EP0647726B1 - Method for treatment of pieces - Google Patents

Method for treatment of pieces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0647726B1
EP0647726B1 EP94202679A EP94202679A EP0647726B1 EP 0647726 B1 EP0647726 B1 EP 0647726B1 EP 94202679 A EP94202679 A EP 94202679A EP 94202679 A EP94202679 A EP 94202679A EP 0647726 B1 EP0647726 B1 EP 0647726B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parts
reaction gas
furnace
hardening
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94202679A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0647726A1 (en
Inventor
Hans-Peter Schmidt
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Messer Griesheim GmbH
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Messer Griesheim GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Messer Griesheim GmbH filed Critical Messer Griesheim GmbH
Publication of EP0647726A1 publication Critical patent/EP0647726A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0647726B1 publication Critical patent/EP0647726B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/10—Oxidising
    • C23C8/16—Oxidising using oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. water, carbon dioxide
    • C23C8/18—Oxidising of ferrous surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
    • C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating Parts, especially steel and / or cast parts.
  • Steel parts are made using protective gases such as Nitrogen, nitrogen / propane mixture, endogas, exogas and the like in an oven to the respective austenitizing temperature warmed and by quenching agents hardened with any quenching speed (U.S. Patent 2,673,821).
  • protective gases such as Nitrogen, nitrogen / propane mixture, endogas, exogas and the like in an oven to the respective austenitizing temperature warmed and by quenching agents hardened with any quenching speed (U.S. Patent 2,673,821).
  • the invention has for its object a method to make parts blue during hardening.
  • the invention can be used for a subsequent oxidation treatment be dispensed with because the steel and / or castings a uniform, thin oxide layer (iron oxide) by introducing or spraying a reducing and at the same time oxidizing reaction gas in the Furnace space during the hardening process at the respective Get hardening temperature.
  • the simultaneous blueing and Hardening the parts increases the efficiency of the process.
  • they could be created the amount of hydrocarbons used in the flame curtain by feeding the reaction gas almost be halved.
  • the oxidizing Components such as water, carbon dioxide or air become the Soot formation due to incomplete combustion of the flame gases, for example of propane, greatly reduced, so that the cleaning intervals of the furnace room also grow.
  • a reducing and at the same time oxidizing reaction gas is fed into a hardening furnace via a known injector spray lance, thereby creating a gas atmosphere which has a slightly oxidizing effect.
  • the pure, liquid substances methanol and water as well as gaseous nitrogen are preferably mixed with the help of the injector spray lance and reach the hot part of the furnace, finely atomized, through the outlet holes. Due to the high furnace temperature, the liquid substances evaporate, whereby gaseous methanol splits into two parts hydrogen and one part carbon monoxide. Methanol fission gas is the reducing component, while water vapor is the oxidizing component.
  • Nitrogen is used to atomize the liquid substances and to dilute the oxidizing and reducing components of the gas atmosphere.
  • the hardened material is placed outside the furnace on a transport system and transported to the furnace chamber.
  • the parts are heated to the respective austenitizing temperature (860 - 940 ° C) and then suddenly fall into a quenching bath, especially an oil or salt bath.
  • a quenching bath especially an oil or salt bath.
  • the surface of the parts is easily oxidized by the water vapor in the gas atmosphere of the furnace. So that the oxidation of the parts does not already take place at low temperatures, the flame curtain, which is located in the lower part of the furnace inlet, is optimally adjusted, i.e.
  • the amount of propane or natural gas (hydrocarbons) is matched to the amount of reaction gas fed in so that the flame curtain binds oxygen, thus preventing early oxidation of the parts to be hardened.
  • the flame curtain is installed across the conveying direction.
  • the amounts of propane are 100-2000 l / h and the reaction gas amounts are 2-20 m 3 / h.
  • reaction gas nitrogen-methanol-water nitrogen-methanol-water. It is of course also with other reaction gases feasible which is a reducing and oxidizing Have component.

Abstract

In a process for treating parts, esp. steel and/or cast iron parts, the parts are subjected to combined oxidn. (blueing) and hardening by introduction or injection of a reducing and oxidising reaction gas at the hardening temp. into the treatment furnace. Pref. the reaction gas is produced using a methanol-water mixt.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Behandeln von Teilen, insbesondere Stahl- und/oder Gußteilen.The invention relates to a method for treating Parts, especially steel and / or cast parts.

Stahlteile werden unter Einsatz von Schutzgasen, wie Stickstoff, Stickstoff/Propan-Gemisch, Endogas, Exogas und dergleichen in einem Ofen auf die jeweilige Austenitisierungstemperatur erwärmt und durch Abschreckmittel mit beliebigen Abschreckgeschwindigkeiten gehärtet (US-PS 2,673,821).Steel parts are made using protective gases such as Nitrogen, nitrogen / propane mixture, endogas, exogas and the like in an oven to the respective austenitizing temperature warmed and by quenching agents hardened with any quenching speed (U.S. Patent 2,673,821).

Viele der gehärteten Stahlteile werden anschließend in einer zweiten Wärmebehandlung bei Temperaturen zwischen 300 und 570°C oxidiert, um eine visuell ansprechendere Oberfläche zu bekommen und das Werkstück gegen Flugrost korrosionsbeständiger und gegen Abrieb widerstandsfähiger zu machen. Es bildet sich ein blaues Eisenoxid Fe3O4, das zu dem Begriff "Bläuen" geführt hat.Many of the hardened steel parts are then oxidized in a second heat treatment at temperatures between 300 and 570 ° C in order to obtain a more visually appealing surface and to make the workpiece more corrosion-resistant and more resistant to abrasion. A blue iron oxide Fe 3 O 4 is formed , which has led to the term "blueing".

Mit den herkömmlichen Schutzgasen, die beim Härteprozeß zum Einsatz kommen, ist ein Oxidieren (Bläuen) der Oberfläche der Stahlteile nicht möglich.With the conventional protective gases used in the hardening process are used is an oxidation (blueing) of the surface of the steel parts not possible.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Bläuen von Teilen während des Härtens zu schaffen.The invention has for its object a method to make parts blue during hardening.

Ausgehend von dem im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 berücksichtigten Stand der Technik ist diese Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß gelöst mit den im kennzeichnenden Teil des Anspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmalen.Starting from that considered in the preamble of claim 1 This object is the state of the art according to the invention solved with those in the characterizing part of claim 1 specified features.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben.Advantageous developments of the invention are in the Subclaims specified.

Durch die Erfindung kann auf eine nachgeschaltete Oxidationsbehandlung verzichtet werden, da die Stahl- und/ oder Gußteile eine gleichmäßig, dünne Oxidschicht (Eisenoxid) durch Einleiten oder Verdüsen eines reduzierenden und gleichzeitig oxidierenden Reaktionsgases im Ofenraum während dem Härteprozeß bei der jeweiligen Härtetemperatur erhalten. Das gleichzeitige Bläuen und Härten der Teile erhöht die Wirtschaftlichkeit des Verfahrens. Überraschenderweise konnten die zum Erzeugen des Flammenschleiers verwendeten Mengen an Kohlenwasserstoffen durch Einspeisen des Reaktionsgases fast halbiert werden. Durch die Einspeisung der oxidierenden Komponenten wie Wasser, Kohlendioxid oder Luft wird die Rußbildung durch unvollständige Verbrennung der Flammengase, beispielsweise des Propans, stark gemindert, so daß die Reinigungsintervalle des Ofenraumes ebenfalls größer werden. The invention can be used for a subsequent oxidation treatment be dispensed with because the steel and / or castings a uniform, thin oxide layer (iron oxide) by introducing or spraying a reducing and at the same time oxidizing reaction gas in the Furnace space during the hardening process at the respective Get hardening temperature. The simultaneous blueing and Hardening the parts increases the efficiency of the process. Surprisingly, they could be created the amount of hydrocarbons used in the flame curtain by feeding the reaction gas almost be halved. By feeding the oxidizing Components such as water, carbon dioxide or air become the Soot formation due to incomplete combustion of the flame gases, for example of propane, greatly reduced, so that the cleaning intervals of the furnace room also grow.

Durch die Erfindung wird ein reduzierendes und gleichzeitig oxidierendes Reaktionsgas über eine an sich bekannte Injektor-Sprühlanze in einen Härteofen eingespeist und dadurch eine Gasatmosphäre geschaffen, die leicht oxidierend wirkt. Als Reaktionsgas werden bevorzugt die reinen, flüssigen Stoffe Methanol und Wasser sowie gasförmiger Stickstoff mit Hilfe der Injektor-Sprühlanze gemischt und gelangen über die Austrittsbohrungen fein verdüst in den heißen Teil des Ofenraumes. Durch die hohe Ofentemperatur verdampfen die flüssigen Stoffe, wobei sich gasförmiges Methanol in zwei Teile Wasserstoff und einen Teil Kohlenmonoxid aufspaltet. Methanol-Spaltgas bildet die reduzierende Komponente, während Wasserdampf die oxidierende darstellt. Stickstoff dient zur Verdüsung der flüssigen Stoffe und zur Verdünnung der oxidierenden und reduzierenden Bestandteile der Gasatmosphären. Das Härtegut wird außerhalb des Ofens auf ein Transportsystem gelegt und über dieses in den Ofenraum befördert. Im Ofenraum werden die Teile auf die jeweilige Austenitisierungstemperatur (860 - 940°C) erwärmt und fallen dann schlagartig in ein Abschreckbad, insbesondere ein Öl- bzw. Salzbad. Während der Aufheiz- und/oder Haltephase wird die Oberfläche der Teile durch den Wasserdampf in der Gasatmosphäre des Ofens leicht oxidiert. Damit die Oxidation der Teile nicht schon bei niedrigen Temperaturen erfolgt, wird der Flammenschleier, der sich im unteren Teil des Ofeneinlaufes befindet, optimal eingestellt, d.h., die Menge an Propan oder Erdgas (Kohlenwasserstoffe) wird so auf die eingespeiste Menge des Reaktionsgases abgestimmt, daß der Flammenschleier Sauerstoff abbindet und somit eine frühzeitige Oxidation der zu härtenden Teile verhindert wird. Der Flammenschleier ist quer zur Förderrichtung installiert. Die Mengen an Propan liegen bei 100 - 2000 l/h und die Reaktionsgasmengen bei 2 - 20 m3/h.By means of the invention, a reducing and at the same time oxidizing reaction gas is fed into a hardening furnace via a known injector spray lance, thereby creating a gas atmosphere which has a slightly oxidizing effect. As the reaction gas, the pure, liquid substances methanol and water as well as gaseous nitrogen are preferably mixed with the help of the injector spray lance and reach the hot part of the furnace, finely atomized, through the outlet holes. Due to the high furnace temperature, the liquid substances evaporate, whereby gaseous methanol splits into two parts hydrogen and one part carbon monoxide. Methanol fission gas is the reducing component, while water vapor is the oxidizing component. Nitrogen is used to atomize the liquid substances and to dilute the oxidizing and reducing components of the gas atmosphere. The hardened material is placed outside the furnace on a transport system and transported to the furnace chamber. In the furnace chamber, the parts are heated to the respective austenitizing temperature (860 - 940 ° C) and then suddenly fall into a quenching bath, especially an oil or salt bath. During the heating and / or holding phase, the surface of the parts is easily oxidized by the water vapor in the gas atmosphere of the furnace. So that the oxidation of the parts does not already take place at low temperatures, the flame curtain, which is located in the lower part of the furnace inlet, is optimally adjusted, i.e. the amount of propane or natural gas (hydrocarbons) is matched to the amount of reaction gas fed in so that the flame curtain binds oxygen, thus preventing early oxidation of the parts to be hardened. The flame curtain is installed across the conveying direction. The amounts of propane are 100-2000 l / h and the reaction gas amounts are 2-20 m 3 / h.

Durch das neue Verfahren konnten gleichmäßige und gut haftende Schichten (blaue Farbe) beim Härten von Stahlteilen eingestellt werden. Eine Blasenbildung wurde nicht festgestellt.With the new process, uniform and good adhesive layers (blue color) when hardening steel parts can be set. There was blistering not found.

Das Verfahren nach der Erfindung wurde vorstehend mit dem Reaktionsgas Stickstoff-Methanol-Wasser beschrieben. Es ist selbstverständlich auch mit anderen Reaktionsgasen durchführbar, die eine reduzierende und oxidierende Komponente aufweisen.The method according to the invention has been described above described the reaction gas nitrogen-methanol-water. It is of course also with other reaction gases feasible which is a reducing and oxidizing Have component.

Claims (4)

  1. Process for the treatment of parts, in particular steel and/or cast parts, characterized in that the parts are jointly oxidized (blued) and hardened in a furnace by means of passing or atomizing a reducing and oxidizing reaction gas in the furnace space at hardening temperatures, a slightly oxidizing gas atmosphere being created.
  2. Process according to Claim 1, characterized in that a methanol/water mixture is used to produce the reaction gas.
  3. Process according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in order to produce the reaction gas a liquid is used which is atomized and diluted by means of gaseous nitrogen.
  4. Process according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reaction gas is produced by atomizing in that part of the furnace in which the parts are heated to the final temperature during hardening.
EP94202679A 1993-10-06 1994-09-16 Method for treatment of pieces Expired - Lifetime EP0647726B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4333940 1993-10-06
DE4333940A DE4333940C1 (en) 1993-10-06 1993-10-06 Process for treating parts

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0647726A1 EP0647726A1 (en) 1995-04-12
EP0647726B1 true EP0647726B1 (en) 1999-12-08

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EP94202679A Expired - Lifetime EP0647726B1 (en) 1993-10-06 1994-09-16 Method for treatment of pieces

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Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19736514C5 (en) * 1997-08-22 2004-11-25 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Process for jointly oxidizing and heat treating parts
DE19937186C1 (en) * 1999-08-06 2000-09-07 Mannesmann Sachs Ag Ferrous metal part is surface oxidized, e.g. for corrosion protection of steel clutch, torsion vibration damper and/or flywheel components, by exposing the heated part to an oxygen-rich atmosphere and gas cooling
DE10156326B4 (en) * 2001-11-19 2004-02-12 Schilling, Jörg, Dipl.-Ing. Process for surface decoration and surface hardening of ferrometallic parts
DE10235131A1 (en) 2002-08-01 2004-02-19 Ipsen International Gmbh Method and device for blackening components
DE102010032919B4 (en) * 2010-07-30 2023-10-05 Air Liquide Deutschland Gmbh Method and device for humidifying a combustible gas
ITMI20110366A1 (en) 2011-03-10 2012-09-11 Sol Spa PROCEDURE FOR STEEL TREATMENT.

Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2673821A (en) * 1950-11-18 1954-03-30 Midwest Research Inst Heat treatment of steel in a protective atmosphere

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DE918933C (en) * 1950-07-27 1954-10-07 Robert Von Linde Dipl Ing Process for the production of a flammable bright glow gas
JP2590182B2 (en) * 1987-03-07 1997-03-12 株式会社東芝 Blackening furnace and method of manufacturing shadow mask using this blackening furnace
GB2233672A (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-01-16 Shell Int Research High temperature treatment of stainless steals used in high temperature reactors
GB2234530A (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-02-06 Shell Int Research Heat treatment of high temperature steels

Patent Citations (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2673821A (en) * 1950-11-18 1954-03-30 Midwest Research Inst Heat treatment of steel in a protective atmosphere

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
R. ERNST: "Wörterbuch der industriellen Technik, Band II Englisch-Deutsch" , S. 111, OSCAR BRANDSTETTER VERLAG, WIESBADEN (DE) *

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Publication number Publication date
DE4333940C1 (en) 1994-12-08
EP0647726A1 (en) 1995-04-12
ATE187504T1 (en) 1999-12-15
DE59408983D1 (en) 2000-01-13

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