EP0649553B1 - Device and process for the detection of one or more vehicle wheels - Google Patents
Device and process for the detection of one or more vehicle wheels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0649553B1 EP0649553B1 EP93914823A EP93914823A EP0649553B1 EP 0649553 B1 EP0649553 B1 EP 0649553B1 EP 93914823 A EP93914823 A EP 93914823A EP 93914823 A EP93914823 A EP 93914823A EP 0649553 B1 EP0649553 B1 EP 0649553B1
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- Prior art keywords
- loop
- loops
- roadway
- vehicle
- vehicles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/015—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled with provision for distinguishing between two or more types of vehicles, e.g. between motor-cars and cycles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08G—TRAFFIC CONTROL SYSTEMS
- G08G1/00—Traffic control systems for road vehicles
- G08G1/01—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled
- G08G1/042—Detecting movement of traffic to be counted or controlled using inductive or magnetic detectors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of analysis of the identification and classification of vehicles or wheeled rolling machines, in particular when the latter move within the framework of their normal use, and relates to a device for detect in particular one or more wheels of a vehicle or of a mobile rolling machine, as well as a method of detection, analysis and classification of vehicles or machine using this device.
- the latter type of identification devices is currently in the form of a loop or two rectangular loops, large dimensions of the order of 1.5 m by 2 m (2 m being measured in the width direction of the track), arranged on or in the roadway and making it possible to collect a signal representative of the whole body of the vehicle including the wheels detected during the passage of the latter over the loop (s).
- the shape of the signal collected and, if necessary, the offset between two signals collected by two loops, arranged with a spacing between them in the direction of movement of the vehicle allow, respectively, to determine the nature of the light vehicle, heavy vehicle as well than its speed of movement.
- Such a device is known in particular from document EP-A-0035960.
- this known device does not allow a fine or exact identification of the detected vehicles, authorizing in particular their classification in the ten categories defined by the Organization of Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD) or in the fourteen categories of the French Data Collection System (SIREDO).
- OECD Organization of Cooperation and Economic Development
- SIREDO French Data Collection System
- this device does not detect the number of axles of the vehicle and, to carry out this detection, it is necessary to add to it an additional device of the pneumatic tube or piezoelectric sensor type raising the passage of the axles as indicated in FR-A-2 549 625
- the result is a complex assembly requiring constant maintenance due to the presence of mechanical type sensors, subject to high wear.
- the object of the present invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the electromagnetic loop (s) 2 (s), each composed of one or more turns has (on the one hand) a small dimension in the direction of movement of the vehicles or the axis of the road, less than the diameter of the wheels of the vehicles to be identified, and, on the other hand, a preferably rectangular shape and / or an arrangement arranged perpendicular to the axis of the road, the loop or loops being arranged at least at one or two rolling tracks of a roadway and sensitive, distinctly and opposite, to the electromagnetic influences of the metallic masses of the carcass or chassis of vehicles , Firstly , and metallic masses of the tires of the corresponding wheels, on the other hand.
- Such loops are known from FR-A-2 254 842 but the known evaluation units exploiting the signals of these loops did not exploit the fact (incident
- the invention relates to a method for detecting, analyzing and classifying vehicles or rolling vehicles using the above-mentioned device, characterized in that it consists in detecting the electromagnetic influences on the one hand, of the metallic masses of the carcass or chassis of a vehicle and, on the other hand, masses metallic tires of the wheels of said vehicle, in a distinct and opposite manner, by means of at least one electromagnetic loop, arranged on or in the roadway and having a small dimension in the direction of movement of the vehicles or the axis of the roadway, to produce a signal indicating the number and the positioning of the wheels, between them and in relation to the carcass or chassis of the vehicle, to identify the precise nature of the vehicle analyzed and to classify the latter in predetermined categories, based essentially on the number and the longitudinal arrangement of the wheels or axles, and to store the data collected over a defined period with a view to their subsequent exploitation.
- the device for detecting in particular one or more wheels of a vehicle or rolling vehicle comprising at least one electromagnetic loop and a unit of evaluation, is essentially characterized in that the electromagnetic loop (s) 2, each composed of one or more turns, has (on the one hand) a small dimension 1 in the direction of movement vehicles or of the X axis of the roadway 1, smaller than the diameter of the wheels of the vehicles to be identified, and, on the other hand, a preferably rectangular shape and / or an arrangement arranged perpendicular to the X axis of the roadway 1 , the loop (s) 2 being arranged at least at one or two tracks 1 "of rolling of a track 1 'of the roadway 1 and sensitive (s), distinctly and opposite, to the influences electromagnetic, on the one hand, met masses allics of vehicle bodies (carcass, chassis, underbody) and, on the other hand, metallic masses of the corresponding wheels.
- the electromagnetic loop (s) 2 each composed of one or more turns, has (on the one hand) a small dimension 1 in the direction of movement
- the loop (s) 2 advantageously have an inductance between 40 and 700 ⁇ H and is (are) made up of n turns (n between 1 and 10) of an insulated conducting wire of 0.2 with a cross-section of approximately 3 mm 2 , placed on or in the pavement 1.
- the evaluation unit is composed, on the one hand, of an electromagnetic detector 3 detecting the variations in frequency voltage (generated by the current induced) of an alternating signal passing through the loop (s) 2 which is (are) connected to it and delivering a proportional signal corresponding to said variations, on the other hand, from a signal processing card 4 analyzing the signal from said electromagnetic detector 3 and determining in particular, by means of microprocessor means controlled by a computer program, the number wheels belonging to the same vehicle with a view to its classification and, finally, a memory 5 for storing the informative data delivered by said processing card, which can be read in situ and / or remotely, with possible transfer of its content, elements 3 to 5 of said evaluation unit being mounted in a protective box, placed close or not to roadway 1.
- the electromagnetic detector 3 for example of the type known under the designation SL29C and marketed by the company CFEE (two-way detector and with automatic adjustment), consequently detects the result of variations in the voltage and the frequency of an alternating signal. in the loop (s) 2 due, on the one hand, to the metallic masses of the vehicle (carcass, underbody, chassis, engine in particular) and, on the other hand, to the metallic masses of the wheel or wheels, more particularly of the corresponding tire or tires, of the vehicle to be studied, in particular the variation of the inductance of the circuit formed by each loop 2.
- This frequency is applied to the input of a phase locked loop circuit whose role is to provide a DC voltage at its output in relation to the input frequency.
- the signal resulting from the output of the loop (s) -detector couple is characteristic of the number of wheels and therefore of the axles but also of the envelope (carcass - chassis) of the vehicle representing its length and the distance from the latter with respect to on the roadway 1.
- the voltage variation due to a wheel, when passing through a loop, is of the order of 200 to 800 millivolts (for the aforementioned type of detector - Figures 18 and 21) and is opposite to the direction of the variation generated by the metallic masses of the body of this same vehicle.
- a loop 2 according to the invention associated with an electromagnetic detector 3, makes it possible to highlight in a distinct manner the influence of the carcass or chassis of the vehicle and the influence of the wheels, more particularly of the tires, but also of the discs, drums, rims, etc., on the frequency of the signal passing through the said loop (s) 2.
- This second circuit will therefore be the seat of an induced current obeying LENZ's law.
- the two aforementioned circuits have, between them, a mutual inductance with variable permeability by the presence of metallic elements in translation and metallic elements in rotation.
- the amplitude of the signals collected at the level of the magnetic detector 3 is independent of the speed at which the vehicle passes over the loop (s) 2, hence an identical measurement and analysis sensitivity. at low speed and high speed.
- a raised wheel or axle causes the signal to vary in the same direction as the metallic mass of the carcass or chassis (see positive peak preceding the two negative peaks in FIG. 21 ).
- the computer program if necessary derived from a known signal processing program, as well as the signal processing card 4 advantageously allows the classification of vehicles by category, by discriminating them by means of the number of axles, distances between axles, the length of the carcass or chassis and distances between roadway and underbody, on the one hand, between the axles and, on the other hand, in front or behind the axles.
- the dimension I or width of the loop (s) 2 in the direction of movement of the vehicles to be analyzed or the X axis of the Pavement 1 is approximately of the order of magnitude of the width of the bearing surface on the ground of the tires of the wheels of the vehicles to be analyzed (dimensions approximately similar).
- the width l of the loop (s) 2 is preferably of the order of 0.3 meters, for the detection of heavy goods vehicle wheels and preferably of the order of 0.15 meters for the detection of the wheels. light vehicles.
- the detection device comprises one or two loop (s) 2 rectangular having a length L between 0.50 m and 1.20 m and arranged (s) each on or under a rolling track 1 "of a track 1 ', perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of this (s) ci.
- said detection device comprises a single rectangular loop 2 encompassing the two rolling traces 1 "of a track 1 '.
- said detection device comprises an association of two loops 2, constituted by the same conductive wire connected to a single detector 3 and each of which is placed on or under one of the two rolling tracks 1 "of the wheels of the same track 1 'of the roadway 1, each of said loops 2 may include a given number of turns, identical or indifferent.
- loop (s) 2 preferably have a rectangular shape, it (s) can (can) also be of different shape, namely, in parallelogram, square or round ( Figures 6 to 10) see oval or elliptical (not shown).
- the loop (s) 2 can (can) be secured to one or more flexible and resistant sheets or bands, rather woven or clothed, of identical or complementary characteristics and consistent, for example, in rubber, plastic, synthetic products or resin, these sheets or strips being able to sandwich the wires of turns of the loop (s) 2, having an adhesive face allowing the bonding of the or loop (s) 2 on the roadway 1 and themselves constituted by marking bands, for example stop band, line "give way", axis or edge band or the like.
- said loop (s) 2 can (can) be secured to one or more sheets constituting temporary supports, if necessary perforated, placed on the roadway 1 and secured together by a localized or general coating penetrating through the openings, the sheets being able to be biodegradable or dissolvable by a component in particular of the binder of the coating or by heat.
- the detection device can, in addition, be associated with or integrate another detection and data collection system relating to vehicles such as, for example, a large electromagnetic loop device. dimension, a piezoelectric sensor, a resistive sensor, a piezo-polymer sensor, an optical sensor, a hyper-frequency sensor or an ultrasonic sensor, in order to collect additional information relating to the vehicle to be studied, allowing '' further refine the identification of said vehicle.
- a large electromagnetic loop device dimension, a piezoelectric sensor, a resistive sensor, a piezo-polymer sensor, an optical sensor, a hyper-frequency sensor or an ultrasonic sensor, in order to collect additional information relating to the vehicle to be studied, allowing '' further refine the identification of said vehicle.
- the detection device may also include a loop 2, of small dimension in the direction of movement of the vehicles, arranged in a loop 2 'of large dimension, the two loops 2 and 2 ′ being produced by the same conducting wire and connected to the same electromagnetic detector 3, making it possible to determine the length and the speed of movement of the vehicle to be studied.
- the present invention also relates to a method for detecting, analyzing and classifying rolling vehicles using the device described above, characterized in that it consists in detecting the electromagnetic influences, on the one hand, of the masses of the carcass or chassis of a vehicle and, on the other hand, of the metallic masses of the tires of the wheels of said vehicle, in a distinct and opposite manner, by means of at least one electromagnetic loop 2, arranged on or in the roadway 1 and having a small dimension in the direction of movement of the vehicles or of the axis X of the roadway 1, to produce a signal indicating the number and the positioning of the wheels, between them and relative to the carcass or chassis of the vehicle, to identify the precise nature of the vehicle analyzed and to classify it in predetermined categories, based essentially on the number and the longitudinal arrangement of s wheels or axles, and to store the data collected over a defined period for later use.
- the said method can consist in particular of noting the variation of electromagnetic quantities or of frequency or of voltage of an alternating signal passing through the loop (s) 2, during the passage of a vehicle. on this or these latter (s), following the electromagnetic influence, in particular at the level of the inductance of the loop (s) 2, of the carcass or chassis of the vehicle, on the one hand, and of the tires of the corresponding wheels, on the other hand.
- the said method can consist, by means of several independent loops 2 arranged perpendicular to the axis X of the roadway 1 and each producing its own signal, to transversely note the positioning of one or more several single or twin wheels of a given vehicle, and therefore the positioning of the latter on track 1 ', and to scan said vehicle by longitudinal sections, thus making it possible to reconstruct the imprint or the magnetic signature of said vehicle allowing its comparative identification precise.
- said method will also make it possible to determine the length of the carcass or the chassis and the distances between roadway 1 and underbody between the axles, on the one hand, and in front and behind the axles, on the other hand .
- said method could also consist, by the additional implementation of an ultrasonic sensor, in determining the profile or the silhouette of the vehicle to be analyzed, so as to be able to distinguish between two vehicles being both provided with five axles, but one of which has a platform and the other of which is covered.
- the latter data can be deduced from the distances between the successive leading edges of the signal collected by the electromagnetic detector 3 connected to said loops 2 and 2 ′, corresponding to the passage of said vehicle at the level of loop 2 and of loop 2 '.
- the prior installation of the loop (s) 2 in the pavement 1 can advantageously be carried out by means of a hole saw making it possible to obtain suitable impressions or cutouts of 2 to 3 cm in width and depth in said pavement 1.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Traffic Control Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'analyse de l'identification et de la classification de véhicules ou d'engins roulants à roues, en particulier lorsque ces derniers se déplacent dans le cadre de leur utilisation normale, et a pour objet un dispositif pour détecter notamment une ou plusieurs roues d'un véhicule ou d'un engin mobile roulant, ainsi qu'un procédé de détection, d'analyse et de classement de véhicules ou d'engin mettant en oeuvre ce dispositif.The present invention relates to the field of analysis of the identification and classification of vehicles or wheeled rolling machines, in particular when the latter move within the framework of their normal use, and relates to a device for detect in particular one or more wheels of a vehicle or of a mobile rolling machine, as well as a method of detection, analysis and classification of vehicles or machine using this device.
Il existe actuellement déjà différents types de systèmes permettant d'identifier les véhicules roulants parmi lesquels on peut citer notamment les capteurs piézo-électriques, résistifs, optiques, à ultra-sons et hyperfréquences, ainsi que des dispositifs à tubes pneumatiques ou encore à boucles électromagnétiques.There are currently already different types of systems making it possible to identify rolling vehicles, among which there may be mentioned in particular piezoelectric, resistive, optical, ultrasonic and microwave sensors, as well as devices with pneumatic tubes or with electromagnetic loops. .
Ce dernier type de dispositifs d'identifications se présente actuellement sous la forme d'une boucle ou de deux boucles rectangulaires, de grandes dimensions de l'ordre de 1,5 m sur 2 m (2 m étant mesurée dans le sens de la largeur de la voie), disposée(s) sur ou dans la chaussée et permettant de recueillir un signal représentatif de l'ensemble du corps du véhicule y compris les roues détecté lors du passage de ce dernier sur la ou les boucles. La forme du signal recueilli et, le cas échéant, le décalage entre deux signaux recueillis par deux boucles, disposées avec un espacement entre elles dans la direction de déplacement du véhicule, permettent, respectivement, de déterminer la nature du véhicule léger, poids lourd ainsi que sa vitesse de déplacement. Un tel dispositif est notamment connu par le document EP-A-0035960.The latter type of identification devices is currently in the form of a loop or two rectangular loops, large dimensions of the order of 1.5 m by 2 m (2 m being measured in the width direction of the track), arranged on or in the roadway and making it possible to collect a signal representative of the whole body of the vehicle including the wheels detected during the passage of the latter over the loop (s). The shape of the signal collected and, if necessary, the offset between two signals collected by two loops, arranged with a spacing between them in the direction of movement of the vehicle, allow, respectively, to determine the nature of the light vehicle, heavy vehicle as well than its speed of movement. Such a device is known in particular from document EP-A-0035960.
Toutefois, ce dispositif connu ne permet pas une identification fine ou exacte des véhicules détectés autorisant notamment leur classement dans les dix catégories définies par l'Organisation de Coopération et de Développement Economique (OCDE) ou dans les quatorze catégories du Système de Recueil de Données Français (SIREDO).However, this known device does not allow a fine or exact identification of the detected vehicles, authorizing in particular their classification in the ten categories defined by the Organization of Cooperation and Economic Development (OECD) or in the fourteen categories of the French Data Collection System (SIREDO).
En effet, ce dispositif ne détecte pas le nombre d'essieux du véhicule et, pour réaliser cette détection, il est nécessaire de lui adjoindre un dispositif supplémentaire du type tube pneumatique ou capteur piézo-électrique relevant le passage des essieux comme cela est indiqué dans FR-A-2 549 625Indeed, this device does not detect the number of axles of the vehicle and, to carry out this detection, it is necessary to add to it an additional device of the pneumatic tube or piezoelectric sensor type raising the passage of the axles as indicated in FR-A-2 549 625
Il en résulte un ensemble complexe et nécessitant une maintenance constante du fait de la présence de capteurs du type mécanique, sujets à une usure élevée.The result is a complex assembly requiring constant maintenance due to the presence of mechanical type sensors, subject to high wear.
La présente invention a notamment pour objet de pallier les inconvénients précités.The object of the present invention is in particular to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
A cet effet, elle utilise un dispositif constitué par au moins une boucle électromagnétique positionnée sur la chaussée ou dans la chaussée et par une unité d'évaluation de l'influence du passage d'un véhicule au niveau de ladite ou desdites boucles, caractérisé en ce que la ou les boucle(s) 2 électromagnétique(s), composée(s) chacune d'une ou de plusieurs spires, présente(nt), d'une part, une faible dimension dans la direction du déplacement des véhicules ou de l'axe de la chaussée, inférieure au diamètre des roues des véhicules à identifier, et, d'autre part, une forme préférentiellement rectangulaire et/ou un arrangement disposé(e) perpendiculairement à l'axe de la chaussée, la ou les boucles étant disposée(s) au moins au niveau d'une ou des deux traces de roulement d'une voie de la chaussée et sensible(s), de manière distincte et opposée, aux influences électromagnétiques des masses métalliques de la carcasse ou châssis des véhicules, d'une part, et des masses métalliques des pneus des roues correspondantes, d'autre part. De telles boucles sont connues de FR-A-2 254 842 mais les unités d'évaluation connues exploitant les signaux de ces boucles n'exploitaient pas le fait (d'ailleurs inconnu jusqu'à présent) que les influences des masses métalliques de la carcasse et des pneus sur ce type de boucle sont opposées.For this purpose, it uses a device constituted by at least one electromagnetic loop positioned on the roadway or in the roadway and by a unit for evaluating the influence of the passage of a vehicle at the level of said loop or loops, characterized in that the electromagnetic loop (s) 2 (s), each composed of one or more turns, has (on the one hand) a small dimension in the direction of movement of the vehicles or the axis of the road, less than the diameter of the wheels of the vehicles to be identified, and, on the other hand, a preferably rectangular shape and / or an arrangement arranged perpendicular to the axis of the road, the loop or loops being arranged at least at one or two rolling tracks of a roadway and sensitive, distinctly and opposite, to the electromagnetic influences of the metallic masses of the carcass or chassis of vehicles , Firstly , and metallic masses of the tires of the corresponding wheels, on the other hand. Such loops are known from FR-A-2 254 842 but the known evaluation units exploiting the signals of these loops did not exploit the fact (incidentally unknown until now) that the influences of the metallic masses of the carcass and tires on this type of loop are opposite.
L'invention concerne un procédé de détection, d'analyse et de classement de véhicules ou d'engins roulants mettant en oeuvre le dispositif précité, caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à relever les influences électromagnétiques d'une part, des masses métalliques de la carcasse ou châssis d'un véhicule et, d'autre part, des masses métalliques des pneus des roues dudit véhicule, de manière distincte et opposée, au moyen d'au moins une boucle électromagnétique, disposée sur ou dans la chaussée et présentant une faible dimension dans la direction de déplacement des véhicules ou l'axe de la chaussée, à produire un signal indiquant le nombre et le positionnement des roues, entre elles et par rapport à la carcasse ou châssis du véhicule, à identifier la nature précise du véhicule analysé et à classer ce dernier dans des catégories prédéterminées, basées essentiellement sur le nombre et la disposition longitudinale des roues ou des essieux, et à emmagasiner les données recueillies sur une durée définie en vue de leur exploitation ultérieure.The invention relates to a method for detecting, analyzing and classifying vehicles or rolling vehicles using the above-mentioned device, characterized in that it consists in detecting the electromagnetic influences on the one hand, of the metallic masses of the carcass or chassis of a vehicle and, on the other hand, masses metallic tires of the wheels of said vehicle, in a distinct and opposite manner, by means of at least one electromagnetic loop, arranged on or in the roadway and having a small dimension in the direction of movement of the vehicles or the axis of the roadway, to produce a signal indicating the number and the positioning of the wheels, between them and in relation to the carcass or chassis of the vehicle, to identify the precise nature of the vehicle analyzed and to classify the latter in predetermined categories, based essentially on the number and the longitudinal arrangement of the wheels or axles, and to store the data collected over a defined period with a view to their subsequent exploitation.
L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description ci-après, qui se rapporte à des modes de réalisation préférés, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et expliqués avec référence aux dessins schématiques annexés, dans lesquels:
- la figure 1 représente de manière schématique le dispositif vu de dessus;
- les figures 2 à 17 représentent des variantes de réalisation en nombre, en forme et en sens d'enroulement des boucles faisant partie du dispositif conforme à l'invention;
- la figure 18 représente le signal en tension généré par une voiture à la sortie du détecteur électromagnétique faisant partie du dispositif de l'invention;
- la figure 19 représente le signal en tension à la sortie du détecteur, généré par un autocar;
- la figure 20 représente le signal en tension à la sortie du détecteur, généré par un tracteur à deux essieux et sa semi-remorque à trois essieux;
- la figure 21 représente le signal en tension, avec une sensibilité différente, à la sortie du détecteur, généré par un tracteur à deux essieux, et sa semi-remorque à trois essieux, dont le premier essieu est relevé, et,
- la figure 22 représente un tableau des catégories et de leurs silhouettes identifiables par le dispositif selon l'invention.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the device seen from above;
- Figures 2 to 17 show alternative embodiments in number, shape and winding direction of the loops forming part of the device according to the invention;
- FIG. 18 represents the voltage signal generated by a car at the output of the electromagnetic detector forming part of the device of the invention;
- FIG. 19 represents the voltage signal at the output of the detector, generated by a bus;
- FIG. 20 represents the voltage signal at the output of the detector, generated by a two-axle tractor and its three-axle semi-trailer;
- FIG. 21 represents the voltage signal, with a different sensitivity, at the output of the detector, generated by a two-axle tractor and its three-axle semi-trailer, the first axle of which is raised, and,
- FIG. 22 represents a table of the categories and their silhouettes identifiable by the device according to the invention.
Conformément à l'invention, et comme le montrent les figures 1 à 21 des dessins annexés, le dispositif pour détecter notamment une ou plusieurs roues d'un véhicule ou d'un engin roulant, comprenant au moins une boucle électromagnétique et une unité d'évaluation, est essentiellement caractérisé en ce que la ou les boucle(s) 2 électromagnétiques, composée(s) chacune d'une ou de plusieurs spires, présente(nt), d'une part, une faible dimension 1 dans la direction du déplacement des véhicules ou de l'axe X de la chaussée 1, inférieure au diamètre des roues des véhicules à identifier, et, d'autre part, une forme préférentiellement rectangulaire et/ou un arrangement disposée perpendiculairement à l'axe X de la chaussée 1, la ou les boucles 2 étant disposée(s) au moins au niveau d'une ou des deux traces 1" de roulement d'une voie 1' de la chaussée 1 et sensible(s), de manière distincte et opposée, aux influences électromagnétiques, d'une part, des masses métalliques des corps des véhicules (carcasse, châssis, bas de caisse) et, d'autre part, des masses métalliques des roues correspondantes.According to the invention, and as shown in Figures 1 to 21 of the accompanying drawings, the device for detecting in particular one or more wheels of a vehicle or rolling vehicle, comprising at least one electromagnetic loop and a unit of evaluation, is essentially characterized in that the electromagnetic loop (s) 2, each composed of one or more turns, has (on the one hand) a
La ou les boucles 2 présente(nt) avantageusement une inductance comprise entre 40 et 700µH et est (sont) constituée(s) de n spire(s) (n compris entre 1 et 10) d'un fil conducteur isolé de 0,2 à 3 mm2 de section environ, disposées sur ou dans la chaussée 1.The loop (s) 2 advantageously have an inductance between 40 and 700 μH and is (are) made up of n turns (n between 1 and 10) of an insulated conducting wire of 0.2 with a cross-section of approximately 3 mm 2 , placed on or in the
Selon une première caractéristique de l'invention, représentée à la figure 1 des dessins annexés, l'unité d'évaluation est composée, d'une part, d'un détecteur électromagnétique 3 relevant les variations de tension de fréquence (générées par le courant induit) d'un signal alternatif transitant dans la ou les boucle(s) 2 qui lui est (sont) reliée(s) et délivrant un signal proportionnel correspondant auxdites variations, d'autre part, d'une carte 4 de traitement du signal analysant le signal issu dudit détecteur électromagnétique 3 et déterminant notamment, par l'intermédiaire de moyens microprocesseurs pilotés par un programme informatique, le nombre de roues appartenant à un même véhicule en vue de sa classification et, enfin, une mémoire 5 de stockage des données informatives délivrées par ladite carte de traitement, pouvant être lue in situ et/ou à distance, avec transfert éventuel de son contenu, les éléments 3 à 5 de ladite unité d'évaluation étant montés dans un coffret de protection, disposé à proximité ou non de la chaussée 1.According to a first characteristic of the invention, shown in Figure 1 of the accompanying drawings, the evaluation unit is composed, on the one hand, of an
Le détecteur électromagnétique 3, par exemple du type connu sous la désignation SL29C et commercialisé par la société CFEE (détecteur à double voie et à réglage automatique), détecte par conséquent la résultante des variations de la tension et de la fréquence d'un signal alternatif dans la ou les boucle(s) 2 dues, d'une part, aux masses métalliques du véhicule (carcasse, bas de caisse, châssis, moteur notamment) et, d'autre part, aux masses métalliques de la ou des roues, plus particulièrement du ou des pneumatiques correspondants, du véhicule à étudier, notamment la variation de l'inductance du circuit constitué par chaque boucle 2.The
La fréquence f = 1/(2π√LC) de l'oscillateur ainsi constitué est comparée à la fréquence d'un oscillateur fixe. Cette fréquence est appliquée à l'entrée d'un circuit à boucle à verrouillage de phase dont le rôle est de fournir une tension continue à sa sortie en relation à la fréquence d'entrée. Le signal résultant en sortie du couple boucle(s)-détecteur est caractéristique du nombre de roues et donc d'essieux mais également de l'enveloppe (carcasse - châssis) du véhicule représentant sa longueur et de la distance de celle-ci par rapport à la chaussée 1. La variation de tension due à une roue, lors de son passage au niveau d'une boucle, est de l'ordre de 200 à 800 millivolts (pour le type de détecteur précité - figures 18 et 21) et est opposée au sens de la variation générée par les masses métalliques du corps de ce même véhicule.The frequency f = 1 / (2π√LC) of the oscillator thus formed is compared to the frequency of a fixed oscillator. This frequency is applied to the input of a phase locked loop circuit whose role is to provide a DC voltage at its output in relation to the input frequency. The signal resulting from the output of the loop (s) -detector couple is characteristic of the number of wheels and therefore of the axles but also of the envelope (carcass - chassis) of the vehicle representing its length and the distance from the latter with respect to on the
En effet, une boucle 2 selon l'invention, associée à un détecteur électromagnétique 3, permet de mettre en évidence de manière distincte l'influence de la carcasse ou châssis du véhicule et l'influence des roues, plus particulièrement des pneumatiques, mais également des disques, tambours, jantes, etc., sur la fréquence du signal transitant dans la ou lesdites boucle(s) 2.Indeed, a
Ainsi, ces influences génèrent des variations opposées ou inverses de la fréquence et de la tension dudit signal comme le montrent les figures 18 à 21 qui représentent des signaux de tension continue délivrés par le détecteur électromagnétique 3 et dont les amplitudes varient en fonction des variations de fréquence des signaux transitant dans les boucles 2.Thus, these influences generate opposite or opposite variations in the frequency and the voltage of said signal as shown in FIGS. 18 to 21 which represent DC voltage signals delivered by the
Ces résultats pourraient s'expliquer par le fait que, la ou les boucle(s) 2 constituant un premier circuit pourvu d'un générateur, les masses métalliques d'un véhicule, passant au-dessus d'un tel circuit, génèrent une variation du champ magnétique produit autour dudit premier circuit et, par conséquent, une variation du flux embrassé par un deuxième circuit, constitué par les masses métalliques de la roue et plus particulièrement par le tore formé par la jante et les armatures métalliques du pneumatique, lors de son passage au-dessus dudit premier circuit.These results could be explained by the fact that, the loop (s) 2 constituting a first circuit provided with a generator, the metallic masses of a vehicle, passing over such a circuit, generate a variation of the magnetic field produced around said first circuit and, consequently, a variation of the flux embraced by a second circuit, constituted by the metallic masses of the wheel and more particularly by the torus formed by the rim and the metallic reinforcements of the tire, during its passage over said first circuit.
Ce deuxième circuit sera donc le siège d'un courant induit obéissant à la loi de LENZ.This second circuit will therefore be the seat of an induced current obeying LENZ's law.
De même, on assiste à la création d'un courant circuit en retour dans ledit premier circuit constitué par la ou les boucles 2. Or, selon la loi précitée, le courant induit tendra par ses effets à la cause qui l'a fait naître, ce qui explique les variations opposées des signaux recueillis.Similarly, we are witnessing the creation of a return circuit current in said first circuit constituted by the loop or
De plus, les deux circuits précités présentent, entre eux, une inductance mutuelle avec perméabilité variable de par la présence d'éléments métalliques en translation et d'éléments métalliques en rotation.In addition, the two aforementioned circuits have, between them, a mutual inductance with variable permeability by the presence of metallic elements in translation and metallic elements in rotation.
On voit nettement sur les figures 18 à 21 les variations positives, en forme de plateau ou de dôme aplati, générées par la carcasse ou le châssis du véhicule considéré et les pics de variation négative générés par les roues en rotation dudit véhicule (par rapport à la référence R du signal sous forme de tension de repos de quelques volts correspondant à une variation nulle de la fréquence de la tension).We can clearly see in Figures 18 to 21 the positive variations, in the form of a flattened plate or dome, generated by the carcass or the chassis of the vehicle in question and the peaks of negative variation generated by the wheels in rotation of said vehicle (relative at the reference R of the signal in the form of a resting voltage of a few volts corresponding to a zero variation in the frequency of the voltage).
Il est même possible de relever sur la figure 20 de petits pics positifs, intégrés dans les pics négatifs, correspondant au passage, au niveau de la boucle 2 des attributs de la ou des roues (suspension, fusée, pont, support, etc.).It is even possible to identify in FIG. 20 small positive peaks, integrated into the negative peaks, corresponding to the passage, at the level of
Il convient également de noter que l'amplitude des signaux recueillis au niveau du détecteur magnétique 3, est indépendante de la vitesse à laquelle le véhicule passe sur ou les boucle(s) 2, d'où une sensibilité de mesure et d'analyse identique à faible vitesse et à vitesse élevée.It should also be noted that the amplitude of the signals collected at the level of the
En outre, il est également possible de déterminer, notamment pour un poids lourd, le relèvement d'une ou de plusieurs roues ou essieux.In addition, it is also possible to determine, in particular for a heavy vehicle, the bearing of one or more wheels or axles.
En effet, comme le montre la figure 21 des dessins annexés, une roue ou un essieu relevé provoque une variation du signal dans le même sens que la masse métallique de la carcasse ou châssis (voir pic positif précédant les deux pics négatifs sur la figure 21).In fact, as shown in FIG. 21 of the appended drawings, a raised wheel or axle causes the signal to vary in the same direction as the metallic mass of the carcass or chassis (see positive peak preceding the two negative peaks in FIG. 21 ).
Le programme informatique, dérivé le cas échéant d'un programme de traitement du signal connu, de même que la carte de traitement de signal 4 permet avantageusement la classification des véhicules par catégorie, en les discriminant par l'intermédiaire du nombre d'essieux, des distances entre essieux, de la longueur de la carcasse ou du châssis et des distances entre chaussée et bas de caisse, d'une part, entre les essieux et, d'autre part, en avant ou en arrière des essieux.The computer program, if necessary derived from a known signal processing program, as well as the
Ces dernières distances sont des caractéristiques spécifiques de la morphologie de certains véhicules, en particulier des bus et autocars possédant une enveloppe métallique latérale basse.These latter distances are specific characteristics of the morphology of certain vehicles, in particular buses and coaches having a low lateral metal envelope.
Conformément à un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, la dimension I ou largeur de la ou des boucle(s) 2 dans la direction de déplacement des véhicules à analyser ou l'axe X de la chaussée 1 est environ de l'ordre de grandeur de la largeur de la surface d'appui au sol des pneumatiques des roues des véhicules à analyser (dimensions environ similaires).In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the dimension I or width of the loop (s) 2 in the direction of movement of the vehicles to be analyzed or the X axis of the
Ainsi la largeur l de la ou des boucle(s) 2 est préférentiellement de l'ordre de 0,3 mètre, pour la détection des roues de poids-lourds et préférentiellement de l'ordre de 0,15 mètre pour la détection des roues de véhicules légers.Thus the width l of the loop (s) 2 is preferably of the order of 0.3 meters, for the detection of heavy goods vehicle wheels and preferably of the order of 0.15 meters for the detection of the wheels. light vehicles.
Selon une première variante de réalisation de l'invention, représentée aux figures 3 et 5 des dessins annexés, le dispositif de détection comporte une ou deux boucle(s) 2 rectangulaires présentant une longueur L comprise entre 0,50 m et 1,20 m et disposé(s) chacune sur ou sous une trace de roulement 1" d'une voie 1', perpendiculairement à l'axe longitudinal de celle(s)-ci.According to a first embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 3 and 5 of the accompanying drawings, the detection device comprises one or two loop (s) 2 rectangular having a length L between 0.50 m and 1.20 m and arranged (s) each on or under a
Selon une seconde variante de réalisation, représentée à la figure 4 des dessins annexés, ledit dispositif de détection comporte une seule boucle 2 rectangulaire englobant les deux traces de roulement 1" d'une voie 1'.According to a second alternative embodiment, shown in FIG. 4 of the accompanying drawings, said detection device comprises a single
Selon une troisième variante de réalisation de l'invention, représentée aux figures 12 à 16 des dessins annexés, ledit dispositif de détection comporte une association de deux boucles 2, constituées par un même fil conducteur connecté à un unique détecteur 3 et dont chacune est placée sur ou sous l'une des deux traces de roulement 1" des roues d'une même voie 1' de la chaussée 1, chacune desdites boucles 2 pouvant comprendre un nombre donné de spires, identique ou indifférent.According to a third alternative embodiment of the invention, shown in Figures 12 to 16 of the accompanying drawings, said detection device comprises an association of two
Selon une quatrième variante de réalisation, il est prévu un ensemble d'au moins deux boucles 2, connectées chacune à un détecteur électromagnétique 3 distinct et disposées selon un alignement perpendiculaire à l'axe X de la chaussée 1 ou à la direction de déplacement des véhicules, ledit ensemble de boucles 2 s'étendant soit sur ou sous une seule trace de roulement 1" de la voie 1', soit approximativement sur toute la largeur de la voie 1' (Figures 6 à 10).According to a fourth alternative embodiment, there is provided an assembly of at least two
Bien que la ou les boucle(s) 2 présentent préférentiellement une forme rectangulaire, elle(s) peut (peuvent) également être de forme différente, à savoir, en parallélogramme, carrée ou ronde (Figures 6 à 10) voir ovale ou elliptique (non représenté).Although the loop (s) 2 preferably have a rectangular shape, it (s) can (can) also be of different shape, namely, in parallelogram, square or round (Figures 6 to 10) see oval or elliptical ( not shown).
En outre, dans le cas d'un arrangement ou d'un alignement de plusieurs boucles 2, ces dernières pourront être séparées, tangentes (figure 8) ou sécantes.In addition, in the case of an arrangement or an alignment of
En vue de leur installation sur ou dans la chaussée 1, la ou les boucles 2 peut (peuvent) être solidarisée(s) à une ou plusieurs feuilles ou bandes souples et résistantes, plutôt tissées ou toilées, de caractéristiques identiques ou complémentaires et consistant, par exemple, en du caoutchouc, du plastique, des produits de synthèse ou de la résine, ces feuilles ou bandes pouvant prendre en sandwich les fils de spires de la ou les boucle(s) 2, avoir une face autocollante permettant le collage de la ou des boucle(s) 2 sur la chaussée 1 et constituées elles-mêmes des bandes de marquage, par exemple bande de stop, ligne "cédez le passage", bande d'axe ou de rive ou analogue.With a view to their installation on or in the
Ainsi, ladite ou lesdites boucles 2 peut (peuvent) être solidarisée(s) à une ou plusieurs feuilles constituant des supports provisoires, le cas échéant ajourées, posés sur la chaussée 1 et solidarisés ensemble par un enduit localisé ou général pénétrant par les ajours, les feuilles pouvant être biodégradables ou dissolvables par un composant notamment du liant de l'enduit ou par la chaleur.Thus, said loop (s) 2 can (can) be secured to one or more sheets constituting temporary supports, if necessary perforated, placed on the
Conformément à une caractéristique de l'invention, le dispositif de détection peut, en outre, être associé à ou intégrer un autre système de détection et de recueil de données relatives à des véhicules tel que, par exemple, un dispositif à boucle électromagnétique de grande dimension, un capteur piézo-électrique, un capteur résistif, un capteur piézo-polymère, un capteur optique, un capteur hyper-fréquence ou un capteur à ultra-sons, en vue de recueillir des informations supplémentaires relatives au véhicule à étudier, permettant d'affiner davantage l'identification dudit véhicule.According to a characteristic of the invention, the detection device can, in addition, be associated with or integrate another detection and data collection system relating to vehicles such as, for example, a large electromagnetic loop device. dimension, a piezoelectric sensor, a resistive sensor, a piezo-polymer sensor, an optical sensor, a hyper-frequency sensor or an ultrasonic sensor, in order to collect additional information relating to the vehicle to be studied, allowing '' further refine the identification of said vehicle.
Comme le montre la figure 11 des dessins annexés, le dispositif de détection conforme à l'invention peut également comporter une boucle 2, de faible dimension dans la direction de déplacement des véhicules, disposée dans une boucle 2' de grande dimension, les deux boucles 2 et 2' étant réalisées par le même fil conducteur et relié à un même détecteur électromagnétique 3, permettant de déterminer la longueur et la vitesse de déplacement du véhicule à étudier.As shown in Figure 11 of the accompanying drawings, the detection device according to the invention may also include a
La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de détection, d'analyse et de classement de véhicules roulants mettant en oeuvre le dispositif décrit ci-dessus caractérisé en ce qu'il consiste à relever les influences électromagnétiques, d'une part, des masses métalliques de la carcasse ou châssis d'un véhicule et, d'autre part, des masses métalliques des pneumatiques des roues dudit véhicule, de manière distincte et opposée, au moyen d'au moins une boucle électromagnétique 2, disposée sur ou dans la chaussée 1 et présentant une faible dimension dans la direction de déplacement des véhicules ou de l'axe X de la chaussée 1, à produire un signal indiquant le nombre et le positionnement des roues, entre elles et par rapport à la carcasse ou châssis du véhicule, à identifier la nature précise du véhicule analysé et à classer ce dernier dans des catégories prédéterminées, basées essentiellement sur le nombre et la disposition longitudinale des roues ou des essieux, et à emmagasiner les données recueillies sur une durée définie en vue de leur exploitation ultérieure.The present invention also relates to a method for detecting, analyzing and classifying rolling vehicles using the device described above, characterized in that it consists in detecting the electromagnetic influences, on the one hand, of the masses of the carcass or chassis of a vehicle and, on the other hand, of the metallic masses of the tires of the wheels of said vehicle, in a distinct and opposite manner, by means of at least one
Conformément à une caractéristique de l'invention, ledit procédé peut consister notamment à relever la variation de grandeurs électromagnétiques ou de fréquence ou de tension d'un signal alternatif transitant dans la ou les boucle(s) 2, lors du passage d'un véhicule sur cette ou ces dernière(s), suite à l'influence électromagnétique, notamment au niveau de l'inductance de la ou des boucle(s) 2, de la carcasse ou châssis du véhicule, d'une part, et des pneus des roues correspondantes, d'autre part.According to a characteristic of the invention, the said method can consist in particular of noting the variation of electromagnetic quantities or of frequency or of voltage of an alternating signal passing through the loop (s) 2, during the passage of a vehicle. on this or these latter (s), following the electromagnetic influence, in particular at the level of the inductance of the loop (s) 2, of the carcass or chassis of the vehicle, on the one hand, and of the tires of the corresponding wheels, on the other hand.
Selon une variante de réalisation de l'invention, ledit procédé peut consister, au moyen de plusieurs boucles 2 indépendantes disposées perpendiculairement à l'axe X de la chaussée 1 et produisant chacune un signal propre, à relever transversalement le positionnement d'une ou de plusieurs roues simples ou jumelées d'un véhicule donné, et donc le positionnement de ce dernier sur la voie 1', et à scanériser par coupes longitudinales ledit véhicule, permettant ainsi de reconstituer l'empreinte ou la signature magnétique dudit véhicule autorisant son identification comparative précise.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, the said method can consist, by means of several
De manière avantageuse, ledit procédé permettra également de déterminer la longueur de la carcasse ou du châssis et les distances entre chaussée 1 et bas de caisse entre les essieux, d'une part, et en avant et en arrière des essieux, d'autre part.Advantageously, said method will also make it possible to determine the length of the carcass or the chassis and the distances between
Selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention ledit procédé pourra également consister, par la mise en oeuvre supplémentaire d'un capteur à ultra-sons, à déterminer le profil ou la silhouette du véhicule à analyser, de manière à pouvoir faire la distinction entre deux véhicules étant pourvus tous les deux de cinq essieux, mais dont l'un comporte un plateau et dont l'autre est bâché.According to another alternative embodiment of the invention, said method could also consist, by the additional implementation of an ultrasonic sensor, in determining the profile or the silhouette of the vehicle to be analyzed, so as to be able to distinguish between two vehicles being both provided with five axles, but one of which has a platform and the other of which is covered.
Conformément à une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention il est possible, par la mise en oeuvre supplémentaire d'une boucle électromagnétique 2' de grande dimension, associée à une boucle 2 telle que décrite ci-dessus, ces deux boucles étant constituées par le même fil conducteur (donc associées en série), de déterminer également, par l'analyse du signal recueilli, la vitesse de déplacement et la longueur des véhicules détectés.According to another alternative embodiment of the invention it is possible, by the additional implementation of a large
En effet, ces dernières données peuvent être déduites des distances entre les fronts d'attaque successifs du signal recueilli par le détecteur électromagnétique 3 relié auxdites boucles 2 et 2', correspondant au passage dudit véhicule au niveau de la boucle 2 et de la boucle 2'.In fact, the latter data can be deduced from the distances between the successive leading edges of the signal collected by the
Selon une caractéristique de l'invention. l'installation préalable de la ou des boucles 2 dans la chaussée 1 peut avantageusement être réalisée au moyen d'une scie à cloche permettant d'obtenir des empreintes ou des découpes adéquates de 2 à 3 cm de largeur et de profondeur dans ladite chaussée 1.According to a characteristic of the invention. the prior installation of the loop (s) 2 in the
Le dispositif selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné au ou à :
- comptage des essieux,
- comptage des roues, simples ou jumelées,
- comptage des véhicules,
- comptage des véhicules par catégorie
- la détermination du positionnement transversal des roues par rapport à une référence, préférentiellement l'axe de la voie,
- la détermination du positionnement transversal des véhicules par rapport à une référence, préférentiellement l'axe de la voie,
- la détermination du positionnement longitudinal des roues d'un même véhicule permettant la classification par catégorie, distance inter-essieux,
- la discrimination de véhicules atypiques par leur signature,
- la discrimination entre roue simple et roue jumelée,
- la mesure de vitesse, distance inter-véhicules, longueur de véhicules,
- l'identification des véhicules et aéronefs atypiques par exemple sur aéroport.
- axle counting,
- wheel counting, single or twin,
- vehicle counting,
- counting vehicles by category
- determining the transverse positioning of the wheels relative to a reference, preferably the axis of the track,
- determining the transverse positioning of the vehicles with respect to a reference, preferably the axis of the track,
- determining the longitudinal positioning of the wheels of the same vehicle, allowing classification by category, distance between axles,
- discrimination of atypical vehicles by their signature,
- discrimination between single wheel and twin wheel,
- measurement of speed, inter-vehicle distance, length of vehicles,
- the identification of atypical vehicles and aircraft, for example at an airport.
Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux modes de réalisation décrits et représentés aux dessins annexés. Des modifications restent possibles, notamment du point de vue de la constitution des divers éléments, ou par substitution d'équivalents techniques, sans sortir pour autant du domaine de protection de l'invention.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described and shown in the accompanying drawings. Modifications remain possible, in particular from the point of view of the constitution of the various elements, or by substitution of technical equivalents, without thereby departing from the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (18)
- Device constituted by at least one electromagnetic loop positioned on or in the roadway and by a unit for evaluating the influence of the passage of a vehicle past said loop or loops, the electromagnetic loop or loops (2) each being composed of one or more turns and having, on the one hand, a small dimension (1) in the direction of travel of the vehicles or of the axis (X) of the roadway (1), and, on the other hand, a preferably rectangular shape and/or an arrangement disposed perpendicularly to the axis (X) of the roadway (1), the loop or loops (2) being disposed at least in the region of one or two of the rolling tracks (1") of a lane (1') of the roadway (1), characterised in that the dimension (1) or width of the loop or loops (2) is substantially equal to the width of the bearing surface on the ground for the wheels of the vehicles to be analysed, that is preferably about 0.3 metre for the detection of heavy goods vehicles and about 0.15 metre for the detection of light vehicles and in that the evaluating unit is composed, on the one hand, of an electromagnetic detector (3) noting the variations of voltage and of frequency of an alternating signal moving within the loop or loops (2) connected to it by virtue of the passage of a vehicle past the loop or loops (2) and delivering a proportional signal corresponding to said variations, on the other hand, of a signal-processing card (4) analysing the signal emitted from the electromagnetic detector (3) and determining, in particular, by microprocessor means controlled by a computer program, the number of wheels belonging to the same vehicle for its classification and, finally, a memory (5) for storage of data delivered by said processing card, adapted to be read in situ and/or remotely, with optional transfer of its contents, the elements (3 to 5) of said evaluating unit advantageously being mounted in a protective casing, disposed adjacent or not to the roadway (1).
- Device according to claim 1, characterised in that the computer program permits the classification of the vehicles by category, discriminating between them by means of the number of axles, the distance between axles, the length of the body or chassis and the distances between the roadway and the bottom of the body, on the one hand, between the axles and, on the other hand, to the front or rear of the axles.
- Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that it comprises one or two rectangular loops (2) having a' length (L) comprised between 0.50 m and 1.20 m and each disposed on or below a rolling track (1") of a lane (1') perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis thereof.
- Device according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterised in that it comprises a single rectangular loop (2) for the two rolling tracks (1") of a lane (1').
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises an assembly of two loops (2), constituted by a same conductive wire connected to a single detector (3) and of which each is disposed on or below one of the two rolling tracks (1") of a same lane (1') of the roadway (1).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that it comprises an assembly of at least two loops (2), each connected to a separate electromagnetic detector (3) and disposed in an alignment perpendicular to the axis (X) of the roadway (1) or to the direction of travel of the vehicles, said loop assembly (2) extending either on or below a single rolling track (1") of the lane (1'), or over substantially the entire width of the roadway (1).
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 2, 5 and 6, characterised in that the loop or loops (2) have a shape other than rectangular, such as for example a parallelogram, square, round, oval or elliptical shape and in that, in the case of an arrangement, alignment or assembly of several loops (2), the loops (2) are either separated or are tangential or secantal to each other.
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the loop or loops (2) are secured to one or more flexible and strong sheets or strips, which may be woven, have identical or complementary characteristics and consist for example of rubber, plastic, synthetic or resinous products, these sheets or strips being adapted to sandwich the wires of the turns of the loop or loops (2), to have a self-adhesive face permitting adhesion of the loop or loops (2) to the roadway (1) and themselves consisting of marking strips, for example stop lines, "give way" lines, centre lines or side lines or the like.
- Device according to claim 8, characterised in that the loop or loops (2) are secured to one or more sheets constituting temporary supports, open-worked as the case may be, disposed on the roadway (1) and secured together by a localised or overall coating penetrating the openings, the sheets being adapted to be biodegradable or soluble by a component in particular of the binder of the coating or by heat.
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that it is associated or integrated with another system for the detection and reception of data relating to the vehicles such as for example an electromagnetic loop of large size, a piezo-electric detector, a resistive detector, a piezo-polymeric detector, an optical detector, a hyperfrequency detector or an ultrasonic detector, so as to receive supplemental data relating to the vehicle to be studied, permitting further refinement of the identification of said vehicle.
- Device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that it comprises a loop (2) of small size in the direction of travel of the vehicles, disposed in a large loop (2'), the two loops (2 and 2') being made of the same conductive wire connected to a same electromagnetic detector (3).
- Process for the detection, analysis and classification of vehicles or wheeled machinery using the device according to any one of claims 1 to 11, consisting in noting the electromagnetic influences associated with the passage of a vehicle, by means of at least one electromagnetic loop (2), disposed on or within the roadway (1) and having a small dimension in the direction of travel of the vehicles or of the axis (X) of the roadway (1), characterised in that it consists, by means of at least one loop (2) whose dimension (1) or width is substantially equal to the width of the bearing surface on the ground for the vehicles to be analysed, in noting first the opposite variations of voltage and/or frequency of an alternating signal moving within the loop or loops (2) associated, on the one hand, with the wheels of the vehicles and, on the other hand, with the body or chassis of said vehicles, in processing the signal proportional to said variations, in producing a signal indicating the number and position of the wheels relative to each other and relative to the body of the vehicle, in identifying the precise nature of the analysed vehicle and in classifying it within predetermined categories, based essentially on the number and longitudinal arrangement of the wheels or of the axles, and in storing the received data for a determined period of time for their ultimate use, for reading in situ and/or remotely, with optional transfer of its contents.
- Process according to claim 12, characterised in that it consists in noting the variation of electromagnetic magnitudes or frequency or voltage of an alternating signal moving within the loop or loops (2), during passage of a vehicle over the loop or loops (2), according to the electromagnetic influence, in particular as to the inductance of the loop or loops (2), of the body or the chassis of the vehicle, on the one hand, and the corresponding wheels, on the other hand.
- Process according to any one of claims 12 and 13, characterised in that it consists, by means of several independent loops (2) disposed perpendicularly to the axis (X) of the roadway (1) and each producing its own signal, in noting transversely the position of one or more single or double wheels of a given vehicle, and therefore the position thereof on the lane (1'), and in scanning said vehicle by longitudinal sections, thereby permitting reconstitution of the imprint or the magnetic signature of said vehicle allowing comparatively precise identification thereof.
- Process according to any one of claims 12 to 14, characterised in that it consists in also determining the length of the body or of the chassis and the distances between the roadway (1) and the bottom of the chassis between the axles, on the one hand, and to the front and rear of the axles, on the other hand.
- Process according to any one of claims 12 to 15, characterised in that it consists in the supplemental use of an ultrasonic detector, to determine the profile or silhouette of the vehicle to be analysed.
- Process according to any one of claims 12 to 16, characterised in that it consists in the supplemental use of an electromagnetic loop (2') of large size, associated with a loop (2) constituted by the same conductive wire, to determine, also by analysis of the received signal, the speed of travel and the length of detected vehicles.
- Process according to any one of claims 12 to 17, characterised in that it consists first of installing the loop or loops (2), in the roadway (1) by means of a saw permitting suitable imprints or cut-outs to be obtained in said roadway (1).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9208416 | 1992-07-06 | ||
| FR929208416A FR2693301B1 (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1992-07-06 | DEVICE FOR DETECTING ONE OR MORE WHEELS OF A ROLLING MOBILE MACHINE. |
| PCT/FR1993/000699 WO1994001847A1 (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1993-07-06 | Device and process for the detection of one or more vehicle wheels |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0649553A1 EP0649553A1 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
| EP0649553B1 true EP0649553B1 (en) | 1996-12-27 |
Family
ID=9431669
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93914823A Expired - Lifetime EP0649553B1 (en) | 1992-07-06 | 1993-07-06 | Device and process for the detection of one or more vehicle wheels |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5614894A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0649553B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE146889T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU4505993A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2139577C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69306954T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2098759T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2693301B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994001847A1 (en) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5757288A (en) * | 1996-05-02 | 1998-05-26 | Mitron Systems Corporation | Vehicle detector system and method |
| US6417784B1 (en) * | 1996-12-03 | 2002-07-09 | Inductive Signature | Automotive vehicle classification and identification by inductive signature |
| US6014447A (en) * | 1997-03-20 | 2000-01-11 | Raytheon Company | Passive vehicle classification using low frequency electro-magnetic emanations |
| US5780465A (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 1998-07-14 | Dow Agrosciences Llc | 4-substituted 5-polycyclylpyrimidine herbicides |
| GB9903783D0 (en) * | 1999-02-18 | 1999-04-14 | Univ Edinburgh | Vehicle detector and classifier |
| KR20020000790A (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2002-01-05 | 인덕티브 시그나츄어 테크놀로지스, 인코포레이티드. | Permeability-modulated carrier referencing |
| US6337640B2 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2002-01-08 | Diamond Consulting Services Limited | Inductive loop sensor for traffic detection, and traffic monitoring apparatus and method using such a loop sensor |
| GB2348501B (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2003-07-30 | Diamond Consulting Services Lt | Loop sensing apparatus for traffic detection |
| JP2003519849A (en) | 2000-01-05 | 2003-06-24 | インダクティブ シグナチュアー テクノロジーズ、 インコーポレイテッド | Method and apparatus for active separation in an inductive loop detector |
| US20020053975A1 (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2002-05-09 | The Chamberlain Group, Inc. | Entry control system |
| US20040257199A1 (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2004-12-23 | Fitzgibbon James J. | Entry control system |
| FR2820537B1 (en) * | 2001-02-08 | 2004-06-25 | Atoll Technology | MAGNETIC DETECTOR OF VEHICLE WHEELS |
| US6973462B2 (en) * | 2001-04-03 | 2005-12-06 | Florida Atlantic University | Integrated guardianship information system |
| WO2003002945A2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-01-09 | Inductive Signature Technologies, Inc. | Inductive sensor apparatus and method for deploying |
| US7136828B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2006-11-14 | Jim Allen | Intelligent vehicle identification system |
| US6864804B1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2005-03-08 | Jim Allen | Ferromagnetic loop |
| US7725348B1 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2010-05-25 | United Toll Systems, Inc. | Multilane vehicle information capture system |
| US7734500B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2010-06-08 | United Toll Systems, Inc. | Multiple RF read zone system |
| US8331621B1 (en) | 2001-10-17 | 2012-12-11 | United Toll Systems, Inc. | Vehicle image capture system |
| US7764197B2 (en) * | 2001-10-17 | 2010-07-27 | United Toll Systems, Inc. | System and synchronization process for inductive loops in a multilane environment |
| EP1361488B1 (en) * | 2002-05-07 | 2007-07-18 | AGES Arbeitsgemeinschaft Gebührenentrichtungssystem GmbH & Co. OHG | Method and apparatus for classifying vehicles equipped with wheels |
| WO2005017853A1 (en) * | 2003-08-13 | 2005-02-24 | Petrus Paulus Haasbroek | Classification of vehicles |
| EP1628275A1 (en) * | 2004-08-20 | 2006-02-22 | JADE Beheer B.V. | Inductive loop detector |
| FR2878080B1 (en) * | 2004-11-18 | 2011-12-23 | Ct D Etudes Tech De L Equipement Cete De L Est | COMMUNICATING BUCKLES FOR TRANSMITTING INFORMATION BETWEEN VEHICLES AND INFRASTRUCTURE |
| FR2896070B1 (en) | 2006-01-11 | 2008-02-15 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | MAGNETIC SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING TRAFFIC |
| WO2007132068A1 (en) * | 2006-05-11 | 2007-11-22 | Centre D'etudes Techniques De L'equipement-Cete De L'est | Vehicle detection and communication system between a vehicle and a road, and fitted vehicle |
| US7952021B2 (en) | 2007-05-03 | 2011-05-31 | United Toll Systems, Inc. | System and method for loop detector installation |
| WO2016113916A1 (en) * | 2015-01-16 | 2016-07-21 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Train wireless system and train length computation method |
| JP6440193B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2018-12-19 | 三菱重工機械システム株式会社 | Vehicle type identification device, toll collection facility, vehicle type identification method and program |
| JP6584001B2 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2019-10-02 | 三菱重工機械システム株式会社 | Toll collection machine, toll collection system, statistical system, toll collection method and program |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3312935A (en) * | 1964-04-21 | 1967-04-04 | Sangamo Electric Co | Traffic loop detector |
| FR1555538A (en) * | 1967-06-28 | 1969-01-31 | ||
| GB1245360A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1971-09-08 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co | Detector apparatus for obtaining road traffic information |
| US3688308A (en) * | 1969-10-06 | 1972-08-29 | Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co | Apparatus for detecting the volume of traffic |
| US3835449A (en) * | 1972-05-24 | 1974-09-10 | J Viracola | Method and apparatus for classifying the tire width of moving vehicles |
| FR2254842A1 (en) * | 1973-12-17 | 1975-07-11 | Charre Jean Louis | Electronic traffic detector laid across roadway - is easy to install and well protected by flexible PVC type strips |
| DE3009679A1 (en) * | 1980-03-11 | 1981-09-24 | Elmeg Elektro-Mechanik Gmbh, 3150 Peine | METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIATING VEHICLES OF DIFFERENT TYPE IN ROAD TRAFFIC |
| DE3100724A1 (en) * | 1981-01-13 | 1982-07-29 | Scheidt & Bachmann GmbH, 4050 Mönchengladbach | Method for monitoring the presence of vehicles within certain traffic areas |
| US4945356A (en) * | 1983-06-09 | 1990-07-31 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Strip material for and a surface mounted inductive loop |
| FR2549625A1 (en) * | 1983-07-21 | 1985-01-25 | Electronique Controle Mesure | Device for classifying vehicles travelling on a roadway into categories. |
-
1992
- 1992-07-06 FR FR929208416A patent/FR2693301B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-07-06 ES ES93914823T patent/ES2098759T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-06 AT AT93914823T patent/ATE146889T1/en active
- 1993-07-06 CA CA002139577A patent/CA2139577C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-06 WO PCT/FR1993/000699 patent/WO1994001847A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1993-07-06 EP EP93914823A patent/EP0649553B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-06 US US08/367,112 patent/US5614894A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-06 AU AU45059/93A patent/AU4505993A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1993-07-06 DE DE69306954T patent/DE69306954T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2693301B1 (en) | 1994-08-05 |
| FR2693301A1 (en) | 1994-01-07 |
| CA2139577A1 (en) | 1994-01-20 |
| AU4505993A (en) | 1994-01-31 |
| CA2139577C (en) | 2003-09-09 |
| DE69306954T2 (en) | 1997-07-03 |
| EP0649553A1 (en) | 1995-04-26 |
| DE69306954D1 (en) | 1997-02-06 |
| ATE146889T1 (en) | 1997-01-15 |
| WO1994001847A1 (en) | 1994-01-20 |
| US5614894A (en) | 1997-03-25 |
| ES2098759T3 (en) | 1997-05-01 |
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