EP0615069B1 - Fan rotor - Google Patents
Fan rotor Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0615069B1 EP0615069B1 EP94102474A EP94102474A EP0615069B1 EP 0615069 B1 EP0615069 B1 EP 0615069B1 EP 94102474 A EP94102474 A EP 94102474A EP 94102474 A EP94102474 A EP 94102474A EP 0615069 B1 EP0615069 B1 EP 0615069B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blades
- support disc
- fan rotor
- fan
- radially
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
- F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/281—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for fans or blowers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fan wheel for a circulating radial fan of a cooking chamber or the like, with blades which project substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel from a support disk facing a housing wall of the cooking chamber.
- Circulation blowers are often used in cooking areas of commercial kitchen appliances or the like, which serve to even out the atmosphere inside the cooking space when treating items to be cooked in the cooking space, such as solid dishes.
- the cooking chamber atmosphere often has particulate components, such as, in particular, fat particles, which are to be removed from the cooking chamber atmosphere as quickly as possible while the fan of the circulating fan is running.
- FR-A 482 430 discloses a fan wheel with which an essentially tangential flow is formed. This flow is achieved by the curved formation of blades, which guide the flow in the tangential direction.
- the disadvantage of this is that such a fan wheel can only be operated in one direction of rotation.
- the fan wheel contains an arrangement of flow channels also in areas which are in the vicinity of the cooking space to be vented. A return of air that is actually to be removed with grease particles to the cooking space can therefore occur under unfavorable circumstances. There is therefore a risk of fat particles burning on heating elements inside the cooking space.
- the invention has for its object to ensure a reliable separation of fat particles or condensate from the cooking chamber atmosphere in a structurally simple manner and without providing additional separating devices.
- this object is achieved in that at least between some of the blades near the support disk, but at a distance from this guide plates are arranged, the radially outer outer edge of which is substantially aligned with the outer circumference of the fan wheel, the radially inner inner edge of which is spaced from the axis of rotation of the fan wheel lies and which each form a nozzle device for generating a radially outward gas flow near the support disk with the support disk and the respectively adjacent two blades.
- the guide plates are provided between all pairs of blades.
- the radial side edges of the guide plates are attached to the respectively adjacent two blades.
- the guide plates are formed inclined from their inner edge to their outer edge in the direction of the support disk.
- the invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible to drain condensate from the cooking space of commercial kitchen appliances or the like, using a circulating radial fan dispose reliably by creating nozzle devices near the support disk of the fan wheel by the guide plates provided according to the invention, which generate such a radially outward flow that fat particles or the like, which are in the cooking chamber atmosphere, when deflecting from the axial direction of flight, with respect the axis of rotation of the fan wheel, impinge in the direction of the nozzle devices on the support disks or are guided radially outward through the nozzle devices onto baffle plates or the like.
- the condensate particles, particles and the like can easily be supplied to separating devices, such as a condensate drain opening.
- the radial mounting of the blades makes it possible in particular to reverse the direction of rotation of the fan wheel during the cooking process, preferably at intervals, and thus to avoid quasi-static flow patterns. Uneven heat distribution within the cooking space can be avoided.
- the fan wheel according to the invention has, in the exemplary embodiment shown there, a number of radial blades 10 which project substantially parallel to an axis of rotation 12 of the fan wheel from a support disk 14 which, after the fan wheel has been installed, into the circulation -Radial blower of a cooking space of a commercial kitchen appliance of a housing wall facing the cooking space, which is penetrated by a drive shaft of the fan wheel.
- the blades 10 are welded to the support disk 14.
- the blades 10 of the fan wheel are welded to a support ring 16.
- Baffles 18 are arranged between the individual blades 12 and are welded to the respectively adjacent blades 10.
- the radially inner inner edge of the guide plates 18 is arranged at a distance from the axis of rotation 12 of the fan wheel, while the radially outer outer edge of the guide plates 18 is essentially aligned with the outer circumference of the fan wheel.
- the guide plates 18 are formed inclined from their inner edge to their outer edge in the direction of the support disk 14, as can be seen in particular from FIG. 2, so that a nozzle-like cross section is produced which points radially outward from the axis of rotation 12 to the circumference of the fan wheel.
- the guide plates 18 provided according to the invention have the effect that a radially outward flow is generated near the support disk 14 of the fan wheel, which leads to the fact that grease or moisture particles or the like, which separate from the cooking space volume on the support disk 14, radially through the between the support disk 14 and the respective guide plate 18 nozzle are conveyed to the outside, where they can be easily removed to a drain opening or the like via corresponding deflector plates or the like.
- the support disc 14, the support ring 16, the blades 10 and the baffles 18 are made of sheet metal in the embodiment shown. Instead, it could also be readily provided that one or more of these elements are made of plastic or the like.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- Power Steering Mechanism (AREA)
- Jellies, Jams, And Syrups (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Lüfterrad für ein Umwälz-Radialgebläse eines Garraumes oder dergleichen, mit Schaufeln, die im wesentlichen parallel zur Drehachse des Lüfterrades von einer einer Gehäusewand des Garraumes zugewandten Stützscheibe vorspringen.The invention relates to a fan wheel for a circulating radial fan of a cooking chamber or the like, with blades which project substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the fan wheel from a support disk facing a housing wall of the cooking chamber.
In Garräumen von Großküchengeräten oder dergleichen finden häufig Umwälzgebläse Verwendung, die dazu dienen, die Atmosphäre innerhalb des Garraumes bei der Behandlung von in dem Garraum zu garendem Gut, wie festen Speisen, zu vergleichmäßigen. Die Garraumatmosphäre weist dabei häufig partikelförmige Bestandteile, wie insbesondere Fetteilchen, auf, die bei laufendem Lüfterrad des Umwälzgebläses möglichst rasch aus der Garraumatmosphäre ausgeschieden werden sollen.Circulation blowers are often used in cooking areas of commercial kitchen appliances or the like, which serve to even out the atmosphere inside the cooking space when treating items to be cooked in the cooking space, such as solid dishes. The cooking chamber atmosphere often has particulate components, such as, in particular, fat particles, which are to be removed from the cooking chamber atmosphere as quickly as possible while the fan of the circulating fan is running.
In der FR-A 482 430 wird ein Lüfterrad offenbart, mit welchem sich eine im wesentlichen tangentiale Strömung ausbildet. Erreicht wird diese Strömung durch die gekrümmte Ausbildung von Schaufeln, welche die Strömung in tangentialer Richtung leiten. Nachteilig ist hieran, daß ein solches Lüfterrad nur in einer Drehrichtung betrieben werden kann. Weiterhin enthält das Lüfterrad eine Anordnung von Strömungskanälen auch in Bereichen, welche in der Nähe des zu entlüftenden Garraumes liegen. Eine Rückführung von eigentlich zu entfernender Luft mit Fettpartikeln in den Garraum, kann somit unter ungünstigen Umständen auftreten. Daher besteht die Gefahr besteht, daß Fettpartikel auf Heizelementen innerhalb des Garraums verbrennen.FR-A 482 430 discloses a fan wheel with which an essentially tangential flow is formed. This flow is achieved by the curved formation of blades, which guide the flow in the tangential direction. The disadvantage of this is that such a fan wheel can only be operated in one direction of rotation. Furthermore, the fan wheel contains an arrangement of flow channels also in areas which are in the vicinity of the cooking space to be vented. A return of air that is actually to be removed with grease particles to the cooking space can therefore occur under unfavorable circumstances. There is therefore a risk of fat particles burning on heating elements inside the cooking space.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, in konstruktiv einfacher Weise und ohne Vorsehen zusätzlicher abscheideeinrichtungen eine zuverlässige Abscheidung von Fetteilchen bzw. Kondensat aus der Garraumatmosphäre zu gewährleisten.The invention has for its object to ensure a reliable separation of fat particles or condensate from the cooking chamber atmosphere in a structurally simple manner and without providing additional separating devices.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, daß mindestens zwischen einigen der Schaufeln nahe der Stützscheibe, jedoch mit Abstand von dieser Leitbleche angeordnet sind, deren radial äußere Außenkante im wesentlichen mit dem Außenumfang des Lüfterrades fluchtet, deren radial innere Innenkante mit Abstand von der Drehachse des Lüfterrades liegt und die mit der Stützscheibe und den jeweils benachbarten beiden Schaufeln jeweils eine Düseneinrichtung zum Erzeugen einer radial nach außen gerichteten Gasströmung nahe der Stützscheibe bilden.According to the invention this object is achieved in that at least between some of the blades near the support disk, but at a distance from this guide plates are arranged, the radially outer outer edge of which is substantially aligned with the outer circumference of the fan wheel, the radially inner inner edge of which is spaced from the axis of rotation of the fan wheel lies and which each form a nozzle device for generating a radially outward gas flow near the support disk with the support disk and the respectively adjacent two blades.
Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Leitbleche zwischen allen Schaufelpaaren vorgesehen sind.It can be provided that the guide plates are provided between all pairs of blades.
Auch kann erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen sein, daß die radialen Seitenkanten der Leitbleche an den jeweils benachbaren beiden Schaufeln befestigt sind.It can also be provided according to the invention that the radial side edges of the guide plates are attached to the respectively adjacent two blades.
Nach der Erfindung wird auch vorgeschlagen, daß die Leitbleche von ihrer Innenkante zu ihrer Außenkante in Richtung auf die Stützscheibe geneigt ausgebildet sind.According to the invention it is also proposed that the guide plates are formed inclined from their inner edge to their outer edge in the direction of the support disk.
Der Erfindung liegt die überraschende Erkenntnis zugrunde, daß es gelingt, Kondensat aus dem Garraum von Großküchengeräten oder dergleichen, die über ein Umwälz-Radialgebläse verfügen, zuverlässig abzuscheiden, indem durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Leitbleche nahe der Stützscheibe des Lüfterrades Düseneinrichtungen geschaffen werden, die eine derartige radial nach außen gerichtete Strömung erzeugen, daß Fetteilchen oder dergleichen, die sich in der Garraumatmosphäre befinden, beim Umlenken aus der axialen Flugrichtung, bezüglich der Drehachse des Lüfterrades, in Richtung auf die Düseneinrichtungen auf die Stützscheiben prallen bzw. durch die Düseneinrichtungen radial nach außen auf Ableitbleche oder dergleichen geführt werden. Hierdurch können die Kondensatteilchen, Partikel und dergleichen leicht Abscheideeinrichtungen, wie einer Kondensatablauföffnung, zugeführt werden.The invention is based on the surprising finding that it is possible to drain condensate from the cooking space of commercial kitchen appliances or the like, using a circulating radial fan dispose reliably by creating nozzle devices near the support disk of the fan wheel by the guide plates provided according to the invention, which generate such a radially outward flow that fat particles or the like, which are in the cooking chamber atmosphere, when deflecting from the axial direction of flight, with respect the axis of rotation of the fan wheel, impinge in the direction of the nozzle devices on the support disks or are guided radially outward through the nozzle devices onto baffle plates or the like. As a result, the condensate particles, particles and the like can easily be supplied to separating devices, such as a condensate drain opening.
Durch die radiale Montage der Schaufeln ist es insbesondere möglich, die Drehrichtung des Lüfterrades während des Garvorganges umzukehren, bevorzugt intervallweise, und so quasistatische Strömungsbilder zu vermeiden. Ungleichmäßige Wärmeverteilungen innerhalb des Garraumes können so vermieden werden.The radial mounting of the blades makes it possible in particular to reverse the direction of rotation of the fan wheel during the cooking process, preferably at intervals, and thus to avoid quasi-static flow patterns. Uneven heat distribution within the cooking space can be avoided.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung, in der ein Ausführungsbeispiel anhand der schematischen Zeichnung im einzelnen erläutert ist. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Lüfterrades nach der Erfindung in in der Stirnansicht, teilweise geschnitten; und
- Fig. 2
- einen axialen Längsschnitt durch das Lüfterrad von Figur 1 entlang der Linie II - II von Figur 1.
- Fig. 1
- an embodiment of a fan wheel according to the invention in the front view, partially cut; and
- Fig. 2
- an axial longitudinal section through the fan wheel of Figure 1 along the line II - II of Figure 1.
Wie die Zeichnung erkennen läßt, weist das erfindungsgemäße Lüfterrad nach der Erfindung bei dem dort gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel eine Anzahl radialer Schaufeln 10 auf, die im wesentlichen parallel zu einer Drehachse 12 des Lüfterrades von einer Stützscheibe 14 vorspringen, die nach dem Einbau des Lüfterrades in das Umwälz-Radialgebläse eines Garraumes eines Großküchengerätes einer Gehäusewand des Garraumes zugewandt ist, welche von einer Antriebswelle des Lüfterrades durchsetzt ist. Die Schaufeln 10 sind an der Stützscheibe 14 angeschweißt. An ihrer der Stützscheibe 14 abgewandten Seite sind die Schaufeln 10 des Lüfterrades an einen Stützring 16 angeschweißt.As can be seen in the drawing, the fan wheel according to the invention has, in the exemplary embodiment shown there, a number of
Zwischen den einzelnen Schaufeln 12 sind Leitbleche 18 angeordnet, die mit den jeweils benachbarten Schaufeln 10 verschweißt sind. Die radial innenliegende Innenkante der Leitbleche 18 ist mit Abstand von der Drehachse 12 des Lüfterrades angeordnet, während die radial äußere Außenkante der Leitbleche 18 im wesentlichen mit dem Außenumfang des Lüfterrades fluchtet. Die Leitbleche 18 sind von ihrer Innenkante zu ihrer Außenkante in Richtung auf die Stützscheibe 14 geneigt ausgebildet, wie insbesondere aus Figur 2 erkennbar ist, so daß ein düsenartiger, von der Drehachse 12 aus radial zum Umfang des Lüfterrades nach außen weisender Querschnitt erzeugt wird.
Die erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Leitbleche 18 bewirken, daß nahe der Stützscheibe 14 des Lüfterrades eine radial nach außen gerichtete Strömung erzeugt wird, die dazu führt, daß Fett- oder Feuchtigkeitspartikel oder dergleichen, die sich aus dem Garraumvolumen an der Stützscheihe 14 abscheiden, radial durch die zwischen der Stützscheibe 14 und dem jeweiligen Leitblech 18 gebildete Düse nach außen befördert werden, wo sie über entsprechende Ableitbleche oder dergleichen auf einfache Weise zu einer Ablauföffnung oder dergleichen abgeführt werden können.The
Es sei bemerkt, daß die Stützscheibe 14, der Stützring 16, die Schaufeln 10 und die Leitbleche 18 bei dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus Metallblech bestehen. Stattdessen könnte aber auch ohne weiteres vorgesehen sein, daß eine oder mehrere dieser Elemente aus Kunststoff oder dergleichen hergestellt sind.It should be noted that the
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in der Zeichnung sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebigen Kombinationen für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungsformen wesentlich sein.The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, in the drawing and in the claims can be essential both individually and in any combination for realizing the invention in its various embodiments.
Claims (4)
- A fan rotor for a circulating fan in a cooking compartment or the like, comprising blades (10) which project substantially parallel to the rotational axis (12) of the fan rotor from a support disc (14) facing a wall of the cooking compartment housing, comprising guide plates (18) disposed at least between some of the blades (10) at a distance from the support disc (14), the radially outer outside edge of the guide blades being substantially in alignment with the outer periphery of the fan rotor, their radially inner inside edge being spaced from the rotational axis (12) of the fan rotor, characterised in that the guide blades (18) together with the support disc (14) and the respective neighbouring radially disposed blades (10) which extend straight, respectively form a nozzle device to produce a radially outwardly directed gas flow near the support disc (14).
- A fan rotor according to claim 1, characterised in that the guide plates (18) are provided between all the blade pairs (10).
- A fan rotor according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the radial side edges of the guide plates (18) are fixed on the respective neighbouring two blades (10).
- A fan rotor according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the guide plates (18) are constructed so as to be inclined in the direction of the support disc (14) from their inside edge to their outside edge.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4307405A DE4307405C1 (en) | 1993-03-09 | 1993-03-09 | Fan wheel |
DE4307405 | 1993-03-09 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0615069A1 EP0615069A1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
EP0615069B1 true EP0615069B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
Family
ID=6482335
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94102474A Expired - Lifetime EP0615069B1 (en) | 1993-03-09 | 1994-02-18 | Fan rotor |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0615069B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH06299992A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE153107T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4307405C1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2103507T3 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3023731T3 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7165942B2 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2007-01-23 | Rational Ag | Fan impeller with integrated grease separation, especially for cooking appliance |
EP2372163A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-05 | Convotherm Elektrogeräte GmbH | Fan |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0926449B2 (en) † | 1997-12-23 | 2003-05-21 | eloma GmbH Grossküchentechnik | Method for dehumidifying a cooking room of a steam cooking apparatus and apparatus therefor |
DE10315341C5 (en) * | 2003-04-03 | 2009-07-30 | Mkn Maschinenfabrik Kurt Neubauer Gmbh & Co. | Cooking device with a blower with radial impeller and separator |
EP1961968A1 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2008-08-27 | Josip Pavetic | Radial fan wheel and radial fan incorporating the same with locking protection |
EP1961969A3 (en) | 2007-02-26 | 2009-10-21 | Josip Pavetic | Radial fan wheel |
JP2009097448A (en) * | 2007-10-17 | 2009-05-07 | Rokugo Mfg Co Ltd | Radial fan |
EP2143958A1 (en) * | 2008-07-07 | 2010-01-13 | Josip Pavetic | Ventilator integrated into a tube |
CN106051871A (en) * | 2016-07-25 | 2016-10-26 | 佛山市科思博科技有限公司 | Domestic lampblack purifier |
CN106123084A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2016-11-16 | 武汉佳福节能环保高科股份有限公司 | A kind of Domestic environment-protection purification range hood |
JP2019052801A (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2019-04-04 | 東芝ホームテクノ株式会社 | Heating cooker |
CN217926361U (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-11-29 | 宁波富佳实业股份有限公司 | Fan |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR465224A (en) * | 1912-11-30 | 1914-04-10 | Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie | Device for reinforcing the fins of fans |
FR482430A (en) * | 1915-07-30 | 1917-03-20 | Green Fuel Economizer Company | Semi-silent centrifugal fan |
US1877347A (en) * | 1927-08-19 | 1932-09-13 | Clarage Fan Company | Fan wheel |
GB305800A (en) * | 1928-01-25 | 1929-02-14 | Horace Stanley Pochin | Improvements in or relating to centrifugal fans |
GB623149A (en) * | 1947-04-21 | 1949-05-12 | Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab | Improvements in and relating to fan-wheels |
GB936195A (en) * | 1960-08-19 | 1963-09-04 | Dowty Rotol Ltd | Impellers and turbine wheels |
GB968529A (en) * | 1961-10-12 | 1964-09-02 | Karl Prestl | Improvements in or relating to blowers |
DE1232697B (en) * | 1962-04-05 | 1967-01-19 | Babcock & Wilcox Dampfkessel | Fan impeller for the conveyance of dusty gases |
DE1503650B2 (en) * | 1965-12-23 | 1970-05-21 | VEB Turbowerke Meißen, Meißen | Protective device for a radial fan impeller for conveying dusty gases |
SE385092B (en) * | 1975-11-05 | 1976-06-08 | Futurumverken Ab | COKE FAN |
DE3116171C2 (en) * | 1981-04-23 | 1987-07-09 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Baking and roasting oven |
DE3325695A1 (en) * | 1983-07-14 | 1985-01-24 | Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt | Radial fan |
DE8908443U1 (en) * | 1989-07-11 | 1990-11-08 | Société d'Investissement Industriel et Immobilier S.I.I.I., Ingwiller | Radial fans, especially for kitchen extractor hoods |
-
1993
- 1993-03-09 DE DE4307405A patent/DE4307405C1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1994
- 1994-02-18 DE DE59402701T patent/DE59402701D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-18 AT AT94102474T patent/ATE153107T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-02-18 ES ES94102474T patent/ES2103507T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-18 EP EP94102474A patent/EP0615069B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-03-09 JP JP6038221A patent/JPH06299992A/en active Pending
-
1997
- 1997-06-11 GR GR970401375T patent/GR3023731T3/en unknown
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US7165942B2 (en) | 2002-08-22 | 2007-01-23 | Rational Ag | Fan impeller with integrated grease separation, especially for cooking appliance |
EP2372163A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-05 | Convotherm Elektrogeräte GmbH | Fan |
WO2011120659A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 | 2011-10-06 | Convotherm-Elektrogeräte Gmbh | Fan wheel with deflecting means for impurities |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0615069A1 (en) | 1994-09-14 |
DE4307405C1 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
ES2103507T3 (en) | 1997-09-16 |
JPH06299992A (en) | 1994-10-25 |
DE59402701D1 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
ATE153107T1 (en) | 1997-05-15 |
GR3023731T3 (en) | 1997-09-30 |
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