EP0627524A1 - Web former in a paper machine - Google Patents
Web former in a paper machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0627524A1 EP0627524A1 EP94850086A EP94850086A EP0627524A1 EP 0627524 A1 EP0627524 A1 EP 0627524A1 EP 94850086 A EP94850086 A EP 94850086A EP 94850086 A EP94850086 A EP 94850086A EP 0627524 A1 EP0627524 A1 EP 0627524A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- wire
- dewatering
- twin
- zone
- rib
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F9/00—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F9/003—Complete machines for making continuous webs of paper of the twin-wire type
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/48—Suction apparatus
Definitions
- a web former of a paper machine is described, in particular for modernizations of Fourdrinier wire parts.
- This former comprises a lower-wire loop placed in connection with the headbox of the paper machine and forming a single-wire, usually horizontal initial portion of the dewatering zone, in which zone water is drained by means of dewatering members out of the web that is being formed through the lower wire.
- the web former comprises an upper-wire unit, in which there is an upper wire guided by guide and web-forming rolls, which upper wire, together with the run of the lower wire, forms a twin-wire dewatering zone, which starts at the first forming roll, which is placed inside the loop of the upper wire and is provided with an open hollow face.
- a forming shoe which has a curved deck that guides the lower-wire loop and whose curve centres or centre are/is placed at the side of the lower-wire loop.
- a forming roll which guides the twin-wire forming zone and on whose guide sector the run of the twin-wire forming zone is curved downwards.
- the dewatering takes place primarily upwards through the upper wire, after which the dewatering pressure is increased further in the area of the second forming roll, while the dewatering still takes place primarily through the upper wire.
- the object of the present invention is further development of the applications of the prior-art MB units as well as to provide novel advantageous combinations of said MB units and especially of hybrid formers.
- twin-wire former in particular a combination of a hybrid former and a MB former, by whose means it is possible to achieve good base formation and formation of the web while maintaining a satisfactory retention level also at increased web speeds.
- the invention is mainly characterized in that, after said first forming shoe, a pressure-loaded dewatering unit is fitted, which is provided with opposite sets of ribs and with dewatering chambers, that the first dewatering chamber in said dewatering unit is placed above said first forming shoe so as, through its suction-deflector duct, to remove substantially water that drains from the area of the curved ribbed deck of the first forming shoe, that said first dewatering chamber is followed by a second dewatering chamber, whose lower part is connected with a, preferably fixed, set of dewatering and guide ribs, into whose gap spaces the drain duct of the second dewatering chamber is opened, and that, against said set of dewatering and guide ribs, a set of ribs operates, which is placed inside the opposite wire loop and which is preferably a set of loading ribs that operates by means of the medium pressure of the loading hoses.
- the dewatering capacity can be increased and, which is also important, the formation of the web can be improved while the retention remains at a satisfactory level.
- the MB zone is preceded by a dewatering chamber fitted above the first forming shoe, and said chamber is directly followed by a second dewatering chamber fitted above the MB zone.
- the waters are removed through drain ducts, which are preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only.
- said dewatering chambers are placed in the space between the first guide roll, placed inside the loop of the upper wire, and the first forming roll.
- the twin-wire zone is curved after the MB zone upwards, whereupon there are preferably dewatering members in accordance with the "Sym-Former" concept, such as a second forming shoe and a second forming roll placed inside the loop of the lower wire.
- the dry solids content of the web is preferably in the range of k1 ⁇ 1.0...3 %, preferably in the range of k1 ⁇ 1.2...1.8 %, in which case the loading ribs in the MB zone produce an efficient dewatering that improves the formation and that takes place both through the upper wire and through the lower wire.
- symmetric dewatering is also accomplished so that the structure of the web in the z-direction can also be made sufficiently symmetric in respect of the distribution of fillers and fines.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a hybrid-MB former combination in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic vertical sectional view in the machine direction of the initial part of the twin-wire zone in a hybrid former in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view in the machine direction and on an enlarged scale of the detail DET. encircled by the dashed-dotted line in Fig. 3.
- the former includes an upper-wire unit 60, which includes the frame part 61.
- the twin-wire forming zone starts at the first forming shoe 22 and ends at the guide roll 11c of the upper wire 10, after which the web W follows the lower wire 20.
- the run of the upper wire is guided outside the twin-wire zone by the first guide roll 11a and by the latter guide roll 11c as well as by the upper guide rolls 11d.
- the guide roll 11a of the upper wire 10 guides the upper wire onto the web W in the area of the ribbed deck 22a of the first forming shoe 22, preferably approximately at its fourth rib when the ribbed deck 22a comprises about 7 ribs.
- the ribbed deck 22a of the forming shoe 22, which is placed inside the loop of the lower wire 20, has a relatively large curve radius R1, which is, as a rule, dimensioned in the range of R1 ⁇ 3...12 m, preferably in the range of R1 ⁇ 5...8 m.
- the dry solids content k1 of the web W is, at the beginning of the twin-wire zone, of an order of k1 ⁇ 1.0...3 %, preferably in the range of k1 ⁇ 1.2...1.8 %.
- the first forming shoe 22 is followed by a MB unit 100 fitted in accordance with the invention.
- the MB unit 100 comprises a first dewatering chamber 12 fitted inside the loop of the upper wire 10 and, immediately after said chamber, a second dewatering chamber 13. Said chambers 12 and 13 communicate with a source 50 of negative pressure so that the negative pressures p1 and p2 present inside the chambers 12 and 13 can be set or adjusted individually.
- the first chamber 12 is provided with a water drain duct 12b, which is preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only.
- the second dewatering chamber 13 is provided with a corresponding water drain duct 13b.
- the first chamber 12 is attached to the frame parts 61 of the upper-wire unit 60 by means of support members 12a, and similarly the second chamber 13 is attached to the frame parts 61 of the upper-wire unit 60 by means of its support members 13a, if necessary, so that its position can be set or adjusted.
- a more detailed exemplifying embodiment of the twin-wire zone of the MB unit 100, which comes out from Figs. 3 and 4, will be described in more detail later.
- the MB unit 100 which has been fitted in accordance with the invention, is followed by a "Sym-Former" twin-wire zone similar to what is known from the prior art.
- the twin-wire zone is guided by the smooth-faced 14' forming roll 14, on whose sector a the twin-wire zone is curved upwards.
- the magnitude of the sector a is, as a rule, chosen as a ⁇ 20°...45°.
- a second forming shoe 24 follows, which has a ribbed deck 24a, which may communicate with negative pressure if necessary.
- the curve radius R2 of the ribbed deck 24a of the forming shoe 24 is, as a rule, chosen in the range of R2 ⁇ 2...6 m.
- the second forming shoe 24 is followed by a forming roll 25 placed inside the loop of the lower wire 20, the twin-wire zone being curved downwards on the sector b ⁇ 30°...50° of said forming roll 25.
- the forming roll 25 is preferably smooth-faced 25' and has no suction zone.
- the twin-wire zone runs as downwards inclined onto the guide or forming roll 11b placed inside the loop of the upper wire 10, which roll returns the twin-wire zone to the plane T-T determined by the single-wire initial portion 21 or to the proximity of said plane.
- a pick-up device in itself known follows, which comprises a pick-up fabric 52 and a pick-up roll 51 provided with a suction zone 51a, on which roll the web W is separated from the lower wire 20 and is transferred into the press section of the paper machine (not shown).
- the twin-wire MB zone starts after the last forming rib 22a0 of the first forming shoe 22, being guided by the first pair of ribs 31a of the loading unit 23.
- the twin-wire zone After the latter rib in said pair of ribs 31a, in the twin-wire zone, there follows the first fixed dewatering and guide rib 41a, which operates against the inner face of the upper-wire loop 10.
- the first rib 41a is followed by equivalent dewatering and guide ribs 41 as uniformly spaced.
- the last one of said ribs is denoted with the reference 41b.
- pairs of loading ribs 31b and 31c operate, which are placed facing the gap spaces 41R between said dewatering and loading ribs and which are placed inside the lower-wire loop 20.
- the width a1 of the front face of the dewatering and guide ribs 41 in the machine direction is preferably measured in the range of a1 ⁇ 50...60 mm
- the width b1 of the gap space between the ribs 31 and 41 in the machine direction, which space has no rubbing face is preferably dimensioned in the range of b1 ⁇ 10...15 mm.
- Said pairs of ribs 31b,31c as well as the first pair of loading ribs 31a that precedes them are connected in pairs, by means of connecting parts 35, to W-section loading members 34, in whose interior pairs of loading hoses 33 operate.
- the pressure is regulated with which the pairs of loading ribs 31a,31b,31c are pressed against the inner face of the lower-wire loop 20.
- the back-up supports for this loading consist of the dewatering and guide ribs 41a,41,41b, which are fixed.
- the compression pressure between the wires 10,20 is regulated which removes water out of the web W and which is, in the MB zone, applied to the web W placed between the wires 10,20.
- the loading pressures p k between the different pairs of ribs 31a,31b,31c can be regulated separately in order to "profile" the loading in the running direction of the wires 10,20.
- the dewatering pressure can also be profiled in the transverse direction by arranging the loading hoses 33 so that they can be loaded with different pressures in the transverse direction by means of blocks.
- the box of the loading unit 23 may communicate with negative pressure, which is illustrated by the arrow p3, said negative pressure having a dewatering effect through the lower wire 20 through the gap spaces 31R between the loading ribs 31.
- the lower wall 12c of the first dewatering chamber 12 defines a gap space 12b above the ribbed deck 22a of the first forming shoe 22 and above the first pair of loading ribs 31a.
- This gap space 12b water is drained that is derived mainly from the area of the ribbed deck 22a of the first forming shoe 22 as well as water that has been "doctored” by the first fixed dewatering and guide rib 41a from the inner face of the upper wire 10.
- These waters are passed into the first dewatering box 12 in the direction of the arrow F1 through the drain duct 16.
- Said duct 16 is placed in the space between the rear wall 12c of the first chamber 12 and the vertical wall 13c of the second chamber 13.
- the duct 16 forms a vertical suction-deflector duct, through which the water is removed in the direction of the arrow F1 into the first chamber 12, being aided by the negative pressure p1 present in said chamber. Out of the first chamber 12, the water is drained through its drain duct 12b, which is preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only.
- Water is drained in the direction of the arrow F2 through the gap spaces 41R between the ribs 41 along the duct 19 into the second chamber 13, being aided by the negative pressure p2 present in said chamber.
- the water is drained further out of the chamber 13 through its drain duct 13b, which is preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only.
- a fixed pair of loading ribs 31d is placed in the loading unit 23, after said loading ribs 31c.
- the twin-wire zone runs along a gently meandering path when loaded by the loading ribs 31 against the fixed ribs 41.
- the ribs 31 and 41 which operate alternatingly against one another, apply dewatering impulses to the web W, which impulses improve the formation and produce dewatering, to some extent through the lower wire 20 and especially through the upper wire 10, if necessary, aided by negative pressures p1,p2,p3.
- the ribs 31a,31b,31c,31d,41,41a,41b have been made as replaceable ribs that extend across the entire width of the wires 10,20, which ribs are either of a wear-resistant material, for example of a ceramic, throughout, or which ribs are provided with a wear-resistant front face, which operates against the inner faces of the wires 10,20, while the water drained out of the web W acts as a lubricant that reduces the wear and the friction.
- the same also applies in respect of the ribs 22a and 24a in the decks of the forming shoes 22 and 24.
- a preferred exemplifying embodiment will be described of the lower part of the drain duct 16 of the first dewatering chamber 12.
- the dimensions and the shape of the throat K of the drain duct 16 of the chamber 12, placed at and above the first rib 41a, are highly critical depending on the amounts of water to be drained, on the speed of the machine, and on the paper grade produced.
- attempts have been made to regulate the width of said throat K by adjusting the position of the first dewatering chamber 12 by means of various lifting mechanisms, but these devices are expensive, complicated, and they have not been able to provide a solution satisfactory under all circumstances, in particular not in respect of the shape of the throat K. According to Fig.
- a replaceable form rib 17a which is preferably made of plastic.
- Said rib 17a is fixed to a fastening base 12e provided in connection with the plane lower wall 12d of the first box 12 by means of the dovetail groove 17b in the rib 17a.
- Said ribs 17a are made and kept in reserve as of different measures and different profile 17c of the outer face, so that, by replacing the ribs 17a, it is possible to set the width and the profile of the throat K in the draining direction F1 and, if necessary, also in the transverse direction optimally.
- the construction can be made operative with different machine speeds, both in slower machines, in which the water follows the face of the upper wire 10, and in machines of higher speeds, in which the water moving in the space 12b rises apart from the inner face of the upper wire 10.
- the invention has been described with express reference to a construction of combination of a hybrid former and a MB former, which is also the most popular and the preferable application of the invention, in which the advantages of the invention are manifested with particular emphasis.
- the invention can also be applied in so-called gap formers, in which there is no single-wire initial portion 20a, but in which the pulp jet J is fed directly into the gap between the wires 10,20.
- the dewatering and the dry solids content k1 corresponding to the single-wire portion 20a are preferably accomplished on the forming roll, which operates at the same time as a breast roll, over which the twin-wire zone is curved on a certain sector, on which water is drained primarily through the outer wire, which wire then corresponds to the lower wire 20 in Figs. 1 to 4.
- the forming roll which operates at the same time as a breast roll, over which the twin-wire zone is curved on a certain sector, on which water is drained primarily through the outer wire, which wire then corresponds to the lower wire 20 in Figs. 1 to 4.
Landscapes
- Paper (AREA)
- Sheets, Magazines, And Separation Thereof (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Making Paper Articles (AREA)
- Separation, Sorting, Adjustment, Or Bending Of Sheets To Be Conveyed (AREA)
- Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The invention concerns a twin-wire web former in a paper machine, comprising a single-wire, preferably substantially horizontal, initial portion or equivalent, such as a twin-wire zone placed in connection with a forming roll, after which initial portion the twin-wire zone starts in the area or at the proximity of the ribbed-deck of the first forming shoe placed inside one of the wire loops.
- In the applicant's FI Patent No. 75,375 (equivalent to US Pats. Nos. 4,614,566 and 4,744,866), which constitutes one of the starting points of the present invention, a web former of a paper machine is described, in particular for modernizations of Fourdrinier wire parts. This former comprises a lower-wire loop placed in connection with the headbox of the paper machine and forming a single-wire, usually horizontal initial portion of the dewatering zone, in which zone water is drained by means of dewatering members out of the web that is being formed through the lower wire. The web former comprises an upper-wire unit, in which there is an upper wire guided by guide and web-forming rolls, which upper wire, together with the run of the lower wire, forms a twin-wire dewatering zone, which starts at the first forming roll, which is placed inside the loop of the upper wire and is provided with an open hollow face. After this, in the twin-wire dewatering zone, inside the loop of the lower wire, there is a forming shoe, which has a curved deck that guides the lower-wire loop and whose curve centres or centre are/is placed at the side of the lower-wire loop. After said forming shoe, inside the loop of the lower wire, there is a forming roll, which guides the twin-wire forming zone and on whose guide sector the run of the twin-wire forming zone is curved downwards.
- Substantially the whole of the twin-wire forming zone in accordance with said FI Pat. 75,375 is placed above the level determined by the single-wire initial portion, the twin-wire forming zone being curved upwards from said plane on a sector of the first forming roll. After the initial dewatering has taken place to a suitable extent through the lower wire in the single-wire initial portion, the dewatering takes place in the twin-wire dewatering zone initially on said sector of the first open forming roll in two directions through both of the wires. Hereupon, in the area of the next forming shoe, the dewatering takes place primarily upwards through the upper wire, after which the dewatering pressure is increased further in the area of the second forming roll, while the dewatering still takes place primarily through the upper wire.
- The formers described in said FI Patent 75,375 and some other, corresponding formers have been marketed by the applicant during about 10 years under the trade marks "Sym-Former" and "Sym-Former R". From these formers, in several different applications, a considerable amount of operating experience has been obtained, which experience has provided the background and the starting point for the present invention.
- With increased running speeds of paper machines, several problems in the web formation have been manifested with increased emphasis. In the former section of a paper machine, the phenomena that act upon the fibre mesh and upon the water, which is still relatively free in connection with the fibre mesh, such as centrifugal forces, are, as a rule, increased in proportion to the second power of the web speed. The highest web speeds of some existing paper machines are already of an order of 1500 metres per minute. However, machines are being planned in which a web speed of about 2000 m/min or even higher web speeds are aimed at.
- With respect to the prior art related to the present invention, reference is also made to the US Patent No. 4,769,11 granted to Messrs. A. Ahlstrom Corporation, to the applicant's FI Pat. Appl. No. 885609, as well as to the FI Pat. Appls. Nos. 885606 and 885607 of Messrs. Valmet-Ahlstrom Inc., in which formers marketed under the applicant's trade mark "MB-former" are described.
- Further, reference is made to the applicant's FI Patent Applications Nos. 904489, 911281, 913112, and 920228, in which various combination concepts of said MB formers and of hybrid and gap formers are described.
- The object of the present invention is further development of the applications of the prior-art MB units as well as to provide novel advantageous combinations of said MB units and especially of hybrid formers.
- It is a principal object of the invention to provide such a twin-wire former, in particular a combination of a hybrid former and a MB former, by whose means it is possible to achieve good base formation and formation of the web while maintaining a satisfactory retention level also at increased web speeds.
- A particular object of the invention is further development of the formers described in said FI Patent 75,375 and of corresponding "Sym-Former" and "Sym-Former R" formers so that their running speeds can be increased, e.g. in connection with modernizations, to a considerably higher level, typically to a speed range of 1200...1500 metres per minute, so that neither the dewatering capacity nor the formation of the web accomplished in the former constitutes an obstacle for an increased speed.
- It is a further object of the invention to provide a former in which, if necessary, the increased dewatering capacity can be utilized, besides a higher web speed, also as a thicker grade produced and/or as a lower consistency in the headbox, which latter feature already in itself improves many properties of the paper.
- Even though the most popular embodiments of the invention are involved in further development of hybrid formers in accordance with said FI Patent 75,375 and typically in modernizations of said hybrid formers, it should be emphasized that the scope of the invention also includes corresponding gap formers, of which representative examples are given, e.g., in the applicant's FI Patent Application No. 920863 (filed on February 26, 1992).
- In view of achieving the objectives stated above and those that will come out later, the invention is mainly characterized in that, after said first forming shoe, a pressure-loaded dewatering unit is fitted, which is provided with opposite sets of ribs and with dewatering chambers, that the first dewatering chamber in said dewatering unit is placed above said first forming shoe so as, through its suction-deflector duct, to remove substantially water that drains from the area of the curved ribbed deck of the first forming shoe, that said first dewatering chamber is followed by a second dewatering chamber, whose lower part is connected with a, preferably fixed, set of dewatering and guide ribs, into whose gap spaces the drain duct of the second dewatering chamber is opened, and that, against said set of dewatering and guide ribs, a set of ribs operates, which is placed inside the opposite wire loop and which is preferably a set of loading ribs that operates by means of the medium pressure of the loading hoses.
- According to the invention, when a pressure-loaded MB twin-wire zone and a preceding forming shoe that is fitted inside the lower wire and provided with a curved ribbed deck in the initial portion of the twin-wire zone of the former are employed, the dewatering capacity can be increased and, which is also important, the formation of the web can be improved while the retention remains at a satisfactory level.
- In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the MB zone is preceded by a dewatering chamber fitted above the first forming shoe, and said chamber is directly followed by a second dewatering chamber fitted above the MB zone. Out of the chambers, the waters are removed through drain ducts, which are preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only. In hybrid formers, said dewatering chambers are placed in the space between the first guide roll, placed inside the loop of the upper wire, and the first forming roll. On the first forming roll, the twin-wire zone is curved after the MB zone upwards, whereupon there are preferably dewatering members in accordance with the "Sym-Former" concept, such as a second forming shoe and a second forming roll placed inside the loop of the lower wire.
- When the MB zone in accordance with the invention is reached, the dry solids content of the web is preferably in the range of k₁ ≈ 1.0...3 %, preferably in the range of k₁ ≈ 1.2...1.8 %, in which case the loading ribs in the MB zone produce an efficient dewatering that improves the formation and that takes place both through the upper wire and through the lower wire. In the invention, symmetric dewatering is also accomplished so that the structure of the web in the z-direction can also be made sufficiently symmetric in respect of the distribution of fillers and fines.
- In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to some exemplifying embodiments of the invention illustrated in the figures in the accompanying drawing, the invention being by no means strictly confined to the details of said embodiments.
- Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a hybrid-MB former combination in accordance with the present invention.
- Figure 2 is a schematic vertical sectional view in the machine direction of the initial part of the twin-wire zone in a hybrid former in accordance with the invention.
- Figure 3 is a detailed vertical sectional view in the machine direction of a twin-wire MB zone as shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
- Figure 4 is a vertical sectional view in the machine direction and on an enlarged scale of the detail DET. encircled by the dashed-dotted line in Fig. 3.
- The hybrid former shown in Figs. 1 and 2 comprises a
lower wire 20 guided by theguide rolls 21. The pulp suspension jet J is fed out of the discharge opening 53 of the headbox onto the single-wireinitial portion 20a of thelower wire 20. The paper web W₀ that is formed on thisinitial portion 20a has time to reach a certain degree of couching on its face placed against thelower wire 20 before the twin-wire zone starts. The run of thelower wire 20 is guided outside the twin-wire zone by thebreast roll 21a and by theguide rolls 21. Further, Fig. 1 shows theframe part 65 placed inside the loop of thelower wire 20, which frame is, for example, a part of the frame of an existing Fourdrinier wire part, which has been modernized to make a twin-wire hybrid former in accordance with the invention. The former includes an upper-wire unit 60, which includes the frame part 61. The twin-wire forming zone starts at the first formingshoe 22 and ends at the guide roll 11c of theupper wire 10, after which the web W follows thelower wire 20. The run of the upper wire is guided outside the twin-wire zone by thefirst guide roll 11a and by the latter guide roll 11c as well as by the upper guide rolls 11d. - The former shown in Fig. 1 is typically a "Sym-Former R" modernized from an existing Fourdrinier former, which has been provided with a
MB unit 100 placed and fitted, in accordance with the invention, at the beginning of the twin-wire zone in order to increase the dewatering capacity and/or to improve the web W formation. - According to Figs. 1 to 3, the
guide roll 11a of theupper wire 10 guides the upper wire onto the web W in the area of the ribbed deck 22a of the first formingshoe 22, preferably approximately at its fourth rib when the ribbed deck 22a comprises about 7 ribs. The ribbed deck 22a of the formingshoe 22, which is placed inside the loop of thelower wire 20, has a relatively large curve radius R₁, which is, as a rule, dimensioned in the range of R₁ ≈ 3...12 m, preferably in the range of R₁ ≈ 5...8 m. The open gap spaces in the ribbed deck 22a, which are placed against the inner face of thelower wire 20, can be connected to a source of negative pressure through the frame box of the formingshoe 22, which is illustrated by the arrow p₀. In the area of the formingshoe 22, the dewatering takes place mainly through theupper wire 10 by the effect of the tensioning pressure p = T/R₁ (T = tension of the wire 10) of theupper wire 10, which dewatering is promoted by the field of centrifugal force. The dry solids content k₁ of the web W is, at the beginning of the twin-wire zone, of an order of k₁ ≈ 1.0...3 %, preferably in the range of k₁ ≈ 1.2...1.8 %. - According to Figs. 1 to 3, the first forming
shoe 22 is followed by aMB unit 100 fitted in accordance with the invention. TheMB unit 100 comprises afirst dewatering chamber 12 fitted inside the loop of theupper wire 10 and, immediately after said chamber, asecond dewatering chamber 13. Saidchambers source 50 of negative pressure so that the negative pressures p₁ and p₂ present inside thechambers first chamber 12 is provided with awater drain duct 12b, which is preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only. In a corresponding way, thesecond dewatering chamber 13 is provided with a correspondingwater drain duct 13b. Thefirst chamber 12 is attached to the frame parts 61 of the upper-wire unit 60 by means of support members 12a, and similarly thesecond chamber 13 is attached to the frame parts 61 of the upper-wire unit 60 by means of itssupport members 13a, if necessary, so that its position can be set or adjusted. A more detailed exemplifying embodiment of the twin-wire zone of theMB unit 100, which comes out from Figs. 3 and 4, will be described in more detail later. - According to Fig. 1, the
MB unit 100, which has been fitted in accordance with the invention, is followed by a "Sym-Former" twin-wire zone similar to what is known from the prior art. After theMB unit 100, the twin-wire zone is guided by the smooth-faced 14' formingroll 14, on whose sector a the twin-wire zone is curved upwards. The magnitude of the sector a is, as a rule, chosen as a ≈ 20°...45°. After this, a second formingshoe 24 follows, which has a ribbed deck 24a, which may communicate with negative pressure if necessary. The curve radius R₂ of the ribbed deck 24a of the formingshoe 24 is, as a rule, chosen in the range of R₂ ≈ 2...6 m. The second formingshoe 24 is followed by a formingroll 25 placed inside the loop of thelower wire 20, the twin-wire zone being curved downwards on the sector b ≈ 30°...50° of said formingroll 25. The formingroll 25 is preferably smooth-faced 25' and has no suction zone. At the vicinity of the formingroll 24, inside the upper-wire loop 10, there is awater drain box 15 and awater drain doctor 15a passing into said box. After this, according to Fig. 1, the twin-wire zone runs as downwards inclined onto the guide or forming roll 11b placed inside the loop of theupper wire 10, which roll returns the twin-wire zone to the plane T-T determined by the single-wireinitial portion 21 or to the proximity of said plane. After this, a pick-up device in itself known follows, which comprises a pick-upfabric 52 and a pick-up roll 51 provided with asuction zone 51a, on which roll the web W is separated from thelower wire 20 and is transferred into the press section of the paper machine (not shown). - In the following, mainly with reference to Fig. 3, a preferred exemplifying embodiment of the construction of a twin-wire MB zone in accordance with the invention will be described. Properly speaking, the twin-wire MB zone starts after the last forming rib 22a₀ of the first forming
shoe 22, being guided by the first pair ofribs 31a of theloading unit 23. After the latter rib in said pair ofribs 31a, in the twin-wire zone, there follows the first fixed dewatering and guide rib 41a, which operates against the inner face of the upper-wire loop 10. The first rib 41a is followed by equivalent dewatering and guideribs 41 as uniformly spaced. The last one of said ribs is denoted with thereference 41b. - According to Fig. 3, opposite to the fixed dewatering and guide
ribs ribs gap spaces 41R between said dewatering and loading ribs and which are placed inside the lower-wire loop 20. The width a₁ of the front face of the dewatering and guideribs 41 in the machine direction is preferably measured in the range of a₁ ≈ 50...60 mm, and the width b₁ of the gap space between theribs 31 and 41 in the machine direction, which space has no rubbing face, is preferably dimensioned in the range of b₁ ≈ 10...15 mm. Said pairs ofribs loading ribs 31a that precedes them are connected in pairs, by means of connectingparts 35, to W-section loading members 34, in whose interior pairs ofloading hoses 33 operate. By means of the pressures pk of the pressure medium that is passed into these pairs of hoses, the pressure is regulated with which the pairs of loadingribs wire loop 20. The back-up supports for this loading consist of the dewatering and guideribs - By means of the loading of the
ribs wires wires ribs wires loading hoses 33 so that they can be loaded with different pressures in the transverse direction by means of blocks. The box of theloading unit 23 may communicate with negative pressure, which is illustrated by the arrow p₃, said negative pressure having a dewatering effect through thelower wire 20 through thegap spaces 31R between the loading ribs 31. - In the following, with reference to Figs. 2,3 and 4, the construction and the operation of the
dewatering chambers - The
lower wall 12c of thefirst dewatering chamber 12 defines agap space 12b above the ribbed deck 22a of the first formingshoe 22 and above the first pair ofloading ribs 31a. Through thisgap space 12b, water is drained that is derived mainly from the area of the ribbed deck 22a of the first formingshoe 22 as well as water that has been "doctored" by the first fixed dewatering and guide rib 41a from the inner face of theupper wire 10. These waters are passed into thefirst dewatering box 12 in the direction of the arrow F₁ through thedrain duct 16. Saidduct 16 is placed in the space between therear wall 12c of thefirst chamber 12 and thevertical wall 13c of thesecond chamber 13. Theduct 16 forms a vertical suction-deflector duct, through which the water is removed in the direction of the arrow F₁ into thefirst chamber 12, being aided by the negative pressure p₁ present in said chamber. Out of thefirst chamber 12, the water is drained through itsdrain duct 12b, which is preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only. - In connection with the lower wall of the
second dewatering chamber 13, fixed dewatering and guideribs 41 are placed, of which ribs the first rib 41a is fixed to thetransverse rib 13d interconnecting the lower edges of thewall portions ribs 41, there is acurved wall 18a, which defines thedrain duct 19 of thesecond chamber 13 together with the curvedouter wall 18b, thelast rib 41b being placed in connection with the lower edge of thelatter wall 18b. Water is drained in the direction of the arrow F₂ through thegap spaces 41R between theribs 41 along theduct 19 into thesecond chamber 13, being aided by the negative pressure p₂ present in said chamber. The water is drained further out of thechamber 13 through itsdrain duct 13b, which is preferably placed at the driving side of the machine only. - In the
loading unit 23, after saidloading ribs 31c, a fixed pair ofloading ribs 31d is placed. This pair ofribs 31d, together with the last rib 22a₀ of the first formingshoe 22, define the inlet and outlet directions of the twin-wire zone. In the area between said ribs 22a₀ and 31d, the twin-wire zone runs along a gently meandering path when loaded by the loading ribs 31 against the fixedribs 41. In such a case, theribs 31 and 41, which operate alternatingly against one another, apply dewatering impulses to the web W, which impulses improve the formation and produce dewatering, to some extent through thelower wire 20 and especially through theupper wire 10, if necessary, aided by negative pressures p₁,p₂,p₃. - The
ribs wires wires shoes - After the MB zone, the dry solids content k₂ of the web W is, as a rule, of an order of k₂ ≈ 3...6 %, preferably in the range of k₂ ≈ 4...5 %. After the second forming
roll 25, the dry solids content k₃ of the web is typically of an order of k₃ ≈ 6...12 %, preferably in the range of k₃ ≈ 8...10 %. After the twin-wire zone, at the guide roll 11c of theupper wire 10, the dry solids content k₄ is typically of an order of k₄ ≈ 8...14 %, preferably in the range of k₄ ≈ 10...12 %. - In the following, with reference to Fig. 4, a preferred exemplifying embodiment will be described of the lower part of the
drain duct 16 of thefirst dewatering chamber 12. The dimensions and the shape of the throat K of thedrain duct 16 of thechamber 12, placed at and above the first rib 41a, are highly critical depending on the amounts of water to be drained, on the speed of the machine, and on the paper grade produced. As is known from prior art, attempts have been made to regulate the width of said throat K by adjusting the position of thefirst dewatering chamber 12 by means of various lifting mechanisms, but these devices are expensive, complicated, and they have not been able to provide a solution satisfactory under all circumstances, in particular not in respect of the shape of the throat K. According to Fig. 1, these problems have been solved so that the fixedcurved wall 17 in Fig. 3 has been replaced by areplaceable form rib 17a, which is preferably made of plastic. Saidrib 17a is fixed to afastening base 12e provided in connection with the planelower wall 12d of thefirst box 12 by means of thedovetail groove 17b in the rib 17a. Saidribs 17a are made and kept in reserve as of different measures anddifferent profile 17c of the outer face, so that, by replacing theribs 17a, it is possible to set the width and the profile of the throat K in the draining direction F₁ and, if necessary, also in the transverse direction optimally. By means ofreplaceable ribs 17a, the construction can be made operative with different machine speeds, both in slower machines, in which the water follows the face of theupper wire 10, and in machines of higher speeds, in which the water moving in thespace 12b rises apart from the inner face of theupper wire 10. - Above, the invention has been described with express reference to a construction of combination of a hybrid former and a MB former, which is also the most popular and the preferable application of the invention, in which the advantages of the invention are manifested with particular emphasis. However, the invention can also be applied in so-called gap formers, in which there is no single-wire
initial portion 20a, but in which the pulp jet J is fed directly into the gap between thewires wire portion 20a are preferably accomplished on the forming roll, which operates at the same time as a breast roll, over which the twin-wire zone is curved on a certain sector, on which water is drained primarily through the outer wire, which wire then corresponds to thelower wire 20 in Figs. 1 to 4. After the curved forming sector of said forming roll, there follows theMB unit 100 described above and the other necessary dewatering stages in the twin-wire zone, which zone may be vertical or diagonally rising or, in an exceptional case, also substantially horizontal. - In the following, the patent claims will be given, and the various details of the invention may show variation within the scope of the inventive idea defined in said claims and differ from what has been stated above for the sake of example only.
Claims (10)
- Twin-wire (10,20) web former in a paper machine, comprising a single-wire, preferably substantially horizontal, initial portion (20a) or equivalent, such as a twin-wire zone placed in connection with a forming roll, after which initial portion (20a) the twin-wire zone starts in the area or at the proximity of the ribbed deck (22a) of the first forming shoe (22) placed inside one of the wire loops (10), characterized in that, after said first forming shoe (22), a pressure-loaded (pk) dewatering unit (100) is fitted, which is provided with opposite sets of ribs (31,41) and with dewatering chambers (12,13), that the first dewatering chamber (12) in said dewatering unit (100) is placed above said first forming shoe (22) so as, through its suction-deflector duct (16), to remove substantially water that drains from the area of the curved ribbed deck (22a) of the first forming shoe (22), that said first dewatering chamber (12) is followed by a second dewatering chamber (13), whose lower part is connected with a, preferably fixed, set of dewatering and guide ribs (41), into whose gap spaces (41R) the drain duct (19) of the second dewatering chamber (13) is opened, and that, against said set of dewatering and guide ribs (41), a set of ribs (31) operates, which is placed inside the opposite wire loop (20) and which is preferably a set of loading ribs that operates by means of the medium pressure (pk) of the loading hoses (33).
- Web former as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, inside the loop of the lower wire (20), after the first forming shoe (22), there is a loading unit (23), that the first rib or pair of ribs (31a) in said loading unit (23) is fitted underneath said first dewatering chamber (12) before the first fixed dewatering and guide rib (41a) placed inside the loop of the opposite wire (10), and that the latter rib (41a) operates as a deflector rib at the throat (K) in the lower end of the suction-deflector duct (16) of the first dewatering chamber (12).
- Web former as claimed in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in connection with the lower part of the second dewatering chamber (13), a number, preferably 4 to 7 pcs., of fixed dewatering and guide ribs (41) are fixed, of which the first rib (41a) operates as a deflector rib placed at the throat (K) in the lower end of the first dewatering chamber (12), and after which said first rib (41a) a rib block placed underneath the second dewatering chamber (13) starts, which rib block continues as the dewatering duct (19) of the second dewatering chamber (13) and which rib block ends with the last rib (41b) in said set of ribs (41), after which last rib, in the twin-wire zone, there follows one or several fixed guide ribs (31d) placed inside the opposite wire loop (20) and fixed to the frame part of the loading unit (23).
- Former as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that each of said first and second dewatering chamber (12,13) communicates with a source (50) of negative pressure so that the negative pressure (p₁,p₂) present in said dewatering chambers (12,13) can be set and/or regulated independently and that said dewatering chambers (12, 13) communicate with their drain ducts (12b, 13b) preferably at the driving side of the machine only.
- Former as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that said first forming shoe (22) and/or the frame box of the loading unit (23) communicate(s) with a source of negative pressure (p₀,p₃).
- Former as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the throat part (K) placed at the lower end of the suction-deflector duct (16) of the first dewatering chamber (12) has been arranged so that its dimensioning and/or profile can be adjusted, so that said throat part is provided with a replaceable form rib (17a), which constitutes a wall that defines said throat part primarily from above, in which case the measures and the shape of said throat part (K) can be set by replacing said form rib (17a) with a different form rib so as to change the measures and the shape of the curved outer face (17c) of said form rib (Fig. 4).
- Former as claimed in claim 6, characterized in that said replaceable form rib (17a) can be attached to the outer face of the lower wall, preferably a plane wall (12d), of the first dewatering chamber (12) by means of a groove-projection joint (12e,17b) or an equivalent snap joint (Fig. 4).
- Former as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, before the twin-wire zone, there is a single-wire forming zone (20a), which is preferably substantially horizontal, that the twin-wire zone is curved down from the plane (T-T) of the single-wire initial portion (20a) on the curved (R₁) ribbed deck (22a) of the first forming shoe (22) and runs further as downwards inclined, being guided by the pressure-loaded ribbed zone (31,41) of the dewatering unit (100), after which, in the twin-wire zone, there follows a forming roll (14), which is placed inside the upper-wire loop (10), which is preferably provided with a smooth solid face (14'), and on which the twin-wire zone is curved (a) into an upwards inclined run, on which there is a second forming shoe (24) inside the lower-wire loop (20), the twin-wire zone being curved in the area of said ribbed deck (24a) with a large curve radius (R₂) in the opposite direction, compared with the preceding curve zone (a), and that said second forming shoe (24) is followed by a second forming roll (25), which is placed inside the lower-wire loop (20) and on which the twin-wire zone is curved into a downwards inclined run with a curve radius (R₃) considerably smaller than the curve radius (R₂) of the preceding zone.
- Former as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that, after said second forming roll (25), the forming or guide roll (11b) placed inside the upper-wire loop (10) guides the twin-wire zone in or near the plane (T-T) determined by the single-wire initial portion (20a), and that after this the web (W) is guided to follow the lower wire (20), from which the web (W) is separated on the suction zone (51a) of the pick-up roll (51) and is transferred on the pick-up fabric (52) into the press section (Fig. 1).
- Former as claimed in any of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, as the web arrives in the beginning of the twin-wire zone, its dry solids content k₁ is, as a rule, k₁ ≈ 1.0...3 %, preferably in the range of k₁ ≈ 1.2...1.8 %, and that, when the web (W) departs from the twin-wire zone, its dry solids content is, as a rule, k₄ ≈ 8...14 %, preferably in the range of k₄ ≈ 10...12 %.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI932265 | 1993-05-18 | ||
FI932265A FI99033C (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1993-05-18 | Paper forming web forming section |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0627524A1 true EP0627524A1 (en) | 1994-12-07 |
EP0627524B1 EP0627524B1 (en) | 2000-10-25 |
Family
ID=8537960
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94850086A Expired - Lifetime EP0627524B1 (en) | 1993-05-18 | 1994-05-17 | Web former in a paper machine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0627524B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE197177T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2123821C (en) |
DE (1) | DE69426169T2 (en) |
FI (1) | FI99033C (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0742314A1 (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-11-13 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Hybrid former with a MB unit in a paper machine |
CN100427679C (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2008-10-22 | 华南理工大学 | Paper machine web forming device for pulse pressure drived dewatering plate |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI105934B (en) * | 1994-06-17 | 2000-10-31 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | Entrance to a double-wire zone in a hybrid machine of a paper machine |
FI96623C (en) | 1994-08-31 | 1996-07-25 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | Double-wire molders, especially for fast paper machines |
FI953984A (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-02-25 | Valmet Corp | Paper forming web forming section |
DE10148921A1 (en) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-10 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Machine for the production of a fibrous web |
DE10343914A1 (en) * | 2003-09-19 | 2005-05-04 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Process and assembly to de-water fibrous suspension of paper or cardboard employs a top water skimmer with lower suction at outer margins |
EP2841644B1 (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2016-11-23 | Valmet Technologies, Inc. | Forming section |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3329833A1 (en) * | 1982-08-23 | 1984-03-01 | A. Ahlström Oy, 29600 Noormarkku | DEVICE FOR INFLUENCING A RAILWAY DRAINED ON A SCREEN |
EP0373133A2 (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-13 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Method and device in the formation of a paper or board web |
WO1991002842A1 (en) * | 1989-08-22 | 1991-03-07 | J.M. Voith Gmbh | Twin-wire paper-web former |
EP0552139A1 (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-07-21 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Web former for a paper machine |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI862809A (en) * | 1986-07-02 | 1988-01-03 | Ahlstroem Oy | STOEDANDE AV EN AVVATTNINGSENHET PAO PAPPERSMASKINENS FORMNINGSDEL. |
-
1993
- 1993-05-18 FI FI932265A patent/FI99033C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-05-17 EP EP94850086A patent/EP0627524B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-05-17 AT AT94850086T patent/ATE197177T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-17 DE DE69426169T patent/DE69426169T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-18 CA CA002123821A patent/CA2123821C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3329833A1 (en) * | 1982-08-23 | 1984-03-01 | A. Ahlström Oy, 29600 Noormarkku | DEVICE FOR INFLUENCING A RAILWAY DRAINED ON A SCREEN |
EP0373133A2 (en) * | 1988-12-01 | 1990-06-13 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Method and device in the formation of a paper or board web |
WO1991002842A1 (en) * | 1989-08-22 | 1991-03-07 | J.M. Voith Gmbh | Twin-wire paper-web former |
EP0552139A1 (en) * | 1992-01-17 | 1993-07-21 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Web former for a paper machine |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0742314A1 (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1996-11-13 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc. | Hybrid former with a MB unit in a paper machine |
US5593546A (en) * | 1993-11-12 | 1997-01-14 | Valmet Corporation | Hybrid former with an MB unit in a paper machine |
CN100427679C (en) * | 2006-05-31 | 2008-10-22 | 华南理工大学 | Paper machine web forming device for pulse pressure drived dewatering plate |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69426169D1 (en) | 2000-11-30 |
ATE197177T1 (en) | 2000-11-15 |
CA2123821A1 (en) | 1994-11-19 |
FI99033B (en) | 1997-06-13 |
DE69426169T2 (en) | 2001-05-17 |
FI99033C (en) | 1997-09-25 |
FI932265A0 (en) | 1993-05-18 |
CA2123821C (en) | 2000-05-16 |
FI932265A (en) | 1994-11-19 |
EP0627524B1 (en) | 2000-10-25 |
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