EP0659454B1 - Ski with a profiled sole - Google Patents

Ski with a profiled sole Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0659454B1
EP0659454B1 EP94116598A EP94116598A EP0659454B1 EP 0659454 B1 EP0659454 B1 EP 0659454B1 EP 94116598 A EP94116598 A EP 94116598A EP 94116598 A EP94116598 A EP 94116598A EP 0659454 B1 EP0659454 B1 EP 0659454B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
width
rear portion
line
rtm
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EP94116598A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0659454A1 (en
Inventor
Bertrand Krafft
Gilles Silva
Jacques Le Masson
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Salomon SAS
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Salomon SAS
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
    • A63C5/044—Structure of the surface thereof of the running sole

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a ski for evolution on snow, such as an alpine ski, a monoski or a snowboard.
  • It relates more particularly to a ski provided with a lower sole trimmed with ridges whose sliding ability has been improved.
  • the sliding surface is provided with discontinuous ridges oriented in the longitudinal direction, the shape of which is wavy, of generally sinuosoidal appearance, so as to preferentially give the sole a roughness coefficient Ra within an appropriate value range.
  • Document DE 40 22 286 relates to a sliding surface coating for which polyethylenes of different characteristics are provided; polyethylenes having a higher hardness in the basic surface pressure section.
  • This solution is expensive because it requires the use of different materials for the same sole.
  • the structuring wears out more quickly in the area where the polyethylene has a lower hardness; that is to say at the back of the ski. The benefit of differentiated roughness is quickly lost.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a satisfactory solution to these problems.
  • Snow is a three-phase powdery medium, a mixture of ice, water and water vapor.
  • the proportion of each phase in the mixture varies progressively during the passage of the bearing surface of the ski due to two important parameters which are the friction caused at the sole / snow interface and the pressure distribution on the ski.
  • Figure 1 shows a ski on snow when it supports the weight of the skier and Figure 2 illustrates the shape of the pressure distribution curve (P) over the length of the ski (L).
  • the ski according to the invention comprises a lower sliding surface of plastic material, provided with a plurality of discontinuous ridges; said surface resting on a front contact line and a rear contact line when the ski is unloaded and is characterized in that the surface comprises an unstructured or weakly structured front part and a more highly structured rear part whose measured value of roughness parameter Rtm is greater than that measured in the front part; said rear part extending towards the rear of the ski in the direction of the rear contact line, from a transverse line situated between the mid-boot line of the ski and at the most distant a transverse line situated at a distance from the line of middle of shoe equal to 0.4 times the distance separating said line from the front contact line.
  • the parameter Rtm designates the average of the maximum roughnesses which measure the vertical difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the roughness profile over the total evaluation length, according to DIN 4762 / 1E or ISO 4287 / 1.
  • the value Rtm is less than or equal to 15 ⁇ m in the front part of the sliding surface and is greater than 15 ⁇ m in the rear part of the sliding surface.
  • the rear part of the highly structured sliding surface extends rearward, at least, to the rear contact line of said surface.
  • the Applicant has noticed an improvement in performance due most certainly to better rupture and better evacuation of the water film.
  • the rear part subjected to a strongly marked structuring begins from a line situated at a distance from the midline of the shoe of between 0.2 and 0.4 times the distance separating the midline from front contact line shoe.
  • the start of the highly structured part thus begins in a zone of high pressure which generally corresponds to a peak of maximum pressure situated in the vicinity of the stop before fixing.
  • the rear part comprises a marked structure such that the roughness value Rtm is greater than 15 ⁇ m on a central part of width (l1) only of the width (L) of the sole; said rear part comprising on either side of said structured central part, edges of width (l2) smooth or slightly structured and whose measured value of roughness Rtm is less than 15 ⁇ m and the measured value of roughness Rku ⁇ 3.
  • the central part plays an important role in the flat sliding of the ski and that it is therefore important that it is well structured in order to allow good flow and avoid the phenomenon of suction.
  • the ski is inclined by the skier on one or the other side edge.
  • the sole therefore remains in contact with the snow over a narrow lateral region bordering the central part.
  • the pressure exerted by the weight of the skier on this small surface is therefore large and it is therefore important to reduce friction as much as possible by providing a smooth surface or with less marked structure. It is necessary, in fact, to favor the support and hooking properties of the edges while reducing the "guiding" effects due to the structure of the sole which can oppose cornering.
  • the water film problem is secondary in this case.
  • the Rku (Roughness Kurtosis) parameter designates the flattening parameter of the height distribution density. The flatter the density curve, the larger Rku; on the contrary, if the curve is sharp and its maximum well centered, Rku is low (Standard ISO 4287/1).
  • the width (l2) of the edges is between 0.03 L and 0.3 L; knowing that the width (l1) of the central part of flat gliding must remain greater than or equal to 0.45 L.
  • the strongly striated rear part is of constant width along the lower surface of the ski.
  • Such a structure can thus be easily obtained by a repetitive and reproducible technique using the passage over the sole of a hot tool of constant edge width, in a single pass.
  • the structuring of the rear part is carried out by the hot and pressurized passage of a tool, on the lower sliding surface; said tool having the shape of a roller comprising a relief pattern with constant width of edges on the surface of which a plurality of discontinuous ribs is formed.
  • the highly structured rear part comprises a plurality of short, rectilinear and discontinuous streaks, arranged in separate or nested rows.
  • a majority, at least, of the ridges are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the ski. Some may however be inclined and have a certain angle with respect to the longitudinal axis, in particular in order to avoid an excessive 'rail' effect or else to improve the release of the water film under certain snow conditions or for certain types of skis.
  • the structure, of the rear part at least, has a roughness gradient such that the value Rtm and Rku decreases progressively, from the rear contact line in the direction of the front contact line.
  • the structuring may have a roughness gradient such that the values of Rtm and Rku gradually increase from the side edges towards the longitudinal axis over a significant part, at least, of the width of the lower surface, it being understood that the roughness (Rtm and Rku) can remain substantially constant over small portions.
  • the sliding surface is constituted by a coating of the same chemical nature and of the same hardness over the entire length of the ski.
  • this is a slightly arched alpine ski and the gliding sole or lower surface (1) rests on a front contact line (10) and a rear contact line ( 11).
  • the surface between these two lines (10, 11) meets the snow and becomes the bearing surface of the ski ( Figure 1).
  • the ski comprises a raised part in tip (2) and in heel (3).
  • the sole (1) preferably of polyethylene of width (L); bordered on each side by the metal side edges (4).
  • the sole includes a slightly striated front part (5) and a strongly striated rear part (6).
  • the rear part (6) is delimited, on the one hand, by the rear contact line (11) and on the other hand, by a line (12) located at a distance (d), in front of the virtual line ( 13) representing the position of the middle of the shoe indicated by the manufacturer.
  • the distance (d) may not exceed 0.4 times the distance (D) separating the mid-shoe line (13) from the front contact line (10).
  • the front part (5) is adjacent to the rear part (6) and extends in front of the latter, from the line (12) to the front contact line (10).
  • FIG. 4a shows in enlarged view, an example of structuring according to the invention. It can be a multitude of short, straight, discontinuous streaks (60) arranged in rows nested one inside the other.
  • the structure is more superficial and the ridges (50) are more spaced, shorter, less deep and less wide than those of the rear part ( Figure 4a).
  • the structure could also be almost non-existent and the surface as smooth as possible in this part:
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the rear part (6) comprises a central zone (600) of width (11) which is highly structured and, on either side of said zone, lateral edges (61, 62) wide (l2), smooth or poorly structured.
  • the central zone (600) is of constant width (11) over the entire length of the rear part (6).
  • the lateral edges (61, 62) constitute the sliding surfaces in the curve of the ski where great pressure is exerted. Too much structuring in these areas would risk playing against the pivoting properties of the ski.
  • the width (l2) of each edge (61, 62) is between 0.03 L and 0.3 L. In any case, the width (l1) of the central zone is always greater than or equal to 0.45 x L.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an advantageous example allowing the structuring of the sole of a ski according to the invention and more particularly in the case where it is desired to obtain a constant width (l1) of the central zone (600) of the lower surface giving a variable width (12) of the lateral edges (61, 62).
  • a device comprising a heated tool (8) in the form of a roller and which has on its surface an embossed pattern with constant width (l) of edges, comprising a plurality of discontinuous ribs (80).
  • the surface of the roller is applied, under pressure, against the surface of the sole (1) of the ski to be prepared, by making the ski run longitudinally between several skids of guide (9).
  • pressure and temperature conditions are adapted without particular difficulties, in order to obtain satisfactory and reproducible results.
  • a HDPE type sole and in the case of the production of ridges according to the characteristics given above by way of example, it is preferable to work at a temperature of between 80 and 120 ° C., and apply pressure to the surface of the sole by the rotating tool (8).
  • the structure has a roughness gradient such that the measured parameters Rtm and Rku decrease progressively, from the rear contact line (11) in the direction of the front contact line (10).
  • This gradient can be obtained for example by gradually decreasing the number of streaks and their dimension (length, width and depth), from the rear line (11) to the front line (10).
  • the values Rtm and Rku can be substantially constant.
  • the increasing progression of the values Rtm and Rku takes place in stages, that is to say by a series of adjacent short portions in which the values Rtm and Rku are substantially constant but vary by a portion adjacent to each other.
  • the length of the ridges can vary, in general, between 4 mm and 50 mm depending on the type of snow and the type of ski used.
  • the coating used to constitute the ski sole is chosen from sintered or extruded polyethylenes.
  • the polyethylene may contain a more or less significant graphite filler (generally around 15% approximately).
  • a single material makes it possible to constitute the sole of the ski.

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  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a ski equipped with a (running) sole provided with discontinuous striations (50, 60), which comprises a smooth or barely structured front part (5) and a highly structured rear part (6). The rear part (6) extends towards the rear in the direction of the rear contact line (11), from a transverse line (12) located between the midline (13) of the boot and a transverse line located at a distance (d) from the midline (13) of the boot, equal to 0.4 times the distance (D) separating the said line (13) from the front contact line (10). The invention relates more particularly to an alpine (downhill) ski, the ability of which in terms of gliding is thereby improved. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne un ski pour évolution sur neige, tel qu'un ski alpin, un monoski ou un surf de neige.The invention relates to a ski for evolution on snow, such as an alpine ski, a monoski or a snowboard.

Elle se rapporte plus particulièrement à un ski muni d'une semelle inférieure garnie de stries dont l'aptitude au glissement a été améliorée.It relates more particularly to a ski provided with a lower sole trimmed with ridges whose sliding ability has been improved.

Les spécialistes savent que pour obtenir un glissement correct du ski, la semelle en contact avec la neige ne doit pas rester parfaitement lisse. Sous l'effet de frottements et de la pression exercée, les grains de neige fondent et se transforment en microgoutellettes qui ont tendance à s'agglomérer et former un film d'eau lubrifiant. La structuration par des aspérités dans la semelle contribue donc à rompre ce film et à permettre son évacuation pour éviter les phénomènes de succion qui s'opposent au glissement.Specialists know that in order to obtain correct sliding of the ski, the sole in contact with the snow must not remain perfectly smooth. Under the effect of friction and the pressure exerted, the snow grains melt and transform into microdroplets which tend to agglomerate and form a film of lubricating water. The structure by asperities in the sole therefore contributes to breaking this film and allowing its evacuation to avoid the suction phenomena which oppose the sliding.

Ce constat a permis de voir apparaître la publication d'un certain nombre de brevets présentant des solutions plus ou moins empiriques en réponse aux problèmes posés par ces phénomènes.This observation made it possible to see the publication of a certain number of patents presenting more or less empirical solutions in response to the problems posed by these phenomena.

Dans les documents FR 1 102 116, CH 161 592 ou CH 331 559, la semelle est garnie d'une série de rainures continues et parallèles qui s'étendent sur une grande partie de la longueur du ski. L'inconvénient est que l'on obtient un ski très directif avec lequel il est difficile d'engager des virages à grande vitesse. Pour cela, on a pensé à raccourcir la longueur des rainures et à les regrouper par rangées séparées les unes des autres comme dans le document FR-A-2 654 005. Dans cette solution, la structure de surface réunit d'une part l'effet de la formation et du guidage adéquat de la couche d'eau et d'autre part la rupture appropriée de la couche d'eau sans conférer au ski d'effet directif majeur.In the documents FR 1 102 116, CH 161 592 or CH 331 559, the sole is furnished with a series of continuous and parallel grooves which extend over a large part of the length of the ski. The disadvantage is that one obtains a very directive ski with which it is difficult to engage turns at high speed. For this, we thought of shortening the length of the grooves and grouping them in rows separated from each other as in document FR-A-2 654 005. In this solution, the surface structure combines on the one hand the effect of the formation and adequate guiding of the water layer and on the other hand the appropriate rupture of the water layer without giving the ski a major directive effect.

Dans le document FR-A-2 683 730, la surface de glisse est munie de stries discontinues orientées dans le sens longitudinal dont la forme est ondulée, d'allure globalement sinuosïdale, de façon à conférer préférentiellement à la semelle un coefficient de rugosité Ra compris dans une plage de valeur appropriée.In document FR-A-2 683 730, the sliding surface is provided with discontinuous ridges oriented in the longitudinal direction, the shape of which is wavy, of generally sinuosoidal appearance, so as to preferentially give the sole a roughness coefficient Ra within an appropriate value range.

Le document DE 40 22 286 concerne un revêtement de surface de glissement pour lequel des polyéthylènes de caractéristiques différentes sont prévus ; les polyéthylènes ayant une dureté plus élevée dans la section de pression superficielle de base. Cette solution est onéreuse car elle oblige l'emploi de différents matériaux pour une même semelle. De plus, compte tenu de la différence de dureté des matériaux, la structuration s'use plus rapidement dans la zone où le polyéthylène a une dureté plus faible ; c'est-à-dire à l'arrière du ski. Le bénéfice d'une rugosité différenciée est rapidement perdu.Document DE 40 22 286 relates to a sliding surface coating for which polyethylenes of different characteristics are provided; polyethylenes having a higher hardness in the basic surface pressure section. This solution is expensive because it requires the use of different materials for the same sole. In addition, given the difference in hardness of the materials, the structuring wears out more quickly in the area where the polyethylene has a lower hardness; that is to say at the back of the ski. The benefit of differentiated roughness is quickly lost.

Dans toutes les solutions de l'art antérieur, on s'est attaché principalement à travailler sur la forme, la longueur et l'orientation de cette structuration sans se préoccuper de la question de savoir quelles étaient les zones optimales devant recevoir une telle structuration et quelles étaient les zones qu'il était préférable de ne pas ou peu structurer et de quelle manière la structuration devait être réalisée dans chacune des zones.In all the solutions of the prior art, we have focused mainly on working on the shape, the length and the orientation of this structuring without being concerned with the question of knowing which were the optimal zones which should receive such a structuring and which were the areas that it was preferable not to structure little or not and in what way the structuring should be carried out in each of the areas.

L'objet de la présente invention est d'apporter une solution satisfaisante à ces problèmes.The object of the present invention is to provide a satisfactory solution to these problems.

La demanderesse a en effet constaté qu'il existe au niveau d'une surface de glissement des zones sollicitées différemment sur la neige, et qu'en conséquence la structuration devrait être adaptée pour en tenir compte.The Applicant has in fact noted that there exist at the level of a sliding surface areas that are stressed differently on the snow, and that consequently the structure should be adapted to take it into account.

La neige est un milieu pulvérulent triphasique mélange de glace, d'eau et de vapeur d'eau. La proportion de chaque phase dans le mélange varie progressivement lors du passage de la surface portante du ski en raison de deux paramètres importants qui sont les frottements occasionnés à l'interface semelle/neige et la distribution de pression sur le ski.Snow is a three-phase powdery medium, a mixture of ice, water and water vapor. The proportion of each phase in the mixture varies progressively during the passage of the bearing surface of the ski due to two important parameters which are the friction caused at the sole / snow interface and the pressure distribution on the ski.

La figure 1 montre un ski sur neige lorsqu'il supporte le poids du skieur et la figure 2 illustre l'allure de la courbe de distribution de pression (P) sur la longueur du ski (L).Figure 1 shows a ski on snow when it supports the weight of the skier and Figure 2 illustrates the shape of the pressure distribution curve (P) over the length of the ski (L).

Ceci permet de constater que lors du passage du ski sur la surface de neige, la pression exercée a tendance à augmenter progressivement à partir d'une zone située en avant de la chaussure de ski ; ce qui tend à favoriser la création progressive du film d'eau à partir de cet endroit.This makes it possible to note that during the passage of the ski over the snow surface, the pressure exerted tends to increase progressively from an area situated in front of the ski boot; which tends to favor the progressive creation of the film of water from this location.

De nombreux essais effectués par la demanderesse ont donc permis de vérifier que la performance du ski était améliorée lorsque la structuration de la semelle était davantage marquée dans la partie arrière du ski, que dans la partie avant. De plus, il a pu être démontré également, que la réalisation d'une structuration trop importante dans la partie avant avait des effets néfastes sur les propriétés de glissement du ski. Par expérience, la demanderesse a pu déterminer quels sont les aspects structurels de surface de la semelle à respecter en fonction des paramètres de distribution de pression et des frottements pour obtenir un ski performant sur tout type de neige.Numerous tests carried out by the applicant have therefore made it possible to verify that the performance of the ski was improved when the structure of the sole was more marked in the rear part of the ski, than in the front part. In addition, it could also be demonstrated that the creation of too much structure in the front part had harmful effects on the sliding properties of the ski. From experience, the Applicant has been able to determine which structural aspects of the surface of the sole have to be respected as a function of the pressure distribution and friction parameters in order to obtain an efficient ski on any type of snow.

Pour cela, le ski conforme à l'invention comprend une surface inférieure de glissement en matière plastique, munie d'une pluralité de stries discontinues ; ladite surface reposant sur une ligne de contact avant et une ligne de contact arrière lorsque le ski est non chargé et est caractérisé en ce que la surface comprend une partie avant non structurée ou faiblement structurée et une partie arrière plus fortement structurée dont la valeur mesurée du paramètre de rugosité Rtm est supérieure à celle mesurée dans la partie avant ; ladite partie arrière s'étendant vers l'arrière du ski en direction de la ligne de contact arrière, à partir d'une ligne transversale située entre la ligne de milieu de chaussure du ski et au plus loin une ligne transversale située à une distance de la ligne de milieu de chaussure égale à 0,4 fois la distance séparant ladite ligne de la ligne de contact avant.For this, the ski according to the invention comprises a lower sliding surface of plastic material, provided with a plurality of discontinuous ridges; said surface resting on a front contact line and a rear contact line when the ski is unloaded and is characterized in that the surface comprises an unstructured or weakly structured front part and a more highly structured rear part whose measured value of roughness parameter Rtm is greater than that measured in the front part; said rear part extending towards the rear of the ski in the direction of the rear contact line, from a transverse line situated between the mid-boot line of the ski and at the most distant a transverse line situated at a distance from the line of middle of shoe equal to 0.4 times the distance separating said line from the front contact line.

Pour définir la limite séparant les deux parties de la semelle différemment structurée, il a été choisi de faire référence à la ligne indiquant le milieu de chaussure sur le ski que chaque constructeur est tenu d'indiquer conformément à la norme ISO/DIS8364. Le respect du montage des fixations par rapport à cette ligne conditionne la distribution de pression résultante du ski et plus particulièrement permet de repérer les zones de forte pression et les zones de moindre pression.To define the limit separating the two parts of the differently structured sole, it was chosen to refer to the line indicating the mid-boot on the ski that each manufacturer is required to indicate in accordance with ISO / DIS8364. Respecting the mounting of the bindings relative to this line conditions the pressure distribution resulting from the ski and more particularly makes it possible to identify the areas of high pressure and the areas of lower pressure.

Le paramètre Rtm désigne la moyenne des rugosités maximales qui mesurent l'écart vertical entre le point le plus haut et le point le plus bas du profil de rugosité sur la longueur totale d'évaluation, selon la norme DIN 4762/1E ou ISO 4287/1.The parameter Rtm designates the average of the maximum roughnesses which measure the vertical difference between the highest point and the lowest point of the roughness profile over the total evaluation length, according to DIN 4762 / 1E or ISO 4287 / 1.

De préférence, la valeur Rtm est inférieure ou égale à 15 µm dans la partie avant de la surface de glissement et est supérieure à 15 µm dans la partie arrière de la surface de glissement.Preferably, the value Rtm is less than or equal to 15 μm in the front part of the sliding surface and is greater than 15 μm in the rear part of the sliding surface.

Selon une autre caractéristique, la partie arrière de la surface de glissement fortement structurée s'étend vers l'arrière, au moins, jusqu'à la ligne de contact arrière de ladite surface. Dans cette configuration avantageuse, la demanderesse a remarqué une amélioration des performances dues très certainement à une meilleure rupture et une meilleure évacuation du film d'eau.According to another characteristic, the rear part of the highly structured sliding surface extends rearward, at least, to the rear contact line of said surface. In this advantageous configuration, the Applicant has noticed an improvement in performance due most certainly to better rupture and better evacuation of the water film.

Selon un mode préférentiel, la partie arrière soumise à une structuration fortement marquée commence à partir d'une ligne située à une distance de la ligne de milieu de chaussure comprise entre 0,2 et 0,4 fois la distance séparant la ligne de milieu de chaussure de la ligne de contact avant. Le début de la partie fortement structurée commence ainsi dans une zone de forte pression qui correspond généralement à un pic de pression maximale situé au voisinage de la butée avant de la fixation.According to a preferred embodiment, the rear part subjected to a strongly marked structuring begins from a line situated at a distance from the midline of the shoe of between 0.2 and 0.4 times the distance separating the midline from front contact line shoe. The start of the highly structured part thus begins in a zone of high pressure which generally corresponds to a peak of maximum pressure situated in the vicinity of the stop before fixing.

Selon une caractéristique secondaire, la partie arrière comprend une structuration marquée telle que la valeur de rugosité Rtm est supérieure à 15 µm sur une partie centrale de largeur (l1) seulement de la largeur (L) de la semelle ; ladite partie arrière comprenant de part et d'autre de ladite partie centrale structurée, des bords de largeur (l2) lisses ou peu structurés et dont la valeur mesurée de rugosité Rtm est inférieure à 15 µm et la valeur mesurée de rugosité Rku < 3. La demanderesse a en effet constaté que la partie centrale joue un rôle important dans la glisse à plat du ski et qu'il est donc important qu'elle soit bien structurée afin de permettre un bon écoulement et éviter le phénomène de succion. En revanche, dans la prise de virage, le ski est incliné par le skieur sur l'une ou l'autre carre latérale. La semelle reste donc en contact avec la neige sur une région latérale de faible largeur bordant la partie centrale. La pression exercée par le poids du skieur sur cette faible surface est donc grande et il est par conséquent important de diminuer au maximum les frottements en prévoyant une surface lisse ou à structuration moins marquée. Il faut, en effet, privilégier les propriétés d'appui et d'accrochage des carres tout en diminuant les effets "guidant" dus à la structuration de la semelle pouvant s'opposer à la prise de virage. Le problème du film d'eau est secondaire dans ce cas.According to a secondary characteristic, the rear part comprises a marked structure such that the roughness value Rtm is greater than 15 μm on a central part of width (l1) only of the width (L) of the sole; said rear part comprising on either side of said structured central part, edges of width (l2) smooth or slightly structured and whose measured value of roughness Rtm is less than 15 μm and the measured value of roughness Rku <3. The Applicant has indeed found that the central part plays an important role in the flat sliding of the ski and that it is therefore important that it is well structured in order to allow good flow and avoid the phenomenon of suction. On the other hand, in the cornering, the ski is inclined by the skier on one or the other side edge. The sole therefore remains in contact with the snow over a narrow lateral region bordering the central part. The pressure exerted by the weight of the skier on this small surface is therefore large and it is therefore important to reduce friction as much as possible by providing a smooth surface or with less marked structure. It is necessary, in fact, to favor the support and hooking properties of the edges while reducing the "guiding" effects due to the structure of the sole which can oppose cornering. The water film problem is secondary in this case.

Le paramètre Rku (Rugosité Kurtosis) désigne le paramètre d'aplatissement de la densité de distribution des hauteurs. Plus la courbe de densité est plate, plus Rku est grand ; au contraire, si la courbe est pointue et son maximum bien centré, Rku est faible (Norme ISO 4287/1).The Rku (Roughness Kurtosis) parameter designates the flattening parameter of the height distribution density. The flatter the density curve, the larger Rku; on the contrary, if the curve is sharp and its maximum well centered, Rku is low (Standard ISO 4287/1).

Selon une caractéristique liée à la précédente, la largeur (l2) des bords est comprise entre 0,03 L et 0,3 L ; sachant que la largeur (l1) de la partie centrale de glisse à plat doit rester supérieure ou égale à 0,45 L.According to a characteristic linked to the previous one, the width (l2) of the edges is between 0.03 L and 0.3 L; knowing that the width (l1) of the central part of flat gliding must remain greater than or equal to 0.45 L.

Avantageusement, la partie arrière fortement striée est de largeur constante le long de la surface inférieure du ski. Une telle structuration peut ainsi être facilement obtenue par une technique répétitive et reproductible utilisant le passage sur la semelle d'un outil chaud de largeur de bord constant, en une seule passe.Advantageously, the strongly striated rear part is of constant width along the lower surface of the ski. Such a structure can thus be easily obtained by a repetitive and reproducible technique using the passage over the sole of a hot tool of constant edge width, in a single pass.

Ainsi selon une caractéristique complémentaire avantageuse, la structuration de la partie arrière est réalisée par le passage à chaud et sous pression d'un outil, sur la surface inférieure de glissement ; ledit outil ayant la forme d'un rouleau comprenant un motif en relief à largeur constante de bords sur la surface duquel est formée une pluralité de nervures discontinues.Thus, according to an advantageous additional characteristic, the structuring of the rear part is carried out by the hot and pressurized passage of a tool, on the lower sliding surface; said tool having the shape of a roller comprising a relief pattern with constant width of edges on the surface of which a plurality of discontinuous ribs is formed.

Selon une autre caractéristique plus générale, la partie arrière fortement structurée comprend une pluralité de stries courtes, rectilignes et discontinues, disposées en rangées séparées ou imbriquées.According to another more general characteristic, the highly structured rear part comprises a plurality of short, rectilinear and discontinuous streaks, arranged in separate or nested rows.

Selon une caractéristique complémentaire, une majorité, au moins, des stries sont orientées selon l'axe longitudinal du ski. Certaines peuvent cependant être inclinées et présenter un certain angle par rapport à l'axe longitudinal, afin notamment d'éviter un effet de 'rail' trop important ou encore pour améliorer le dégagement du film d'eau dans certaines conditions de neige ou pour certains types de skis.According to an additional characteristic, a majority, at least, of the ridges are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the ski. Some may however be inclined and have a certain angle with respect to the longitudinal axis, in particular in order to avoid an excessive 'rail' effect or else to improve the release of the water film under certain snow conditions or for certain types of skis.

On peut encore prévoir avantageusement que la structuration, de la partie arrière au moins, présente un gradient de rugosité tel que la valeur Rtm et Rku diminue progressivement, à partir de la ligne de contact arrière en direction de la ligne de contact avant.It can also advantageously be provided that the structure, of the rear part at least, has a roughness gradient such that the value Rtm and Rku decreases progressively, from the rear contact line in the direction of the front contact line.

De même, la structuration peut présenter un gradient de rugosité tel que les valeurs de Rtm et Rku augmentent progressivement à partir des carres latérales vers l'axe longitudinal sur une partie significative, au moins, de la largeur de la surface inférieure, étant entendu que la rugosité (Rtm et Rku) peut rester sensiblement constante sur de petites portions.Similarly, the structuring may have a roughness gradient such that the values of Rtm and Rku gradually increase from the side edges towards the longitudinal axis over a significant part, at least, of the width of the lower surface, it being understood that the roughness (Rtm and Rku) can remain substantially constant over small portions.

Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la surface de glissement est constitué par un revêtement de même nature chimique et de même dureté sur toute la longueur du ski. Ainsi, l'usure de la structuration se fait de façon homogène et en même temps sur toute la longueur du skiAccording to another characteristic of the invention, the sliding surface is constituted by a coating of the same chemical nature and of the same hardness over the entire length of the ski. Thus, the wear of the structure is done homogeneously and at the same time over the entire length of the ski

Diverses autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui suit selon des exemples non limitatifs de réalisation d'un ski conforme à l'invention, en référence aux dessins schématiques en annexe dont :

  • la figure 3 montre un ski selon l'invention en vue de côté lorsque celui-ci est non chargé ;
  • la figure 4 montre le ski de la figure 3 en vue de dessous ;
  • les figures 4a et 4b sont des vues de détail de la semelle à partir de la figure 4 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue similaire à celle de la figure 4 selon une variante ;
  • les figures 6 et 7 montrent un exemple de réalisation de la structuration de la semelle du ski de la figure 5 ;
  • la figure 8 illustre une autre variante de l'invention ;
  • les figures 9 à 11 sont des exemples variés de structuration en vues de détail selon l'invention.
Various other characteristics of the invention will emerge from the description which follows according to nonlimiting examples of making a ski in accordance with the invention, with reference to the appended schematic drawings including:
  • Figure 3 shows a ski according to the invention in side view when it is unloaded;
  • Figure 4 shows the ski of Figure 3 from below;
  • Figures 4a and 4b are detailed views of the sole from Figure 4;
  • Figure 5 is a view similar to that of Figure 4 according to a variant;
  • Figures 6 and 7 show an embodiment of the structure of the ski sole of Figure 5;
  • FIG. 8 illustrates another variant of the invention;
  • Figures 9 to 11 are various examples of structuring in detail views according to the invention.

Dans l'exemple illustré à la figure 3, il s'agit d'un ski alpin légèrement cambré et dont la semelle de glisse ou surface inférieure (1) repose sur une ligne de contact avant (10) et une ligne de contact arrière (11). Par le poids du skieur, la surface comprise entre ces deux lignes (10, 11) rencontre la neige et devient la surface portante du ski (figure 1). Le ski comprend une partie relevée en spatule (2) et en talon (3).In the example illustrated in FIG. 3, this is a slightly arched alpine ski and the gliding sole or lower surface (1) rests on a front contact line (10) and a rear contact line ( 11). By the weight of the skier, the surface between these two lines (10, 11) meets the snow and becomes the bearing surface of the ski (Figure 1). The ski comprises a raised part in tip (2) and in heel (3).

A la figure 4, on distingue la semelle (1), de préférence en polyéthylène de largeur (L) ; bordée de chaque côté par les carres latérales (4) métalliques. La semelle comprend une partie avant (5) faiblement striée et une partie arrière (6) fortement striée.In Figure 4, there are the sole (1), preferably of polyethylene of width (L); bordered on each side by the metal side edges (4). The sole includes a slightly striated front part (5) and a strongly striated rear part (6).

La partie arrière (6) est délimitée, d'une part, par la ligne de contact arrière (11) et d'autre part, par une ligne (12) située à une distance (d), en avant de la ligne virtuelle (13) représentant la position du milieu de chaussure indiquée par le constructeur. En tout état de cause, la distance (d) ne peut excéder 0,4 fois la distance (D) séparant la ligne de milieu de chaussure (13) de la ligne de contact avant (10).The rear part (6) is delimited, on the one hand, by the rear contact line (11) and on the other hand, by a line (12) located at a distance (d), in front of the virtual line ( 13) representing the position of the middle of the shoe indicated by the manufacturer. In any event, the distance (d) may not exceed 0.4 times the distance (D) separating the mid-shoe line (13) from the front contact line (10).

La partie avant (5) est adjacente à la partie arrière (6) et s'étend en avant de celle-ci, à partir de la ligne (12) jusqu'à la ligne de contact avant (10).The front part (5) is adjacent to the rear part (6) and extends in front of the latter, from the line (12) to the front contact line (10).

La figure 4a montre en vue agrandie, un exemple de structuration selon l'invention. Il peut s'agir d'une multitude de stries (60) courtes, rectilignes, discontinues et disposées en rangées imbriquées les unes dans les autres.FIG. 4a shows in enlarged view, an example of structuring according to the invention. It can be a multitude of short, straight, discontinuous streaks (60) arranged in rows nested one inside the other.

Dans la partie avant (5), la structuration est plus superficielle et les stries (50) sont plus espacées, plus courtes, moins profondes et moins larges que celles de la partie arrière (figure 4a).In the front part (5), the structure is more superficial and the ridges (50) are more spaced, shorter, less deep and less wide than those of the rear part (Figure 4a).

La structuration pourrait aussi être quasi-inexistante et la surface aussi lisse que possible dans cette partie :The structure could also be almost non-existent and the surface as smooth as possible in this part:

Lors d'essais sur neige, la demanderesse a remarqué que les caractéristiques de surface suivantes de la partie arrière apportaient des résultats satisfaisants sur neige :

  • profondeur des stries : comprise entre 0,02 mm et 0,08 mm ;
  • longueur des stries : comprise entre 10 mm et 60 mm ;
  • largeur des stries : comprise entre 0,1 mm et 0,3 mm ;
  • motif : rangées imbriquées ;
  • coefficient Rtm : compris entre 20 µm et 80 µm.
  • coefficient Rku compris entre 5 et 35.
During tests on snow, the Applicant has noticed that the following surface characteristics of the rear part bring satisfactory results on snow:
  • streak depth: between 0.02 mm and 0.08 mm;
  • length of the streaks: between 10 mm and 60 mm;
  • width of the streaks: between 0.1 mm and 0.3 mm;
  • pattern: nested rows;
  • coefficient Rtm: between 20 µm and 80 µm.
  • coefficient Rku between 5 and 35.

La figure 5 illustre une variante de l'invention dans laquelle la partie arrière (6) comprend une zone centrale (600) de largeur (l1) fortement structurée et, de part et d'autre de ladite zone, des bords latéraux (61, 62) de largeur (l2), lisses ou peu structurés.FIG. 5 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the rear part (6) comprises a central zone (600) of width (11) which is highly structured and, on either side of said zone, lateral edges (61, 62) wide (l2), smooth or poorly structured.

La zone centrale (600) est de largeur (l1) constante sur toute la longueur de la partie arrière (6). Les bords latéraux (61, 62) constituent les surfaces de glisse en courbe du ski où est exercée une pression importante. Une trop forte structuration dans ces zones risquerait de jouer en défaveur des propriétés de pivotement du ski. Selon l'invention, la largeur (l2) de chaque bord (61, 62) est comprise entre 0,03 L et 0,3 L. En tout cas, la largeur (l1) de la zone centrale est toujours supérieure ou égale à 0,45 x L.The central zone (600) is of constant width (11) over the entire length of the rear part (6). The lateral edges (61, 62) constitute the sliding surfaces in the curve of the ski where great pressure is exerted. Too much structuring in these areas would risk playing against the pivoting properties of the ski. According to the invention, the width (l2) of each edge (61, 62) is between 0.03 L and 0.3 L. In any case, the width (l1) of the central zone is always greater than or equal to 0.45 x L.

Les figures 6 et 7 illustrent un exemple avantageux permettant de réaliser la structuration de la semelle d'un ski selon l'invention et plus particulièrement dans le cas où l'on désire obtenir une largeur (l1) constante de la zone centrale (600) de la surface inférieure conférant une largeur (l2) variable des bords latéraux (61, 62).FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate an advantageous example allowing the structuring of the sole of a ski according to the invention and more particularly in the case where it is desired to obtain a constant width (l1) of the central zone (600) of the lower surface giving a variable width (12) of the lateral edges (61, 62).

Pour cela, on utilise un dispositif comprenant un outil chauffé (8) ayant la forme d'un rouleau et qui présente sur sa surface un motif en relief à largeur (l) constante de bords, comprenant une pluralité de nervures discontinues (80). La surface du rouleau est appliquée, sous pression, contre la surface de la semelle (1) du ski à préparer, en opérant un défilement longitudinal du ski entre plusieurs patins de guidage (9). On peut aussi prévoir une immobilisation du ski et le défilement de l'outil par rapport au ski, comme moyen tout à fait équivalent. Selon la nature de la matière constituant la semelle et les dimensions des stries à réaliser ; on adapte sans difficultés particulières les conditions de pression et de température, afin d'obtenir des résultats satisfaisants et reproductibles.For this, use is made of a device comprising a heated tool (8) in the form of a roller and which has on its surface an embossed pattern with constant width (l) of edges, comprising a plurality of discontinuous ribs (80). The surface of the roller is applied, under pressure, against the surface of the sole (1) of the ski to be prepared, by making the ski run longitudinally between several skids of guide (9). One can also provide for immobilization of the ski and the movement of the tool relative to the ski, as a completely equivalent means. Depending on the nature of the material constituting the sole and the dimensions of the streaks to be produced; pressure and temperature conditions are adapted without particular difficulties, in order to obtain satisfactory and reproducible results.

A titre d'exemple non limitatif, pour une semelle de type PEHD et dans le cas de la réalisation de stries selon les caractéristiques données précédemment à titre d'exemple, il est préférable de travailler à une température comprise entre 80 et 120° C, et faire exercer une pression sur la surface de la semelle par l'outil tournant (8).By way of nonlimiting example, for a HDPE type sole and in the case of the production of ridges according to the characteristics given above by way of example, it is preferable to work at a temperature of between 80 and 120 ° C., and apply pressure to the surface of the sole by the rotating tool (8).

Dans un tel procédé, il n'est pas nécessaire d'effectuer plusieurs passages de l'outil sur la surface. En revanche, il n'est pas exclus de retravailler la surface par un procédé de finition permettant de réaliser une microstructuration sur l'ensemble de la semelle, tels que par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier, comme par meulage à la pierre, par exemple.In such a process, it is not necessary to make several passes of the tool on the surface. On the other hand, it is not excluded to rework the surface by a finishing process making it possible to carry out a microstructuring on the whole of the sole, such as by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, such as by grinding with the stone, for example.

Dans le cas de la figure 8, la structuration présente un gradient de rugosité tel que les paramètres mesurés Rtm et Rku diminuent progressivement, à partir de la ligne de contact arrière (11) en direction de la ligne de contact avant (10). Ce gradient peut être obtenu par exemple en faisant diminuer progressivement le nombre de stries et leur dimension (longueur, largeur et profondeur), à partir de la ligne arrière (11) vers la ligne avant (10).In the case of FIG. 8, the structure has a roughness gradient such that the measured parameters Rtm and Rku decrease progressively, from the rear contact line (11) in the direction of the front contact line (10). This gradient can be obtained for example by gradually decreasing the number of streaks and their dimension (length, width and depth), from the rear line (11) to the front line (10).

On peut convenir que sur certaines portions courtes de la longueur ΔL de la surface inférieure, les valeurs Rtm et Rku puissent être sensiblement constantes. Ainsi, on peut avantageusement prévoir que la progression croissante des valeurs Rtm et Rku se fasse par paliers, c'est-à-dire par une suite de portions courtes adjacentes dans lesquelles les valeurs Rtm et Rku sont sensiblement constantes mais varient d'une portion adjacente à l'autre.It can be agreed that over certain short portions of the length ΔL of the lower surface, the values Rtm and Rku can be substantially constant. Thus, it can advantageously be provided that the increasing progression of the values Rtm and Rku takes place in stages, that is to say by a series of adjacent short portions in which the values Rtm and Rku are substantially constant but vary by a portion adjacent to each other.

Les figures 9 à 11 présentent des exemples non limitatifs de positionnement des stries sur la surface de glisse selon l'invention. Parmi les stries garnissant la surface, on peut avoir :

  • des stries (60) parallèles et disposées en rangées séparées, orientées longitudinalement (figure 9) ;
  • des stries parallèles imbriquées, orientées longitudinalement (figure 10) ;
  • des stries parallèles orientées longitudinalement (60a) et d'autres inclinées (60b) (figure 11).
Figures 9 to 11 show non-limiting examples of positioning of the ridges on the sliding surface according to the invention. Among the streaks lining the surface, we can have:
  • parallel ridges (60) arranged in separate rows, oriented longitudinally (Figure 9);
  • nested parallel grooves, oriented longitudinally (Figure 10);
  • parallel longitudinally oriented ridges (60a) and other inclined ones (60b) (Figure 11).

La longueur des stries peut varier, en général, entre 4 mm et 50 mm selon le type de neige et le type de ski utilisé.The length of the ridges can vary, in general, between 4 mm and 50 mm depending on the type of snow and the type of ski used.

Le revêtement utilisé pour constituer la semelle du ski est choisi parmi les polyéthylènes frittés ou extrudés. Le polyéthylène peut contenir une charge en graphite plus ou moins importante (généralement autour de 15% environ).The coating used to constitute the ski sole is chosen from sintered or extruded polyethylenes. The polyethylene may contain a more or less significant graphite filler (generally around 15% approximately).

Selon l'invention, un matériau unique permet de constituer la semelle du ski.According to the invention, a single material makes it possible to constitute the sole of the ski.

Bien entendu, l'invention ne saurait être seulement limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés, mais elle comprend également tous les équivalents techniques ainsi que leurs combinaisons pouvant être compris dans le cadre des revendications qui suivent.Of course, the invention cannot be limited only to the embodiments described and shown, but it also includes all the technical equivalents as well as their combinations which can be understood within the scope of the claims which follow.

Claims (13)

  1. Ski for moving over snow comprising a lower gliding surface (1) made of a plastic material, provided with a plurality of discontinuous serrations (50, 60); said surface resting on a front contact line (10) and a rear contact line (11) when the ski does not carry a load, characterized in that the surface (1) comprises a front portion (5) that is smooth or lightly structured and a strongly structured rear portion (6) whose measured roughness parameter value Rtm is greater than the value measured in the front portion; said rear portion (6) extending towards the rear of the ski in the direction of the rear contact line (11); from a transverse line (12) located between the boot center line (13) and a transverse line located at a distance (d) from the boot center line (13) equal to 0.4 times the distance (D) separating said line (13) from the front contact line (10).
  2. Ski according to claim 1, characterized in that the measured Rtm value is less than or equal to 15 µm in the front portion (5) and is greater than 15 µm in the rear portion (6) of the gliding surface (1).
  3. Ski according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the strongly structured rear portion (6) of the gliding surface (1) extends rearwardly, at least up to the rear contact line (11) of said surface.
  4. Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear portion (6) subject to the pronounced structuring starts from a line (12) located at a distance (d) comprised between 0.2 and 0.4 times the distance (D) separating the boot center line (13) from the front contact line (10).
  5. Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear portion (6) has such a structuring that the roughness value Rtm is greater than 15 µm over a central zone (600) having a width (l1) only from the width (L) of the lower surface (1); said rear portion comprising on both sides of said central zone (600), edges (61, 62) of width (l2) that are smooth or lightly structured and whose measured roughness value Rtm is less than 15 µm and the roughness value Rku < 3.
  6. Ski according to claim 5, characterized in that the width (12) of the edges (61, 62) is comprised between 0.03 L and 0,3 L; it being understood that the width (l1) of the central zone (60) is greater than or equal to 0.45 L.
  7. Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rear portion (6) is of a width (l1) that is constant along the lower surface (1).
  8. Ski according to claim 7, characterized in that the structuring of the rear portion (6) is obtained by passing a heated and pressurized tool (8) over the lower surface (1); said tool (8) having the shape of a roller comprising a raised design of a constant edge width (1) on the surface of which a plurality of discontinuous ribs (80) are formed.
  9. Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the strongly structured rear portion (6) comprises a plurality of short, rectilinear and discontinuous serrations (60), arranged in separate or meshed rows.
  10. Ski according to claim 9, characterized in that a majority, at least, of the serrations (60) are oriented along the longitudinal axis of the ski.
  11. Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structuring of the rear portion (6) at least has such a roughness gradient that the measured Rtm value and the measured Rku value decrease progressively, from the rear contact line (11) in the direction of the front contact line (10).
  12. Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the structuring of the rear portion (6) has such a roughness gradient, along the width (L) of the lower surface, that the measured Rtm and Rku values increase progressively from the lateral running edges (4) towards the longitudinal axis, at least over a significant portion of the width of the lower surface; it being understood that the roughness (Rtm, Rku) can remain substantially constant over small width portions.
  13. Ski according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gliding surface (1) is constituted by a coating having the same chemical properties and the same hardness over the entire length of the ski.
EP94116598A 1993-12-09 1994-10-21 Ski with a profiled sole Expired - Lifetime EP0659454B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9315019 1993-12-09
FR9315019A FR2713498B1 (en) 1993-12-09 1993-12-09 Ski comprising a sole structured as a function of the pressure distribution on said ski.

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EP0659454A1 EP0659454A1 (en) 1995-06-28
EP0659454B1 true EP0659454B1 (en) 1997-08-13

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EP (1) EP0659454B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07194760A (en)
AT (1) ATE156718T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69404961T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2713498B1 (en)

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DE69404961D1 (en) 1997-09-18
EP0659454A1 (en) 1995-06-28
FR2713498B1 (en) 1996-01-19
FR2713498A1 (en) 1995-06-16
ATE156718T1 (en) 1997-08-15
US5725237A (en) 1998-03-10
DE69404961T2 (en) 1998-03-19
JPH07194760A (en) 1995-08-01

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