EP0659219B1 - Cellulose fibres - Google Patents

Cellulose fibres Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0659219B1
EP0659219B1 EP94921517A EP94921517A EP0659219B1 EP 0659219 B1 EP0659219 B1 EP 0659219B1 EP 94921517 A EP94921517 A EP 94921517A EP 94921517 A EP94921517 A EP 94921517A EP 0659219 B1 EP0659219 B1 EP 0659219B1
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Prior art keywords
air gap
air
spinning
cellulose
pct
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0659219A1 (en
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Hartmut Rüf
Markus Eibl
Raimund Jurkovic
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Lenzing AG
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Lenzing AG
Chemiefaser Lenzing AG
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Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/28Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D01F6/30Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds comprising olefins as the major constituent
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/06Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007Addition polymers
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/016Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the fineness
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to cellulose fibers and to a process for the production of cellulose fibers, a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide being extruded through spinning holes in a spinneret and the extruded filaments being passed through an air gap with delay into a precipitation bath.
  • N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide is used as the solvent.
  • NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
  • Fibrillation is understood to mean breaking open the fiber in the longitudinal direction under mechanical stress in the wet state, as a result of which the fiber is given a hairy, furry appearance.
  • a fabric made and dyed from these fibers loses its color intensity over the course of a few washes.
  • the cause of the fibrillation is assumed to be that the fiber consists of fibrils arranged in the direction of the fibers, between which there is only a small amount of cross-connection.
  • WO 92/14871 describes a method for producing a fiber with a reduced tendency to fibrillation. This is achieved in that all baths with which the fiber comes into contact before the first drying have a pH of maximum 8.5.
  • WO 92/07124 also describes a method for producing a fiber with a reduced tendency to fibrillation, according to which the undried fiber is treated with a cationic polymer.
  • a polymer with imidazole and azetidine groups is mentioned as such a polymer.
  • treatment with an emulsifiable polymer e.g. Polyethylene or polyvinyl acetate, or crosslinking with glyoxal.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the structure of the cellulose fiber can be influenced so favorably by setting the spinning parameters that a less fibrillating fiber is formed.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the method is carried out in such a way that the mathematical expression results in a maximum of 5.
  • the overall parameters titer, spinning mass emissions per nozzle hole, air gap width and moisture in the air gap are related in terms of their effect on the fibrillation behavior of the fibers via the above mathematical expression, that is, a change in a parameter which has a negative effect on fibrillation can be achieved by appropriate adaptation one or more other parameters can be compensated.
  • This naturally results Limits due to economic or technical circumstances, for example a spinning mass throughput of 0.01 g / hole / min offers excellent conditions for spinning a low-fibrillation fiber, but is unfavorable for economic reasons. A spinning mass throughput of 0.025 to 0.05 g / hole / min is therefore preferred.
  • the humidity of the air in the air gap the humidity of the normal indoor climate is sufficient for nozzles with a small diameter of the spinning holes or the lowest spinning mass throughput, while for higher throughputs or for the more easily spinnable nozzles an air humidity between 20 and 30 g is sufficient Water / kg air is preferred.
  • the temperature in the air gap is chosen so that on the one hand the dew point is not fallen below, i.e. that no water condenses in the air gap and on the other hand that there are no difficulties in spinning due to the temperature being too high. Values between 10 and 60 ° C can be set, with temperatures between 20 and 40 ° C being preferred.
  • All known cellulosic spinning materials can be processed by the process according to the invention. So these spinning masses can contain between 5 and 25% cellulose. However, cellulose contents between 10 and 18% are preferred. Hard or softwood can be used as the raw material for pulp production, and the degrees of polymerization of the pulp (s) can be in the range of commercially available products. However, it has been shown that the spinning behavior is better with a higher molecular weight of the pulp is. Depending on the degree of polymerization of the pulp or solution concentration, the spinning temperature can be between 75 and 140 ° C. and can be optimized in a simple manner for each pulp or for each concentration.
  • the warping in the air gap depends on the diameter of the nozzle hole and the concentration of cellulose in the solution when the titer of the fibers is fixed. In the range of the preferred cellulose concentration, however, no influence of this on the fibrillation obsolescence could be determined as long as one is in the area of the optimal spinning temperature.
  • the friction of the fibers against one another during washing processes or during finishing processes in the wet state was simulated by the following test: 8 fibers were placed in a 20 ml sample vial with 4 ml water and in a laboratory shaker type RO-10 from Gerhardt for 3 hours, Bonn (FRG) shaken at level 12. The fibrillation behavior of the fibers was then assessed under the microscope by counting the number of fibrils per 0.276 mm fiber length.
  • a melt index device from Davenport used in plastics processing was used as the spinning apparatus. This device consists of a heated, temperature-controlled cylinder into which the spinning mass is poured. The spinning mass is extruded through the spinneret attached to the underside of the cylinder by means of a piston which is loaded with a weight. This process is called dry / wet spinning because the extruded filament is immersed in a spinning bath after passing through an air gap.
  • the table shows the diameter of the spinning hole in ⁇ m, the output in g of spinning mass / hole / min, the titer in dtex, the air gap in mm and the moisture in g H2O / kg of air.
  • the number given under "Fibrils" is an average of several results. Examples 4, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 25, 27 and 29 are comparative examples. All other examples are according to the invention and, when the corresponding parameters are inserted in the empirically found mathematical expression, give a number less than 10.
  • the table shows that the cellulose fibers according to the invention have remarkably fewer fibrils than the comparison fibers in the test.
  • Examples 30, 31, 33, 35, 36 and 38 do not meet the mathematical expression used according to the invention and represent comparative examples.
  • the table shows that these fibers have an increased number of fibrils (more than 10 fibrils per 276 ⁇ m fiber length).
  • Table 3 shows characteristic fiber data for the fibers shown in Table 2.
  • Table 3 Example No. Fiber strength cond. cN / tex Fiber elongation cond. % Fiber strength wet cN / tex Fiber stretch wet% 30 (V) 46.1 10.5 33.8 14.2 31 (V) 50 11.3 41.4 14 32 31.9 17.7 27.5 24.5 33 (V) 34.3 15.2 29.1 23.5 34 28.8 16.5 24.5 21.8 35 (V) 34.1 14.8 29.3 19.8 36 (V) 33.3 16.3 30.5 18.8 37 29.4 17.2 23.9 21.3 38 (V) 30.4 11.8 22.5 14.3 39 25.6 15.6 19.5 22.5 40 24.6 14.8 18.2 21.4 41 28.5 15.8 24.2 20.9
  • Table 4 shows a significant reduction in the number of fibrils as soon as an air gap of about 25-30 mm is exceeded.

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/AT94/00087 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 4, 1995 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 4, 1995 PCT Filed Jul. 8, 1994 PCT Pub. No. WO95/02082 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 19, 1995Disclosed is a process for producing cellulose fibers having a decreased tendency to fibrillate. The process comprises the steps of extruding a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine-oxide through spinning holes of a spinneret to form cellulose filaments, conducting the extruded cellulose filaments across an air gap of greater than 30 mm, and introducing the cellulose filaments into a precipitation bath. The process is carried out in a way that the mathematical expression 51.4+0.033xD+1937xM2 -7.18xT-0.094xL-2.50xF+0.045xF2, does not exceed the number 10. In the mathematical expression, D is the spinning hole diameter in mu m, M is the dope output per hole in g/min, T is the titer of the individual filament in dtex, L is the length of the air gap in mm and F is the humidity of the air in the air gap in g of water/kg of air.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Cellulosefasern, sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Cellulosefasern, wobei eine Lösung von Cellulose in einem tertiären Aminoxid durch Spinnlöcher einer Spinndüse extrudiert und die extrudierten Filamente über einen Luftspalt unter Verzug in ein Fällbad geführt werden.The present invention relates to cellulose fibers and to a process for the production of cellulose fibers, a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine oxide being extruded through spinning holes in a spinneret and the extruded filaments being passed through an air gap with delay into a precipitation bath.

Als Alternative zum Viskoseverfahren wurden in den letzten Jahren eine Reihe von Verfahren beschrieben, bei denen Cellulose ohne Bildung eines Derivats in einem organischen Lösungsmittel, einer Kombination eines organischen Lösungsmittels mit einem anorganischen Salz oder in wässerigen Salzlösungen gelöst wird. Cellulosefasern, die aus solchen Lösungen hergestellt werden, erhielten von der BISFA (The International Bureau for the Standardisation of man made Fibres) den Gattungsnamen Lyocell zugeteilt. Als Lyocell wird von der BISFA eine Cellulosefaser definiert, die durch ein Spinnverfahren aus einem organischen Lösungsmittel erhalten wird. Unter "organisches Lösungsmittel" wird von der BISFA ein Gemisch aus einer organischen Chemikalie und Wasser verstanden. "Lösungsmittelspinnen" soll Auflösen und Spinnen ohne Derivatisierung bedeuten.As an alternative to the viscose process, a number of processes have been described in recent years in which cellulose is dissolved in an organic solvent, a combination of an organic solvent with an inorganic salt or in aqueous salt solutions without the formation of a derivative. Cellulose fibers made from such solutions were given the generic name Lyocell by BISFA (The International Bureau for the Standardization of man made Fibers). BISFA defines a cellulose fiber as Lyocell, which is obtained from an organic solvent by a spinning process. BISFA understands "organic solvent" as a mixture of an organic chemical and water. "Solvent spinning" is intended to mean dissolving and spinning without derivatization.

Bis heute hat sich jedoch nur ein einziges Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Cellulosefaser der Gattung Lyocell bis zur industriellen Realisierung durchgesetzt. Bei diesem Verfahren wird als Lösungsmittel N-Methylmorpholin-N-oxid (NMMO) verwendet. Ein solches Verfahren ist z.B. in der US-A-4,246,221 beschrieben und liefert Fasern, die sich durch eine hohe Festigkeit, einen hohen Naßmodul und durch eine hohe Schlingenfestigkeit auszeichnen.To date, however, only a single process for the production of a cellulose fiber of the Lyocell type has prevailed until industrial implementation. In this process, N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) is used as the solvent. Such a method is described, for example, in US Pat. No. 4,246,221 and provides fibers which are distinguished by a high strength, a high wet modulus and by a high loop strength.

Die Brauchbarkeit von Flächengebilden, z.B Geweben, hergestellt aus den genannten Fasern, wird jedoch durch die ausgeprägte Neigung der Fasern, im nassen Zustand zu fibrillieren, stark eingeschränkt. Unter Fibrillation wird das Aufbrechen der Faser in Längsrichtung bei mechanischer Beanspruchung im nassen Zustand verstanden, wodurch die Faser ein haariges, pelziges Aussehen erhält. Ein aus diesen Fasern hergestelltes und gefärbtes Gewebe verliert im Laufe einiger Wäschen stark an Farbintensität. Dazu kommt noch, daß sich an Scheuer- und Knitterkanten helle Streifen ausbilden. Als Ursache für die Fibrillation wird angenommen, daß die Faser aus in Faserrichtung angeordneten Fibrillen besteht, zwischen denen nur in geringem Ausmaß eine Querverbindung vorhanden ist.However, the usability of fabrics, e.g. fabrics made from the fibers mentioned, is severely limited by the pronounced tendency of the fibers to fibrillate when wet. Fibrillation is understood to mean breaking open the fiber in the longitudinal direction under mechanical stress in the wet state, as a result of which the fiber is given a hairy, furry appearance. A fabric made and dyed from these fibers loses its color intensity over the course of a few washes. In addition, there are bright stripes on the scuffed and crease edges. The cause of the fibrillation is assumed to be that the fiber consists of fibrils arranged in the direction of the fibers, between which there is only a small amount of cross-connection.

Die WO 92/14871 beschreibt ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faser mit verringerter Fibrillierneigung. Diese wird erzielt, indem alle Bäder, mit denen die Faser vor der ersten Trocknung in Berührung kommt, einen pH-Wert von maximal 8,5 aufweisen.WO 92/14871 describes a method for producing a fiber with a reduced tendency to fibrillation. This is achieved in that all baths with which the fiber comes into contact before the first drying have a pH of maximum 8.5.

Die WO 92/07124 beschreibt ebenfalls ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Faser mit verringerter Fibrillierneigung, gemäß dem die nicht getrocknete Faser mit einem kationischen Polymer behandelt wird. Als derartiges Polymer wird ein Polymer mit Imidazol- und Azetidin-Gruppen genannt. Zusätzlich kann noch eine Behandlung mit einem emulgierbaren Polymer, wie z.B. Polyethylen oder Polyvinylacetat, oder auch eine Vernetzung mit Glyoxal erfolgen.WO 92/07124 also describes a method for producing a fiber with a reduced tendency to fibrillation, according to which the undried fiber is treated with a cationic polymer. A polymer with imidazole and azetidine groups is mentioned as such a polymer. In addition, treatment with an emulsifiable polymer, e.g. Polyethylene or polyvinyl acetate, or crosslinking with glyoxal.

In einem bei der CELLUCON-Konferenz 1993 in Lund, Schweden, von S. Mortimer gehaltenen Vortrag wurde erwähnt, daß die Fibrillationsneigung mit zunehmender Verstreckung ansteigt.In a lecture given by S. Mortimer at the 1993 CELLUCON conference in Lund, Sweden, it was mentioned that the tendency to fibrillation increased with increasing stretching.

Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die bekannten Cellulosefasern der Gattung Lyocell hinsichtlich Fibrillationsneigung noch zu wünschen übrig lassen, und die vorliegende Erfindung stellt sich somit die Aufgabe, eine Cellulosefaser der Gattung Lyocell zur Verfügung zu stellen, die eine weiter verringerte Fibrillationsneigung besitzt.It has been shown that the known cellulose fibers of the Lyocell genus still leave something to be desired with regard to the tendency to fibrillation, and the present invention provides the task is to provide a cellulose fiber of the Lyocell genus, which has a further reduced tendency to fibrillation.

Dieses Ziel wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art dadurch erreicht, daß Verfahren so durchgeführt wird, daß der mathematische Ausdruck 51,4 + 0,033xD + 1937xM 2 - 7,18xT - 0,094xL - 2,50xF + 0,045xF 2

Figure imgb0001
worin D der Spinnlochdurchmesser in µm, M der Spinnmasseausstoß pro Loch in g/min, T der Titer des einzelnen Filamentes in dtex, L die Breite des Luftspaltes in mm und F die Feuchte der Luft im Luftspalt in g Wasser/kg Luft ist, maximal die Zahl 10 ergibt, mit der Maßgabe, daß die Breite des Luftspaltes größer als 30 mm vorgesehen wird.This goal is achieved in a method of the type described in the introduction in that methods are carried out in such a way that the mathematical expression 51.4 + 0.033xD + 1937xM 2nd - 7.18xT - 0.094xL - 2.50xF + 0.045xF 2nd
Figure imgb0001
where D is the spinning hole diameter in µm, M is the spinning mass output per hole in g / min, T is the titer of the individual filament in dtex, L is the width of the air gap in mm and F is the humidity of the air in the air gap in g of water / kg of air, maximum the number 10 results, with the proviso that the width of the air gap is provided to be greater than 30 mm.

Die Erfindung beruht auf der Erkenntnis, daß über die Einstellung der Spinnparameter die Struktur der Cellulosefaser derart günstig beeinflußt werden kann, daß eine wenig fibrillierende Faser gebildet wird.The invention is based on the knowledge that the structure of the cellulose fiber can be influenced so favorably by setting the spinning parameters that a less fibrillating fiber is formed.

Eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens besteht darin, daß das Verfahren so durchgeführt wird, daß der mathematische Ausdruck maximal die Zahl 5 ergibt.A preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the method is carried out in such a way that the mathematical expression results in a maximum of 5.

Die sich in Summe ergebenden Parameter Titer, Spinnmasseausstoß pro Düsenloch, Luftspaltbreite und Feuchtigkeit im Luftspalt sind hinsichtlich ihrer Auswirkung auf das Fibrillationsverhalten der Fasern über den obigen mathematischen Ausdruck verbunden, das heißt, eine sich auf die Fibrillation negativ auswirkende Änderung eines Parameters kann durch zweckmäßige Anpassung eines oder mehrerer anderer Parameter kompensiert werden. Dabei ergeben sich naturgemäß Grenzen durch wirtschaftliche oder technische Gegebenheiten, z.B. bietet ein Spinnmassedurchsatz von 0,01 g/Loch/min zwar hervorragende Voraussetzungen zum Erspinnen einer fibrillationsarmen Faser, ist aber aus wirtschaftlichen Überlegungen ungünstig. Es wird deshalb ein Spinnmassedurchsatz von 0,025 bis 0,05 g/Loch/min bevorzugt.The overall parameters titer, spinning mass emissions per nozzle hole, air gap width and moisture in the air gap are related in terms of their effect on the fibrillation behavior of the fibers via the above mathematical expression, that is, a change in a parameter which has a negative effect on fibrillation can be achieved by appropriate adaptation one or more other parameters can be compensated. This naturally results Limits due to economic or technical circumstances, for example a spinning mass throughput of 0.01 g / hole / min offers excellent conditions for spinning a low-fibrillation fiber, but is unfavorable for economic reasons. A spinning mass throughput of 0.025 to 0.05 g / hole / min is therefore preferred.

Es hat sich weiters gezeigt, daß sich große Luftspaltbreiten positiv auf das Fibrillationsverhalten auswirken, daß dies jedoch bei den bei Stapelfaserdüsen verwendeten kleinen Loch/Loch-Abständen relativ schnell zum Auftreten von Spinnfehlern führt. Bevorzugt ist daher eine Luftspaltbreite von kleiner als 100 mm.It has also been shown that large air gap widths have a positive effect on the fibrillation behavior, but that this leads to the occurrence of spinning defects relatively quickly in the small hole / hole spacings used in staple fiber nozzles. An air gap width of less than 100 mm is therefore preferred.

Hinsichtlich der Feuchte der Luft im Luftspalt genügt bei Düsen mit kleinem Durchmesser der Spinnlöcher bzw. niedrigstem Spinnmassedurchsatz die Feuchte des normalen Raumklimas, während für höhere Durchsätze bzw. für die leichter spinnbaren Düsen im Bereich von 70 bis 130 µm eine Luftfeuchte zwischen 20 bis 30 g Wasser/kg Luft bevorzugt ist. Die Temperatur im Luftspalt wird so gewählt, daß einerseits der Taupunkt nicht unterschritten wird, d.h., daß kein Wasser im Luftspalt kondensiert, und daß andererseits nicht infolge zu hoher Temperatur Spinnschwierigkeiten auftreten. Es können Werte zwischen 10 und 60°C eingestellt werden, wobei Temperaturen zwischen 20 und 40°C bevorzugt sind.With regard to the humidity of the air in the air gap, the humidity of the normal indoor climate is sufficient for nozzles with a small diameter of the spinning holes or the lowest spinning mass throughput, while for higher throughputs or for the more easily spinnable nozzles an air humidity between 20 and 30 g is sufficient Water / kg air is preferred. The temperature in the air gap is chosen so that on the one hand the dew point is not fallen below, i.e. that no water condenses in the air gap and on the other hand that there are no difficulties in spinning due to the temperature being too high. Values between 10 and 60 ° C can be set, with temperatures between 20 and 40 ° C being preferred.

Nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können alle bekannten cellulosischen Spinnmassen verarbeitet werden. So können diese Spinnmassen zwischen 5 und 25 % Cellulose enthalten. Bevorzugt sind jedoch Cellulosegehalte zwischen 10 und 18 %. Als Rohstoff zur Zellstofferzeugung kann Hart- oder Weichholz eingesetzt werden, wobei die Polymerisationsgrade des/der Zellstoffe im Bereich der technisch gängigen Handelsprodukte liegen können. Es hat sich jedoch gezeigt, daß bei höherem Molekulargewicht des Zellstoffes das Spinnverhalten besser ist. Die Spinntemperatur kann je nach Polymerisationsgrad des Zellstoffes bzw. Lösungskonzentration zwischen 75 und 140°C liegen und kann für jeden Zellstoff bzw. für jede Konzenration auf einfache Weise optimiert werden. Der Verzug im Luftspalt hängt bei festgelegtem Titer der Fasern vom Düsenlochdurchmesser und von der Cellulosekonzentration der Lösung ab. Im Bereich der bevorzugten Cellulosekonzentration konnte jedoch kein Einfluß dieser auf das Fibrillationsveralten festgestellt werden, solange man sich im Gebiet der optimalen Spinntemperatur befindet.All known cellulosic spinning materials can be processed by the process according to the invention. So these spinning masses can contain between 5 and 25% cellulose. However, cellulose contents between 10 and 18% are preferred. Hard or softwood can be used as the raw material for pulp production, and the degrees of polymerization of the pulp (s) can be in the range of commercially available products. However, it has been shown that the spinning behavior is better with a higher molecular weight of the pulp is. Depending on the degree of polymerization of the pulp or solution concentration, the spinning temperature can be between 75 and 140 ° C. and can be optimized in a simple manner for each pulp or for each concentration. The warping in the air gap depends on the diameter of the nozzle hole and the concentration of cellulose in the solution when the titer of the fibers is fixed. In the range of the preferred cellulose concentration, however, no influence of this on the fibrillation obsolescence could be determined as long as one is in the area of the optimal spinning temperature.

Nachfolgend werden die Prüfverfahren und bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung näher beschrieben.The test methods and preferred embodiments of the invention are described in more detail below.

FibrillationsbeurteilungFibrillation assessment

Die Reibung der Fasern aneinander bei Waschvorgängen bzw. bei Ausrüstvorgängen im nassen Zustand wurde durch folgenden Test simuliert: 8 Fasern wurden mit 4 ml Wasser in ein 20 ml Probenfläschchen gegeben und während 3 Stunden in einem Laborschüttelgerät der Type RO-10 der Fa. Gerhardt, Bonn (BRD) auf Stufe 12 geschüttelt. Das Fibrillierverhalten der Fasern wurde danach unter dem Mikroskop mittels Auszählen der Anzahl der Fibrillen pro 0,276 mm Faserlänge beurteilt.The friction of the fibers against one another during washing processes or during finishing processes in the wet state was simulated by the following test: 8 fibers were placed in a 20 ml sample vial with 4 ml water and in a laboratory shaker type RO-10 from Gerhardt for 3 hours, Bonn (FRG) shaken at level 12. The fibrillation behavior of the fibers was then assessed under the microscope by counting the number of fibrils per 0.276 mm fiber length.

Textile DatenTextile data

Festigkeit und Dehnung konditioniert wurden nach der BISFA-Vorschrift "Internationally agreed methods for testing viscose, modal, cupro, lyocell, acetat and triacetate staple fibres and tows", Ausgabe 1993, geprüft.Strength and elongation were tested according to the BISFA regulation "Internationally agreed methods for testing viscose, modal, cupro, lyocell, acetate and triacetate staple fibers and tows", edition 1993.

Beispiele 1-29Examples 1-29

Es wurde eine 12 %ige Spinnlösung von Sulfit- und SulfatZellstoff (12 % Wasser, 76 % NNMO) mit einer Temperatur von 115°C versponnen. Als Spinnapparat wurde ein in der Kunststoffverarbeitung gebräuchliches Schmelzindexgerät der Firma Davenport verwendet. Dieses Gerät besteht aus einem beheizten temperaturregelbaren Zylinder, in den die Spinnmasse eingefüllt wird. Mittels eines Kolbens, der mit einem Gewicht belastet wird, wird die Spinnmasse durch die an der Unterseite des Zylinders angebrachte Spinndüse extrudiert. Dieses Verfahren wird als Trocken/Naß-Spinnverfahren bezeichnet, da das extrudierte Filament nach Durchlaufen eines Luftspaltes ein Spinnbad eintaucht.It became a 12% spinning solution of sulfite and sulfate pulp (12% water, 76% NNMO) spun at a temperature of 115 ° C. A melt index device from Davenport used in plastics processing was used as the spinning apparatus. This device consists of a heated, temperature-controlled cylinder into which the spinning mass is poured. The spinning mass is extruded through the spinneret attached to the underside of the cylinder by means of a piston which is loaded with a weight. This process is called dry / wet spinning because the extruded filament is immersed in a spinning bath after passing through an air gap.

Es wurden insgesamt 29 Extrusionsversuche durchgeführt, wobei der Düsendurchmesser, der Spinnmasseausstoß, der Titer des extrudierten Filamentes, die Breite des Luftspaltes und die Feuchte variiert wurden. Die Ergebnisse sind in der Tabelle 1 angegeben. In der Spalte "Fibrillen" ist die durchschnittliche Anzahl der Fibrillen auf einer Faserlänge von 276 µm angegeben.

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
A total of 29 extrusion tests were carried out, the nozzle diameter, the spinning mass output, the titer of the extruded filament, the width of the air gap and the moisture being varied. The results are shown in Table 1. The column "Fibrils" shows the average number of fibrils over a fiber length of 276 µm.
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003

In der Tabelle ist der Durchmesser des Spinnloches in µm, der Ausstoß in g Spinnmasse/Loch/min, der Titer in dtex, der Luftspalt in mm und die Feuchte in g H₂O/kg Luft angegeben. Die unter "Fibrillen" angebene Zahl ist ein Mittelwert aus mehreren Ergebnissen. Die Beispiele 4, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 25, 27 und 29 sind Vergleichsbeispiele. Alle anderen Beispiele sind erfindungsgemäß und ergeben beim Einsetzen der entsprechenden Parameter in den empirisch gefundenen, mathematischen Ausdruck eine Zahl kleiner als 10. Der Tabelle ist zu entnehmen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Cellulosefasern beim Test auffallend weniger Fibrillen aufweisen als die Vergleichsfasern.The table shows the diameter of the spinning hole in µm, the output in g of spinning mass / hole / min, the titer in dtex, the air gap in mm and the moisture in g H₂O / kg of air. The number given under "Fibrils" is an average of several results. Examples 4, 12, 13, 14, 20, 22, 25, 27 and 29 are comparative examples. All other examples are according to the invention and, when the corresponding parameters are inserted in the empirically found mathematical expression, give a number less than 10. The table shows that the cellulose fibers according to the invention have remarkably fewer fibrils than the comparison fibers in the test.

Beispiele 30-41Examples 30-41

Es wurde analog den Bedingungen der Beispiele 1-29 gearbeitet, wobei die Parameter wie angegeben abgeändert wurden. In der Spalte "Fibrillen" ist die durchschnittliche Anzahl der Fibrillen auf einer Faserlänge von 276 µm angegeben. Tabelle 2 Beispiel Nr. Lochdurchmesser Ausstoß Titer Spalt Feuchte Fibrillen 30(V) 130 0,045 1,8 12 5,3 27 31(V) 130 0,045 1,8 12 4,0 43 32 100 0,026 1,7 60 23,5 2,8 33(V) 100 0,025 1,7 45 13,4 16 34 100 0,025 1,7 60 25,4 3,2 35(V) 100 0,025 1,7 30 13,3 15,1 36(V) 100 0,025 1,7 30 12,7 19 37 100 0,025 1,7 60 24,4 1,9 38(V) 100 0,049 1,7 90 0,5 34 39 100 0,049 3,2 90 19,0 0 40 100 0,041 1,8 90 29,0 0,9 41 130 0,025 1,3 90 30,0 3,2 The procedure was analogous to the conditions of Examples 1-29, the parameters being changed as indicated. In the The "Fibrils" column shows the average number of fibrils over a fiber length of 276 µm. Table 2 Example No. Hole diameter Output Titer gap Humidity Fibrils 30 (V) 130 0.045 1.8 12th 5.3 27 31 (V) 130 0.045 1.8 12th 4.0 43 32 100 0.026 1.7 60 23.5 2.8 33 (V) 100 0.025 1.7 45 13.4 16 34 100 0.025 1.7 60 25.4 3.2 35 (V) 100 0.025 1.7 30th 13.3 15.1 36 (V) 100 0.025 1.7 30th 12.7 19th 37 100 0.025 1.7 60 24.4 1.9 38 (V) 100 0.049 1.7 90 0.5 34 39 100 0.049 3.2 90 19.0 0 40 100 0.041 1.8 90 29.0 0.9 41 130 0.025 1.3 90 30.0 3.2

Die Spinnparameter sind in den in der Tabelle 1 angegebenen Einheiten angeführt.The spinning parameters are given in the units shown in Table 1.

Die Beispiele 30, 31, 33, 35, 36 und 38 erfüllen den erfindungsgemäß verwendeten mathematischen Ausdruck nicht und stellen Vergleichsbeispiele dar. Der Tabelle ist zu entnehmen, daß diese Fasern eine erhöhte Fibrillenanzahl aufweisen (mehr als 10 Fibrillen pro 276 µm Faserlänge).Examples 30, 31, 33, 35, 36 and 38 do not meet the mathematical expression used according to the invention and represent comparative examples. The table shows that these fibers have an increased number of fibrils (more than 10 fibrils per 276 μm fiber length).

In der Tabelle 3 sind für die in der Tabelle 2 angebenen Fasern charakteristische Faserdaten zusammengestellt. Tabelle 3 Bsp. Nr. Faserfestigkeit kond. cN/tex Faserdehnung kond. % Faserfestigkeit naß cN/tex Faserdehnung naß % 30(V) 46,1 10,5 33,8 14,2 31(V) 50 11,3 41,4 14 32 31,9 17,7 27,5 24,5 33(V) 34,3 15,2 29,1 23,5 34 28,8 16,5 24,5 21,8 35(V) 34,1 14,8 29,3 19,8 36(V) 33,3 16,3 30,5 18,8 37 29,4 17,2 23,9 21,3 38(V) 30,4 11,8 22,5 14,3 39 25,6 15,6 19,5 22,5 40 24,6 14,8 18,2 21,4 41 28,5 15,8 24,2 20,9 Table 3 shows characteristic fiber data for the fibers shown in Table 2. Table 3 Example No. Fiber strength cond. cN / tex Fiber elongation cond. % Fiber strength wet cN / tex Fiber stretch wet% 30 (V) 46.1 10.5 33.8 14.2 31 (V) 50 11.3 41.4 14 32 31.9 17.7 27.5 24.5 33 (V) 34.3 15.2 29.1 23.5 34 28.8 16.5 24.5 21.8 35 (V) 34.1 14.8 29.3 19.8 36 (V) 33.3 16.3 30.5 18.8 37 29.4 17.2 23.9 21.3 38 (V) 30.4 11.8 22.5 14.3 39 25.6 15.6 19.5 22.5 40 24.6 14.8 18.2 21.4 41 28.5 15.8 24.2 20.9

Beispiele 42 bis 54Examples 42 to 54

Es wurde analog den Bedingungen der Beispiele 1-29 gearbeitet, wobei die Parameter wie angegeben abgeändert wurden. In der Spalte "Fibrillen" der nachfolgenden Tabelle 4 ist die durchschnittliche Anzahl der Fibrillen auf einer Faserlänge von 276 µm angegeben.

Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
The procedure was analogous to the conditions of Examples 1-29, the parameters being changed as indicated. The column "Fibrils" in Table 4 below shows the average number of fibrils over a fiber length of 276 μm.
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005

Die Spinnparameter sind in den in der Tabelle 1 angegebenen Einheiten angeführt.The spinning parameters are given in the units shown in Table 1.

Die Tabelle 4 zeigt eine deutliche Absenkung der Anzahl der Fibrillen, sobald ein Luftspalt von etwa 25-30 mm überschritten wird.Table 4 shows a significant reduction in the number of fibrils as soon as an air gap of about 25-30 mm is exceeded.

Claims (6)

  1. Process for the preparation of cellulose fibres in which a solution of cellulose in a tertiary amine-oxide is extruded through orifices in a spinneret and the extruded filaments are led under tension across an air gap into a precipitation bath, with the proviso that the width of the air gap is greater than 30 mm, characterised in that the process is carried out in such a way that the mathematical expression 51.4 + 0.033xD + 1937xM 2 - 7.18xT - 0.094xL - 2.50xF + 0.045xF 2
    Figure imgb0007
    wherein D is the diameter of the spinning orifice in µm, M is the output of spinning material per orifice in g/min, T is the titre of the individual filaments in dtex, L is the width of the air gap in mm, and F is the humidity of the air in the air gap in g water/kg air
    has a maximum value of 10.
  2. Process in accordance with Claim 1, characterised in that the process is carried out in such a way that the mathematical expression has a maximum value of 5.
  3. Process in accordance with one of Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that the output of spinning material per orifice is between 0.025 and 0.05 g/min.
  4. Process in accordance with one or more of Claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the width of the air gap is less than 100 mm.
  5. Process in accordance with Claims 1 or 2, characterised in that when using a spinneret with orifices whose diameter is between 70 and 130 µm, the humidity of the air in the air gap is maintained between 20 and 30 g water/kg air.
  6. Cellulose fibres of the Lyocell type with reduced tendency to fibrillation obtained in accordance with a process as claimed in Claims 1 to 5.
EP94921517A 1993-07-08 1994-07-08 Cellulose fibres Expired - Lifetime EP0659219B1 (en)

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EP3536831A1 (en) 2018-03-06 2019-09-11 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Lyocell fiber with novel cross section
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