementary characteristic of the invention, the rod of this combustion head will advantageously be wound in a helix along the axis of the tubular surface which it defines.

Par ailleurs, pour obtenir une plage de fonctionnement étendue dans de bonnes conditions de combustion, une autre caractéristique de l'invention prévoit que :

  • ladite tige pourra présenter des qualités de ressort, et
  • la tête de combustion pourra en outre comprendre des moyens de rapprochement ou d'écartement des enroulements de la tige, pour faire varier la section des passages réservés au mélange à brûler.
Furthermore, to obtain an extended operating range under good combustion conditions, another characteristic of the invention provides that:
  • said rod may have spring qualities, and
  • the combustion head may also include means for bringing the rod windings together or apart, so as to vary the section of the passages reserved for the mixture to be burned.

D'autre part, dans le but en particulier de favoriser une bonne répartition de flammes sur au moins l'essentiel de la surface tubulaire définie par la tige enroulée, cette surface tubulaire renfermera avantageusement un tamis intérieur lui-même tubulaire, d'axe parallèle à celui de ladite surface, le mélange à enflammer traversant ce tamis, lequel pourra en particulier présenter une forme conique à mailles serrées.On the other hand, with the aim in particular of promoting a good distribution of flames over at least most of the tubular surface defined by the wound rod, this tubular surface will advantageously contain an inner sieve itself tubular, of parallel axis. to that of said surface, the mixture to be ignited passing through this sieve, which may in particular have a conical shape with close meshes.

Outre la tête de combustion perfectionnée présentée et son brûleur associé, l'invention se rapporte également à une chaudière compacte comprenant une chambre d'échanges thermiques dans laquelle serpente une conduite propre à véhiculer un fluide à chauffer (tel que de l'eau) et dans laquelle est disposé le brûleur en question, ce brûleur pouvant tout particulièrement être logé au milieu des serpentins de la conduite, par exemple sensiblement suivant l'axe d'une telle conduite enroulée sensiblement en hélice dans ladite chambre.In addition to the improved combustion head presented and its associated burner, the invention also relates to a compact boiler comprising a heat exchange chamber in which winds a line suitable for conveying a fluid to be heated (such as water) and in which is disposed the burner in question, this burner being able to be very particularly housed in the middle of the pipe coils, for example substantially along the axis of such a pipe wound substantially helically in said chamber.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore de la description ci-dessous faite en référence aux dessins dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 est une vue générale d'un brûleur conforme à l'invention,
  • la figure 2 est une vue agrandie d'un brûleur comparable à celui de la figure 1 avec une vue partiellement en arrachée,
  • la figure 3 est une vue du brûleur de la figure 2 installé dans une chaudière,
  • et la figure 4 montre une variante de réalisation de la tête de combustion.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear from the description below made with reference to the drawings in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a general view of a burner according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a burner comparable to that of FIG. 1 with a partially broken away view,
  • FIG. 3 is a view of the burner of FIG. 2 installed in a boiler,
  • and Figure 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the combustion head.

Sur la figure 1 tout d'abord, on a représenté un brûleur repéré dans son ensemble 1, en l'espèce un brûleur à gaz du type à air soufflé, à prémélange total et à flamme bleue (pour le différencier des brûleurs radiants).In FIG. 1 first of all, a burner has been identified in its entirety 1, in this case a gas burner of the blown air type, with total premix and with blue flame (to differentiate it from radiant burners).

Le brûleur 1 comporte une tête de combustion 3 comprenant une tige 5 enroulée ici suivant une hélice d'axe longitudinal 7 pour définir une surface tubulaire 9, de diamètre constant D.The burner 1 comprises a combustion head 3 comprising a rod 5 wound here in a helix with a longitudinal axis 7 to define a tubular surface 9, of constant diameter D.

Sur cette même figure, 5a et 5b représentent les deux extrémités opposées d'enroulement de la tige 5.In this same figure, 5a and 5b represent the two opposite winding ends of the rod 5.

A son extrémité supérieure, l'enroulement hélicoïdal 3 est fermé par une calotte pleine 11 soudée, tandis qu'à son extrémité inférieure (répérée INF), l'hélice est raccordée fixement à un socle annulaire 13 lui-même fixé à une boîte de répartition 15 avec laquelle il communique, de telle sorte qu'un mélange gazeux approprié puisse pénétrer axialement à l'intérieur de l'hélice 3.At its upper end, the helical winding 3 is closed by a solid cap 11 welded, while at its lower end (known as INF), the propeller is fixedly connected to an annular base 13 itself fixed to a box of distribution 15 with which it communicates, so that a suitable gas mixture can penetrate axially inside the propeller 3.

Du côté de son extrémité amont 15a, la boîte de répartition gazeuse 15 est en communication fluide avec un ventilateur 17 permettant l'alimentation en air soufflé, ainsi qu'avec une conduite d'alimentation en gaz combustible 19, les flèches 21 et 23 représentant respectivement le gaz combustible et l'air dirigés vers la boîte de répartition ou chambre de mélange 15.On the side of its upstream end 15a, the gas distribution box 15 is in fluid communication with a fan 17 allowing the supply of blown air, as well as with a fuel gas supply line 19, the arrows 21 and 23 representing respectively the combustible gas and the air directed to the distribution box or mixing chamber 15.

En pratique, pour assurer le fonctionnement du brûleur 1, les spires de l'hélice 3 ne seront pas jointives, de telle sorte que le mélange gazeux qui pénètrera à l'intérieur de cette hélice puisse en sortir par les passages interspires tels que 25, comme l'indique la flèche 27 de la figure 1.In practice, to ensure the operation of the burner 1, the turns of the propeller 3 will not be contiguous, so that the gaseous mixture which will penetrate inside this propeller can exit therefrom the interspire passages such as 25, as shown by arrow 27 in Figure 1.

Pour enflammer le mélange gazeux sortant de l'hélice, une électrode d'allumage 29 disposée à proximité, à l'extérieur de cette hélice, sensiblement parallèlement à son axe 7, a été prévue, de même en l'espèce qu'une électrode d'ionisation 31 apte à détecter l'absence ou la présence de flammes, les deux électrodes 29, 31 étant bien entendu raccordées à une alimentation électrique appropriée.To ignite the gas mixture leaving the propeller, an ignition electrode 29 disposed nearby, outside of this propeller, substantially parallel to its axis 7, has been provided, as in the present case that an electrode ionization 31 capable of detecting the absence or presence of flames, the two electrodes 29, 31 being of course connected to an appropriate electrical supply.

Ainsi, le mélange sortant par les espaces entre les spires va t-il pouvoir être enflammé, de telle sorte que les flammes se répartissent périphériquement, à l'extérieur de la surface tubulaire définie par l'hélice 3, en s'y trouvant accrochées.Thus, the mixture leaving through the spaces between the turns will it be able to be ignited, so that the flames are distributed peripherally, outside the tubular surface defined by the propeller 3, while being attached to it .

En particulier pour favoriser une bonne répartition des flammes tout le long de l'hélice, l'espace ou volume intérieur 33 de cette dernière (voir figure 2) renfermera de préférence un tamis tubulaire 35, par exemple métallique, avantageusement à mailles serrées et disposé sensiblement suivant l'axe 7.In particular to promote a good distribution of the flames all along the propeller, the space or internal volume 33 of the latter (see FIG. 2) will preferably contain a tubular screen 35, for example metallic, advantageously with tight meshes and arranged substantially along axis 7.

Ce tamis tubulaire pourra s'étendre sur sensiblement toute la longueur de la tête de combustion 3.This tubular screen may extend over substantially the entire length of the combustion head 3.

Il pourra en particulier présenter une forme conique ou tronconique et être réalisé en acier inoxydable.It may in particular have a conical or frustoconical shape and be made of stainless steel.

Quant à la tige 5, elle pourra être fabriquée en matériau réfractaire.As for the rod 5, it can be made of refractory material.

Toutefois, en particulier pour limiter les émissions nocives de polluants, on pourra préférer utiliser une tige creuse métallique propre à former, comme dans l'exemple de la figure 2, un tube 5' en hélice dont les extrémités opposées 5'a et 5'b seront alors propres à être reliées respectivement à une alimentation et à une évacuation en fluide caloporteur, tel que de l'eau, le fluide pouvant ainsi (dans une réalisation préférée) entrer dans l'hélice 3 par sa base la plus proche de la chambre de distribution 15, via la conduite d'admission 34, et sortir au sommet de l'hélice pour être recyclé via un tronçon de retour 36 parallèle à l'axe 7.However, in particular to limit harmful emissions of pollutants, it may be preferable to use a metallic hollow rod capable of forming, as in the example in FIG. 2, a tube 5 ′ in a helix whose opposite ends 5 ′ a and 5 ′ b will then be suitable for being connected respectively to a supply and to an evacuation of heat-transfer fluid, such as water, the fluid thus being able (in a preferred embodiment) to enter the propeller 3 through its base closest to the distribution chamber 15, via the intake pipe 34, and exit at the top of the propeller to be recycled via a return section 36 parallel to the axis 7.

Quel que soit le cas de figure choisi, la tige (5 ou 5') pourra présenter des qualités de ressort (acier inoxydable par exemple) dans le but de favoriser les conditions de fonctionnement du brûleur et sa modulation, le brûleur étant alors équipé de moyens de rapprochement ou d'écartement des spires propres à faire varier le pas de ces spires, c'est-à-dire la section de passage de l'espace en hélice 25.Whatever the chosen case, the rod (5 or 5 ') may have qualities of spring (stainless steel for example) in order to promote the operating conditions of the burner and its modulation, the burner then being equipped with means for bringing together or separating the turns suitable for varying the pitch of these turns, that is to say the passage section of the space in a helix 25.

Par exemple, ces moyens de rapprochement ou d'écartement 37, 39, 41, 42 pourront consister en une tige de métal 37 vissée axialement dans la chambre 15 suivant un pas de vis 38 et traversant axialement la tête 3 sur toute la longueur, pour se terminer par un embout 39 de diamètre réduit traversant une ouverture axiale 41 de la calotte 11 et associé à une rondelle 42 fixée sur lui pour permettre d'agir sur la calotte (en compression des spires), l'embout comportant à cet effet une fente 44 pour un tournevis.For example, these approximation or spacing means 37, 39, 41, 42 may consist of a metal rod 37 screwed axially in the chamber 15 in a thread 38 and axially passing through the head 3 over the entire length, to end with a tip 39 of reduced diameter passing through an axial opening 41 of the cap 11 and associated with a washer 42 fixed on it to allow acting on the cap (in compression of the turns), the tip comprising for this purpose a slot 44 for a screwdriver.

Il a été remarqué que l'association de ces moyens de réglage et du tamis 35 favorise l'obtention d'un front de flammes particulièrement correct et donc améliore les conditions de répartition des flammes sur toute la périphérie du boudin hélicoïdal, probablement par effet de stabilisation des vitesses du mélange air/gaz, malgré les irrégularités souvent constatées dans les vitesses en sortie du ventilateur centrifuge 17.It has been noted that the combination of these adjustment means and the screen 35 promotes the obtaining of a particularly correct flame front and therefore improves the conditions for distributing the flames over the entire periphery of the helical coil, probably by stabilization of the air / gas mixture speeds, despite the irregularities often observed in the speeds at the outlet of the centrifugal fan 17.

Quant à la circulation du fluide caloporteur, et en particulier d'eau, à travers le tube 5', il a été constaté qu'elle permet d'abaisser fortement les émissions de polluants. A ce sujet, il a été noté que, quels que soient la puissance et le facteur d'air, le brûleur de l'invention n'émettait alors pratiquement pas d'oxyde de carbone. Quant aux oxydes d'azote, pour des facteurs d'air de l'ordre de 1,25 à 1,3 (réglage fréquent sur des brûleurs à air soufflé et à flammes bleues), les résultats obtenus ont montré des valeurs extrêmement faibles, aux alentours de 20 mg/kWh.As for the circulation of the heat transfer fluid, and in particular of water, through the tube 5 ′, it has been found that it makes it possible to greatly reduce the emissions of pollutants. In this regard, it was noted that, whatever the power and the air factor, the burner of the invention then emitted practically no carbon monoxide. As for nitrogen oxides, for air factors of the order of 1.25 to 1.3 (frequent adjustment on air burners and with blue flames), the results obtained showed extremely low values, around 20 mg / kWh.

Sur pratiquement tous les brûleurs à prémélange à flammes laminaires, la formation d'oxyde d'azote thermique est prépondérante. En l'espèce, une circulation d'eau dans le serpentin 3 a permis d'abaisser la température de flamme d'environ 200°C. Si la température du fluide de refroidissement passant dans le tube paraît avoir une importance non négligeable, la valeur du débit de ce fluide ne parait pas par contre un indice important. En effet, pour un débit allant de 50 à 150 l/h, il s'est avéré qu'il n'y avait pratiquement pas de variation dans les quantités polluantes émises.On practically all laminar flame premix burners, thermal nitrogen oxide formation is preponderant. In this case, a circulation of water in the coil 3 made it possible to lower the flame temperature by approximately 200 ° C. If the temperature of the coolant passing through the tube seems to be of considerable importance, the value of the flow rate of this fluid does not appear to be an important indicator. Indeed, for a flow rate ranging from 50 to 150 l / h, it turned out that there was practically no variation in the polluting quantities emitted.

A titre d'exemple de réalisation, le brûleur de la figure 2 peut être réalisé à partir d'un diamètre de tube 5' de l'ordre de 6 mm (diamètre intérieur d'environ 4 mm), ce tube étant enroulé pour constituer une hélice d'environ 40 mm de diamètre extérieur (D), et ce avec une longueur au repos suivant l'axe 7 (spires jointives) d'environ 160 mm, la matière utilisée étant de l'acier inoxydable.As an example of an embodiment, the burner of FIG. 2 can be made from a tube diameter 5 ′ of the order of 6 mm (internal diameter of approximately 4 mm), this tube being rolled up to constitute a propeller of approximately 40 mm of outside diameter ( D ), and this with a length at rest along the axis 7 (contiguous turns) of approximately 160 mm, the material used being stainless steel.

Un tel brûleur peut présenter une plage de fonctionnement allant d'environ 11 à 30 kW au moins, soit une modulation de puissance de 3:1 (puissance surfacique : de l'ordre de 450 à 1 350 kW/m²).Such a burner can have an operating range of at least about 11 to 30 kW, i.e. a power modulation of 3: 1 (surface power: of the order of 450 to 1,350 kW / m²).

Sur la figure 3 maintenant, le brûleur est installé à l'intérieur de la chambre d'échange thermique, ou chambre de combustion, 43 d'une chaudière 45.In FIG. 3 now, the burner is installed inside the heat exchange chamber, or combustion chamber, 43 of a boiler 45.

Le fluide à chauffer, tel que de l'eau, arrive par une conduite 47 et repart dans une conduite 49 après être passé à l'intérieur de la chambre 43, pour l'essentiel suivant un serpentin 51 constitué par un enroulement en hélice d'axe vertical.The fluid to be heated, such as water, arrives via a line 47 and leaves in a line 49 after passing inside the chamber 43, essentially along a coil 51 consisting of a helical winding d 'vertical axis.

A l'intérieur de la chambre 43, et plus particulièrement coaxialement à l'hélice 51 ainsi constituée, est disposé le brûleur 1 dont les raccords de dérivation 34 et 36 du tube en hélice sont branchés en parallèle, respectivement sur les conduits d'alimentation 47 et d'évacuation 49, de plus fort diamètre.Inside the chamber 43, and more particularly coaxially with the propeller 51 thus formed, is arranged the burner 1, the bypass connections 34 and 36 of the helical tube are connected in parallel, respectively on the supply conduits 47 and discharge 49, of larger diameter.

On notera également la taille particulièrement réduite de la chambre de chauffe 43, les produits de combustion du brûleur étant évacués à l'air libre par la cheminée 53, en communication fluide avec cette chambre.Note also the particularly reduced size of the heating chamber 43, the combustion products from the burner being evacuated to the open air by the chimney 53, in fluid communication with this chamber.

Bien entendu, différentes variantes de réalisation du brûleur 1 peuvent être imaginées. Ainsi sur la figure 4, a t-on représenté la tête de combustion d'un brûleur 1' dont la tige, ou tube 55, qui constitue sa surface tubulaire accroche-flammes, présente ici une configuration enroulée avec des méandres présentant des tronçons rectilignes 57, d'axe 59 parallèle à celui de la surface tubulaire définie 60, deux méandres parallèles successifs étant réunis à l'une ou l'autre des extrémités axiales de la surface par des coudes 61, de telle sorte que le tube 55 présente ainsi une série de zigzags successifs, jusqu'à ce que le tube se referme sur lui-même pour former la surface tubulaire recherchée d'axe 59.Of course, different embodiments of the burner 1 can be imagined. Thus in FIG. 4, the combustion head of a burner 1 ′ has been shown, the rod or tube 55 of which constitutes its tubular flame catching surface, here has a configuration wound with meanders having rectilinear sections 57, with axis 59 parallel to that of the defined tubular surface 60, two successive parallel meanders being joined at one or the other of the axial ends of the surface by elbows 61, so that the tube 55 thus has a series of successive zigzags, until the tube closes on itself to form the desired tubular surface of axis 59.

Comme le montre la figure 4, des flammes telles que 63 pourront alors se développer le long des fentes axiales 65 séparant deux zones rectilignes 57 successives.As shown in FIG. 4, flames such as 63 may then develop along the axial slots 65 separating two successive rectilinear zones 57.

Claims (10)

Tête de combustion pour brûleur, comprenant - une tige (5, 5', 55) enroulée pour définir une surface tubulaire (3, 9, 60) intérieurement creuse ayant un axe (7, 59) et présentant des passages (25, 65) ménagés entre deux enroulements successifs de la tige, ladite surface étant fermée à une première extrémité axiale (11) et ouverte à une seconde extrémité axiale opposée (13) pour communiquer avec des moyens d'alimentation (17, 19) en un mélange inflammable, et - des moyens (29) d'allumage disposés à l'extérieur de ladite surface tubulaire (3, 9, 60) pour enflammer le mélange sortant par lesdits passages (25, 65), de telle sorte que les flammes s'accrochent le long d'une partie au moins de ladite surface tubulaire. Combustion head for burner, comprising - a rod (5, 5 ', 55) wound to define an internally hollow tubular surface (3, 9, 60) having an axis (7, 59) and having passages (25, 65) formed between two successive windings of the rod, said surface being closed at a first axial end (11) and open at a second opposite axial end (13) to communicate with means for supplying (17, 19) with a flammable mixture, and - ignition means (29) disposed outside of said tubular surface (3, 9, 60) to ignite the mixture exiting through said passages (25, 65), so that the flames cling along at least part of said tubular surface. Tête de combustion selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que la tige (5') est creuse pour former un tube relié à une extrémité à une alimentation (5'a, 47) en fluide de refroidissement des flammes et, à l'extrémité opposée, à une évacuation (5'b, 49) dudit fluide.Combustion head according to claim 1 characterized in that the rod (5 ') is hollow to form a tube connected at one end to a supply (5'a, 47) of flame coolant and, at the opposite end , to an evacuation (5'b, 49) of said fluid. Tête de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite tige (5, 5') est enroulée en hélice suivant l'axe (7) de la surface tubulaire.Combustion head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the said rod (5, 5 ') is wound in a helix along the axis (7) of the tubular surface. Tête de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la tige (5, 5') présente des qualités de ressort, et la tête comprend des moyens (37, 39, 41, 42) de rapprochement ou d'écartement des enroulements de la tige, pour faire varier la section desdits passages (25) réservés au mélange.Combustion head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rod (5, 5 ') has spring qualities, and the head comprises means (37, 39, 41, 42) for bringing together or spacing of the windings of the rod, to vary the section of said passages (25) reserved for mixing. Tête de combustion selon la revendication 3 ou la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que : - la surface tubulaire est fixée à un support (13) du côté de sa dite seconde extrémité, - et lesdits moyens de rapprochement ou d'écartement des enroulements de la tige comprennent une barre (37) filetée traversant axialement l'intérieur de la surface tubulaire et coopérant avec la partie (11) de fermeture de ladite première extrémité de cette surface tubulaire et avec des moyens de vissage (38), pour faire varier axialement l'écartement entre les spires de la tige. Combustion head according to claim 3 or claim 4 characterized in that: - the tubular surface is fixed to a support (13) on the side of its said second end, - And said means for bringing the rod windings closer or apart include a threaded bar (37) axially passing through the interior of the tubular surface and cooperating with the part (11) for closing said first end of this tubular surface and with screw means (38), for axially varying the spacing between the turns of the rod. Tête de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que la surface tubulaire renferme intérieurement un tamis tubulaire (35) d'axe parallèle à celui de la surface tubulaire et à travers lequel passe le mélange à enflammer.Combustion head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tubular surface internally contains a tubular screen (35) with an axis parallel to that of the tubular surface and through which the mixture to be ignited passes. Tête de combustion selon la revendication 6 caractérisée en ce que le tamis (35) est conique et à mailles serrées.Combustion head according to claim 6, characterized in that the screen (35) is conical and with tight meshes. Brûleur à gaz, à air soufflé et à prémélange total, comprenant une tête de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7.Gas burner, blown air and total premix, comprising a combustion head according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Chaudière comprenant une chambre d'échange thermique (43) : - dans laquelle serpente une conduite (51) propre à recevoir à travers elle la circulation d'un fluide à chauffer, - et où est disposé un brûleur comprenant une tête de combustion selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7. Boiler comprising a heat exchange chamber (43): - in which winds a pipe (51) suitable for receiving through it the circulation of a fluid to be heated, - And where is arranged a burner comprising a combustion head according to any one of claims 1 to 7. Chaudière selon la revendication 9 caractérisée en ce que ladite tige creuse enroulée (5') de la tête de combustion est raccordée en parallèle à la conduite (47, 49, 51) de fluide à chauffer, laquelle localement entoure la tête de combustion.Boiler according to Claim 9, characterized in that the said wound hollow rod (5 ') of the combustion head is connected in parallel to the pipe (47, 49, 51) of fluid to be heated, which locally surrounds the combustion head.
EP94402948A 1993-12-22 1994-12-20 Burner head for burner with low pollutants emission and boiler provided with such a burner Withdrawn EP0660040A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9315490A FR2714150B1 (en) 1993-12-22 1993-12-22 Combustion head for burners with low emission of pollutants and boiler fitted with such a burner.
FR9315490 1993-12-22

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EP0660040A1 true EP0660040A1 (en) 1995-06-28

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996019697A1 (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heater
EP1160521A3 (en) * 2000-05-27 2003-05-07 VIESSMANN WERKE GmbH &amp; CO. Boiler
CN102829491A (en) * 2012-08-28 2012-12-19 程超 Multifunctional integrated crop mixing compressing environment-friendly energy-saving furnace

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT405444B (en) * 1996-01-30 1999-08-25 Vaillant Gmbh HEATING EQUIPMENT WITH A CYLINDER-BASED BURNER

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE242368C (en) *
FR685025A (en) * 1928-11-20 1930-07-03 Premix Gas Plants Ltd Improvements to apparatus for the combustion of gas mixtures
US2625994A (en) * 1946-01-09 1953-01-20 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Gas burner formed by stacked annular members
US3514833A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-06-02 Us Army Method of making a slotted gas burner head
GB2071839A (en) * 1980-03-17 1981-09-23 Sdecc Burner with fan-assisted premixing of air and gas

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE242368C (en) *
FR685025A (en) * 1928-11-20 1930-07-03 Premix Gas Plants Ltd Improvements to apparatus for the combustion of gas mixtures
US2625994A (en) * 1946-01-09 1953-01-20 Allis Chalmers Mfg Co Gas burner formed by stacked annular members
US3514833A (en) * 1968-04-15 1970-06-02 Us Army Method of making a slotted gas burner head
GB2071839A (en) * 1980-03-17 1981-09-23 Sdecc Burner with fan-assisted premixing of air and gas

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1996019697A1 (en) * 1994-12-20 1996-06-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heater
EP1160521A3 (en) * 2000-05-27 2003-05-07 VIESSMANN WERKE GmbH &amp; CO. Boiler
CN102829491A (en) * 2012-08-28 2012-12-19 程超 Multifunctional integrated crop mixing compressing environment-friendly energy-saving furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2714150A1 (en) 1995-06-23
FR2714150B1 (en) 1996-02-02

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