EP0642853A1 - Method of joining thin plates and device for carrying out the method - Google Patents

Method of joining thin plates and device for carrying out the method Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0642853A1
EP0642853A1 EP94113827A EP94113827A EP0642853A1 EP 0642853 A1 EP0642853 A1 EP 0642853A1 EP 94113827 A EP94113827 A EP 94113827A EP 94113827 A EP94113827 A EP 94113827A EP 0642853 A1 EP0642853 A1 EP 0642853A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
force
die
punch
measuring device
working stroke
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EP94113827A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0642853B1 (en
Inventor
Viktor Dipl-Ing Malina
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Tox Pressotechnik GmbH and Co KG
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Tox Pressotechnik GmbH and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/03—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of sheet metal otherwise than by folding
    • B21D39/031—Joining superposed plates by locally deforming without slitting or piercing

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for connecting thin plates lying one on top of the other according to the preamble of claim 1 and on an apparatus for carrying out this method according to the preamble of claim 19.
  • Such processes are used in industrial mass production, for example in automobile construction. Monitoring the quality of the connection points or ensuring certain quality requirements for such connection points is therefore of particular importance in this process.
  • the occurrence of defects in the implementation of this method must be recognized and eliminated as quickly as possible in order to keep the rejects and machine downtimes as short as possible.
  • Such defects can be caused by a material breakage, in particular the stamp or the die. It is important to recognize every faulty connection point in order to sort out the corresponding part or to repeat a connection process.
  • a criterion for the quality of the connection or its lack is the remaining thickness of the remaining material in the area of the joint.
  • quality assurance consists in monitoring the stamp force with regard to a permissible maximum value and in measuring the residual material thickness after the connection has been made. As a result, only a part of the deficiencies that may occur is recorded. The subsequent measurement of the residual material thickness is also cumbersome and time-consuming.
  • the method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 and the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 19 has the advantage that defects occurring to a much greater extent are detected and that no separate measurement of the residual material thickness has to be carried out.
  • the pressing force that is to say the punch or die force, does not have to be taken up in the form of a measuring curve against the working stroke during the entire joining process. By measuring the pressing force at a given working stroke, every faulty connection is recognized. Monitoring is carried out by comparison with predetermined maximum and minimum values. If the pressing force is below the specified minimum value, for example stamp or die break is displayed; on the other hand, if it exceeds the specified maximum value, this indicates plates that are too thick or material that is too hard to be joined.
  • the stripping force required to strip the connected plates from the punch is also measured.
  • a lining of the material is determined, which is particularly important when using the invention in robot devices.
  • the pressing force is measured immediately after the squeezing process has ended. If the plates connected by the joining process at the joining point only have those for the Joining process characteristic residual floor thickness, the actual joining process is completed.
  • the pressing force assigned to the relevant working stroke is therefore particularly instructive for the joining process.
  • the measured forces are compared with a predetermined maximum value and a predetermined minimum value. If the measured value lies within the interval defined by the maximum and minimum value, the connection that has been made corresponds to the specified quality, but if it lies outside the interval, the connection is faulty. The comparison of the measured value with the interval is therefore sufficient to characterize the connection.
  • a signal when the predetermined maximum value is exceeded and when the predetermined minimum value is undershot, a signal is generated which can be used to control an optical and / or acoustic display device in order to draw attention to the presence of a defect.
  • the signal can also be used to control the interruption of the joining process, which can reduce waste and downtimes in production.
  • a signal is generated if the punch or the die does not cover the specified working stroke during the joining process.
  • the signal is advantageously a control signal with which an optical and / or acoustic display device is activated.
  • the signal can also be used to interrupt the joining process.
  • the maximum and minimum values are available in an electrical memory. This allows the values to be adjusted as required. There can also be several sets of values in the memory in order to quickly meet different requirements, for example when changing tools or materials.
  • the predetermined working stroke is available in a memory.
  • the working stroke can thus also be set using a computer having the memory.
  • the input of the values into the memory is protected. This ensures that changes can only be made by authorized persons.
  • the forces are measured at several joints at the same time, the values determined being evaluated by a common device.
  • the measured values determined are displayed optically.
  • the visual display makes it easier to distinguish between different types of errors so that the appropriate countermeasures can be taken.
  • the measured values determined can be saved in order to enable subsequent evaluation.
  • the measurement values are saved quality control, since the joining process can be checked in the event of later complaints.
  • the device according to the invention for carrying out the method with the features of claim 19 is advantageously adapted to the requirements of the method.
  • Force measuring devices are provided in the die holder, or in the punch holder, or on the stripper, preferably strain gauges or piezoelectric sensors are used, for example a piezo force transducer in the die holder, a piezo transverse dowel in the punch holder and a piezo measuring ring on the stripper.
  • a position detector ensures that the measurement is carried out exactly at the previously set working stroke.
  • the position indicator can advantageously be accommodated in a stamp stroke limiter.
  • the press 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a C-shaped frame 2, the lower part of which serves as a press table 3 on which the die holder 4 for the die 5 is arranged.
  • a stripping device 9 is arranged around the stamp holder 8 for stripping plates hanging on the stamp.
  • the punch 8 is moved up and down via a pressure cylinder 10 by a press drive 11 provided on the upper side of the C-shaped frame 2.
  • the die holder 4 there is a piezo force transducer with which the die force exerted by the die is determined.
  • a piezo transverse dowel 12 is provided in the stamp holder 7 to determine the stamping force exerted.
  • a piezo measuring ring 13 arranged around the pressure cylinder 10 is provided on the stripper 9 to determine the stripping force.
  • the pressure cylinder 10 has a position indicator 14, which activates the force measuring devices for a given stamp path to measure the stamp force and possibly the die force.
  • the position detector can also be included in the stroke limiter 15. The evaluation devices and the electrical connections between the evaluation devices and the measuring devices are not shown.
  • the diagram in FIG. 2 shows an example of the course of the stamp force as a function of the stamp path during a joining process.
  • the punch force increases steadily until the end of the joining process, but not linearly, but differently depending on the joining phase.
  • the various joining phases in the order of their sequence during the joining process, are first combined sinking and pushing through, followed by upsetting and widthing, then filling the upper contour of the die engraving, filling the ring channel of the die and finally backward extrusion to interlock the plate elements to be connected.
  • the stamp force is measured by the force measuring device on the value of the stamp path marked with I in the diagram, the measured value is marked with II.
  • An interval V is defined by the minimum value III and the maximum value IV.
  • the joining process that has taken place corresponds to the specified quality.
  • the measured value VI exceeds the predetermined maximum value IV, the joining is faulty. Possible causes in this case are too thick a sheet, too much sheet layer, too high sheet strength or wrong tool combination. A faulty joining is also present if the measured value VII falls below the minimum value III. In this case the breakage of the punch or die, a missing sheet position or wrong tool combination can be the cause. Another possibility of an incorrect joining is indicated by the point marked with VIII.
  • the position detector could not activate the force measuring device because the stamp did not cover the specified stamp path.
  • the cause can either be a press force that is set too low, a press stroke that has not been carried out completely, or the failure to reach the remaining floor thickness at the joining point.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used for methods with a rotary movement of the stamp.
  • the rotary movement is then determined by means of an angle encoder.
  • an acceleration measurement can also be carried out, for example by measuring the structure-borne noise generated during the stroke, in order to ensure compliance with a target value with a tolerance range. Accelerations that are too high lead to high material wear and an increased risk of tool breakage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Presses (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

Quality control in the cold-joining process as applied to superimposed plates or pieces of plate, in which the pressing force is monitored in at least one predetermined position of the die and the punch. <IMAGE>

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zum Verbinden aufeinanderliegender dünner Platten nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 1 und von einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens nach der Gattung des Anspruchs 19.The invention is based on a method for connecting thin plates lying one on top of the other according to the preamble of claim 1 and on an apparatus for carrying out this method according to the preamble of claim 19.

Bei einem bekannten Kaltfügeverfahren dieser Art (DE 35 32 899) werden die übereinanderliegenden Plattenstücke beim gemeinsamen Durchsetzen entlang eines Teils ihrer Umrißlinien gestanzt und aus der Plattenebene herausgedrückt. Anschließend werden die herausgedrückten Plattenstücke durch eine Gegenkraft breitgequetscht, wobei ein Stanznocken erzeugt wird, welcher die zu verbindenden Plattenabschnitte hintergreift. Bei einem anderen bekannten Verfahren dieser Art (DE 35 32 900) werden aus den zu verbindenden Plattenabschnitten Plattenstücke gemeinsam durchsetzt wobei infolge der Ausgestaltung der Matrize sich beim Stauchen der Plattenstücke ein Rückfließvorgang ergibt, der zu einer Hintergreifung der Plattenstücke an den übereinanderliegenden Plattenabschnitten führt.In a known cold joining method of this type (DE 35 32 899), the plate pieces lying one above the other are punched out and pushed out along the part of their contour lines and pushed out of the plane of the plate. The pressed-out plate pieces are then squeezed out broadly by a counterforce, producing a punching cam which engages behind the plate sections to be connected. In another known method of this type (DE 35 32 900), plate pieces are passed through together from the plate sections to be connected, and due to the design of the die, a backflow process results when the plate pieces are compressed, which leads to engagement of the plate pieces on the stacked plate sections.

Derartige Verfahren werden in der industriellen Massenproduktion eingesetzt, beispielsweise im Automobilbau. Ein Überwachen der Qualität der Verbindungsstellen bzw. das Sicherstellen bestimmter Güteanforderungen an solche Verbindungsstellen, ist daher bei diesem Verfahren von besonderer Bedeutung. Das Auftreten von Mängeln bei der Durchführung dieses Verfahrens muß schnellstmöglich erkannt und beseitigt werden, um den Ausschuß und die Maschinenstillstandszeiten möglichst gering zu halten. Solche Mängel können durch einen Materialbruch, insbesondere des Stempels oder der Matrize, hervorgerufen sein. Es ist dabei wichtig, jede fehlerhafte Verbindungsstelle zu erkennen, um das entsprechende Teil aussortieren bzw. einen Verbindungsvorgang wiederholen zu können. Ein Kriterium für die Qualität der Verbindung bzw. deren Mangel ist dabei die verbleibende Restmaterialstärke im Bereich der Fügestelle. Bei den bekannten Verfahren besteht die Qualitätssicherung in einer Überwachung der Stempelkraft bezüglich eines zulässigen Maximalwertes und in einer nach erfolgter Verbindung durchgeführten Messung der Restmaterialstärke. Dadurch wird nur ein Teil der möglicherweise auftretenden Mängel erfaßt. Die nachfolgende Messung der Restmaterialstärke ist zudem umständlich und zeitaufwendig.Such processes are used in industrial mass production, for example in automobile construction. Monitoring the quality of the connection points or ensuring certain quality requirements for such connection points is therefore of particular importance in this process. The occurrence of defects in the implementation of this method must be recognized and eliminated as quickly as possible in order to keep the rejects and machine downtimes as short as possible. Such defects can be caused by a material breakage, in particular the stamp or the die. It is important to recognize every faulty connection point in order to sort out the corresponding part or to repeat a connection process. A criterion for the quality of the connection or its lack is the remaining thickness of the remaining material in the area of the joint. In the known methods, quality assurance consists in monitoring the stamp force with regard to a permissible maximum value and in measuring the residual material thickness after the connection has been made. As a result, only a part of the deficiencies that may occur is recorded. The subsequent measurement of the residual material thickness is also cumbersome and time-consuming.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 bzw. die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit den kennzeichenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 19 hat demgegenüber den Vorteil, daß in weit größerem Maße auftretende Mängel erfaßt werden und daß keine separate Messung der Restmaterialstärke mehr durchgeführt werden muß. Auch muß die Preßkraft, das heißt die Stempel- oder Matrizenkraft nicht während des gesamten Fügevorgangs in Form einer Meßkurve Preßkraft gegen Arbeitshub aufgenommen werden. Durch die Messung der Preßkraft bei einem vorgegebenen Arbeitshub wird jede fehlerhafte Verbindung erkannt. Die Überwachung erfolgt durch Vergleich mit vorgegebenen Maximalwerten und Minimalwerten. Liegt die Preßkraft unterhalb des vorgegebenen Minimalwerts, so wird beispielsweise Stempel- oder Matrizenbruch angezeigt, überschreitet sie dagegen den vorgegebenen Maximalwert, so weist dies auf zu dicke Platten oder zu hartes Material der zu verbindenden Platten hin.The method according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 1 and the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 19 has the advantage that defects occurring to a much greater extent are detected and that no separate measurement of the residual material thickness has to be carried out. Also, the pressing force, that is to say the punch or die force, does not have to be taken up in the form of a measuring curve against the working stroke during the entire joining process. By measuring the pressing force at a given working stroke, every faulty connection is recognized. Monitoring is carried out by comparison with predetermined maximum and minimum values. If the pressing force is below the specified minimum value, for example stamp or die break is displayed; on the other hand, if it exceeds the specified maximum value, this indicates plates that are too thick or material that is too hard to be joined.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird außer der Preßkraft auch die zum Abstreifen der verbundenen Platten vom Stempel erforderliche Abstreifkraft gemessen. Durch die Messung der Abstreifkraft wird ein Ausfuttern des Materials festgestellt, was insbesondere bei der Verwendung der Erfindung in Robotereinrichtungen wichtig ist.According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, in addition to the pressing force, the stripping force required to strip the connected plates from the punch is also measured. By measuring the stripping force, a lining of the material is determined, which is particularly important when using the invention in robot devices.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung erfolgt die Messung der Preßkraft unmittelbar nach Beendigung des Quetschvorgangs. Weisen die durch den Fügeprozeß verbundenen Platten am Fügepunkt nur noch die für den Fügeprozeß charakteristische Restbodenstärke auf, so ist der eigentliche Fügeprozeß abgeschlossen. Die dem betreffenden Arbeitshub zugeordnete Preßkraft ist deshalb für den Fügeprozeß besonders aufschlußreich.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the pressing force is measured immediately after the squeezing process has ended. If the plates connected by the joining process at the joining point only have those for the Joining process characteristic residual floor thickness, the actual joining process is completed. The pressing force assigned to the relevant working stroke is therefore particularly instructive for the joining process.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die gemessenen Kräfte mit einem vorgegebenen Maximalwert und einem vorgegebenen Minimalwert verglichen. Liegt der Meßwert innerhalb des durch Maximal- und Minimalwert definierten Intervalls, so entspricht die erfolgte Verbindung der vorgegebenen Güte, liegt er dagegen außerhalb des Intervalls, so ist die Verbindung fehlerhaft. Der Vergleich des Meßwerts mit dem Intervall ist damit zur Charakterisierung der Verbindung ausreichend.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the measured forces are compared with a predetermined maximum value and a predetermined minimum value. If the measured value lies within the interval defined by the maximum and minimum value, the connection that has been made corresponds to the specified quality, but if it lies outside the interval, the connection is faulty. The comparison of the measured value with the interval is therefore sufficient to characterize the connection.

Nach weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung wird bei Überschreiten des vorgegebenen Maximalwerts und bei Unterschreiten des vorgegebenen Minimalwerts ein Signal erzeugt, welches zum Ansteuern einer optischen und/oder akustischen Anzeigeeinrichtung dienen kann, um auf das Vorliegen eines Mangels aufmerksam zu machen. Das Signal kann auch zur Steuerung der Unterbrechung des Fügevorgangs verwendet werden, wodurch der Ausschuß und die Stillstandzeit der Fertigung verringert werden kann.According to further advantageous refinements of the invention, when the predetermined maximum value is exceeded and when the predetermined minimum value is undershot, a signal is generated which can be used to control an optical and / or acoustic display device in order to draw attention to the presence of a defect. The signal can also be used to control the interruption of the joining process, which can reduce waste and downtimes in production.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung wird ein Signal erzeugt, falls der Stempel oder die Matrize beim Fügevorgang nicht den vorgegebenen Arbeitshub zurücklegt. Vorteilhafterweise ist das Signal ein Steuersignal, mit welchem eine optische und/oder akustische Anzeigeeinrichtung angesteuert wird. Das Signal kann ebenfalls zur Unterbrechung des Fügevorgangs dienen.According to a further advantageous embodiment, a signal is generated if the punch or the die does not cover the specified working stroke during the joining process. The signal is advantageously a control signal with which an optical and / or acoustic display device is activated. The signal can also be used to interrupt the joining process.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegen die Maximal- und Minimalwerte abrufbar in einem elektrischen Speicher vor. Hierdurch können die Werte je nach Bedarf angepaßt werden. Es können auch mehrere Sätze von Werten im Speicher vorliegen, um unterschiedlichen Anforderungen, beispielsweise bei Werkzeug- oder Materialwechsel, schnell gerecht zu werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the maximum and minimum values are available in an electrical memory. This allows the values to be adjusted as required. There can also be several sets of values in the memory in order to quickly meet different requirements, for example when changing tools or materials.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt der vorgegebene Arbeitshub abrufbar in einem Speicher vor. Neben der Möglichkeit, den Arbeitshub manuell zum Beispiel mit Hilfe von Schaltern vorzugeben, kann somit auch der Arbeitshub über einen den Speicher aufweisenden Rechner eingestellt werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the predetermined working stroke is available in a memory. In addition to the possibility of specifying the working stroke manually, for example with the aid of switches, the working stroke can thus also be set using a computer having the memory.

Nach einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung dieser Merkmale ist die Eingabe der Werte in den Speicher geschützt. Hierdurch ist gewährleistet, daß Änderungen nur durch Befugte vorgenommen werden können.According to an advantageous development of these features, the input of the values into the memory is protected. This ensures that changes can only be made by authorized persons.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die Kräfte an meheren Fügestellen gleichzeitig gemessen, wobei die ermittelten Werte von einer gemeinsamen Einrichtung ausgewertet werden.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the forces are measured at several joints at the same time, the values determined being evaluated by a common device.

Nach einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung werden die ermittelten Meßwerte optisch angezeigt. Die optische Anzeige erleichtert die Unterscheidung verschiedener Fehlerarten, um dadurch die geeigneten Gegenmaßnahmen vornehmen zu können. Hierfür können die ermittelten Meßwerte gespeichert werden, um eine nachträgliche Auswertung zu ermöglichen. Gleichzeitig dient die Speicherung der Meßwerte der Qualitätskontrolle, indem bei späteren Reklamationen der Fügevorgang nachgeprüft werden kann.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the measured values determined are displayed optically. The visual display makes it easier to distinguish between different types of errors so that the appropriate countermeasures can be taken. For this purpose, the measured values determined can be saved in order to enable subsequent evaluation. At the same time, the measurement values are saved quality control, since the joining process can be checked in the event of later complaints.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 19 ist an die Verfahrenserfordernisse vorteilhaft angepaßt. Kraftmeßeinrichtungen sind in der Matrizenaufnahme, bzw im Stempelhalter, oder am Abstreifer vorgesehen, wobei bevorzugt Dehnmeßstreifen oder piezo-elektrische Geber verwendet werden, zum Beispiel ein Piezo-Kraftaufnehmer in der Matrizenaufnahme, ein Piezo-Quermeßdübel im Stempelhalter und ein Piezo-Meßring am Abstreifer. Ein Positionmelder sorgt dafür, daß die Messung genau bei dem zuvor eingestellten Arbeitshub erfolgt. Vorteilhafterweise kann der Positionsmelder in einen Stempelhubbegrenzer aufgenommen sein.The device according to the invention for carrying out the method with the features of claim 19 is advantageously adapted to the requirements of the method. Force measuring devices are provided in the die holder, or in the punch holder, or on the stripper, preferably strain gauges or piezoelectric sensors are used, for example a piezo force transducer in the die holder, a piezo transverse dowel in the punch holder and a piezo measuring ring on the stripper. A position detector ensures that the measurement is carried out exactly at the previously set working stroke. The position indicator can advantageously be accommodated in a stamp stroke limiter.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the invention can be found in the following description, the drawing and the claims.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und im folgenden näher beschrieben.
Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung im Teilschnitt und
  • Figur 2 ein Diagramm in dem die Stempelkraft (Ordinate) über dem Stempelweg (Abszisse) aufgetragen ist.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and described in more detail below.
Show it:
  • Figure 1 is a side view of a device according to the invention in partial section and
  • Figure 2 is a diagram in which the stamp force (ordinate) is plotted against the stamp path (abscissa).

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte Presse 1 weist einen C-förmigen Rahmen 2 auf, dessen unterer Teil als Pressentisch 3 dient, auf welchem die Matrizenaufnahme 4 für die Matrize 5 angeordnet ist. Am oberen Ausleger 6 des Rahmens 2 ist, der Matrizenaufnahme 4 gegenüberliegend, ein Stempelhalter 7 vorhanden, zur Aufnahme des Stempels 8. Um den Stempelhalter 8 ist eine Abstreifeinrichtung 9 angeordnet, zum Abstreifen von am Stempel hängenden Platten. Der Stempel 8 wird über einen Druckzylinder 10 von einem auf der Oberseite des C-förmigen Rahmens 2 vorhandenen Pressenantrieb 11 auf- und abbewegt.The press 1 shown in FIG. 1 has a C-shaped frame 2, the lower part of which serves as a press table 3 on which the die holder 4 for the die 5 is arranged. On the upper arm 6 of the frame 2, opposite the die holder 4, there is a stamp holder 7 for receiving the stamp 8. A stripping device 9 is arranged around the stamp holder 8 for stripping plates hanging on the stamp. The punch 8 is moved up and down via a pressure cylinder 10 by a press drive 11 provided on the upper side of the C-shaped frame 2.

In der Matrizenaufnahme 4 ist ein Piezo-Kraftaufnehmer vorhanden, mit welchem die durch die Matrize ausgeübte Matrizenkraft ermittelt wird. In dem Stempelhalter 7 ist ein Piezo-Quermeßdübel 12 vorhanden zur Ermittlung der ausgeübten Stempelkraft. Schließlich ist am Abstreifer 9 ein um den Druckzylinder 10 angeordneter Piezo-Meßring 13 vorhanden zur Ermittlung der Abstreifkraft. Der Druckzylinder 10 weist einen Positionsmelder 14 auf, der bei einem vorgegebenen Stempelweg die Kraftmeßeinrichtungen aktiviert die Stempelkraft und eventuell die Matrizenkraft zu messen. Der Positionsmelder kann auch in den Hubbegrenzer 15 aufgenommen sein. Nicht dargestellt sind die Auswerteeinrichtungen und die elektrischen Verbindungen zwischen den Auswerteeinrichtungen und den Meßeinrichtungen.In the die holder 4 there is a piezo force transducer with which the die force exerted by the die is determined. A piezo transverse dowel 12 is provided in the stamp holder 7 to determine the stamping force exerted. Finally, a piezo measuring ring 13 arranged around the pressure cylinder 10 is provided on the stripper 9 to determine the stripping force. The pressure cylinder 10 has a position indicator 14, which activates the force measuring devices for a given stamp path to measure the stamp force and possibly the die force. The position detector can also be included in the stroke limiter 15. The evaluation devices and the electrical connections between the evaluation devices and the measuring devices are not shown.

Das Diagramm von Figur 2 zeigt beispielhaft den Verlauf der Stempelkraft in Abhängigkeit vom Stempelweg bei einem Fügevorgang. Wie aus dem Schaubild ersichtlich steigt die Stempelkraft zwar stetig bis zum Ende des Fügevorgangs an, jedoch nicht linear, sondern je nach Fügephase unterschiedlich. Die verschiedenen Fügephasen sind in der Reihenfolge ihres Ablaufs beim Fügevorgang zunächst kombiniertes Einsenken und Durchsetzen, gefolgt von Stauchen und Breiten, dann Ausfüllen der oberen Kontur der Matrizengravur, Füllen des Ringkanals der Matrize und schließlich Napfrückwärtsfließpressen zum Verschränken der zu verbindenden Plattenelemente ineinander. An dem mit I im Diagramm markierten Wert des Stempelwegs wird die Stempelkraft durch die Kraftmeßeinrichtung gemessen, der Meßwert ist mit II gekennzeichnet. Durch den Minimalwert III und den Maximalwert IV ist ein Intervall V festgelegt. Liegt der Meßwert II innerhalb des Intervalls V, so entspricht der erfolgte Fügevorgang der vorgegebenen Güte. Übersteigt dagegen der Meßwert VI den vorgegebenen Maximalwert IV, so ist die Fügung fehlerhaft. Mögliche Ursachen sind in diesem Fall zu große Blechdicke, zuviel Blechlage, zu hohe Blechfestigkeit oder falsche Werkzeugkombination. Eine fehlerhafte Fügung liegt außerdem vor, wenn der Meßwert VII den Minimalwert III unterschreitet. In diesem Fall können Stempel- oder Matrizenbruch, eine fehlende Blechlage oder falsche Werkzeugkombination die Ursache sein. Eine weitere Möglichkeit einer fehlerhaften Fügung ist durch den mit VIII markierten Punkt angezeigt. Hier konnte der Positiondmelder nicht die Kraftmeßeinrichtung aktivieren, da der Stempel nicht den vorgegebenen Stempelweg zurückgelegt hat. Die Ursache kann entweder eine zu gering eingestellte Pressenkraft, ein nicht komplett ausgeführter Pressenhub oder das nicht Erreichen der Restbodenstarke im Fügepunkt sein.The diagram in FIG. 2 shows an example of the course of the stamp force as a function of the stamp path during a joining process. As can be seen from the diagram, the punch force increases steadily until the end of the joining process, but not linearly, but differently depending on the joining phase. The various joining phases, in the order of their sequence during the joining process, are first combined sinking and pushing through, followed by upsetting and widthing, then filling the upper contour of the die engraving, filling the ring channel of the die and finally backward extrusion to interlock the plate elements to be connected. The stamp force is measured by the force measuring device on the value of the stamp path marked with I in the diagram, the measured value is marked with II. An interval V is defined by the minimum value III and the maximum value IV. If the measured value II lies within the interval V, the joining process that has taken place corresponds to the specified quality. On the other hand, if the measured value VI exceeds the predetermined maximum value IV, the joining is faulty. Possible causes in this case are too thick a sheet, too much sheet layer, too high sheet strength or wrong tool combination. A faulty joining is also present if the measured value VII falls below the minimum value III. In this case the breakage of the punch or die, a missing sheet position or wrong tool combination can be the cause. Another possibility of an incorrect joining is indicated by the point marked with VIII. Here the position detector could not activate the force measuring device because the stamp did not cover the specified stamp path. The cause can either be a press force that is set too low, a press stroke that has not been carried out completely, or the failure to reach the remaining floor thickness at the joining point.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann außer bei Pressen mit hin- und hergehender Stempelbewegung auch bei Verfahren mit einer Drehbewegung des Stempels verwendet werden. Anstelle der Hubbewegung wird dann die Drehbewegung mittels eines Drehwinkelgebers ermittelt. Zusätzlich zu der Kraftesssung kann noch eine Beschleunigungsmessung vorgenommen werden, beispielsweise durch Messung des beim Hub erzeugten Körperschalls, um auch hier die Einhaltung eines Sollwerts mit Toleranzbereich zu gewährleisten. Zu große Beschleunigungen führen zu hohem Materialverschleiß und erhöhter Werkzeugbruchgefahr.In addition to presses with a reciprocating stamp movement, the method according to the invention can also be used for methods with a rotary movement of the stamp. Instead of the stroke movement, the rotary movement is then determined by means of an angle encoder. In addition to the force measurement, an acceleration measurement can also be carried out, for example by measuring the structure-borne noise generated during the stroke, in order to ensure compliance with a target value with a tolerance range. Accelerations that are too high lead to high material wear and an increased risk of tool breakage.

Alle in der Beschreibung, in den Ansprüchen und der Zeichnung dargestellten Merkmale können sowohl einzeln, als auch in beliebiger Kombination erfindungswesentlich sein.All features shown in the description, in the claims and in the drawing can be essential to the invention both individually and in any combination.

BezugszahlenlisteList of reference numbers

11
PressePress
22nd
Rahmenframe
33rd
PressentischPress table
44th
MatrizenaufnahmeDie holder
55
Matrizedie
66
Auslegerboom
77
StempelhalterStamp holder
88th
Stempelstamp
99
AbstreiferWipers
1010th
DruckzylinderImpression cylinder
1111
PressenantriebPress drive
1212th
Piezo-QuermeßdübelPiezo dowel
1313
Piezo-MeßringPiezo measuring ring
1414
PositionsmelderPosition detector
1515
StempelhubbegrenzerStamp stroke limiter
II.
vorgegebener Stempelwegpredefined stamp path
II, VI, VIIII, VI, VII
mögliche Meßwertepossible measured values
IIIIII
MinimalwertMinimum value
IVIV
MaximalwertMaximum value
VV
Intervallinterval

Claims (26)

Verfahren zum Verbinden aufeinanderliegender dünner Platten, insbesondere Bleche, oder Plattenabschnitte durch Kaltfügen, bei welchem übereinanderliegende Flächenteile der zu verbindenden Platten oder Plattenabschnitte bei einem Arbeitshub durch Zusammenwirken eines Stempels (8) mit einer Matrize (5) gemeinsam tiefgezogen und nachfolgend breitgequetscht werden, mit oder ohne Teilstanzen der Flächenteile, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei mindestens einer durch einen bestimmten Arbeitshub vorgegebenen Stellung der Matrize und des Stempels die Preßkraft gemessen wird, die der Stempel als Stempelkraft oder die Matrize als Matrizenkraft aus die Platten ausübt.Method for connecting superimposed thin plates, in particular sheet metal, or plate sections by cold joining, in which superimposed surface parts of the plates or plate sections to be connected are deep-drawn together during a working stroke by the interaction of a stamp (8) with a die (5) and subsequently squeezed, with or without partial punching of the surface parts, characterized in that at least one position of the die and the punch predetermined by a certain working stroke measures the pressing force which the punch exerts as a punch force or the die as a die force from the plates. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß außer der Preßkraft auch die zum Abstreifen der verbundenen Platten oder Plattenabschnitte vom Stempel erforderliche Abstreifkraft gemessen wird.Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that, in addition to the pressing force, the stripping force required for stripping the connected plates or plate sections from the punch is also measured. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Messung der Preßkraft unmittelbar nach Beendigung des Quetschvorgangs erfolgt.Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the measurement of the pressing force takes place immediately after the squeezing process has ended. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1,2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Meßwerte der Preßkraft und/oder der Abstreifkraft mit einem vorgegebenen Maximalwert und einem vorgegebenen Minimalwert verglichen werden.Method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the measured values of the pressing force and / or the stripping force are compared with a predetermined maximum value and a predetermined minimum value. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Überschreiten eines für die überwachte Kraft vorgegebenen Maximalwerts und bei Unterschreiten eines vorgegebenen Minimalwerts ein Signal erzeugt wird.Method according to Claim 4, characterized in that a signal is generated when a maximum value specified for the monitored force is exceeded and when the value falls below a predetermined minimum value. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Signal erzeugt wird, falls der Stempel oder die Matrize beim Fügevorgang nicht den vorgegebenen Arbeitshub zurücklegt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a signal is generated if the punch or the die does not cover the predetermined working stroke during the joining process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal ein Steuersignal ist, mit welchem eine optische und/oder akustische Anzeigeeinrichtung angesteuert wird.Method according to Claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the signal is a control signal with which an optical and / or acoustic display device is activated. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5,6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Signal zur Steuerung der Unterbrechung eines entsprechenden Fügevorgangs verwendet wird.Method according to Claim 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the signal is used to control the interruption of a corresponding joining process. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fortführung des Verfahrens nach Unterbrechung erst nach Entriegelung möglich ist.Method according to claim 8, characterized in that the continuation of the method after an interruption is only possible after unlocking. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maximalwerte und Minimalwerte abrufbar in einem elektrischen Speicher vorliegen.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the maximum values and minimum values are available in an electrical memory. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Maximalwerte und Minimalwerte an der Kraftmeßeinrichtung manuell oder über einen den Speicher aufweisenden Rechner eingestellt werden können.Method according to claim 10, characterized in that the maximum values and minimum values can be set on the force measuring device manually or via a computer having the memory. Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in dem Speicher mehrere Sätze von Maximalwerten und Minimalwerten gespeichert sind.Method according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a plurality of sets of maximum values and minimum values are stored in the memory. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorgegebene Arbeitshub abrufbar in einem elektrischen Speicher vorliegt.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the predetermined working stroke is available in an electrical memory. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der vorgegebene Arbeitshub an einem Positionsmelder manuell oder über einen den Speicher aufweisenden Rechner eingestellt werden kann.A method according to claim 13, characterized in that the predetermined working stroke can be set manually at a position indicator or via a computer having the memory. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Eingabe der Maximalwerte und Minimalwerte und/oder des Arbeitshubs gegen Entnahme oder Verlust geschützt ist.Method according to one of claims 10 to 14, characterized in that the input of the maximum and minimum values and / or the working stroke is protected against removal or loss. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kräfte an mehreren Kaltfügestellen gleichzeitig gemessen und von einer gemeinsamen Auswerteeinrichtung ausgewertet werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the forces are measured at several cold joining points simultaneously and evaluated by a common evaluation device. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ermittelten Meßwerte optisch angezeigt werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured values determined are displayed optically. Verfahren nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die ermittelten Meßwerte elektrisch gespeichert werden.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured values determined are stored electrically. Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche mit einer in einer mechanischen Presse (1) angeordneten Matrize (5) und einem quer zu den verbindenden Platten hin und her angetriebenen Stempel (8), dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Positionsmelder (14) und mindestens eine Kraftmeßeinrichtung vorhanden sind.Device for carrying out the method according to one of the preceding claims with a die (5) arranged in a mechanical press (1) and a punch (8) driven to and fro transversely to the connecting plates, characterized in that a position indicator (14) and at least one force measuring device is present. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Geber bewegungsschlüßig mit dem Stempel (8) verbunden ist (für eine Linear oder Drehendbewegung).Apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that a transmitter is connected to the plunger (8) in a motion-locking manner (for a linear or rotary end movement). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Kraftmeßeinrichtung ein oder mehrere Piezo-Elemente dient bzw dienen.Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that one or more piezo elements serve or serve as the force measuring device. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19 oder 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Kraftmeßeinrichtung ein oder mehrere Dehnmeßstreifen dient bzw dienen.Apparatus according to claim 19 or 20, characterized in that one or more strain gauges serve or serve as the force measuring device. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Kraftmeßeinrichtung (13) in einer Aufnahme der Matrize (4) oder am Pressentisch (3) vorhanden ist.Device according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that a force measuring device (13) is provided in a receptacle of the die (4) or on the press table (3). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 19 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Kraftmeßeinrichtung (14) zwischen Stempel (8) und Antriebseinrichtung (10) vorhanden ist.Device according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that a force measuring device (14) is provided between the punch (8) and the drive device (10). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Kraftmeßeinrichtung (15) am Abstreifer (9) vorhanden ist.Apparatus according to claim 24, characterized in that a force measuring device (15) is provided on the wiper (9). Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Positionsmelder (14) in einen Stempelhubbegrenzer (15) aufgenommen ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the position indicator (14) is received in a stamp stroke limiter (15).
EP94113827A 1993-09-15 1994-09-03 Method of joining thin plates and device for carrying out the method Revoked EP0642853B1 (en)

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DE4331403A DE4331403A1 (en) 1993-09-15 1993-09-15 Method of joining thin plates and device for carrying out the method
DE4331403 1993-09-15

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EP0876861A1 (en) * 1997-05-05 1998-11-11 Hahn, Ortwin, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Apparatus and method for joining metal sheets
EP0890397A1 (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-01-13 Hahn, Ortwin, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Apparatus and method of mechanical joining from sheet metal plates, profiles, and or multiple-sheet metal connections
EP1459819A2 (en) * 2003-03-20 2004-09-22 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Method and device for determining the degree of crimping of an interlocking connection between at least two components
DE19826290B4 (en) * 1998-02-25 2005-09-01 Salzgitter Ag Process for producing partial double sheet or multiple sheet metal structures
US7752739B2 (en) 1997-07-21 2010-07-13 Newfrey Llc Riveting system and process for forming a riveted joint
US9015920B2 (en) 1997-07-21 2015-04-28 Newfrey Llc Riveting system and process for forming a riveted joint
US9027220B2 (en) 2012-08-07 2015-05-12 Newfrey Llc Rivet setting machine
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EP0876861A1 (en) * 1997-05-05 1998-11-11 Hahn, Ortwin, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Apparatus and method for joining metal sheets
EP0890397A1 (en) * 1997-07-09 1999-01-13 Hahn, Ortwin, Prof. Dr.-Ing. Apparatus and method of mechanical joining from sheet metal plates, profiles, and or multiple-sheet metal connections
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CN1111176A (en) 1995-11-08
DE4331403A1 (en) 1995-03-16
DE59404771D1 (en) 1998-01-22
EP0642853B1 (en) 1997-12-10
JPH07195133A (en) 1995-08-01

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