EP0658222A1 - Process for producing soil-repellent and abrasion-resistant monofilaments and their use - Google Patents
Process for producing soil-repellent and abrasion-resistant monofilaments and their useInfo
- Publication number
- EP0658222A1 EP0658222A1 EP94917779A EP94917779A EP0658222A1 EP 0658222 A1 EP0658222 A1 EP 0658222A1 EP 94917779 A EP94917779 A EP 94917779A EP 94917779 A EP94917779 A EP 94917779A EP 0658222 A1 EP0658222 A1 EP 0658222A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- monofilament
- repellent
- abrasion
- soiling
- resistant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/68—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen
- C08G63/695—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing silicon
- C08G63/6954—Polyesters containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen containing silicon derived from polxycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/6956—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
- D01F6/78—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products
- D01F6/84—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products from copolyesters
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
- Y10T428/2967—Synthetic resin or polymer
- Y10T428/2969—Polyamide, polyimide or polyester
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of dirt-repellent and abrasion-resistant monofilaments with a diameter of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, from a linear polyethylene terephthalate / polydialkylsiloxane for the production of screen fabrics, and monofilaments for their use.
- Solid-repellent properties for paper machine screens are understood to mean wet soiling, which also requires resistance to hydrolysis.
- the dirt repellency is intended to extend the cleaning cycles of a sieve, the cleaning work being carried out under a high-pressure water jet and, if necessary, with a brush.
- Dirt-repellent monofilaments are processed into technical fabrics, which are used in the wet section, in the press and dryer sections of a paper machine. Such screens are exposed to moisture and temperatures well above 100 ° C, as well as to increased mechanical stress when cleaning. Pure polyester monofilaments have disadvantages because of their dirtiness, susceptibility to hydrolysis or their relative brittleness. By adding additives in the form of stabilizers, an improvement in the resistance to hydrolysis was achieved. The increase in
- “Abrasion-resistant” monofilaments are understood to mean those monofilaments in which no weight loss measurable in practice and no or only slight fibrillation are found in the fibrillation test.
- copolyesters which are modified with siloxanes are eminently suitable for the abovementioned field of application, since their surface characteristics can be easily modified thanks to better sliding properties and a lower coefficient of friction, which significantly reduces the brittleness and the Dirt repellency is significantly improved.
- the fabric can easily be post-treated.
- Polyester / polydimethylsiloxanes which are either in granular form or are modified by addition immediately before extrusion, have proven to be particularly suitable.
- Polyoxisilanes of the type which are modified polyesters and which are provided as starting material for the use according to the invention are known from US Pat. No. 5,123,392.
- the known chemically modified polymers are used for the production of hydrophilic staple fibers, but should also be able to be used for fabrics made from filament yarns.
- the hydrophilic properties enable moisture to be absorbed quickly and are therefore used primarily in a mixture with cotton and wool.
- yarns with the stated hydrophilic properties are unsuitable in the present form for paper machine screens or fishing lines.
- EP-A-0 269 023 also discloses silicone-modified polyesters which are suitable for producing fibers.
- silicone units are formed in a polyester matrix. These silicone units migrate into air during extrusion and into the outer casing of the filament during stretching. The surface obtained acts like a hydrophobic film.
- the cross-sectional chemical composition is not homogeneous.
- the object of the invention is to provide a dirt-repellent and abrasion-resistant monofilament which is homogeneous in cross-section and which meets the high demands of a technical fabric with regard to its chemical, dirt-repellent, mechanical and abrasion-resistant properties and is used particularly in the paper industry.
- the object is achieved according to the invention in that 0.15-5.0% by weight of polydialkylsiloxane by co-condensation, i.e. during the polycondensation; be built into the chain of the polymer.
- the tenacity of the monofilaments is higher than 36 cN / tex, with an elongation of ⁇ 44%, based on the unstretched filament, the key feature being surprisingly good dirt repellency and low fibrillation.
- the dirt repellency was determined as the soiling index with ⁇ 10 after 5 soiling / washout cycles, compared to> 14 ' for a polyester filament without polydimethylsiloxane.
- polyester which consists of at least 85% by weight of polyethylene terephthalate and a polydialkylsiloxane, the polyethylene
- ERSA ⁇ ZBLA ⁇ (RULE 26 terephthalate / polydialkylsiloxane in the finished monofilament contains 0.05 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight of silicon, based on the polymer, and the homogeneous mixture is extruded into a monofilament. As . It should be emphasized that the monofilament produced has a homogeneous composition over the entire cross section.
- a polyethylene terephthalate which has an intrinsic viscosity of> 0.60 dl / g is suitable.
- copolymers used are preferably difunctional polydiorganosiloxanes of the general formula:
- R1, R2 represent the same or different radicals having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- PDMS Polydimethylsiloxanes
- the silicon content in the monofilament is 0.05 to 2.0% by weight, in particular 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1.0% by weight.
- the polymer is prepared in a known manner by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol and addition of 3.9% by weight of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and manganese acetate in a stirred autoclave at 160 to 230 ° C, the resulting methanol distilling off quantitatively.
- the subsequent polycondensation is carried out in the temperature range from 245 to 285 ° C using an antimony catalyst for 200 min, in a first step under progressive vacuum (1000 -> 50 bar) for 40 min and in a second step in a high vacuum ( ⁇ 1mbar) is condensed.
- the polyethylene terephthalate / polydimethylsiloxane (PET / PDMS) is melted at a temperature of 290 ° C.
- the extrusion takes place via a spinneret with 13 capillaries and a capillary diameter of 1.8 mm with a polymer throughput of 486 g / min.
- the extruded monofilaments are cooled in a water bath at 70 ° C. After cooling, the monofilaments are spin-prepared and stretched to a residual elongation of approximately ⁇ 44%, relaxed and wound up at a speed of 100 m / min.
- the resulting thread has a soiling coefficient after five treatments of less than 10 ( ⁇ 10), has a tensile strength (Ft) of 36.1 cN / tex with an elongation (Dt) of 38.8% at a stretch of 500%, based on the unstretched monofilament.
- Ft tensile strength
- Dt elongation
- PET / PDMS polydimethylsiloxane
- AI - [DL *] / L * 0 x 100
- ERS ⁇ ZBLA ⁇ T (RULE 26) struck against a standardized solid for 10 minutes.
- Example grade 1 > a punch J: requenz [lj / min] 2000 2500 3000 3200
- Example 1 shows the result of the monofilament according to the invention, with no fibrillation at all at 2000 beats per minute, while fibrillation of less than half compared to the prior art occurs at 3200 beats.
- Example 2 shows the result of a "dirt repellent" polyester made with fluoropolymers and the examples
- PET / PDMS monofilaments produced according to the invention are also less stiff than known monofilaments.
- Fig. 1 is a force / strain diagram
- the values of the soiling indices shown in FIG. 2 show the influence of the successive cycles “soiling / washing out”. Average values of two samples after soiling and after washing are shown.
- Curve 1 shows the monofilament thread according to the invention.
- Curve 2 shows a comparison thread made of polyester according to the prior art, that is to say without the polydimethylsiloxane component. After (five) 5 soiling / washing cycles, the inventive monofilament indexes below 10 are achieved.
- Figure 3 shows the result of a fibrillation test in the form of photographic images.
- Figure 3a shows a polyester with a fluoropolymer; 3b the monofilament according to the invention. It can be seen from this that the monofilament according to the invention shows significantly low fibrillation.
- a sample of prior art polyethylene terephthalate shows
- the monofilament according to the invention brings an improvement in the soiling test by at least a factor of 1.5 compared to the prior art.
- the dirt repellency of the threads modified with siloxanes shows a significant improvement compared to the standard and roughly corresponds to the fluorine-containing special threads, which are questionable due to environmental pollution.
- the abrasion resistance of the threads is clearly increased compared to the prior art.
- the monofilaments according to the invention are preferably suitable for use in paper machine fabrics.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH199093 | 1993-07-02 | ||
CH1990/93 | 1993-07-02 | ||
PCT/IB1994/000183 WO1995001471A1 (en) | 1993-07-02 | 1994-06-28 | Process for producing soil-repellent and abrasion-resistant monofilaments and their use |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0658222A1 true EP0658222A1 (en) | 1995-06-21 |
Family
ID=4223336
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94917779A Withdrawn EP0658222A1 (en) | 1993-07-02 | 1994-06-28 | Process for producing soil-repellent and abrasion-resistant monofilaments and their use |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5759685A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0658222A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH08501355A (en) |
AU (1) | AU680511B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR9405439A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2143424A1 (en) |
FI (1) | FI950954A (en) |
WO (1) | WO1995001471A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2129651T5 (en) † | 1993-08-06 | 2002-11-16 | Rhodia Industrial Yarns Ag | MONOFILAMENTS WITH IMPROVED FABRIC PROPERTIES, AND ITS USE. |
WO2003066959A1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-14 | Milliken & Company | Chemically modified nonwoven articles and method for producing the same |
US6673125B2 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2004-01-06 | Milliken & Company | Chemically modified nonwoven articles and method for producing the same |
US6602437B1 (en) * | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-05 | Millikien & Company | Chemically modified nonwoven articles and method for producing the same |
CH697009A5 (en) * | 2004-07-08 | 2008-03-14 | Zeev Ofer | Crystallized polyethylene terephthalate, which contains silicon, and process for its preparation. |
CN102002217A (en) | 2010-11-11 | 2011-04-06 | 东莞市美高容器有限公司 | Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) high-gloss bottle |
US20120214374A1 (en) | 2011-02-21 | 2012-08-23 | Chaitra Mahesha | Paper machine clothing having monofilaments with lower coefficient of friction |
AU2013331112A1 (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2015-04-09 | Invista Technologies S.A.R.L. | Thermoplastic-poly (dihydrocarbylsiloxane) compositions, and fibers, and processes for making fibers |
EP2770015B1 (en) | 2013-02-26 | 2018-03-28 | Armacell Enterprise GmbH & Co. KG | Upgrading polyester wastes with silanes and their blends |
KR20180008538A (en) | 2015-05-18 | 2018-01-24 | 알바니 인터내셔널 코포레이션 | Use of silicon containing and fluoropolymer additives to improve the properties of polymer compositions |
PL3359597T3 (en) | 2015-10-05 | 2020-07-27 | Albany International Corp. | Compositions and methods for improved abrasion resistance of polymeric components |
WO2018135787A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | (주)효성 | Copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate polymer, yarn/bcf/film comprising same, and method for producing same |
KR101888070B1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-08-14 | 주식회사 효성 | Medical or industrial yarn containing polyethyleneterephthalate copolymer |
WO2018135786A1 (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | (주)효성 | Copolymerized polyethylene terephthalate polymer, yarn/bcf/film comprising same, and method for producing same |
WO2019226967A1 (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2019-11-28 | Invista North America S.A R.L. | Polymer compositions and synthetic fibers and articles thereof |
Family Cites Families (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3701815A (en) * | 1971-01-20 | 1972-10-31 | Union Carbide Corp | Thermoplastic siloxane-polyester block copolymers |
JPS5090715A (en) * | 1973-12-20 | 1975-07-21 | ||
US4164674A (en) * | 1977-07-13 | 1979-08-14 | A. O. Smith Corporation | Electric motor end play control |
JPS6081312A (en) * | 1983-10-05 | 1985-05-09 | Toray Monofilament Co Ltd | Polyester monofilament for fishery |
JPH0643644B2 (en) * | 1983-10-05 | 1994-06-08 | 東レ・モノフィラメント株式会社 | Antifouling polyester monofilament |
JPS60194118A (en) * | 1984-03-12 | 1985-10-02 | Unitika Ltd | Polyester monofilament |
DE3662111D1 (en) * | 1985-06-19 | 1989-03-23 | Schweizerische Viscose | Process for the manufacture of an impregnated polyester cord with stable dimensions and polyester cord produced by this process |
US4758637A (en) * | 1985-09-11 | 1988-07-19 | Union Carbide Corporation | Silicone-modified polyester resin and silicone-sheathed polyester fibers made therefrom |
US4833032A (en) * | 1986-09-12 | 1989-05-23 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Texturing polyester yarns |
CA1292602C (en) * | 1986-10-24 | 1991-12-03 | Hugo Specker | Process for producing a smooth polyester yarn and polyester yarn produced by said process |
CA1312397C (en) * | 1987-09-30 | 1993-01-05 | Naoki Yamamoto | Aromatic polyester-polyorganosiloxane block copolymer |
US5191036A (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1993-03-02 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic resin composition |
US5084527A (en) * | 1989-02-23 | 1992-01-28 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. | Thermoplastic resin composition |
US5266254A (en) * | 1990-02-05 | 1993-11-30 | Rhone-Poulenc Viscosuisse Sa | Process for the high-speed spinning of monofilaments |
US5132392A (en) * | 1991-12-24 | 1992-07-21 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Hydrophilic silicone-modified polyester resin and fibers and films made therefrom |
DE59306421D1 (en) * | 1992-01-15 | 1997-06-19 | Hoechst Ag | Bonded bundle of threads, process for its production and textile fabrics obtainable therefrom |
FR2688509A1 (en) * | 1992-03-13 | 1993-09-17 | Rhone Poulenc Fibres | POLYESTER / POLYDIORGANOSILOXANE COPOLYMER, COMPOSITION CONTAINING THE POLYMER, AND PROCESSES FOR PRODUCING THE COPOLYMER AND THE COMPOSITION |
US5472780A (en) * | 1992-09-01 | 1995-12-05 | Rhone-Poulenc Viscosuisse Sa | Soil-repellent monofilament for paper machine wire-cloths, production thereof and use thereof |
-
1994
- 1994-06-28 CA CA002143424A patent/CA2143424A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-06-28 EP EP94917779A patent/EP0658222A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-06-28 JP JP7503383A patent/JPH08501355A/en active Pending
- 1994-06-28 WO PCT/IB1994/000183 patent/WO1995001471A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-28 BR BR9405439-8A patent/BR9405439A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1994-06-28 US US08/392,926 patent/US5759685A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-28 AU AU69358/94A patent/AU680511B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1995
- 1995-03-01 FI FI950954A patent/FI950954A/en unknown
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9501471A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPH08501355A (en) | 1996-02-13 |
FI950954A0 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
US5759685A (en) | 1998-06-02 |
AU6935894A (en) | 1995-01-24 |
AU680511B2 (en) | 1997-07-31 |
FI950954A (en) | 1995-03-01 |
BR9405439A (en) | 1999-09-08 |
WO1995001471A1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
CA2143424A1 (en) | 1995-01-12 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
DE60125027T2 (en) | MONOFILGARN AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS | |
WO1995001471A1 (en) | Process for producing soil-repellent and abrasion-resistant monofilaments and their use | |
EP0853146A2 (en) | Method of producing cellulosic fibres and cellulosic fibres | |
DE1669544B2 (en) | Textile fibers with voids and processes for their manufacture | |
DE69713350T2 (en) | PILLAR FABRIC FOR GENERATING LONG AND SHORT POLLENGES, FABRIC WITH LONG AND SHORT POLLENGES, AND PRODUCTION METHOD | |
DE69127118T2 (en) | Polyester fiber and process for its manufacture | |
DE60110361T2 (en) | POLYTRIMETHYLENEEPHTHALATE STAPLE FIBERS WITH TETRAKANAL CROSS SECTION | |
DE68923432T2 (en) | Composite fibers made from ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers and manufacture thereof. | |
DE3125254C2 (en) | ||
DE2801164A1 (en) | POLYAMIDE YARN AND THE METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT | |
CH494827A (en) | Polypivalolactone fibres which exhibit high levels of | |
DE1297280B (en) | Multi-component composite fibers and threads | |
EP0617743B1 (en) | Dirt-repellent monofilament for paper machine filters, process for its production and its use | |
DE2402444A1 (en) | YARNS WITH A MATTE APPEARANCE BASED ON SYNTHETIC POLYMERS AND THE PROCESS FOR THEIR PRODUCTION | |
DE60035128T2 (en) | TREE FOR WEAVING AND FINISHING PROCESS | |
DE69837169T2 (en) | Polyester fiber and fabrics made therefrom | |
DE68910285T2 (en) | Papermaker's felt. | |
DE69300989T2 (en) | Polymer fiber containing vinyl alcohol units, resistant to hot water and hot moisture, and process for producing the same | |
DE102008028617A1 (en) | Monofilaments modified with perfluoropolyethers | |
DE2839672A1 (en) | FLAT YARN OR ELECTRIC WIRE | |
DE2427394A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR THE PRODUCTION OF YARNS, FEMES AND FIBERS BASED ON POLYVINYLIDENFLUORIDE | |
DE2411804C3 (en) | Method of embedding discrete particles in the surface of fibers of a composite fiber product | |
DE3881508T2 (en) | Multilayer acrylic composite threads and process for producing the same. | |
DE2158552A1 (en) | Fiber-forming polyamide compositions | |
DE69411444T2 (en) | Monofilament made from a blend of a polyester with a polyalcohol component of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and a polyamide |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19950222 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB LI NL SE |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: RHONE-POULENC VISCOSUISSE SA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19970417 |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: RHODIA FILTEC AG |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN |
|
18D | Application deemed to be withdrawn |
Effective date: 19990622 |