EP0640485B1 - Thermal printer - Google Patents
Thermal printer Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0640485B1 EP0640485B1 EP94401787A EP94401787A EP0640485B1 EP 0640485 B1 EP0640485 B1 EP 0640485B1 EP 94401787 A EP94401787 A EP 94401787A EP 94401787 A EP94401787 A EP 94401787A EP 0640485 B1 EP0640485 B1 EP 0640485B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paper
- roll
- thermal
- printer
- roller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
Definitions
- the invention relates to thermal printers, and both printers as such, peripherals of other equipment, that devices with integrated printer, such as fax machines.
- the invention relates to thermal printers in which a thermal print head with resistive elements heated, is arranged to print, on a support a priori in paper, pages of a document, to be received from a correspondent if it is a fax machine.
- thermal printers There are mainly two types of printers thermal.
- the support is a special thermal paper, used in roll.
- the support is plain paper, then used in sheets and in reams, but which requires a special printing ribbon, used in roller. More specifically, it is a ribbon coated with a layer hot-melt ink which, when printed, by activating the heating elements from the head, is transferred to a sheet of paper. This is called thermal transfer printing.
- JP-59 059470 teaches a printer that can print sheets of plain paper from a tray using transfer ribbon or heat-sensitive roll paper, replacing tape and received in the housing thereof to limit the volume of the printer. As a result, the printer is limited to the use of rollers thermal paper of very limited size, quickly depleting.
- the present invention aims to remove this limitation.
- the invention relates to a thermal printer comprising a thermal print head, means for driving a paper support in front of the print head, means for introducing sheets of paper, means of extracting sheets of paper, means for driving a thermal transfer printing ribbon in front of the print head, the printer being arranged to receive a paper roll and the extraction means being arranged to unwind the paper roll, characterized in that it includes means arranged to receive a roller hub, movably mounted with a roll transfer and roll support position ink ribbon at a direct printing position and support a thermal paper roll.
- the position of the receiving means of a roller hub being variable, you can choose the receiving position of the thermal paper so that it can receive a roll of relatively large diameter.
- the means for driving the paper support, in sheets or in rolls, usually include a backing roller. Ways paper sheets are provided in the printer the invention but can naturally not be used in the event of a roll paper support.
- the printer is arranged to receive a roll of paper, thermal, but such an arrangement may not be used either.
- the printer shown in Figure 1 belongs to a fax machine and has a thermal print head 1 and a support roller 2 arranged opposite.
- a cover 3 of the printer supports an input magazine 4, associated with an introduction roller 4A, designed to receive a ream of 20 sheets of paper to print, while two pebbles extraction 5 ensure the extraction of the sheets of paper 20, which exit through a slot 3A in the cover 3.
- Two troughs 6 and 7 are arranged to guide the paper 20, respectively entering and outgoing from magazine 4 to head 1 and roller 2, passing between them two, and from the head 1 towards the extraction rollers 5 and the slot 3A.
- a housing 11 of the printer here comprises a fixed axis 12 carrying a supply roll 13 of thermal printing ribbon 14, while that a housing 15 has a drive axis 16 carrying a take-up roll 17 of used tape 14 and coupled in rotation with him.
- the tape 14 passes from the supply roller 13 to the take-up roller 17 by being pressed against the head 1, between the latter and the roller support 2.
- the support roller 2 is rotated by a gear not shown common to the extraction rollers 5 and also ensures, by friction, the drive of the paper 20 and the tape 14.
- a drive motor 18 rotates the axis 16 and unwinds the tape 2 against the action of a guide roller 19 disposed leaving the housing 11.
- a presence detector 21 is also provided. of the ribbon-feeder roller 13.
- the same printer is shown in Figure 2, but is there equipped with a removable receptacle 23 arranged to receive a roll 33 of heat-sensitive paper 34, here carried by an axis or hub 32.
- the receptacle 23 is removably fixed, not illustrated, by clipping on the cover 3, and comprises a chute 24 guide for bringing the heat-sensitive paper 34 to the print head 1.
- the cover 3 here has an external surface 25 of locally concave circular cylindrical shape completing that of the receptacle 23 for coating the paper 33.
- a detector 22 is arranged to detect the presence of the roller of paper 33.
- the detectors 21 and 22 serve to improve the control of the thermal paper guide 33 at the outlet and to be adjusted control of the print head 1 according to the type printing, by tape or with heat-sensitive paper.
- FIG. 3 The second example shown in Figure 3 is the counterpart of that of Figure 1 and the printer, still a fax machine, uses a roll 113 of consumable heat sensitive tape 114.
- the elements of Figures 3 and 4 similar to those of Figures 1 and 2 bear the same reference there, preceded by the hundred 1 and the tens 1 if applicable. Because of this, they are not again described.
- the printer works with a roll 133 of thermal paper 134.
- the cover 103 has an opening 140 bordered by two rotary shutters 141 and 142 opening outwards to receive the roller 133 of thermal paper 134.
- a sliding shutter 143 is mounted sliding on flap 141 to reach the edge in the deployed position shutter 142 and thus close the housing 123 of the roller paper 133.
- a pair of rods, of which only one, 135, is shown, are rotatably mounted at one end around an axis 136 neighboring the connection of the shutter 142 with the cover 103, and they comprise respectively, at opposite ends, two bearings 137 around which a pair is rotatably mounted respectively other links, one of which, 138, is shown.
- the rods 135 and 138 are axially spaced to frame the roller 133 by its sides.
- the bearings 137 are provided to receive the hub 132 of the roller 133.
- the rods 138 provide lateral support roll paper 133 and, in this example, also provide braking.
- flaps 141-143 occupy at rest a folded position, for which they are stacked and close the cover 103, while the rods 135 and 138 are folded back inside the cover 103.
- the links 135 and 138 arranged to receive the hub 132 of the roller 133, are mounted movable from one position 113 thermal transfer printing and roll media ink ribbon at a direct print and media position from roll 133 of thermal paper.
- shutters 141-143 are movable between a closed position and a position opening and receiving the roll 133 of thermal paper.
- the ribbon supply roller 213 and the roll of 233 heat-sensitive paper are housed in the printer, here next to side.
- the presence of the tape feed roller 313 and of the thermo-sensitive paper roll 333 are exclusive of one of the other because they occupy dwellings with a common volume.
Landscapes
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Accessory Devices And Overall Control Thereof (AREA)
- Heat Sensitive Colour Forming Recording (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)
- Handling Of Continuous Sheets Of Paper (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne les imprimantes thermiques, et aussi bien les imprimantes en tant que telles, périphériques d'autres équipements, que les appareils à imprimante intégrée, comme par exemple les télécopieurs.The invention relates to thermal printers, and both printers as such, peripherals of other equipment, that devices with integrated printer, such as fax machines.
Plus particulièrement, l'invention concerne les imprimantes thermiques dans lesquelles une tête d'impression thermique, à éléments résistifs chauffants, est disposée pour imprimer, sur un support a priori en papier, des pages d'un document, à recevoir d'un correspondant s'il s'agit d'un télécopieur. Il existe principalement deux types d'imprimantes thermiques.More particularly, the invention relates to thermal printers in which a thermal print head with resistive elements heated, is arranged to print, on a support a priori in paper, pages of a document, to be received from a correspondent if it is a fax machine. There are mainly two types of printers thermal.
Dans celles du premier type, actuellement les plus répandues, le support est un papier spécial dit thermique, utilisé en rouleau.In those of the first type, currently the most widespread, the support is a special thermal paper, used in roll.
Dans les imprimantes du deuxième type, qui commencent à apparaítre sur le marché, le support est papier ordinaire, utilisé alors en feuilles et en ramette, mais qui nécessite un ruban d'impression spécial, utilisé en rouleau. Il s'agit, plus précisément, d'un ruban revêtu d'une couche d'encre thermo-fusible qui, lors de l'impression, par activation des éléments chauffants de la tête, est transférées sur une feuille du papier. On parle alors d'une impression par transfert thermique.In printers of the second type, which are beginning to appear on the market, the support is plain paper, then used in sheets and in reams, but which requires a special printing ribbon, used in roller. More specifically, it is a ribbon coated with a layer hot-melt ink which, when printed, by activating the heating elements from the head, is transferred to a sheet of paper. This is called thermal transfer printing.
Avec les premières imprimantes, il existe le risque que le rouleau de papier thermique ne se termine prématurément ou inopinément.With the first printers, there is a risk that the roll of thermal paper does not end prematurely or unexpectedly.
Avec les secondes imprimantes, il existe aussi le risque que le rouleau encreur ne se termine prématurément ou inopinément.With second printers, there is also the risk that the roller ink does not end prematurely or unexpectedly.
JP-59 059470 enseigne une imprimante pouvant imprimer des feuilles de papier ordinaire, provenant d'un bac, au moyen d'un ruban à transfert thermique ou bien du papier thermo-sensible en rouleau, se substituant au ruban et reçu dans le logement de celui-ci pour limiter le volume de l'imprimante. De ce fait, l'imprimante est limitée à l'utilisation de rouleaux de papier thermique de taille très limitée, s'épuisant rapidement. JP-59 059470 teaches a printer that can print sheets of plain paper from a tray using transfer ribbon or heat-sensitive roll paper, replacing tape and received in the housing thereof to limit the volume of the printer. As a result, the printer is limited to the use of rollers thermal paper of very limited size, quickly depleting.
La présente invention vise à supprimer cette limitation.The present invention aims to remove this limitation.
A cet effet, l'invention concerne une imprimante thermique comprenant une tête d'impression thermique, des moyens d'entraínement d'un support papier devant la tête d'impression, des moyens d'introduction de feuilles de papier, des moyens d'extraction des feuilles de papier, des moyens pour entraíner un ruban d'impression par transfert thermique devant la tête d'impression, l'imprimante étant agencée pour recevoir un rouleau de papier et les moyens d'extraction étant agencés pour dérouler le rouleau de papier, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comporte des moyens agencés pour recevoir un moyeu de rouleau, montés mobiles d'une position d'impression par transfert thermique et de support d'un rouleau de ruban encreur à une position d'impression directe et de support d'un rouleau de papier thermique.To this end, the invention relates to a thermal printer comprising a thermal print head, means for driving a paper support in front of the print head, means for introducing sheets of paper, means of extracting sheets of paper, means for driving a thermal transfer printing ribbon in front of the print head, the printer being arranged to receive a paper roll and the extraction means being arranged to unwind the paper roll, characterized in that it includes means arranged to receive a roller hub, movably mounted with a roll transfer and roll support position ink ribbon at a direct printing position and support a thermal paper roll.
La position des moyens de réception d'un moyeu de rouleau étant variable, on peut ainsi choisir la position de réception du rouleau de papier thermique pour qu'elle permette de recevoir un rouleau de diamètre relativement important.The position of the receiving means of a roller hub being variable, you can choose the receiving position of the thermal paper so that it can receive a roll of relatively large diameter.
Les moyens d'entraínement du support papier, en feuilles ou en rouleau, comprennent généralement un rouleau d'appui. Les moyens d'introduction des feuilles de papier sont prévus dans l'imprimante de l'invention mais peuvent naturellement ne pas être utilisés en cas d'un support papier en rouleau.The means for driving the paper support, in sheets or in rolls, usually include a backing roller. Ways paper sheets are provided in the printer the invention but can naturally not be used in the event of a roll paper support.
L'imprimante est agencée pour recevoir un rouleau de papier, thermique, mais pareil agencement peut ne pas être utilisé non plus.The printer is arranged to receive a roll of paper, thermal, but such an arrangement may not be used either.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide de la description suivante de quatre formes de réalisation préférées de l'imprimante de l'invention, en référence au dessin annexé, sur lequel :
- la figure 1 est une vue latérale schématique de la première forme de réalisation préférée de l'imprimante de l'invention, utilisant un ruban encreur d'impression à transfert thermique,
- la figure 2 représente l'imprimante de la figure 1, utilisant alors un rouleau de papier thermique,
- la figure 3 est une vue latérale schématique de la seconde forme de réalisation préférée de l'imprimante de l'invention, utilisant un ruban à transfert thermique,
- la figure 4 représente l'imprimante de la figure 3, utilisant alors un rouleau de papier thermique et
- les figures 5 et 6 sont des vues latérales d'une troisième et d'une quatrième forme de réalisation préférée de l'imprimante de l'invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of the first preferred embodiment of the printer of the invention, using a thermal transfer printing ink ribbon,
- FIG. 2 represents the printer of FIG. 1, then using a roll of thermal paper,
- FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of the second preferred embodiment of the printer of the invention, using a thermal transfer ribbon,
- FIG. 4 represents the printer of FIG. 3, then using a roll of thermal paper and
- Figures 5 and 6 are side views of a third and fourth preferred embodiment of the printer of the invention.
L'imprimante représentée sur la figure 1 appartient à un
télécopieur et comporte une tête d'impression thermique 1 et un
rouleau d'appui 2 disposé en regard.The printer shown in Figure 1 belongs to a
fax machine and has a thermal print head 1 and a
Pour la concision de l'exposé, on notera que tous les axes des figures s'étendent perpendiculairement au plan des figures.For the sake of brevity, it will be noted that all the axes of the figures extend perpendicular to the plane of the figures.
Un capot 3 de l'imprimante supporte un magasin d'entrée 4,
associé à un rouleau d'introduction 4A, prévu pour recevoir une
ramette de feuilles de papier 20 à imprimer, tandis que deux galets
d'extraction 5 assurent l'extraction des feuilles de papier 20, qui
sortent par une fente 3A du capot 3. Deux goulottes 6 et 7 sont
agencées pour guider le papier 20, respectivement entrant et
sortant, du magasin 4 vers la tête 1 et le rouleau 2, en passant
entre eux deux, et de la tête 1 vers les galets d'extraction 5 et la
fente 3A.A
Un logement 11 de l'imprimante comporte ici un axe fixe 12 portant
un rouleau débiteur 13 de ruban d'impression thermique 14, tandis
qu'un logement 15 comporte un axe d'entraínement 16 portant un
rouleau récepteur 17 de ruban 14 usagé et couplé en rotation avec
lui. Le ruban 14 passe du rouleau débiteur 13 au rouleau récepteur
17 en étant plaqué contre la tête 1, entre celle-ci et le rouleau
d'appui 2. Le rouleau d'appui 2 est entraíné en rotation par un
engrenage non représenté commun aux galets d'extraction 5 et
assure aussi, par friction, l'entraínement du papier 20 et du ruban
14.A housing 11 of the printer here comprises a
Un moteur d'entraínement 18 entraíne en rotation l'axe 16 et
dévide le ruban 2 contre l'action d'un galet de guidage 19 disposé
en sortie du logement 11.A
Il est aussi prévu, dans cet exemple, un détecteur 21 de présence
du rouleau 13 débiteur de ruban 14.In this example, a presence detector 21 is also provided.
of the ribbon-
La même imprimante est représentée sur la figure 2, mais y est
équipée d'un réceptacle amovible 23 agencé pour recevoir un
rouleau 33 de papier thermo-sensible 34, ici porté par un axe ou
moyeu 32. Le réceptacle 23 est fixé de façon amovible, non
illustrée, par clipsage sur le capot 3, et comporte une goulotte 24
de guidage pour amener le papier thermo-sensible 34 jusqu'à la
tête d'impression 1. Le capot 3 présente ici une surface externe 25
de forme cylindrique circulaire localement concave complétant
celle du réceptacle 23 pour enrober le papier 33.The same printer is shown in Figure 2, but is there
equipped with a
Un détecteur 22 est disposé pour détecter la présence du rouleau
de papier 33. Les détecteurs 21 et 22 servent à améliorer la
commande du guidage du papier thermique 33 en sortie et à régler
la commande de la tête d'impression 1 en fonction du type
d'impression, par ruban ou avec du papier thermo-sensible.A
Le deuxième exemple représenté sur la figure 3 est l'homologue de
celui de la figure 1 et l'imprimante, toujours d'un télécopieur,
utilise un rouleau 113 du ruban thermo-sensible 114 consommable.
Les éléments des figures 3 et 4 semblables à ceux des figures 1 et
2 y portent la même référence, précédée de la centaine 1 et de la
dizaine 1 le cas échéant. De ce fait, ils ne sont pas à nouveau
décrits. The second example shown in Figure 3 is the counterpart of
that of Figure 1 and the printer, still a fax machine,
uses a
Sur la figure 4, homologue de la figure 2, l'imprimante fonctionne
avec un rouleau 133 de papier thermique 134. Le capot 103
comporte une ouverture 140 bordée par deux volets rotatifs 141 et
142 s'ouvrant vers l'extérieur pour recevoir le rouleau 133 de
papier thermique 134. Un volet 143 à glissière est monté glissant
sur le volet 141 pour, en position déployée, rejoindre le bord
externe du volet 142 et ainsi fermer le logement 123 du rouleau de
papier 133.In figure 4, homologous to figure 2, the printer works
with a
Une paire de biellettes, dont une seule, 135, est représentée, sont
montées rotatives à une extrémité autour d'un axe 136 voisin du
raccordement du volet 142 avec le capot 103, et elles comportent
respectivement, à des extrémités opposées, deux paliers 137
autour desquels sont respectivement montées rotatives une paire
d'autres biellettes, dont l'une, 138, est représentée. Les biellettes
135 et 138 sont distantes axialement pour encadrer le rouleau 133
par ses flancs. Les paliers 137 sont prévus pour recevoir le moyeu
132 du rouleau 133. Les biellettes 138 assurent un maintien latéral
du papier du rouleau 133 et, dans cet exemple, assurent aussi son
freinage.A pair of rods, of which only one, 135, is shown, are
rotatably mounted at one end around an
Comme le montre la figure 3, les volets 141-143 occupent au repos
une position repliée, pour laquelle ils sont superposés et ferment
le capot 103, tandis que les biellettes 135 et 138 sont repliées à
l'intérieur du capot 103.As shown in Figure 3, flaps 141-143 occupy at rest
a folded position, for which they are stacked and close
the
Ainsi, les biellettes 135 et 138, agencées pour recevoir le moyeu
132 du rouleau 133, sont montées mobiles d'une position
d'impression par transfert thermique et de support du rouleau 113
de ruban encreur à une position d'impression directe et de support
du rouleau 133 de papier thermique. Pour leur part, les volets 141-143
sont mobiles entre une position de fermeture et une position
d'ouverture et de réception du rouleau 133 de papier thermique. Thus, the
Les éléments des imprimantes des troisième et quatrième formes de réalisation, représentées sur les figures 5 et 6, homologues de ceux des figures précédentes portent les mêmes références, avec respectivement une centaine 2 et 3.Elements of printers of third and fourth forms of embodiment, represented in FIGS. 5 and 6, counterparts of those of the preceding figures bear the same references, with one hundred and two respectively.
Sur la figure 5, le rouleau débiteur 213 de ruban et le rouleau de
papier thermo-sensible 233 sont logés dans l'imprimante, ici côte à
côte.In FIG. 5, the
Sur la figure 6, les présences du rouleau débiteur 313 de ruban et
du rouleau de papier thermo-sensible 333 sont exclusives l'une de
l'autre car ils occupent des logements ayant un volume commun.In FIG. 6, the presence of the
Claims (4)
- Thermal printer comprising a thermal printing head (1), means (2, 5) for driving a paper support (20, 34) in front of the printing head (1), means (4) for introducing sheets of paper (20), means (5) for extracting sheets of paper (20), means (18) for driving a ribbon (14) for printing by thermal transfer in front of the printing head (1), the printer being arranged to receive a roll of paper (33) and the extraction means (5) being arranged to unwind the roll of paper (33), characterised by the fact that it comprises means (135, 138) arranged to receive a roll hub (132), which means are mounted to move from a position for printing by thermal transfer and supporting a roll (113) of inking ribbon to a position for direct printing and supporting a roll (133) of thermal paper.
- Printer according to Claim 1, in which the means (2, 5) for driving the paper support (20, 34) comprise a support roller (2).
- Printer according to one of Claims 1 and 2, in which fixing means are arranged to receive a supply chute (24) of a receptacle (23) for a roll of paper (33).
- Printer according to one of Claims 1 to 3, in which shutters (141-143) are provided, which are able to move between a closing position and an opening position for receiving a roll (133) of thermal paper.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9309540 | 1993-08-03 | ||
FR9309540A FR2708522B1 (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1993-08-03 | Thermal printer. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0640485A1 EP0640485A1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
EP0640485B1 true EP0640485B1 (en) | 1998-03-11 |
Family
ID=9449888
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94401787A Expired - Lifetime EP0640485B1 (en) | 1993-08-03 | 1994-08-03 | Thermal printer |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5585828A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0640485B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE163886T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69408918T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2115176T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2708522B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP5276677B2 (en) * | 2011-01-21 | 2013-08-28 | シチズンホールディングス株式会社 | Paper detection device and printer |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS57152980A (en) * | 1981-03-17 | 1982-09-21 | Canon Inc | Electronic device |
JPS58118271A (en) * | 1982-01-08 | 1983-07-14 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Heat-sensitive recording printer |
JPS5959470A (en) * | 1982-09-30 | 1984-04-05 | Toshiba Corp | Thermal recorder |
JPS6122965A (en) * | 1984-07-11 | 1986-01-31 | Toshiba Corp | Forming device for picture |
JPS61120773A (en) * | 1984-11-16 | 1986-06-07 | Canon Inc | Thermal recorder |
JPS61213172A (en) * | 1985-03-18 | 1986-09-22 | Toshiba Corp | Recorder |
JPH022023A (en) * | 1988-06-10 | 1990-01-08 | Minolta Camera Co Ltd | Thermal printer |
JP3050622B2 (en) * | 1991-03-27 | 2000-06-12 | シャープ株式会社 | Printing device |
-
1993
- 1993-08-03 FR FR9309540A patent/FR2708522B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-08-03 EP EP94401787A patent/EP0640485B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-03 ES ES94401787T patent/ES2115176T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-08-03 DE DE69408918T patent/DE69408918T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-03 US US08/285,420 patent/US5585828A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-03 AT AT94401787T patent/ATE163886T1/en active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE163886T1 (en) | 1998-03-15 |
DE69408918T2 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
US5585828A (en) | 1996-12-17 |
DE69408918D1 (en) | 1998-04-16 |
EP0640485A1 (en) | 1995-03-01 |
ES2115176T3 (en) | 1998-06-16 |
FR2708522A1 (en) | 1995-02-10 |
FR2708522B1 (en) | 1995-09-29 |
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