EP0660039A1 - Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner, Brenner versehen mit einem solchen Kopf und Verbrennungsverfahren - Google Patents

Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner, Brenner versehen mit einem solchen Kopf und Verbrennungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0660039A1
EP0660039A1 EP94402988A EP94402988A EP0660039A1 EP 0660039 A1 EP0660039 A1 EP 0660039A1 EP 94402988 A EP94402988 A EP 94402988A EP 94402988 A EP94402988 A EP 94402988A EP 0660039 A1 EP0660039 A1 EP 0660039A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluids
deflector
combustion head
head according
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP94402988A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0660039B1 (de
Inventor
Christian Lequertier
Bernard Verbeke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engie SA
Original Assignee
Gaz de France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gaz de France SA filed Critical Gaz de France SA
Publication of EP0660039A1 publication Critical patent/EP0660039A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0660039B1 publication Critical patent/EP0660039B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/20—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone
    • F23D14/22—Non-premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air on arrival at the combustion zone with separate air and gas feed ducts, e.g. with ducts running parallel or crossing each other
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2201/00—Staged combustion
    • F23C2201/20—Burner staging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2202/00—Fluegas recirculation
    • F23C2202/40—Inducing local whirls around flame

Definitions

  • the present invention relates in particular to a combustion head making it possible to improve the overall conditions for combustion of oxidizing and combustible fluids and in particular to reduce the production of nitrogen oxides.
  • Combustion heads often pose gas pollution problems.
  • the method which has been mainly used until now consists in staging the combustion, that is to say instead of putting in a single zone the fuel and the oxidant as a whole, to proceed by stages, by multiplying the areas of fuel injection or oxidizer in the direction of flame development.
  • the object of the invention is to propose in particular an improved combustion head, guiding and channeling the fluids even beyond the head, thus limiting the production of polluting gases.
  • the aforementioned part for guiding these fluids may be a truncated cone whose small base, closest to the deflector, will have a radial section smaller than that of this deflector which may be a disc full.
  • the deflector or the solid base of the cone will constitute a barrier for the flammable mixture which will have to circulate around it, thus preventing direct communication between said cone and the outlet end of the fuel supply duct.
  • the combustion head detailed above has the advantage of being able to be used on known existing burners.
  • the invention therefore quite naturally also relates to a gas burner equipped with such a head, such as for example a burner known as a "head mixture" and with blown air, for for example domestic uses (heating of communities).
  • the head 1 comprises an end piece 2 containing fluid supplies 18, 26, a deflector 36 and a support 28 for distributing the fuel.
  • the tubular end piece 2 extends along an axis 4 and has a first upstream end 6, conventionally connected (screw 8) to a fixing head 10, and an opposite downstream or free end 12.
  • This hollow endpiece has a generally cylindrical shape with, advantageously, towards its end 12, a substantially frustoconical end portion 14 converging in the general direction of flow referenced at 20.
  • the end piece 2 here has towards its end 12, longitudinal internal fins 16, substantially regularly distributed over its entire periphery, and parallel to axis 4.
  • the fuel supply here comprises a conduit 18, substantially coaxial with the nozzle 4, and the outlet end 24 of which is located upstream from the end 12 of the nozzle.
  • This conduit brings along 22 the fuel, such as natural gas, to the deflector.
  • the oxidant supply means such as air identified at 23, are constituted in this case by the internal passage 26 of the nozzle.
  • a distribution support 28 for the fuel coaxial with the nozzle 4 is mounted on the end 24 of the conduit 18 while being able to slide therein thanks to a control rod 30.
  • This axially hollow support is here adapted to reserve between it and the end piece a peripheral channel 34 for circulation of fluids.
  • it is a star support 28 with radial branches 32, each substantially provided with a distribution channel (arrows 22 '), the oxidant circulating axially between these branches.
  • the deflector 36 is mounted in the endpiece, transversely and preferably perpendicular to the axis 4.
  • it is in the form of an essentially solid disc (in particular without radial fins) and substantially planar, this particular shape further favoring reduction of nitrogen oxides. It has a section such that a peripheral annular space 38 is reserved between it and the nozzle for the circulation of fluids.
  • This flame catching disc (s) 36 is located downstream from the end 24 of the duct, preferably towards the end 12 of the end piece (in its frustoconical part), its diameter here being adapted so that it is guided axially by the fins 16. As illustrated, the deflector 36 is mounted on the downstream face of the support 28, its axial position being adjustable with that of the support.
  • the head 1 also includes means for igniting the mixture, which takes place beyond the downstream end of the conduit 18.
  • means for igniting the mixture comprise an ignition electrode 40 disposed in the nozzle, and the downstream end of which 40a passes through an orifice 41 of the deflector.
  • the flame is detected by a UV cell (ultraviolet) not shown.
  • the head 1 also comprises a part 42 making it possible to channel the flow of fluids beyond the deflector to which this part can be directly fixed by any known fixing means, such as screws 44.
  • the solid deflector 36 is disposed between the end of the conduit 18 and the part 42. A priori, any direct, substantially axial communication, between this end 24 and the part 42 is prohibited.
  • This part 42 located downstream of the deflector, extends along the axis 4 or essentially in its vicinity, being preferably arranged for the most part outside the end piece. It has a general external shape which widens in direction 20, so as to present, at least over part of its length, first a first portion or zone 48, upstream, of reduced cross section, then a second portion, or zone 52 downstream, of section greater than that of the first.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 several variants of the part 42 are shown, such as a truncated cone extending longitudinally along the axis 4 and of straight generator (at 56, FIGS. 2 and 3), or at least in curved part with a concavity facing outwards (at 57, figure 4).
  • the cone 42 preferably of circular section, here has a small base 48 of diameter D1 less than that of the deflector against which it is fixed. Its large base 52 is further extended by a terminal portion 54, of diameter D de, less than or equal to that D2 of the large base (and in this case close to that of the deflector).
  • the connection between the downstream base 52 and the end portion 54 is made by a shoulder 60 advantageously substantially normal to the axis 62.
  • the cone 42 may also include at its large base a chamfer 61.
  • the part 42 can be solid or hollow, with its opposite ends 46, 58 for example open ( Figures 3 and 4). If the part 42 is hollow, it may include orifices 64 for the passage through it of fluids, these transverse orifices being preferably situated towards its downstream end 58.
  • the part 42 can be made of any material resistant to high combustion temperatures, such as for example stainless steel or ceramic.
  • a part 42 of axial length L between 80 mm and Approximately 100 mm with a terminal portion 54 of length from approximately 4 mm to 20 mm and of diameter from approximately 70 mm to 80 mm, the small and large bases having a diameter of approximately 25 mm and approximately 80 respectively mm to 90 mm.
  • its wall thickness may be approximately 5 mm.
  • the first operation consists in supplying the head with oxidant and fuel until they are brought into contact and mix in an internal zone of the nozzle situated essentially at the level of the deflector, in the annular space 38. We ignite then mixing by the electrode 40, the flame created being stabilized by the deflector 36 on which it is hooked. We then orient beyond the deflector the flow of fluids so as to optimize their complete combustion thanks to part 42.
  • the flow had a central part 66 (FIG. 5), ignited at the location of a first combustion zone 67 and surrounded by a peripheral layer of non-ignited mixture, such as shown by the arrows 72.
  • the part 42 forming an obstacle inside the flow creates, in a way, several "combustion zones" stepped in the non-ignited mixture, referenced 76 and 80.
  • the part 42 by its shape general, orients the flame which envelops it so that the latter forms several stepped constrictions or throttles 70, 78, the first necking 70 being located at the level of said piece (advantageously in its middle part) while the following necking 78 is located at beyond the downstream end 58, after which the flows diverge.
  • This part 42 also guides the peripheral layer 72 in substantially the same way, making it generally diverge. It also creates two stepped zones 74, 79 for recycling burnt fluids, the first 74 around the cone and the second 79, beyond its downstream end, these zones being both located substantially at the level of each constriction 70, 78, and upstream of combustion zones 76 and 80 respectively.
  • the presence of the part 42 within the fluids must allow the unburned mixture at 67 to be ignited successively at the combustion zones 76 and 80 located respectively at the end of the end 58 and beyond the necking 78 and recycling 79 zones.
  • the shoulder 60 must favor the attachment of the flame all around the downstream end of the cone. This stabilization can be further promoted by bringing the terminal portion 54 of the cone to red. In practice, in the case of a gas burner with two operating powers, this is obtained by lengthening the combustion phase by a few minutes at the lowest power compared to the time recommended in normal use.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
EP94402988A 1993-12-24 1994-12-22 Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner, Brenner versehen mit einem solchen Kopf und Verbrennungsverfahren Expired - Lifetime EP0660039B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9315655A FR2714455B1 (fr) 1993-12-24 1993-12-24 Tête de combustion perfectionnée pour brûleur à gaz, brûleur équipé d'une telle tête et procédé de combustion.
FR9315655 1993-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0660039A1 true EP0660039A1 (de) 1995-06-28
EP0660039B1 EP0660039B1 (de) 1999-04-28

Family

ID=9454404

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94402988A Expired - Lifetime EP0660039B1 (de) 1993-12-24 1994-12-22 Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner, Brenner versehen mit einem solchen Kopf und Verbrennungsverfahren

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0660039B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE179505T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69418164D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2714455B1 (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0884528A2 (de) * 1997-06-11 1998-12-16 C.I.B. Unigas S.p.A. Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner
WO2000020799A1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2000-04-13 Huta Buczek S.A. Combustion stabilizing system in a gas burner of low nitrogen oxides emission

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2102398A5 (de) * 1970-04-30 1972-04-07 Gaz De France
US4437831A (en) * 1980-10-27 1984-03-20 Aero Environmental Limited Burner head
EP0564313A1 (de) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-06 Cuenod Thermotechnique S.A. Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner und Brenner mit einem solchen Kopf

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2102398A5 (de) * 1970-04-30 1972-04-07 Gaz De France
US4437831A (en) * 1980-10-27 1984-03-20 Aero Environmental Limited Burner head
EP0564313A1 (de) * 1992-04-03 1993-10-06 Cuenod Thermotechnique S.A. Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner und Brenner mit einem solchen Kopf

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0884528A2 (de) * 1997-06-11 1998-12-16 C.I.B. Unigas S.p.A. Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner
EP0884528A3 (de) * 1997-06-11 1999-07-28 C.I.B. Unigas S.p.A. Brennerkopf für Gasbrenner
WO2000020799A1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2000-04-13 Huta Buczek S.A. Combustion stabilizing system in a gas burner of low nitrogen oxides emission

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0660039B1 (de) 1999-04-28
ATE179505T1 (de) 1999-05-15
FR2714455A1 (fr) 1995-06-30
FR2714455B1 (fr) 1996-02-02
DE69418164D1 (de) 1999-06-02

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