EP0616564B1 - Method for micro-cleaning a support and apparatus for implementing same - Google Patents

Method for micro-cleaning a support and apparatus for implementing same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0616564B1
EP0616564B1 EP93902324A EP93902324A EP0616564B1 EP 0616564 B1 EP0616564 B1 EP 0616564B1 EP 93902324 A EP93902324 A EP 93902324A EP 93902324 A EP93902324 A EP 93902324A EP 0616564 B1 EP0616564 B1 EP 0616564B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzles
jets
fact
abrasive
projection
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EP93902324A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0616564A1 (en
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Christian Diat
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Individual
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Priority claimed from FR9115567A external-priority patent/FR2684900B1/en
Priority claimed from FR9115568A external-priority patent/FR2685027B1/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C3/00Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants
    • B24C3/02Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other
    • B24C3/06Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable
    • B24C3/062Abrasive blasting machines or devices; Plants characterised by the arrangement of the component assemblies with respect to each other movable; portable for vertical surfaces
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24CABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04Nozzles therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and an installation for dry micro-cleaning, by projection of abrasive powders of very fine particle size, method and installation making it possible to reconcile a high cleaning speed with an exceptional fineness of pickling.
  • the process thus finds its main application for the stripping of pollutants and pollution coming to stick and adhere to the surface of the facades of monuments and buildings.
  • facade stones have always been washed with water, today many scientists working on the problems of alteration of facade stones, underline the fact that the cleaning of new pollution by washing, allows pollutants to penetrate either by capillarity, or by more or less defective joints, or by surface points already weakened , and therefore participates in the acceleration of the alteration processes.
  • Water which acts here as a chemical reaction agent and as a vehicle for harmful salts, is less and less suitable for cleaning up the pollution stuck on the surfaces of dressed stone facades, especially if they are in addition weakened (scaling, alveolization, etc ).
  • the surface layer of the cut stones used is covered over time with a thin layer of crystallization harder than the inside of the stone, which has the effect of protecting the stone from external aggressions all sorts.
  • This thin protective layer which varies from 2 to 5 millimeters is called cullet or sulfin in an urban atmosphere.
  • cullet or sulfin in an urban atmosphere.
  • it is therefore essential to avoid abrading this thin layer of crystallization, especially since this thin film becomes more and more fragile under the action of pollution.
  • This blackish pollution also masks the altered and undergoing alteration areas, thus making the visibility of these fragile areas difficult.
  • the cleaning of pollution encrusted and stuck on ashlar surfaces represents a work which becomes more and more delicate, meticulous, and meticulous, and the current techniques of projection dry abrasives present a more or less significant risk of abrasion and attack of material depending on the state, hardness and uniformity of hardness of the surface layer.
  • sandblasting is a very coarse and very dusty technique, which uses any type of sand, more or less large, unitary and unidirectional fixed jet which is moved manually by more or less labor. less meticulous and meticulous.
  • the principle of sandblasting therefore consists of spraying dry, under high air pressure (7 to 8 ⁇ 10 5 Pa on average), abrasives or sands that are more or less large or more or less fine, through a sandblasting nozzle of 6 or 8 millimeters section, sandblasting nozzle which is manually operated by a sandblaster.
  • the applicators or sanders have a lot of trouble, given the performance requirements and physical hardness of the task, to perform regular, metered, neat work, and this for many consecutive hours.
  • the profitability of many companies forces the sandblasters to work at too high pressures (6, 7, 8 or even 10 or even 12 x 10 5 Pa pressure), to use so-called pickling jets (sandblasting nozzle of 6 , 8 millimeters and even more) and to project very large volumes of air, sometimes going up to 12,000 liters of air per minute, which causes even with very fine abrasive particles, a considerable abrasive attack, which manhandles all areas of delicate surfaces (sculptures, joints, cullet of heterogeneous hardness, etc.), not to mention the entire facade, which can be literally abraded, even if the stones are hard, nor the considerable dust emitted , which requires covering the workspace in a complicated and therefore costly manner.
  • the small air stream thus obtained is handled as a pen by the restaurateur who follows with infinite patience, millimeter by millimeter, at 2 or 3 centimeters of working distance, the reliefs of the small area he is pickling.
  • This micro-sandblasting technique used by a necessarily very patient workforce, makes it possible to guarantee pickling work without any real risk of abrasion, but the very slow speed of this process makes it completely prohibitive to use and apply on complete building surfaces.
  • this sandblasting jet is very stripping mainly at its center of impact, and therefore , we understand that by wanting to lower to the maximum, as does micro-sanding all the projection parameters (air flow, projection pressure, abrasive size, nozzle section), this center of impact will be mathematically less and less stripper and abrasive, and that the maximum reduction of all the parameters of air flow and abrasive flow will make work easier, by limiting as much as possible the emission of dust.
  • a particle size indicated for the powder is of the order of 100 to 200 micrometers, and the number of nozzles is two.
  • Such a device is not suitable for performing effective cleaning and micro-etching of a support using an air-powder mixture, and in particular of a fragile support.
  • the present invention therefore aims to remedy all of these drawbacks, and to do this it proposes a method of micro-cleaning and micro-etching of a support, according to which one projects in the direction of the support jets of compressed air charged with fine abrasive particles whose particle size is less than 200 micrometers, these jets being emitted by nozzles and moved at high speed by scanning the support, characterized in that a multitude of jets are used, the number of which is at least ten, and in that these jets have, at the level of the nozzles, a section having a dimension between 400 micrometers and 4 millimeters, which gives them a very low kinetic energy.
  • This micro-pickling and dry micro-cleaning process makes it possible to strip very quickly even very delicate and very fragile supports, as are stone supports.
  • the process of the present invention makes it possible to carry out an extremely rapid pickling work, while guaranteeing work of excellent quality, and this on all types of soiling and on all types of supports.
  • the method of the present invention guarantees a complete absence of abrasion on all the cleaned supports, even if these include in places delicate and more or less fragile areas or more simply of heterogeneous surface hardness (masonry joints, flaking stones , heterogeneous cullet, etc.).
  • the method of the present invention by the different possible combinations, allows spraying work without nuisance of dust.
  • the method of the invention starts from the principle that the projection parameters should not be reduced, since this reduction takes place at the expense of the speed and the stripping action , but it is necessary to maintain this speed and this quality of stripping to multidivide the jet into a multitude or into multiple fine micro-jets, and to drive these multiple fine micro-jets oriented multidirectionally in very rapid automatic movement.
  • a jet of 8 millimeters of nozzle section perhaps multidivisible either in 64 nozzles of 1 millimeter, or in 44 nozzles of 1.2 millimeters, or in 28 nozzles of 1.5 millimeters, or in 12 nozzles 2.5 millimeters, etc ... (the more the jet is multi-divided, the finer the nozzles, and the more the effect is accentuated).
  • the stripping action of the "spray tips" is used to the maximum, by multiplying them in quantity, dividing them in volume, and distributing them over a certain surface (disc or projection wheel).
  • the abrasive projection nozzles are very fine: they are between 1 and 2.5 millimeters (but which can in principle go from the method of the invention, from 400 micrometers to 4 millimeters in section.)
  • very fine spray nozzles require the use of only very fine-grained abrasives (for example 80 to 100 micrometers). These very fine abrasives sprayed by very fine nozzles, have practically no specific kinetic energy, they can only move at high speed, or at a cleaning impact speed if they are transported inside a jet. or a compressed air stream. This jet or this compressed air stream thus serves as a projection guide for very fine particles. Thus the absence of kinetic energy of these very fine particles forces them to remain stored in the compressed air nets, and to strictly comply with the characteristics very fast movements of these fine air streams.
  • the multiplicity of nozzles, spaced over a certain surface makes it possible, by orienting them in a multidirectional manner, to have a multitude of different attack angles, allowing with the relentless mechanical movement of micro-jets to be able to clean all points constituting a relief, and this without having to insist in all directions and without having, as in traditional unidirectional fixed jet techniques, to rotate the nozzle in all directions, and to insistently follow (abrasive), all contours of reliefs of the surface to be stripped
  • the process of the present invention is a process which consists in projecting towards a support to be cleaned and pickled, a micro-abrasive mist obtained by the very rapid and continuous movement of multiple fine threads of compressed air, charged with abrasive particles with very low kinetic energy, and to displace this micro-abrasive mist obtained, all along the support to be cleaned.
  • the subject of the invention is also a micro-cleaning and micro-etching installation equipped with a spraying apparatus comprising a rotating wheel provided with nozzles for spraying compressed air loaded with fine abrasive particles, characterized in that said rotary wheel comprises a multitude of nozzles, the number of which is at least ten, which each have an inlet cone and have a particle passage section whose dimension is between 400 micrometers and 4 millimeters.
  • the number of nozzles is around thirty on average, but can exceed one hundred in some cases.
  • the section of the abrasive projection nozzles is mainly located around 1 to 2.5 millimeters, but can range from 400 micrometers to 4 millimeters.
  • Abrasives of very fine particle size, to have an effective pickling action, are of very high hardness (grains or micro-beads of glass, corundum, etc.).
  • the nozzle-holder projection wheel can cover a large funnel-shaped distribution cone: the distribution cone and the wheel can be made of P.T.F.E (teflon) or ceramic, and the nozzles are ceramic.
  • the projection wheel when it is not bored and furnished with nozzles, is pierced with multiple fine orifices forming the nozzles (the assembly then being made entirely of ceramic).
  • each nozzle duct Due to the very thin section of each nozzle duct, the interior of each nozzle preferably has a funnel shape. This cone or funnel shape is necessary in order to allow an easy and fluid flow of the projected abrasives, because of the very great narrowness of each nozzle duct.
  • the nozzle-carrying wheel is driven in automatic mechanical displacement at more or less high speed, in a speed range situated mainly between 0 and 4000 revolutions per minute.
  • This effect can be accentuated by other automatic mechanical displacements, in particular by the pivoting of the wheel on itself in an arc of a circle on the left, then in an arc of a circle on the right, then in an arc of a circle upwards and towards the low (mechanical and automatic pivoting around a support).
  • the process of the present invention of spraying fine abrasives under compressed air causes more or less dust, although the process, by its peculiarities (very fine nozzles) consumes 2 to 3 times less abrasive for the same efficiency , and that each fine air stream is adjusted, to project a minimum of abrasive for a large volume of air, since ironing multiple times on the same points.
  • the method of the invention uses compressed air from a compressor, and can produce the air-abrasive mixture by passing through a sandblaster.
  • a sandblaster it is particularly advantageous not to use a sandblaster.
  • the compressed air coming from the compressor is sent directly and alone to the multi-nozzle projection device, the air-compressed-abrasive mixture being made inside the projection device just before the nozzle outlet.
  • This system makes it possible to enhance the process of the present invention, by making the best use of the finest nozzles possible, greatly facilitating the regularity of the flow and the flow of abrasive, and consuming very few abrasives. Thus giving more regular jets and can be very weak loaded with abrasive.
  • the installation for implementing the method of the invention comprises a projection device or projection wheel, comprising in the direction of movement of the abrasive particles a tube 2 for cylindrical supply of the air-abrasive particle mixture opening onto a wide flare 4 in the form of a funnel, this flare 4 communicating by means of inlet cones 7 with said nozzles 6 for blasting abrasives, the direction of each of said nozzles 6 forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of said supply tube 2.
  • This inclination of different angle on each nozzle 6, allows to obtain a multitude of different projection angles, giving a projection by attack of multidirectional micro-jets.
  • the apparatus or projection wheel 21 is equipped with a multitude or multiple fine nozzles 6 for projecting abrasives, which are positioned and spaced on a projection disc 15.
  • the positioning is done according to drawing shapes mainly in spirals , in order to accentuate the rotary effect and to cover and sweep the maximum of different cleaning points.
  • the numerous nozzles 6 for blasting abrasives do not project or hardly extend beyond the blasting face 15, thus ensuring a very compact assembly and allowing movement in the air of the blasting apparatus 21 very reliably, in all directions even at very high speed of movement.
  • This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means allowing its mechanical drive in rotation at very high speed (0 to 4000 revolutions per minute).
  • This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means allowing it to pivot in mechanical and automatic strokes on itself in an arc of a circle on the left then in an arc of a circle on the right.
  • This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means allowing it to pivot in mechanical and automatic strokes on itself in an arc of a circle upwards then downwards.
  • This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means making it possible to automatically modify all of the projection parameters (on, off, mechanical speed variator, flow rate, pressure, air-abrasive metering, etc.).
  • the configuration of the interior of the projection device 21 is modified by the presence of a central duct 19 for supplying the abrasive (by suction), this duct branching out as many small pipes 20 (supply of abrasives) as there are nozzles 6.
  • a central duct 19 for supplying the abrasive (by suction)
  • the only air not loaded with abrasives arriving in the inlet cone 7 of the nozzle sucks regularly and simultaneously in its passage a small amount of abrasives.
  • This central duct 19 for supplying the abrasive (by suction) is fixed relative to the air supply cone, and it is centered and fixed by fixing lugs connected to the rotary tube 2 and to the distribution cone 4 :
  • This duct is therefore rotated simultaneously with the tube 2 and the distribution cone 4, and therefore comprises a sealed rotary joint at its junction with the abrasive supply pipe.
  • the projection of abrasive in the form of a mist produced by this projection wheel causes significant dust, so parallel to the projection of fine air streams loaded with very fine abrasive particles, it is advantageous to have on the projection wheel 10 d 'abrasives, a number of very fine nozzles 14 for spraying atomized water or very fine nozzles for spraying very fine jets of vapor 17.
  • the use of fine air streams and abrasives, the projection nozzles 6 of which are arranged on the altogether large surface which constitutes the surface 15 of the projection wheel 10, makes it possible to dilute the compressed air streams and abrasives in a mist of atomized water particles.
  • This projection wheel 10 also makes it possible by the rotary phenomenon to bring about a homogenization of the water mist which is constantly reforming in the voids of projection of abrasives.
  • the very fine atomized water particles projected into the projection space are projected in the form of a spray of very fine atomized water particles, the particle size of these atomized water particles being as fine as possible.
  • this projection wheel 10 is equipped with nozzles 14 for spraying atomized water arranged on the projection face 15.
  • Water is brought into the spraying apparatus by means of a fixed pipe 22 centered in the cone for supplying the air-abrasive mixture.
  • This conduit 22 is fixed by fixing lugs 13 connected to the rotary tube 2 and to the distribution cone 4.
  • This conduit 22 is rotated simultaneously with the tube 2 and the distribution cone 4 and therefore requires a sealed rotary joint with the pipe 22 for supplying pressurized water.
  • This conduit 22 branches into a series of small channels 25 leading the water to the atomization nozzles 14.
  • the atomized water spray jets from the pneumatic atomization nozzles 14 are adjusted to send atomized water clouds and these nozzle jets 14 are preferably directed in parallel to the abrasive jets.
  • the nozzles 14 for spraying atomized water can be replaced by nozzles for spraying very fine jets of vapor 17.
  • This wheel 10 for blasting fine abrasives can have a diameter of a few centimeters to several tens of centimeters, this diameter of the blasting wheel 10 being proportional to the number of nozzles fitted to it and to the more or less large spacing given to these.
  • the process of the invention is a micro-pickling and micro-cleaning process combining speed and very high quality.
  • This high-speed surface touch impact process can be applied to almost all types mainly delicate and very fragile supports (old stones, altered and flaked stones, antiques, old furniture, plasters, etc.), and allows to clean all types of dirt and deposits (oil, various pollutants, tags, graffiti, etc. ).
  • this projection apparatus 21 is mounted on a support and positioning arm 16. It is equipped with handles 23 for movement and guidance.
  • the projection wheel 10 is equipped with forty eight nozzles 6 for projecting fine abrasives. The section of these nozzles is 2 millimeters. These nozzles are made of ceramic.
  • the assembly comprises, in the direction of movement of the particles, a tube 2 for supplying the air-abrasive particle mixture leading to a wide flare in the form of a funnel 4, this flaring communicating by means of cones 7 inlet with said abrasive spray nozzles 6, the direction of each of said nozzles forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of said supply tube 2.
  • the feed cone 4 which conveys the abrasive in the wheel 10 nozzle holder 6 is made of PTFE (teflon), it is guided in rotation by a sealed needle bushing 24 and a sealed ball bearing 3, housed in a casing 11 itself sealed. The rotation is ensured by a pneumatic motor 12. The sealing of the guide in rotation with the air + abrasive supply pipe is ensured by a rotary seal with double sealing.
  • the device is fitted with a set of 24 atomized air-water projection nozzles 14.
  • the compressed air is supplied by a compressor and the air + abrasive mixture is in this case via a sandblaster, the air-abrasive mixture arriving via the fixed tube 1.
  • the air-water supply is making through a water booster compressor.
  • the operator is positioned in front of the surface to be stripped, presents the projection device in front of this zone, it starts the rotary motor, it triggers the air-water mixture, it triggers the air-abrasive mixture, and it begins to move gradually, substantially parallel to the surface to be stripped.
  • the operator There is no point of impact the very many jets moving at very high speed over the area to be scoured, sweep gently and superficially (but effective) by micro-abrasive mist this area to be scoured.
  • the presence of delicate or fragile points in this area does not change anything, neither its settings, nor its working speed, which makes it possible to very quickly clean an area without any risk of abrasion or alteration of the pickled surface.
  • the mist of water particles sprayed simultaneously humidifies the dust without wetting the jets, allowing very fine, rapid stripping work without nuisance of dust.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Digital Transmission Methods That Use Modulated Carrier Waves (AREA)
  • Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Encapsulation Of And Coatings For Semiconductor Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
  • Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/FR92/01177 Sec. 371 Date Jun. 9, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Jun. 9, 1994 PCT Filed Dec. 11, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/11908 PCT Pub. Date Jun. 24, 1993In performing micro-cleaning and micro-blasting, a dry micro-cleaning abrasive powder is sprayed having a very small grain size. This enables high cleaning speeds to be reconciled with exceptionally fine blasting in order to remove dirty stains and encrusted deposits from valuable, delicate, or fragile medium as is the case when having to blast off pollutants and pollution that become stuck to the surfaces of monuments and buildings. Jets of compressed air charged with fine abrasive particles having grain sizes of less than 200 micrometers can also be sprayed towards the surface. The jets are emitted from nozzles at high speeds so that they sweep the surface with at least ten jets, each of which has a cross section lying in the range of 400 micrometers to 4 millimeters, so that very low kinetic energy is imparted to the surface.

Description

La présente invention concerne un procédé et une installation de micro-nettoyage à sec, par projection de poudres abrasives de très fine granulométrie, procédé et installation permettant de concilier une grande vitesse de nettoyage avec une finesse de décapage exceptionnelle.The present invention relates to a method and an installation for dry micro-cleaning, by projection of abrasive powders of very fine particle size, method and installation making it possible to reconcile a high cleaning speed with an exceptional fineness of pickling.

Les possibilités d'application du procédé de l'invention sont nombreuses et trouvent leurs applications principales dans les cas où il est nécessaire de décaper rapidement avec une finesse absolue des salissures et encrassements divers sur des supports de valeur, sur des supports délicats ou sur des supports fragiles.The possibilities of application of the process of the invention are numerous and find their main applications in cases where it is necessary to strip quickly with an absolute delicacy of the various stains and foulings on valuable supports, on delicate supports or on fragile supports.

Le procédé trouve ainsi son application principale pour le décapage des polluants et pollution venant se coller et adhérer à la surface des façades des monuments et des immeubles.The process thus finds its main application for the stripping of pollutants and pollution coming to stick and adhere to the surface of the facades of monuments and buildings.

Le monde industriel libère dans l'atmosphère de très nombreux polluants chimiques ; ces nouveaux polluants viennent se coller sur les surfaces des façades des monuments et des immeubles, dont ils finissent par dénaturer l'aspect en rendant celles-ci progressivement noires et sales.The industrial world releases very many chemical pollutants into the atmosphere; these new pollutants stick to the surfaces of the facades of monuments and buildings, which they end up distorting by making them progressively black and dirty.

De plus, cette pollution encrassant les pierres de façade, entraîne dans de très nombreux cas une accélération plus ou moins rapide des processus d'altération des pierres mises en oeuvre.In addition, this pollution fouling the facade stones, in many cases leads to a more or less rapid acceleration of the weathering processes of the stones used.

En effet, sous l'action de la pollution, les pierres de façades de beaucoup de monuments se fragilisent en surface et ceci de façon très variable et très hétérogène. La couche de pollution devenant de plus en plus pelliculaire, masse de plus en plus les zones fragilisées rendant alors très fin et très délicat le travail de décapage de ces surfaces de bâtiments en pierre.Indeed, under the action of pollution, the facade stones of many monuments are weakened on the surface and this in a very variable and very heterogeneous way. As the pollution layer becomes more and more dandruff, it massages more and more the weakened areas, making the work of stripping these surfaces of stone buildings very fine and very delicate.

Si depuis toujours les pierres de façade ont été lavées à l'eau, aujourd'hui beaucoup de scientifiques travaillant sur les problèmes d'altération des pierres de façade, soulignent le fait que le nettoyage des nouvelles pollutions par lavages, permet aux polluants de pénétrer soit par capillarité, soit par des joints plus ou moins défectueux, soit par des points de surface déjà fragilisés, et de ce fait participe à l'accélération des processus d'altération. L'eau, qui intervient ici en tant qu'agent de réaction chimique et en tant que véhicule des sels nocifs, convient de moins en moins au nettoyage des pollutions collées sur les surfaces des façades en pierre de taille, surtout si celles-ci sont en plus fragilisées (desquamation, alvéolisation, etc ...).If facade stones have always been washed with water, today many scientists working on the problems of alteration of facade stones, underline the fact that the cleaning of new pollution by washing, allows pollutants to penetrate either by capillarity, or by more or less defective joints, or by surface points already weakened , and therefore participates in the acceleration of the alteration processes. Water, which acts here as a chemical reaction agent and as a vehicle for harmful salts, is less and less suitable for cleaning up the pollution stuck on the surfaces of dressed stone facades, especially if they are in addition weakened (scaling, alveolization, etc ...).

Malheureusement, les architectes responsables de l'entretien et de la sauvegarde des façades des monuments, hésitent quand même par rapport aux inconvénients des techniques de lavages à l'eau, à donner la préférence au nettoyage par projection de particules abrasives même fines, à cause du risque plus ou moins important d'abrasion de la couche de surface des pierres décapées.Unfortunately, the architects responsible for the maintenance and the safeguarding of the facades of the monuments, hesitate all the same with regard to the disadvantages of the techniques of washing with water, to give preference to cleaning by projection of abrasive particles even fine, because more or less significant risk of abrasion of the surface layer of pickled stones.

En effet, la couche de surface des pierres de taille mises en oeuvre, s'est couverte avec le temps d'une fine couche de cristallisation plus dure que l'intérieur de la pierre, qui a pour effet de protéger la pierre des agressions extérieures de toutes sortes. Cette fine couche de protection qui varie de 2 à 5 millimètres est appelée calcin ou sulfin en atmosphère urbaine. Pour la protection de la pierre, il est donc indispensable d'éviter d'abraser cette fine couche de cristallisation, d'autant que cette fine pellicule se fragilise de plus en plus sous l'action de la pollution. Cette pollution noirâtre masque en plus les zones altérées et en cours d'altération, rendant ainsi difficile la visibilité de ces zones fragiles.Indeed, the surface layer of the cut stones used, is covered over time with a thin layer of crystallization harder than the inside of the stone, which has the effect of protecting the stone from external aggressions all sorts. This thin protective layer which varies from 2 to 5 millimeters is called cullet or sulfin in an urban atmosphere. For the protection of the stone, it is therefore essential to avoid abrading this thin layer of crystallization, especially since this thin film becomes more and more fragile under the action of pollution. This blackish pollution also masks the altered and undergoing alteration areas, thus making the visibility of these fragile areas difficult.

De ce fait, le nettoyage de la pollution incrustée et collée sur les surfaces en pierre de taille, représente un travail qui devient de plus en plus délicat, méticuleux, et minutieux, et les techniques actuelles de projection d'abrasifs à sec présentent un risque plus ou moins important d'abrasion et d'attaque de matière suivant l'état, la dureté et l'homogénéité de dureté de la couche de surface.Therefore, the cleaning of pollution encrusted and stuck on ashlar surfaces, represents a work which becomes more and more delicate, meticulous, and meticulous, and the current techniques of projection dry abrasives present a more or less significant risk of abrasion and attack of material depending on the state, hardness and uniformity of hardness of the surface layer.

A la base des projections d'abrasifs, le sablage est une technique très grossière et très poussiéreuse, qui utilise un jet quelconque de sable plus ou moins gros, jet fixe unitaire et unidirectionnel qui est déplacé manuellement par une main-d'oeuvre plus ou moins minutieuse et méticuleuse.At the base of abrasive projections, sandblasting is a very coarse and very dusty technique, which uses any type of sand, more or less large, unitary and unidirectional fixed jet which is moved manually by more or less labor. less meticulous and meticulous.

Le principe du sablage consiste donc à projeter à sec sous pression d'air élevée (7 à 8 x 105 Pa en moyenne) des abrasifs ou sables plus ou moins gros ou plus ou moins fins, au travers d'une buse de sablage de 6 ou 8 millimètres de section, buse de sablage qui est actionnée manuellement par un sableur.The principle of sandblasting therefore consists of spraying dry, under high air pressure (7 to 8 × 10 5 Pa on average), abrasives or sands that are more or less large or more or less fine, through a sandblasting nozzle of 6 or 8 millimeters section, sandblasting nozzle which is manually operated by a sandblaster.

Si l'action nettoyante de décapage obtenu par le décapage se révèle très efficace et très rapide, outre l'abondante poussière très désagréable occasionnée, les supports et principalement les moulures et les sculptures sont littéralement abrasées, ce qui fait que la totalité des architectes, entreprises, etc... se sont vus contraints de ne plus utiliser cette méthode de décapage, certes rapide et économique, mais beaucoup trop abrasive, et causant trop de nuisances (poussières), de sorte que les techniques de lavages et de décapage à l'eau ont été préférées.If the cleaning action of stripping obtained by stripping is very effective and very fast, in addition to the abundant very unpleasant dust caused, the supports and mainly the moldings and sculptures are literally abraded, which means that all the architects, companies, etc ... have been forced to no longer use this pickling method, admittedly fast and economical, but much too abrasive, and causing too much nuisance (dust), so that washing and pickling techniques were preferred.

Devant ces inconvénients, notamment d'abrasion, diverses solutions ont été apportées, consistant principalement à remplacer les sables de volume trop important, par des sables beaucoup plus fins, sables souvent inférieurs à 200 micromètres.Faced with these drawbacks, particularly abrasion, various solutions have been provided, consisting mainly of replacing sands of too large a volume, with much finer sands, sands often less than 200 micrometers.

Parallèlement à ce progrès, les architectes responsables de l'entretien et de la conservation des monuments anciens exigent un travail de décapage plus fin, surtout de la part des applicateurs.At the same time as this progress, the architects responsible for the maintenance and conservation of old monuments are demanding finer stripping work, especially on the part of the applicators.

En effet, les applicateurs ou sableurs, ont beaucoup de mal, vu les nécessités de rendement et la dureté physique de la tâche, à réaliser un travail régulier, dosé, soigné, et ce pendant de nombreuses heures consécutives. La rentabilité de beaucoup d'entreprises oblige les sableurs à travailler à de trop fortes pressions (6, 7, 8 voire 10 ou même 12 x 105 Pa de pression), d'utiliser des jets dits de décapage (buse de sablage de 6, 8 millimètres et même plus) et de projeter des volumes d'air très importants, allant parfois jusqu'à 12 000 litres d'air par minute, ce qui provoque même avec des particules abrasives très fines, une attaque abrasive considérable, qui malmène toutes les zones de surfaces délicates ( sculptures, joints, calcin de dureté hétérogène, etc..), sans parler de l'ensemble de la façade, qui peut être littéralement abrasée, même si les pierres sont dures, ni de la poussière considérable émise, qui nécessite de bâcher l'espace de travail de façon compliquée et donc coûteuse.Indeed, the applicators or sanders, have a lot of trouble, given the performance requirements and physical hardness of the task, to perform regular, metered, neat work, and this for many consecutive hours. The profitability of many companies forces the sandblasters to work at too high pressures (6, 7, 8 or even 10 or even 12 x 10 5 Pa pressure), to use so-called pickling jets (sandblasting nozzle of 6 , 8 millimeters and even more) and to project very large volumes of air, sometimes going up to 12,000 liters of air per minute, which causes even with very fine abrasive particles, a considerable abrasive attack, which manhandles all areas of delicate surfaces (sculptures, joints, cullet of heterogeneous hardness, etc.), not to mention the entire facade, which can be literally abraded, even if the stones are hard, nor the considerable dust emitted , which requires covering the workspace in a complicated and therefore costly manner.

Ainsi, l'absence d'application imposée par le rendement et la dureté physique de la tâche augmente de façon plus ou moins importante, le risque et l'effet d'abrasion des supports nettoyés. De plus, ces jets dits de rendement, rendent impossible, vu le risque considérable d'abrasion, le nettoyage de supports architecturaux de valeur.Thus, the lack of application imposed by the performance and the physical hardness of the task increases more or less significantly, the risk and the abrasion effect of the cleaned supports. In addition, these so-called performance jets make it impossible, given the considerable risk of abrasion, to clean valuable architectural supports.

A l'opposé, certains restaurateurs et certains sculpteurs, afin d'éviter complètement le risque d'attaque abrasive inconcevable sur des supports architecturaux de valeur et de garantir un travail sans altération d'abrasion des supports décapés, en sont arrivés à des excès inverses, excès qui consistent à ne plus projeter qu'un tout petit débit d'air ( quelques dizaines de litres par minute ), à des pressions infiniment faibles ( quelques centaines de grammes ), au travers d'une buse la plus fine possible ( véritable stylo de projection ), avec le minimum possible de poudre et en utilisant de la poudre la plus fine possible, poudre ne dépassant souvent pas 10 micromètres.Conversely, certain restorers and certain sculptors, in order to completely avoid the risk of inconceivable abrasive attack on valuable architectural supports and to guarantee a work without alteration of abrasion of pickled supports, arrived at opposite excesses , excess which consists in projecting only a very small air flow (a few tens of liters per minute), at infinitely low pressures (a few hundred grams), through a finest nozzle possible (true projection pen), with the minimum possible powder and using the finest possible powder, powder often not exceeding 10 micrometers.

Le petit filet d'air ainsi obtenu est manié comme un stylo par le restaurateur qui suit avec une patience infinie, millimètre par millimètre, à 2 ou 3 centimètres de distance de travail, les reliefs de la petite zone qu'il est en train de décaper.The small air stream thus obtained is handled as a pen by the restaurateur who follows with infinite patience, millimeter by millimeter, at 2 or 3 centimeters of working distance, the reliefs of the small area he is pickling.

Cette technique de micro-sablage, utilisée par une main d'oeuvre nécessairement très patiente, permet de garantir un travail de décapage sans risque véritable d'abrasion, mais la très grande lenteur de ce procédé rend complètement prohibitif son utilisation et son application sur des surfaces complètes de bâtiments.This micro-sandblasting technique, used by a necessarily very patient workforce, makes it possible to guarantee pickling work without any real risk of abrasion, but the very slow speed of this process makes it completely prohibitive to use and apply on complete building surfaces.

Si le jet d'abrasif a pour particularité principale d'être grossièrement décapant et de provoquer une poussière considérable, gênant même la visibilité du travail, ce jet de sablage est très décapant principalement au niveau de son centre d'impact, et de ce fait, on comprend qu'en voulant abaisser au maximum, comme le fait le micro-sablage tous les paramètres de projection ( débit d'air, pression de projection, granulométrie d'abrasifs, section de buse ) ,ce centre d'impact sera mathématiquement de moins en moins décapant et abrasif, et que la diminution maximale de tous les paramètres de débit d'air et de débit d'abrasif rendra un travail plus aisé, en limitant au maximum l'émission de poussières.If the abrasive jet has the main feature of being roughly stripped and causing considerable dust, even hampering the visibility of the work, this sandblasting jet is very stripping mainly at its center of impact, and therefore , we understand that by wanting to lower to the maximum, as does micro-sanding all the projection parameters (air flow, projection pressure, abrasive size, nozzle section), this center of impact will be mathematically less and less stripper and abrasive, and that the maximum reduction of all the parameters of air flow and abrasive flow will make work easier, by limiting as much as possible the emission of dust.

Mais cette absence de caractéristiques abrasives et de poussières, se fait au détriment d'une vitesse de nettoyage et de caractéristiques incisives nécessaires à un bon nettoyage. En effet, ce mini-jet dépourvu de ces caractéristiques incisives ne permet plus de nettoyer certains types d'encrassement et de salissures, et peut de ce fait même devenir abrasif par effet inverse, du fait que l'on est obligé de trop insister sur des zones qui ne se nettoient plus, vu l'absence de caractéristiques incisives naturelles de ce mini jet.However, this absence of abrasive and dust characteristics is at the expense of a cleaning speed and incisive characteristics necessary for good cleaning. Indeed, this mini-jet devoid of these incisive characteristics no longer makes it possible to clean certain types of fouling and soiling, and can therefore even become abrasive by reverse effect, since it is necessary to insist too much on areas that can no longer be cleaned, given the lack of natural incisal characteristics of this mini jet.

Au cours de travaux de recherche antérieurs, qui font notamment l'objet des publications de brevets FR-B-2 640 529, FR-B-2 643 626, FR-B-2 643 673 et EP-B-0 384 873 déposés par le demandeur, celui-ci s'est rendu compte qu'en projetant un mélange air-poudre contre le support à nettoyer au moyen de plusieurs buses tournantes, on obtenait généralement un bon résultat.During previous research, which is the subject of patent publications FR-B-2 640 529, FR-B-2 643 626, FR-B-2 643 673 and EP-B-0 384 873 filed by the plaintiff, the latter realized that throwing an air-powder mixture against the support to be cleaned by means of several rotating nozzles, a good result was generally obtained.

Selon EP-B-0 384 873, une granulométrie indiquée pour la poudre est de l'ordre de 100 à 200 micromètres, et le nombre de buses est de deux.According to EP-B-0 384 873, a particle size indicated for the powder is of the order of 100 to 200 micrometers, and the number of nozzles is two.

Une technique similaire est également décrite dans le document postérieur DE-U-90 15670 qui utilise quatre buses, mais ne dit rien sur la granulométrie des particules abrasives, en l'occurence le sable.A similar technique is also described in the later document DE-U-90 15670 which uses four nozzles, but says nothing about the particle size of the abrasive particles, in this case sand.

Aucun des documents antérieurs ne donne d'indication relative à la section de passage du mélange air-poudre à travers les buses.None of the prior documents gives any indication relating to the cross section of the air-powder mixture passing through the nozzles.

Or, les nombreux essais réalisés par le demandeur ont montré que cette technique était encore perfectible sur les plans de l'efficacité et du rendement, notamment pour traiter certaines pollutions et certains supports.However, the numerous tests carried out by the applicant have shown that this technique could still be improved in terms of efficiency and yield, in particular for treating certain types of pollution and certain media.

Pour cela, il a, dans un premier temps, songé à augmenter la section de passage des buses et, corrélativement, le débit du mélange air-poudre. Cette mesure n'a pas donnée satisfaction, car elle entrainait un décapage excessif engendrant des détériorations de la surface traitée, notamment sur des supports architecturaux fragiles et de valeur, en raison de l'énergie cinétique totale élevée des flux projetés.For this, he first thought of increasing the passage section of the nozzles and, correspondingly, the flow rate of the air-powder mixture. This measure was not satisfactory, because it led to an excessive pickling causing deterioration of the treated surface, in particular on fragile and valuable architectural supports, due to the high total kinetic energy of the projected flows.

On connait par ailleurs, du document DE-U-8 912 741, un pistolet destiné à projeter un fluide d'assainissement contre des façades en pierre. Le pistolet comporte une rampe distributrice fixe percée d'une rangée d'orifices de passage du fluide, lequel n'est aucunement défini.We also know, from document DE-U-8 912 741, a gun intended to project a sanitation fluid against stone facades. The gun has a fixed distributor ramp pierced with a row of orifices for passage of the fluid, which is in no way defined.

Un tel dispositif n'est cependant pas adapté pour réaliser un nettoyage et un micro-décapage efficaces d'un support à l'aide d'un mélange air-poudre, et notamment d'un support fragile.However, such a device is not suitable for performing effective cleaning and micro-etching of a support using an air-powder mixture, and in particular of a fragile support.

La présente invention à donc pour but de remédier à l'ensemble de tous ces inconvénients, et pour ce faire elle propose un procédé de micro-nettoyage et de micro-décapage d'un support, selon lequel on projette en direction du support des jets d'air comprimé chargé de fines particules abrasives dont la granulométrie est inférieure à 200 micromètres, ces jets étant émis par des buses et déplacés à grande vitesse en balayant le support, caractérisé en ce qu'on fait usage d'une multitude de jets, dont le nombre est d'au moins dix, et en ce que ces jets présentent, au niveau des buses, une section ayant une dimension comprise entre 400 micromètres et 4 millimètres, ce qui leur confère une très faible énergie cinétique.The present invention therefore aims to remedy all of these drawbacks, and to do this it proposes a method of micro-cleaning and micro-etching of a support, according to which one projects in the direction of the support jets of compressed air charged with fine abrasive particles whose particle size is less than 200 micrometers, these jets being emitted by nozzles and moved at high speed by scanning the support, characterized in that a multitude of jets are used, the number of which is at least ten, and in that these jets have, at the level of the nozzles, a section having a dimension between 400 micrometers and 4 millimeters, which gives them a very low kinetic energy.

Ce procédé de micro-décapage et de micro-nettoyage à sec permet de décaper très rapidement des supports même très délicats et très fragiles, comme le sont les supports en pierre de taille.This micro-pickling and dry micro-cleaning process makes it possible to strip very quickly even very delicate and very fragile supports, as are stone supports.

Le procédé de la présente invention permet de réaliser un travail de décapage extrêmement rapide, tout en garantissant un travail d'excellente qualité, et ce sur tous types de salissures et sur tous types de supports. Le procédé de la présente invention garantit une absence complète d'abrasion sur tous les supports nettoyés, même si ceux-ci comportent par endroits des zones délicates et plus ou moins fragiles ou plus simplement de dureté de surface hétérogène ( joints de maçonnerie, pierres desquamées, calcin hétérogène, etc... ). Le procédé de la présente invention, de par les différentes combinaisons possibles, permet un travail de projection sans nuisance de poussières.The process of the present invention makes it possible to carry out an extremely rapid pickling work, while guaranteeing work of excellent quality, and this on all types of soiling and on all types of supports. The method of the present invention guarantees a complete absence of abrasion on all the cleaned supports, even if these include in places delicate and more or less fragile areas or more simply of heterogeneous surface hardness (masonry joints, flaking stones , heterogeneous cullet, etc.). The method of the present invention, by the different possible combinations, allows spraying work without nuisance of dust.

La mise au point du procédé de l'invention est partie des observations suivantes:

  • Dans un jet fixe unitaire unidirectionnel, c'est le centre ou "la pointe" du jet, qui est l'élément incisif décapant et donc abrasif, et les paramètres nécessaires à un travail de décapage rapide, obligent à ce que ce jet soit le plus décapant possible, augmentant d'autant la force d'impact de la "pointe" du jet, et donc augmentant ainsi la force et l'impact d'abrasion.
The development of the process of the invention is based on the following observations:
  • In a fixed unidirectional jet, it is the center or "the tip" of the jet, which is the incisive stripping and therefore abrasive element, and the parameters necessary for a rapid stripping job, oblige this jet to be the more stripper possible, thereby increasing the impact force of the "tip" of the jet, and therefore increasing the force and impact of abrasion.

Pour éviter l'abrasion de la pointe du jet, le procédé de l'invention, part du principe qu'il ne faut pas réduire les paramètres de projection, car cette réduction se fait au détriment de la vitesse et de l'action de décapage, mais il faut pour conserver cette vitesse et cette qualité de décapage multidiviser le jet en une multitude ou en de multiples micro-jets fins, et entraîner ces multiples micro-jets fins orientés multidirectionnellement en déplacement automatique très rapide.To avoid abrasion of the tip of the jet, the method of the invention starts from the principle that the projection parameters should not be reduced, since this reduction takes place at the expense of the speed and the stripping action , but it is necessary to maintain this speed and this quality of stripping to multidivide the jet into a multitude or into multiple fine micro-jets, and to drive these multiple fine micro-jets oriented multidirectionally in very rapid automatic movement.

Ainsi par exemple, un jet de 8 millimètres de section de buse, peut-être multidivisé soit en 64 buses de 1 millimètre, soit en 44 buses de 1,2 millimètre, soit en 28 buses de 1,5 millimètres, soit en 12 buses de 2,5 millimètres, etc ... ( plus le jet est multidivisé, plus les buses sont fines, et plus l'effet est accentué ).Thus for example, a jet of 8 millimeters of nozzle section, perhaps multidivisible either in 64 nozzles of 1 millimeter, or in 44 nozzles of 1.2 millimeters, or in 28 nozzles of 1.5 millimeters, or in 12 nozzles 2.5 millimeters, etc ... (the more the jet is multi-divided, the finer the nozzles, and the more the effect is accentuated).

On utilise ainsi au maximum l'action décapante des "pointes de jet", en les multipliant en quantité, en les divisant en volume, et en les répartissant sur une certaine surface ( disque ou roue de projection ).Thus, the stripping action of the "spray tips" is used to the maximum, by multiplying them in quantity, dividing them in volume, and distributing them over a certain surface (disc or projection wheel).

Principalement les buses de projection d'abrasifs sont très fines : elles sont comprises entre 1 et 2,5 millimètres ( mais pouvant aller dans le principe du procédé de l'invention, de 400 micromètres à 4 millimètres de section. )Mainly the abrasive projection nozzles are very fine: they are between 1 and 2.5 millimeters (but which can in principle go from the method of the invention, from 400 micrometers to 4 millimeters in section.)

Ces buses de projection très fines nécessitent de n'utiliser que des abrasifs de très fine granulométrie ( par exemple 80 à 100 micromètres ). Ces abrasifs très fins projetés par des buses très fines, n'ont pratiquement aucune énergie cinétique propre, ils ne peuvent se déplacer à grande vitesse, ou à vitesse d'impact nettoyant que s'ils sont véhiculés à l'intérieur d'un jet ou d'un filet d'air comprimé. Ce jet ou ce filet d'air comprimé sert ainsi de guide de projection aux particules très fines. Ainsi l'absence d'énergie cinétique de ces très fines particules les oblige à rester emmagasinés dans les filets d'air comprimé, et à se conformer strictement aux caractéristiques de déplacements très rapides de ces fins filets d'air.These very fine spray nozzles require the use of only very fine-grained abrasives (for example 80 to 100 micrometers). These very fine abrasives sprayed by very fine nozzles, have practically no specific kinetic energy, they can only move at high speed, or at a cleaning impact speed if they are transported inside a jet. or a compressed air stream. This jet or this compressed air stream thus serves as a projection guide for very fine particles. Thus the absence of kinetic energy of these very fine particles forces them to remain stored in the compressed air nets, and to strictly comply with the characteristics very fast movements of these fine air streams.

Ainsi, si l'on déplace l'ensemble de la multitude ou des multiples buses à vitesse rapide, celles-ci réalisent des multitudes de fractionnements des filets d'air très fins chargés de particules à très faible énergie cinétique, en petites longueurs de fins filets d'air, formant ainsi un brouillard de pointes de jets.Thus, if we move the whole of the multitude or multiple nozzles at high speed, these achieve multitudes of fractionations of very fine air streams loaded with particles with very low kinetic energy, in small lengths of ends air streams, thus forming a mist of spray tips.

Ces pointes de jets, ou toutes petites longueurs de fins filets d'air, chargées d'abrasifs très fins, résultant de ces multitudes de fractionnements mécanique automatique et incessants, réalisent un balayage effectué à haute vitesse, d'effleurement superficiel ( en superficie de la surface à nettoyer ), balayage n'ayant alors ni temps d'impact, ni volume d'impact, pour être vraiment abrasif, dans le sens d'attaque des supports décapés.These jets, or very small lengths of fine air streams, loaded with very fine abrasives, resulting from these multitudes of automatic and incessant mechanical fractionation, carry out a scan carried out at high speed, with a surface touch (in area of the surface to be cleaned), scanning then having neither impact time nor impact volume, to be truly abrasive, in the direction of attack of the pickled supports.

La multiplicité, la vitesse de déplacement des jets, la finesse des buses et la finesse des abrasifs utilisés, forment alors un brouillard "de pointes de jets" micro-abrasif à "impact multidivisé micro-pelliculaire ultra-rapide", ayant ainsi seulement le temps et la force d'impact nécessaire, pour dégager à toute vitesse, de façon superficielle, mais efficace et très rapide, seulement les particules à accroches non cimentées entre elles.The multiplicity, the speed of movement of the jets, the fineness of the nozzles and the fineness of the abrasives used, then form a fog "of micro-abrasive jet tips" with "ultra-fast multidimensional micro-film impact", thus having only the time and the force of impact necessary, to release at any speed, in a superficial, but effective and very fast way, only the particles with not cemented bond between them.

Ce brouillard de pointes de jets, réalise alors un décapage par impact d'effleurement superficiel ultra-rapide. L'absence de volume et de temps d'impact, alliée aux déplacements mécaniques incessants des jets multidivisés en multiples micro-jets fins, projetant des particules micro-fines, permet ainsi un travail de décapage d'une finesse étonnante, sur des supports très délicats et très fragiles, vu la très rapide vitesse de décapage réaliséeThis mist of spray tips then achieves an ultra-fast surface impact stripping. The absence of volume and impact time, combined with the incessant mechanical displacements of the jets multidivided into multiple fine micro-jets, projecting micro-fine particles, thus allows a work of stripping of astonishing finesse, on very supports delicate and very fragile, given the very fast pickling speed achieved

En effet, la multiplicité des buses, espacées sur une certaine surface, permet en orientant celles-ci de façon multidirectionnelle, d'avoir une multitude d'angles d'attaque différents, permettant avec le déplacement mécanique incessant des micro-jets de pouvoir nettoyer tous les points constitutifs d'un relief, et ce sans avoir à insister dans tous les sens et sans avoir comme dans les techniques traditionnelles à jet fixe unidirectionnel, à tourner la buse dans tous les sens, et à suivre de façon insistante ( abrasive ), tous les contours de reliefs de la surface à décaperIn fact, the multiplicity of nozzles, spaced over a certain surface, makes it possible, by orienting them in a multidirectional manner, to have a multitude of different attack angles, allowing with the relentless mechanical movement of micro-jets to be able to clean all points constituting a relief, and this without having to insist in all directions and without having, as in traditional unidirectional fixed jet techniques, to rotate the nozzle in all directions, and to insistently follow (abrasive), all contours of reliefs of the surface to be stripped

Ainsi le procédé de la présente invention est un procédé qui consiste à projeter en direction d'un support à nettoyer et à décaper, un brouillard micro-abrasif obtenu par le déplacement très rapide et continu de multiples fins filets d'air comprimé, chargés de particules abrasives à très faible énergie cinétique, et à déplacer ce brouillard micro-abrasif obtenu, tout le long du support à nettoyer.Thus the process of the present invention is a process which consists in projecting towards a support to be cleaned and pickled, a micro-abrasive mist obtained by the very rapid and continuous movement of multiple fine threads of compressed air, charged with abrasive particles with very low kinetic energy, and to displace this micro-abrasive mist obtained, all along the support to be cleaned.

Dans des modes de réalisation préférés du procédé selon l'invention, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • la granulométrie des particules abrasives est principalement comprise entre 80 et 120 micromètres ;
  • la multitude de jets est obtenue par multi-division d'un jet unique ;
  • on projette simultanément un brouillard de particules d'eau atomisée ou de fins jets de vapeur.
In preferred embodiments of the method according to the invention, use is also made of one and / or the other of the following arrangements:
  • the particle size of the abrasive particles is mainly between 80 and 120 micrometers;
  • the multitude of jets is obtained by multi-division of a single jet;
  • a mist of atomized water particles or fine jets of vapor is simultaneously projected.

Par ailleurs, l'invention a également pour objet une installation de micro-nettoyage et de micro-décapage équipée d'un appareil de projection comprenant une roue rotative pourvue de buses de projection de l'air comprimé chargé de fines particules abrasives, caractérisée en ce que ladite roue rotative comporte une multitude de buses, dont le nombre est d'au moins dix, qui présentent chacune un cône d'entrée et ont une section de passage des particules dont la dimension est comprise entre 400 micromètres et 4 millimètres.Furthermore, the subject of the invention is also a micro-cleaning and micro-etching installation equipped with a spraying apparatus comprising a rotating wheel provided with nozzles for spraying compressed air loaded with fine abrasive particles, characterized in that said rotary wheel comprises a multitude of nozzles, the number of which is at least ten, which each have an inlet cone and have a particle passage section whose dimension is between 400 micrometers and 4 millimeters.

Selon des modes de réalisations préférentiels de l'installation selon l'invention, on a recours en outre à l'une et/ou à l'autre des dispositions suivantes :

  • la roue comporte une dizaine à plusieurs dizaines de buses ;
  • la roue comporte des dizaines à plusieurs centaines de buses ;
  • ledit appareil comporte en outre des moyens pour le faire pivoter par rapport à un support de fixation ;
  • la dimension de la section de passage des particules dans les buses est comprise entre 1 et 2,5 millimètres ;
  • lesdites buses sont disposées selon des orientations de projection angulaires différentes, multidirectionnelles ;
  • l'appareil de projection est équipé en outre de buses de projection d'un mélange d'air comprimé et d'eau ;
  • l'appareil de projection est équipé en outre de buses de projection de fins jets de vapeur ;
  • lesdites buses ne débordent pas, ou pratiquement pas, par rapport à la face de projection de la roue ;
  • l'appareil comprend, dans le sens de déplacement des particules abrasives, un tube d'amenée du mélange air-abrasif, qui débouche sur un évasement en forme d'entonnoir ;
  • ledit évasement communique avec chacune des buses, ces dernières formant un angle aigu avec l'axe longitudinal dudit tube d'amenée ;
  • le fait que le tube d'amenée et l'évasement sont traversés par un conduit indépendant d'aspiration de l'abrasif ;
  • l'amenée du mélange air/particules audit évasement se fait à travers un tube fixe et un conduit rotatif, solidaire de ladite roue, l'étanchéité entre les parties fixe et mobile étant réalisée par un embrèvement de la partie fixe dans la partie mobile, avec présence de joints rotatifs du type joints à lèvres.
According to preferred embodiments of the installation according to the invention, recourse is also had to one and / or the other of the following arrangements:
  • the wheel has ten to several tens nozzles;
  • the wheel has tens to several hundred nozzles;
  • said apparatus further comprises means for pivoting it relative to a fixing support;
  • the dimension of the section of passage of the particles in the nozzles is between 1 and 2.5 millimeters;
  • said nozzles are arranged according to different, multidirectional angular projection orientations;
  • the projection apparatus is further equipped with projection nozzles of a mixture of compressed air and water;
  • the projection apparatus is further equipped with projection nozzles for fine jets of vapor;
  • said nozzles do not project, or practically do not, with respect to the projection face of the wheel;
  • the apparatus comprises, in the direction of movement of the abrasive particles, a tube for supplying the air-abrasive mixture, which leads to a funnel-shaped flare;
  • said flare communicates with each of the nozzles, the latter forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of said supply tube;
  • the fact that the feed tube and the flare are crossed by an independent abrasive suction pipe;
  • the air / particles mixture is brought into said flaring through a fixed tube and a rotary duct, integral with said wheel, the sealing between the fixed and mobile parts being achieved by a recess of the fixed part in the mobile part, with the presence of rotary seals of the lip seal type.

Le nombre des buses est d'une trentaine en moyenne, mais peut dépasser la centaine dans certains cas.The number of nozzles is around thirty on average, but can exceed one hundred in some cases.

La section des buses de projection d'abrasifs est principalement située aux alentours de 1 à 2,5 millimètres, mais peut aller de 400 micromètres à 4 millimètres.The section of the abrasive projection nozzles is mainly located around 1 to 2.5 millimeters, but can range from 400 micrometers to 4 millimeters.

Les abrasifs de très fine granulométrie, pour avoir une action de décapage efficace, sont de dureté très importante ( grains ou micro-billes de verre, corindon etc...).Abrasives of very fine particle size, to have an effective pickling action, are of very high hardness (grains or micro-beads of glass, corundum, etc.).

La roue de projection porte-buses peut coiffer un large cône de distribution en forme d'entonnoir : le cône de distribution et la roue peuvent être en P.T.F.E ( teflon) ou en céramique, et les buses sont en céramique.The nozzle-holder projection wheel can cover a large funnel-shaped distribution cone: the distribution cone and the wheel can be made of P.T.F.E (teflon) or ceramic, and the nozzles are ceramic.

Eventuellement, la roue de projection, lorsqu'elle n'est pas alésée et garnie de buses, est percée de multiples orifices fins formant les buses ( l'ensemble étant alors tout en céramique ).Optionally, the projection wheel, when it is not bored and furnished with nozzles, is pierced with multiple fine orifices forming the nozzles (the assembly then being made entirely of ceramic).

Du fait de la très fine section de chaque conduit de buse, l'intérieur de chaque buse a de préférence une forme d'entonnoir. Cette forme de cône ou d'entonnoir est nécessaire afin de permettre un écoulement aisé et fluide des abrasifs projetés, du fait de la très grande étroitesse de chaque conduit de buse.Due to the very thin section of each nozzle duct, the interior of each nozzle preferably has a funnel shape. This cone or funnel shape is necessary in order to allow an easy and fluid flow of the projected abrasives, because of the very great narrowness of each nozzle duct.

La roue porte-buses est entraînée en déplacement mécanique automatique à plus ou moins grande vitesse, dans une plage de vitesse située principalement entre 0 et 4000 tours par minute.The nozzle-carrying wheel is driven in automatic mechanical displacement at more or less high speed, in a speed range situated mainly between 0 and 4000 revolutions per minute.

Cet effet peut être accentué par d'autres déplacements mécaniques automatiques, notamment par le pivotement de la roue sur elle-même en arc de cercle à gauche, puis en arc de cercle à droite, puis en arc de cercle vers le haut et vers le bas ( pivotement mécanique et automatique autour d'un support ).This effect can be accentuated by other automatic mechanical displacements, in particular by the pivoting of the wheel on itself in an arc of a circle on the left, then in an arc of a circle on the right, then in an arc of a circle upwards and towards the low (mechanical and automatic pivoting around a support).

L'ensemble des déplacements mécaniques sert à augmenter la vitesse de décapage des micro-jets.All of the mechanical movements serve to increase the pickling speed of the micro-jets.

C'est la finesse et la multiplicité buses de projection, ayant principalement 1 à 2,5 millimètres de section de conduit, c'est la distance assez importante de projection ( allant de 20 à 80 centimètres de distance par rapport au support à décaper ), c'est la très faible énergie cinétique des particules abrasives projetées ( 80 à 100 micromètres ou principalement 80 à 120 micromètres ), leur permettant de par leur très faible énergie cinétique de suivre les caractéristiques de déplacement très rapide des filets d'air, c'est la très grande dureté d'attaque de ces particules très fines ( grain de verre, corindon etc...), c'est la très grande vitesse de sortie donnée par les conduits d'accélération de chaque buse, c'est l'important volume d'air projeté, plusieurs milliers de litres par minute, c'est la pression de projection ( 3 à 6 x 105 Pa en moyenne ), alliées aux déplacements mécanique à grande vitesse, qui réalisent ce brouillard micro-abrasif, sous pression d'air comprimé, qui n'est pas un brouillard abrasif poussiéreux, mais de par les caractéristiques énoncées ci-dessus est un brouillard de " pointes de jets ", qui réalise un balayage décapant par effleurement superficiel, balayage rapide et incessant, permettant d'allier une très grande vitesse de décapage avec une absence d'attaque abrasive sur des supports à décaper même très délicats, tels que le sont les bâtiments et les monuments anciens en pierre de taille.It is the smoothness and the multiplicity of projection nozzles, having mainly 1 to 2.5 millimeters of duct section, it is the fairly large projection distance (ranging from 20 to 80 centimeters from the support to be stripped) is very low energy kinetics of the abrasive particles projected (80 to 100 micrometers or mainly 80 to 120 micrometers), allowing them by their very low kinetic energy to follow the characteristics of very fast displacement of the air streams, it is the very great hardness of attack of these very fine particles (grain of glass, corundum etc ...), it is the very high exit speed given by the acceleration ducts of each nozzle, it is the important volume of air projected, several thousand liters per minute, it is the projection pressure (3 to 6 x 10 5 Pa on average), combined with mechanical movements at high speed, which produce this micro-abrasive mist, under compressed air pressure, which is not a dusty abrasive mist, but by the characteristics set out above is a mist of "jet tips", which achieves a scouring sweep by surface brushing, rapid and incessant sweep, allowing to combine a very high pickling speed with no abrasive attack on even very delicate pickling substrates, such as old stone buildings and monuments.

Le procédé de la présente invention de projection d'abrasifs fins sous air comprimé occasionne une poussière plus ou moins importante, bien que le procédé, de par ses particularités ( très fines buses ) consomme 2 à 3 fois moins d'abrasif pour la même efficacité, et que chaque fin filet d'air soit réglé, pour projeter un minimum d'abrasif pour un volume d'air important, puisque repassant de multiples fois sur les mêmes points.The process of the present invention of spraying fine abrasives under compressed air causes more or less dust, although the process, by its peculiarities (very fine nozzles) consumes 2 to 3 times less abrasive for the same efficiency , and that each fine air stream is adjusted, to project a minimum of abrasive for a large volume of air, since ironing multiple times on the same points.

La projection de ce brouillard micro-abrasif, source de poussières, permet dans le procédé de l'invention, puisque les jets sont fins et dispersés, sur la surface somme toute importante d'une roue de projection:

  • soit de positionner dans les espaces entre les buses de projection d'abrasifs, des buses de projection d'eau atomisée ; en effet, pour obtenir le même résultat, sur un jet large classique unidirectionnel de projection d'abrasif ( buse de 8 millimètre), il faudrait projeter beaucoup d'eau simultanément, et la force et le volume du ou des jets d'eau mouilleraient de façon plus ou moins importante le mur, alors que dans le procédé de l'invention, en multidivisant le jet d'abrasif en micro-jets multiples ( par exemple un jet de 8 millimètres de section de buse peut-être multidivisé en 28 buses de 1,5 millimètres ), il faudra alors moins d'eau (28 fois moins dans l'exemple précité) par filet à humidifier, sachant qu'en plus les filets d'air sont réglés pour consommer très peu d'abrasif ; de ce fait, il devient possible, alors en projetant non plus un jet d'eau, mais des particules d'eau atomisées sous pression d'air comprimé, d'humidifier les particules abrasives sans vraiment mouiller les jets ; les jets de projection d'eau atomisés provenant de ces buses 14 d'atomisation pneumatique sont réglés pour envoyer des nuages d'eau atomisés, et ces jets de buse 14 sont dirigés préférentiellement en parallèle aux jets d'abrasifs ;
  • soit de positionner dans les espaces entre les buses de projection d'abrasifs, un nombre important de très fines buses de projection de fins jets de vapeur.
The projection of this micro-abrasive mist, a source of dust, makes it possible in the process of the invention, since the jets are fine and dispersed, on the altogether large surface of a projection wheel:
  • either to position in the spaces between the abrasive projection nozzles, atomized water projection nozzles; indeed, to obtain the same result, on a classic unidirectional wide jet of abrasive projection (8 mm nozzle), it would be necessary to spray a lot of water simultaneously, and the force and the volume of the water jet (s) would more or less wet the wall, while in the method of the invention, by multidividing the abrasive jet into multiple micro-jets (for example a jet of 8 millimeters of nozzle section may be multidivided into 28 nozzles of 1.5 millimeters), then less will be required of water (28 times less in the above example) per net to be humidified, knowing that in addition the air streams are adjusted to consume very little abrasive; therefore, it becomes possible, then by spraying no longer a water jet, but atomized water particles under compressed air pressure, to humidify the abrasive particles without really wetting the jets; the atomized water spray jets from these pneumatic atomization nozzles 14 are adjusted to send atomized water clouds, and these nozzle jets 14 are preferably directed in parallel to the abrasive jets;
  • or to position in the spaces between the abrasive spray nozzles, a large number of very fine spray nozzles for fine jets of steam.

Le procédé de l'invention utilise de l'air comprimé venant d'un compresseur, et peut réaliser le mélange air-abrasif en passant par une sableuse. Toutefois, dans le procédé de l'invention, il est particulièrement intéressant de ne pas utiliser de sableuse. Ainsi l'air comprimé venant du compresseur est envoyé directement et seul dans l'appareil de projection multibuses, le mélange air-comprimé-abrasif se faisant à l'intérieur de l'appareil de projection juste avant la sortie de buse. Ce système permet de valoriser le procédé de la présente invention, en permettant d'utiliser au mieux des buses les plus fine possible, de faciliter grandement la régularité du flux et du débit d'abrasif, et de consommer très peu d'abrasifs. Donnant ainsi des jets plus réguliers et pouvant être très faiblement chargés en abrasif.The method of the invention uses compressed air from a compressor, and can produce the air-abrasive mixture by passing through a sandblaster. However, in the process of the invention, it is particularly advantageous not to use a sandblaster. Thus, the compressed air coming from the compressor is sent directly and alone to the multi-nozzle projection device, the air-compressed-abrasive mixture being made inside the projection device just before the nozzle outlet. This system makes it possible to enhance the process of the present invention, by making the best use of the finest nozzles possible, greatly facilitating the regularity of the flow and the flow of abrasive, and consuming very few abrasives. Thus giving more regular jets and can be very weak loaded with abrasive.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront de l'ensemble de la description et des dessins annexés qui en représentent des modes de réalisation préférentiels.Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear from the whole of the description and the appended drawings which represent preferred embodiments.

Sur ces dessins:

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique de la face de projection d'une roue équipée de 42 buses de projection d'abrasifs,
  • la figure 2 est une vue schématique de la face de projection d'une roue équipée de 132 buses de projection d'abrasifs,
  • la figure 3 est une vue schématique d'une roue de projection équipée de buses de projection d'abrasifs, et de buses projection de fins jets de vapeur,
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique de l'appareil de projection 21 monté sur un bras de positionnement et de soutien,
  • la figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe de la roue mécanique de projection équipée de buses de projection d'abrasifs,
  • la figure 6 est un schéma de principe pour alimenter les buses d'atomisation d'eau,
  • la figure 7 est un schéma de principe d'un appareil de projection équipé d'un système de mélange air-abrasif à l'intérieur de l'appareil, par aspiration des particules abrasives juste avant leur projection.
In these drawings:
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the projection face of a wheel equipped with 42 abrasive projection nozzles,
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the projection face of a wheel equipped with 132 abrasive projection nozzles,
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a projection wheel fitted with abrasive projection nozzles, and projection jets for fine jets of vapor,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the projection apparatus 21 mounted on a positioning and support arm,
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view of the mechanical projection wheel equipped with abrasive projection nozzles,
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram for supplying the water atomization nozzles,
  • Figure 7 is a block diagram of a projection apparatus equipped with an air-abrasive mixing system inside the apparatus, by suction of the abrasive particles just before their projection.

L 'installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, comprend un appareil de projection ou roue de projection, comprenant dans le sens de déplacement des particules abrasives un tube 2 d'amené cylindrique du mélange air-particules abrasives débouchant sur un large évasement 4 en forme d'entonnoir, cet évasement 4 communiquant par l'intermédiaire de cônes 7 d'entrée avec lesdites buses 6 de projection d'abrasifs, la direction de chacune desdites buses 6 formant un angle aigu avec l'axe longitudinal dudit tube 2 d'amené. Cette inclinaison d'angle différent sur chaque buse 6, permet d'obtenir une multitude d'angles de projection différents, donnant une projection par attaque de micro-jets multidirectionnels.The installation for implementing the method of the invention comprises a projection device or projection wheel, comprising in the direction of movement of the abrasive particles a tube 2 for cylindrical supply of the air-abrasive particle mixture opening onto a wide flare 4 in the form of a funnel, this flare 4 communicating by means of inlet cones 7 with said nozzles 6 for blasting abrasives, the direction of each of said nozzles 6 forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of said supply tube 2. This inclination of different angle on each nozzle 6, allows to obtain a multitude of different projection angles, giving a projection by attack of multidirectional micro-jets.

L'appareil ou roue de projection 21 est équipée d'une multitude ou de multiples fines buses 6 de projection d'abrasifs, qui sont positionnées et espacées sur un disque de projection 15. Le positionnement se fait selon des formes de dessin principalement en spirales, afin d'accentuer l'effet rotatif et pour couvrir et balayer le maximum de points différents de nettoyage. Les nombreuses buses 6 de projection d'abrasifs, ne débordent pas ou pratiquement pas de la face de projection 15, assurant ainsi un ensemble très compact et permettant des déplacements dans l'air de l'appareil 21 de projection de façon très fiable, dans tous les sens même à de très grande vitesse de déplacement .The apparatus or projection wheel 21 is equipped with a multitude or multiple fine nozzles 6 for projecting abrasives, which are positioned and spaced on a projection disc 15. The positioning is done according to drawing shapes mainly in spirals , in order to accentuate the rotary effect and to cover and sweep the maximum of different cleaning points. The numerous nozzles 6 for blasting abrasives do not project or hardly extend beyond the blasting face 15, thus ensuring a very compact assembly and allowing movement in the air of the blasting apparatus 21 very reliably, in all directions even at very high speed of movement.

Cette roue 10 de projection est équipée de moyens permettant son entraînement mécanique en rotation à très grande vitesse ( 0 à 4000 tours par minute ).This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means allowing its mechanical drive in rotation at very high speed (0 to 4000 revolutions per minute).

Cette roue 10 de projection est équipée de moyens permettant son pivotement en courses mécaniques et automatiques sur elle-même en arc de cercle sur la gauche puis en arc de cercle sur la droite .This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means allowing it to pivot in mechanical and automatic strokes on itself in an arc of a circle on the left then in an arc of a circle on the right.

Cette roue 10 de projection est équipée de moyens permettant son pivotement en courses mécaniques et automatiques sur elle-même en arc de cercle vers le haut puis vers le bas.This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means allowing it to pivot in mechanical and automatic strokes on itself in an arc of a circle upwards then downwards.

Cette roue 10 de projection est équipée de moyens permettant de modifier automatiquement l'ensemble des paramètres de projection ( marche, arrêt, variateur de vitesse mécanique, débit, pression, dosage air-abrasif etc... ).This projection wheel 10 is equipped with means making it possible to automatically modify all of the projection parameters (on, off, mechanical speed variator, flow rate, pressure, air-abrasive metering, etc.).

Cette roue 10 ou appareil de projection, est équipée d'un système de distribution et de projection du mélange air-abrasif. Ce système comprend :

  • un conduit 1 d'amenée fixe du mélange air-abrasif,
  • un tube cylindrique 2 d'amenée du mélange air-abrasif : l'ensemble de ce tube 2 est rotatif et est monté par un jeu de roulements 3 à double étanchéité,
  • un alésage 4 central, formant un large évasement en forme d'entonnoir, permettant d'approvisionner l'ensemble des buses 6 de projection d'abrasifs au travers de cônes de distribution et de répartition et de multidiviser ainsi le jet central en une multitude de micro-jets. Cet alésage 4 débouche et se ramifie sur les cônes 7 d'entrée de buse en forme aussi d'entonnoir, situés dans la roue 10 de projection,
  • des buses 6 de projection: la roue 10 porte-buses 6 est en céramique, elle est percée d'une multitude ou de multiples orifices fins multidirectionnels formant les buses 6 de projection d'abrasifs fins.
This wheel 10 or projection device, is equipped with a distribution and projection system of the air-abrasive mixture. This system includes:
  • a fixed supply duct 1 for the air-abrasive mixture,
  • a cylindrical tube 2 for supplying the air-abrasive mixture: the assembly of this tube 2 is rotary and is mounted by a set of double-sealed bearings 3,
  • a central bore 4, forming a large flare in the form of a funnel, making it possible to supply all of the nozzles 6 for blasting abrasives through distribution and distribution cones and thus to multidivise the central jet into a multitude of micro-jets. This bore 4 opens and branches out on the cones 7 of the nozzle inlet, also in the form of a funnel, situated in the projection wheel 10,
  • spray nozzles 6: the nozzle holder wheel 6 is made of ceramic, it is pierced with a multitude or multiple multidirectional fine orifices forming the nozzles 6 for spraying fine abrasives.

Chaque buse 6 de la roue 10 comprend:

  • un très large cône 7 d'entrée de buse, en forme d'entonnoir permettant de par la multidivision du jet en jets très fins, et de par l'étroitesse des conduits obtenus, un écoulement fluide et aisé des particules,
  • un conduit d'accélération 8 de l'air et des particules abrasives,
  • un conduit d'éjection 9 variant d'une forme circulaire à une forme oblongue au niveau de son ouverture de sortie sur la face de projection 15 des particules.
Each nozzle 6 of the wheel 10 comprises:
  • a very large cone 7 for the inlet of the nozzle, in the form of a funnel allowing, by the multidivision of the jet into very fine jets, and by the narrowness of the conduits obtained, a fluid and easy flow of particles,
  • an air and abrasive particle acceleration duct 8,
  • an ejection duct 9 varying from a circular shape to an oblong shape at its outlet opening on the projection face 15 of the particles.

L'ensemble de cette roue de projection 10 est monté dans un carter 11 complètement étanche. En effet, l'entraînement en rotation de pièces mécaniques dans un milieu d'abrasifs très fins ( certaines particules abrasives ne dépassant pas quelques microns ), nécessitent une configuration de fabrication spécifique, et une étanchéité vraiment spécifique par rapport à la finesse de ces abrasifs très fins.
Ainsi l'appareil est rendu complètement étanche par:

  • un embrèvement 26 de la partie fixe dans la partie mobile et dont le guidage en rotation est étanché par des joints rotatifs 5 de type joints à lèvres, ainsi qu'au niveau du guidage en rotation de ce cône d'amenée 4 par rapport au carter 11 fixe par des roulements 3 à double étanchéité. L'étanchéité du couvercle 18 arrière est assurée par un joint plat.
The assembly of this projection wheel 10 is mounted in a completely sealed casing 11. Indeed, the rotational drive of mechanical parts in a medium of very fine abrasives (certain abrasive particles not exceeding a few microns), require a specific manufacturing configuration, and a truly specific seal compared to the fineness of these abrasives very fine.
Thus the device is made completely waterproof by:
  • a recess 26 of the fixed part in the mobile part and whose rotation guide is sealed by seals rotary 5 of the lip seal type, as well as at the level of the guiding in rotation of this supply cone 4 relative to the casing 11 fixed by bearings 3 with double sealing. The rear cover 18 is sealed by a flat seal.

Avec le principe de travailler sans sableuse, la configuration de l'intérieur de l'appareil de projection 21 se trouve modifiée par la présence d'un conduit central 19 d'amenée de l'abrasif ( par aspiration ), ce conduit se ramifiant en autant de petits tuyaux 20( d'approvisionnement en abrasifs ) qu'il y a de buses 6. L'air seul non chargé d'abrasifs arrivant dans les cône d'entrée 7 de buse vient aspirer régulièrement et simultanément sur son passage une petite quantité d'abrasifs. Ce conduit central 19 d'amenée de l'abrasif ( par aspiration ) est fixe par rapport au cône d'amenée d'air, et il est centré et fixé par des pattes de fixation reliées au tube rotatif 2 et au cône de distribution 4 : ce conduit est donc entraîné en rotation simultanément avec le tube 2 et le cône de distribution 4, et comprend donc un joint rotatif étanche à sa jonction avec le tuyau d'amenée de l'abrasif.With the principle of working without a sandblaster, the configuration of the interior of the projection device 21 is modified by the presence of a central duct 19 for supplying the abrasive (by suction), this duct branching out as many small pipes 20 (supply of abrasives) as there are nozzles 6. The only air not loaded with abrasives arriving in the inlet cone 7 of the nozzle sucks regularly and simultaneously in its passage a small amount of abrasives. This central duct 19 for supplying the abrasive (by suction) is fixed relative to the air supply cone, and it is centered and fixed by fixing lugs connected to the rotary tube 2 and to the distribution cone 4 : This duct is therefore rotated simultaneously with the tube 2 and the distribution cone 4, and therefore comprises a sealed rotary joint at its junction with the abrasive supply pipe.

La projection d'abrasif sous forme de brouillard réalisé par cette roue de projection occasionne une poussière importante, ainsi parallèlement à la projection de fins filets d'air chargés de très fines particules abrasives, il est intéressant de disposer sur la roue 10 de projection d'abrasifs, un certain nombre de buses 14 très fines de projection d'eau atomisée ou de très fines buses de projection de très fins jets de vapeurs 17.The projection of abrasive in the form of a mist produced by this projection wheel causes significant dust, so parallel to the projection of fine air streams loaded with very fine abrasive particles, it is advantageous to have on the projection wheel 10 d 'abrasives, a number of very fine nozzles 14 for spraying atomized water or very fine nozzles for spraying very fine jets of vapor 17.

L'utilisation de fins filets d'air et d'abrasifs, dont les buses 6 de projection sont disposées sur la surface somme toute importante qui constitue la surface 15 de la roue 10 de projection, permet une dilution des filets d'air comprimé et d'abrasifs dans un brouillard de particules d'eau atomisées. Cette roue 10 de projection permet en plus par le phénomène rotatif de provoquer une homogénéisation du brouillard d'eau qui se reforme sans arrêt dans les vides de projection d'abrasifs.The use of fine air streams and abrasives, the projection nozzles 6 of which are arranged on the altogether large surface which constitutes the surface 15 of the projection wheel 10, makes it possible to dilute the compressed air streams and abrasives in a mist of atomized water particles. This projection wheel 10 also makes it possible by the rotary phenomenon to bring about a homogenization of the water mist which is constantly reforming in the voids of projection of abrasives.

Les particules très fines d'eau atomisées projetées dans l'espace de projection, sont projetées sous forme pulvérisée de très fines particules d'eau atomisées, la granulométrie de ces particules d'eau atomisées étant la plus fine possible.The very fine atomized water particles projected into the projection space are projected in the form of a spray of very fine atomized water particles, the particle size of these atomized water particles being as fine as possible.

Ainsi cette roue 10 de projection est équipée de buses 14 de projection d'eau atomisée disposées sur la face de projection 15.
L'eau est amenée dans l'appareil de projection par l'intermédiaire d'un tuyau fixe 22 centré dans le cône d'amenée du mélange air-abrasif. Ce conduit 22 est fixé par des pattes de fixation 13 reliées au tube rotatif 2 et au cône de distribution 4. Ce conduit 22 est entraîné en rotation simultanément avec le tube 2 et le cône de distribution 4 et nécessite donc un joint rotatif étanche avec le tuyau 22 d'amenée d'eau sous pression. Ce conduit 22 se ramifie en une série de petits canaux 25 conduisant l'eau aux buses d'atomisation 14.
Thus this projection wheel 10 is equipped with nozzles 14 for spraying atomized water arranged on the projection face 15.
Water is brought into the spraying apparatus by means of a fixed pipe 22 centered in the cone for supplying the air-abrasive mixture. This conduit 22 is fixed by fixing lugs 13 connected to the rotary tube 2 and to the distribution cone 4. This conduit 22 is rotated simultaneously with the tube 2 and the distribution cone 4 and therefore requires a sealed rotary joint with the pipe 22 for supplying pressurized water. This conduit 22 branches into a series of small channels 25 leading the water to the atomization nozzles 14.

Les jets de projection d'eau atomisés provenant des buses 14 d'atomisation pneumatiques sont réglés pour envoyer des nuages d'eau atomisés et ces jets de buses 14 sont dirigés préférentiellement en parallèle aux jets d'abrasifs.The atomized water spray jets from the pneumatic atomization nozzles 14 are adjusted to send atomized water clouds and these nozzle jets 14 are preferably directed in parallel to the abrasive jets.

Dans des modes de réalisation différents, les buses 14 de projection d'eau atomisée peuvent être remplacées par des buses de projection de très fins jets de vapeur 17.In different embodiments, the nozzles 14 for spraying atomized water can be replaced by nozzles for spraying very fine jets of vapor 17.

Cette roue 10 de projection d'abrasifs fins, peut avoir un diamètre de quelques centimètres à plusieurs dizaines de centimètres, ce diamètre de la roue 10 de projection étant proportionnel au nombre de buses l'équipant et à l'espacement plus ou moins important donné à celles-ci.This wheel 10 for blasting fine abrasives can have a diameter of a few centimeters to several tens of centimeters, this diameter of the blasting wheel 10 being proportional to the number of nozzles fitted to it and to the more or less large spacing given to these.

Le procédé de l'invention est un procédé de micro-décapage et de micro-nettoyage conjuguant vitesse et très grande qualité. Ce procédé à impact d'effleurement superficiel à haute vitesse, s'applique pratiquement sur tous types de supports principalement délicats et très fragiles (pierres anciennes, pierres altérées et desquamées, antiquités, meubles anciens, plâtres, etc), et permet de nettoyer tous types de salissures et de dépôts ( hydrocarbure, pollutions diverses, tags, graffitis, etc.. ).The process of the invention is a micro-pickling and micro-cleaning process combining speed and very high quality. This high-speed surface touch impact process can be applied to almost all types mainly delicate and very fragile supports (old stones, altered and flaked stones, antiques, old furniture, plasters, etc.), and allows to clean all types of dirt and deposits (oil, various pollutants, tags, graffiti, etc. ).

Dans un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'appareil 21 ou de roue de projection, cet appareil de projection 21 est monté sur un bras de soutien 16 et de positionnement. Il est équipé de poignées 23 de déplacement et de guidage. La roue 10 de projection est équipée de quarante huit buses 6 de projection d'abrasifs fins. La section de ces buses est de 2 millimètres. Ces buses sont en céramique. L'ensemble comprend, dans le sens de déplacement des particules, un tube 2 d'amenée du mélange air-particules abrasives débouchant sur un large évasement en forme d'entonnoir 4, cet évasement communiquant par l'intermédiaire de cônes 7 d'entrée avec lesdites buses 6 de projection d'abrasifs, la direction de chacune desdites buses formant un angle aigu avec l'axe longitudinal dudit tube d'amenée 2.In a preferred embodiment of the apparatus 21 or of the projection wheel, this projection apparatus 21 is mounted on a support and positioning arm 16. It is equipped with handles 23 for movement and guidance. The projection wheel 10 is equipped with forty eight nozzles 6 for projecting fine abrasives. The section of these nozzles is 2 millimeters. These nozzles are made of ceramic. The assembly comprises, in the direction of movement of the particles, a tube 2 for supplying the air-abrasive particle mixture leading to a wide flare in the form of a funnel 4, this flaring communicating by means of cones 7 inlet with said abrasive spray nozzles 6, the direction of each of said nozzles forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of said supply tube 2.

Le cône d'amenée 4 qui achemine l'abrasif dans la roue 10 porte-buses 6 est en P.T.F.E ( teflon), il est guidé en rotation par une douille à aiguilles 24 étanche et un roulement 3 à billes étanche, logés dans un carter 11 lui-même étanché. La rotation est assurée par un moteur pneumatique 12. L'étanchéité du guidage en rotation avec le tuyau d'amené air + abrasif est assuré par un joint rotatif à double étanchéité. Afin de pouvoir travailler sans poussière, l'appareil est doté d'un ensemble de 24 buses 14 de projection air-eau atomisé.
L'alimentation en air comprimé se fait par un compresseur et le mélange air + abrasif se fait dans ce cas par l'intermédiaire d'une sableuse, le mélange air-abrasif arrivant par le tube fixe 1. L'alimentation air-eau se faisant par l'intermédiaire d'un compresseur surpresseur à eau.
The feed cone 4 which conveys the abrasive in the wheel 10 nozzle holder 6 is made of PTFE (teflon), it is guided in rotation by a sealed needle bushing 24 and a sealed ball bearing 3, housed in a casing 11 itself sealed. The rotation is ensured by a pneumatic motor 12. The sealing of the guide in rotation with the air + abrasive supply pipe is ensured by a rotary seal with double sealing. In order to be able to work without dust, the device is fitted with a set of 24 atomized air-water projection nozzles 14.
The compressed air is supplied by a compressor and the air + abrasive mixture is in this case via a sandblaster, the air-abrasive mixture arriving via the fixed tube 1. The air-water supply is making through a water booster compressor.

L'opérateur se positionne devant la surface à décaper, présente l'appareil de projection devant cette zone, il met en marche le moteur rotatif, il déclenche le mélange air-eau, il déclenche le mélange air-abrasif, et il commence à déplacer de façon progressive, sensiblement parallèlement à la surface à décaper. Il n'y a pas de point d'impact les très nombreux jets se déplaçant à très haute vitesse sur la zone à décaper, balayent de façon douce et superficielle ( mais efficace ) par brouillard micro-abrasif cette zone à décaper. La présence de points délicats ou fragiles dans cette zone ne modifie en rien, ni ses réglages, ni sa vitesse de travail, ce qui permet de nettoyer très rapidement une zone sans aucun risque d'abrasion ou d'altération de la surface décapée. Le brouillard de particules d'eau projeté simultanément humidifie les poussières sans mouiller les jets, permettant un travail de décapage très fin, rapide et sans nuisances de poussières.The operator is positioned in front of the surface to be stripped, presents the projection device in front of this zone, it starts the rotary motor, it triggers the air-water mixture, it triggers the air-abrasive mixture, and it begins to move gradually, substantially parallel to the surface to be stripped. There is no point of impact the very many jets moving at very high speed over the area to be scoured, sweep gently and superficially (but effective) by micro-abrasive mist this area to be scoured. The presence of delicate or fragile points in this area does not change anything, neither its settings, nor its working speed, which makes it possible to very quickly clean an area without any risk of abrasion or alteration of the pickled surface. The mist of water particles sprayed simultaneously humidifies the dust without wetting the jets, allowing very fine, rapid stripping work without nuisance of dust.

Claims (18)

  1. A method of micro-cleaning and of micro-blasting a medium, in which method jets of compressed air charged with fine abrasive particles having grain sizes of less than 200 micrometers are sprayed towards the medium, the jets being emitted via nozzles (6) and being displaced at high speeds so that they sweep the support, said method being characterized in that a multitude of jets are used, the number of jets being at least ten, and in that, at each nozzle (6), respective jet has a cross-section lying in the range 400 micrometers to 4 millimeters, thereby imparting very low kinetic energy to the jet.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the grain size of the abrasive particles lies mainly in the range 80 micrometers to 120 micrometers.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, in which the multitude of jets is obtained by dividing up a single jet (2).
  4. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that a mist of atomized water particles or of fine jets of steam is sprayed simultaneously.
  5. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that compressed air is sprayed without any abrasive, and the spraying pressure of the compressed air is used to suck in fine abrasive particles just before they are sprayed onto the medium.
  6. Micro-cleaning and micro-blasting apparatus provided with a spraying device (21) including a rotary wheel (10) provided with nozzles (6) for spraying compressed air charged with fine abrasive particles, said apparatus being characterized in that said rotary wheel (10) is provided with a multitude of nozzles (6), the number of nozzles being at least ten, and each nozzle having an inlet cone (7) and a through section lying in the range 400 micrometers to 4 millimeters through which the particles can pass.
  7. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the wheel (10) is provided with in the range about ten to several tens of nozzles (6).
  8. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the wheel (10) is provided with in the range several tens of to several hundred nozzles (6).
  9. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized by the fact that said device (21) further includes means for pivoting it relative to a fixing support.
  10. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 9, characterized by the fact that the through section for the particles in the nozzles lies in the range 1 millimeter to 2.5 millimeters.
  11. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 10, characterized by the fact that said nozzles (6) are disposed at different multidirectional spraying angles.
  12. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized by the fact that the spraying device (21) is also provided with nozzles (14) for spraying a mixture of compressed air and of water.
  13. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 11, characterized by the fact that the spraying device (21) is also provided with nozzles (17) for spraying fine jets of steam.
  14. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 13, characterized by the fact that said nozzles (6, 14, 17) do not project from or hardly project from the spraying face (15) of the wheel (10).
  15. Apparatus according to any one of claims 6 to 14, characterized by the fact that, in the direction in which the abrasive particles are displaced, the device (21) includes a feed tube (2) for feeding in the air-abrasive mixture, the tube opening out into a funnel-shaped flared portion (4)
  16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that said flared portion (4) communicates with said nozzles (6), each of said nozzles forming an acute angle with the longitudinal axis of said feed tube (2).
  17. Apparatus according to claim 15 or 16, characterized by the fact that an independent pipe (19) via which the abrasive is sucked passes through the feed tube (2) and the flared portion (4).
  18. Apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized by the fact that the air/particle mixture is fed to said flared portion (4) via a fixed tube (1) and via a rotary pipe (2) that is secured to said wheel (10), sealing between the fixed portion and the moving portion being provided by a recessed joint (26) via which the fixed portion is received in the moving portion, with rotary gaskets (5) of the lip seal type being provided.
EP93902324A 1991-12-11 1992-12-11 Method for micro-cleaning a support and apparatus for implementing same Expired - Lifetime EP0616564B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9115567A FR2684900B1 (en) 1991-12-11 1991-12-11 MULTI-JET ROTARY NOZZLE FOR SPRAYING VERY FINE ABRASIVE PARTICLES.
FR9115568 1991-12-11
FR9115568A FR2685027B1 (en) 1991-12-11 1991-12-11 MECHANICAL PROCESS FOR CLEANING POLLUTION OF FACADE STONES.
FR9115567 1991-12-11
PCT/FR1992/001177 WO1993011908A1 (en) 1991-12-11 1992-12-11 Method for micro-cleaning a support and apparatus for implementing same

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0616564A1 EP0616564A1 (en) 1994-09-28
EP0616564B1 true EP0616564B1 (en) 1996-09-18

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EP93902324A Expired - Lifetime EP0616564B1 (en) 1991-12-11 1992-12-11 Method for micro-cleaning a support and apparatus for implementing same

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US (1) US5558562A (en)
EP (1) EP0616564B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3372543B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE142925T1 (en)
AU (1) AU668128B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9206919A (en)
CA (1) CA2125187C (en)
CZ (1) CZ285789B6 (en)
DE (1) DE69213959T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0616564T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2094523T3 (en)
FI (1) FI101521B1 (en)
GR (1) GR3021463T3 (en)
NO (1) NO301366B1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993011908A1 (en)

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AU3356793A (en) 1993-07-19
DE69213959D1 (en) 1996-10-24
BR9206919A (en) 1995-11-21
EP0616564A1 (en) 1994-09-28
ES2094523T3 (en) 1997-01-16
NO942164L (en) 1994-06-10
FI101521B (en) 1998-07-15
CZ285789B6 (en) 1999-11-17
ATE142925T1 (en) 1996-10-15
DK0616564T3 (en) 1997-03-17
AU668128B2 (en) 1996-04-26
CA2125187C (en) 2001-08-28
FI942741A0 (en) 1994-06-10
NO301366B1 (en) 1997-10-20
NO942164D0 (en) 1994-06-10
JP3372543B2 (en) 2003-02-04
GR3021463T3 (en) 1997-01-31
DE69213959T2 (en) 1997-04-30
FI101521B1 (en) 1998-07-15
US5558562A (en) 1996-09-24
CZ142394A3 (en) 1994-12-15
CA2125187A1 (en) 1993-06-24
WO1993011908A1 (en) 1993-06-24
JPH07501754A (en) 1995-02-23
FI942741A (en) 1994-07-05

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