EP0610866A1 - Centrifugal pump with two outlet channels and a change-over valve - Google Patents
Centrifugal pump with two outlet channels and a change-over valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0610866A1 EP0610866A1 EP94101841A EP94101841A EP0610866A1 EP 0610866 A1 EP0610866 A1 EP 0610866A1 EP 94101841 A EP94101841 A EP 94101841A EP 94101841 A EP94101841 A EP 94101841A EP 0610866 A1 EP0610866 A1 EP 0610866A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- centrifugal pump
- outlet
- pump according
- valve
- end position
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D15/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems
- F04D15/0005—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by using valves
- F04D15/0016—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or systems by using valves mixing-reversing- or deviation valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D1/00—Radial-flow pumps, e.g. centrifugal pumps; Helico-centrifugal pumps
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
- F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
- F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
- F04D29/48—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable for unidirectional fluid flow in reversible pumps
- F04D29/486—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable for unidirectional fluid flow in reversible pumps especially adapted for liquid pumps
Definitions
- the invention relates to a centrifugal pump with an outlet from the pump chamber, which branches into two outlet channels, a reversing valve being arranged in the branching point, which alternately opens one outlet channel and closes the other outlet channel.
- flap valves in double pumps which are opened or closed by the flow. It is also known that Flow direction by changing the direction of rotation of the pump. Here, high efficiency losses are accepted, since the impeller must have almost straight blades and a spiral in the pump chamber cannot be provided for both directions of rotation.
- the object of the invention is to provide a pump with high efficiency, the reversing valve provided at both outputs can be changed over automatically by the pump.
- the reversing valve is adjusted by the pump itself, i.e. it is sufficient to briefly change the pump pressure and / or the direction of flow of the pump in order to thereby actuate the reversing valve and then to let the pump continue to work in the same direction of delivery.
- the short pressure drop and / or the short change in flow direction is sufficient to move the reversing valve from one position to the other, so that the delivery through the outlet channels changes in each case.
- a centrifugal pump has a housing 1, in the pump chamber 2 of which an impeller 3 driven by an electric motor rotates.
- the impeller 3 has an inlet 4 through which the medium to be pumped, in particular heating water, is sucked in by a suction nozzle (not shown).
- the liquid is conveyed from the pump chamber 2 to an outlet 5 which branches into two outlet channels 6, 7.
- a valve 9, in particular in the form of a flap valve, is arranged at the branching point 8.
- valve actuator 10 pivoted flap
- the valve actuator thus occupies two end positions, in the drawing the right outlet channel being closed in the right end position and the left one being open and in the left end position the left outlet channel being closed and the right one being open.
- the reversing valve can be moved from one end position to the other end position and back again the next time. All that is required is a brief drop in pressure or a brief change in flow direction.
- additional hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and / or mechanical Funds provided. These can have at least one spring, in particular a spring, which ensures that the valve actuator can essentially only assume two positions or at least no middle position.
- a spring, in particular a spring mechanism, which is connected to the valve actuator, in particular to the shaft of the valve actuator, is also particularly advantageous.
- the means have a hydraulic cylinder which acts on the valve actuator and can be actuated by pressures in the pump and / or at the outlet / in the outlet channels.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show two exemplary embodiments for the flap 10 of the reversing valve.
- the flap 10 basically pivots after the first switch-on or after a stop of the pump without prior reversal of the direction of rotation due to the flow forces acting in the direction of the arrow 11 in position I (defined basic position). Flap position II is reached when the direction of rotation is changed.
- the flow forces of the medium, which act in the direction of arrow 12, can be used for both the flap and the locking bolt 13.
- the flow and pressure forces can be directly or indirectly via e.g. hydraulic amplifiers act on the components listed above. Additional elements such as e.g. Springs, magnets etc. or other forces such as gravity can be used.
- FIG. 6 A solution of how the locking bolt 13 can be prevented from releasing the locking of the flap 10 already in the flap position II is shown in FIG. 6.
- the locking bolt head 15 is pulled through the opening 16 behind the catch 17 .
- the wall 18 prevents the locking bolt from being able to pivot into the position 13a before reaching the flap position III.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kreiselpumpe mit einem von der Pumpenkammer ausgehenden Auslaß, der in zwei Auslaßkanäle verzweigt, wobei in der Abzweigstelle ein Umsteuerventil angeordnet ist, das abwechselnd einen Auslaßkanal öffnet und den anderen Auslaßkanal schließt.The invention relates to a centrifugal pump with an outlet from the pump chamber, which branches into two outlet channels, a reversing valve being arranged in the branching point, which alternately opens one outlet channel and closes the other outlet channel.
Es ist in der Heizungstechnik bekannt, durch Umsteuerventile die Strömungsrichtung zu verändern. Dies geschieht durch Umsteuerventile, die durch einen Motor, Magnet, hydraulisch oder von Hand umgestellt werden. Diese Ventile erfordern einen zusätzlichen Impuls, damit es zu einem Umschalten kommt.It is known in heating technology to change the direction of flow by reversing valves. This is done by reversing valves, which are changed over by a motor, magnet, hydraulic or by hand. These valves require an additional pulse to switch.
Ferner ist es bekannt, bei Doppelpumpen Klappenventile anzuordnen, die durch die Strömung geöffnet bzw. geschlossen werden. Ferner ist es bekannt, die Strömungsrichtung durch Drehrichtungsänderung der Pumpe vorzunehmen. Hierbei werden hohe Wirkungsgradverluste in Kauf genommen, da das Laufrad nahezu gerade Schaufeln aufweisen muß und eine Spirale in der Pumpenkammer nicht für beide Drehrichtungen vorgesehen werden kann.Furthermore, it is known to arrange flap valves in double pumps which are opened or closed by the flow. It is also known that Flow direction by changing the direction of rotation of the pump. Here, high efficiency losses are accepted, since the impeller must have almost straight blades and a spiral in the pump chamber cannot be provided for both directions of rotation.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Pumpe mit hohem Wirkungsgrad zu schaffen, deren an beiden Ausgängen vorgesehenes Umsteuerventil selbsttätig durch die Pumpe umstellbar ist.The object of the invention is to provide a pump with high efficiency, the reversing valve provided at both outputs can be changed over automatically by the pump.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß bei einem Druckabfall im Auslaß auf einen Wert von etwa Null oder auf einen negativen Wert (Sog) das Umsteuerventil selbsttätig umschaltet.This object is achieved in that when the pressure drops in the outlet to a value of approximately zero or to a negative value (suction), the reversing valve switches over automatically.
Bei einer solchen Pumpe wird das Umsteuerventil durch die Pumpe selber verstellt, d.h. es reicht aus, den Pumpendruck und/oder die Strömungsrichtung der Pumpe kurzzeitig zu verändern, um hierdurch das Umsteuerventil zu betätigen und danach die Pumpe in derselben Förderrichtung weiterarbeiten zu lassen. Der kurze Druckabfall und/oder die kurze Strömungsrichtungsänderung reicht aus, um das Umsteuerventil von der einen Stellung in die andere zu bringen, so daß die Förderung durch die Auslaßkanäle jeweils wechselt.In such a pump, the reversing valve is adjusted by the pump itself, i.e. it is sufficient to briefly change the pump pressure and / or the direction of flow of the pump in order to thereby actuate the reversing valve and then to let the pump continue to work in the same direction of delivery. The short pressure drop and / or the short change in flow direction is sufficient to move the reversing valve from one position to the other, so that the delivery through the outlet channels changes in each case.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are listed in the subclaims.
Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung in quer zur Laufradachse angeordneten Schnitten dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:
- Figur 1:
- Den Pumpenbetrieb durch den linken Kanal bei geschlossenem rechten Kanal.
- Figur 2:
- Ein Umschalten der Klappe durch kurzzeitige Drehrichtungsänderung oder Druckabfall.
- Figur 3:
- Den Pumpenbetrieb durch den rechten Kanal bei geschlossenem linken Kanal.
- Figur 4:
- Ein Umschalten der Klappe durch kurzzeitige Drehrichtungsänderung bzw. Druckabfall.
- Figur 5:
- Ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel für die Klappe und
- Figur 6:
- ein drittes Ausführungsbeispiel für die Klappe.
- Figure 1:
- Pump operation through the left channel with the right channel closed.
- Figure 2:
- Switching the flap due to a brief change in the direction of rotation or a drop in pressure.
- Figure 3:
- Pump operation through the right channel with the left channel closed.
- Figure 4:
- Switching the flap due to a brief change in the direction of rotation or a drop in pressure.
- Figure 5:
- A second embodiment for the flap and
- Figure 6:
- a third embodiment for the flap.
Eine Kreiselpumpe weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf, in dessen Pumpenkammmer 2 ein durch einen Elektromotor angetriebenes Laufrad 3 sich dreht. Das Laufrad 3 weist einen Einlaß 4 auf, durch den das zu pumpende Medium, insbesondere Heizungswasser von einem nicht dargestellten Saugstutzen angesaugt wird. Von der Pumpenkammer 2 wird die Flüssigkeit zu einem Auslaß 5 gefördert, der in zwei Auslaßkanäle 6, 7 verzweigt. An der Verzweigungsstelle 8 ist ein Ventil 9, insbesondere in Form eines Klappenventils angeordnet.A centrifugal pump has a housing 1, in the
Das Ventilstellglied 10 (verschwenkbare Klappe) ist um eine Achse 11, insbesondere frei verschwenkbar. Das Ventilstellglied nimmt somit zwei Endstellungen ein, wobei in der Zeichnung in der rechten Endstellung der rechte Auslaßkanal verschlossen und der linke geöffnet und in der linken Endstellung der linke Auslaßkanal verschlossen und der rechte geöffnet ist.The valve actuator 10 (pivotable flap) can be pivoted about an
Zum Verstellen des Ventilstellglieds in den beiden Endstellungen ist kein zusätzlicher Impuls von außen erforderlich, sondern allein durch eine kurzzeitige Änderung der Drehzahl des Pumpenlaufrades gelingt es, das Umsteuerventil von der einen Endstellung in die andere Endstellung und beim nächsten Mal zurück zu bewegen. Hierzu ist allein ein kurzzeitiger Druckabfall oder eine kurzzeitige Fließrichtungsänderung nötig. Um sicherzustellen, daß der Druckabfall, bzw. die Fließrichtungsänderung dazu führt, daß das Ventilstellglied nicht nur von der einen Endlage in eine Mittelstellung gelangt, sondern zumindest ein Stück darüberhinaus in Richtung der zweiten Endlage, sind zusätzliche hydraulische, pneumatische, elektrische und/oder mechanische Mittel vorgesehen. Diese können zumindest eine Feder, insbesondere eine Sprungfeder aufweisen, die dafür sorgt, daß das Ventilstellglied im wesentlichen nur zwei Stellungen einnehmen kann oder zumindest keine Mittelstellung. Besonders vorteilhaft ist auch eine Sprungfeder insbesondere ein Sprungwerk, das am Ventilstellglied, insbesondere an der Welle des Ventilstellglieds angeschlossen ist.To adjust the valve actuator in the two end positions, no additional impulse from the outside is required, but simply by briefly changing the speed of the pump impeller, the reversing valve can be moved from one end position to the other end position and back again the next time. All that is required is a brief drop in pressure or a brief change in flow direction. To ensure that the pressure drop or the change in flow direction leads to the valve actuator not only moving from one end position to a central position, but at least a little further towards the second end position, additional hydraulic, pneumatic, electrical and / or mechanical Funds provided. These can have at least one spring, in particular a spring, which ensures that the valve actuator can essentially only assume two positions or at least no middle position. A spring, in particular a spring mechanism, which is connected to the valve actuator, in particular to the shaft of the valve actuator, is also particularly advantageous.
Eine weitere Alternative besteht darin, daß die Mittel einen hydraulischen Zylinder aufweisen, der das Ventilstellglied beaufschlagt und durch Drücke in der Pumpe und/oder am Auslaß/in den Auslaßkanälen betätigbar ist.Another alternative is that the means have a hydraulic cylinder which acts on the valve actuator and can be actuated by pressures in the pump and / or at the outlet / in the outlet channels.
Zwei Ausführungsbeispiele für die Klappe 10 des Umsteuerventils zeigen die Figuren 5 und 6.FIGS. 5 and 6 show two exemplary embodiments for the
Die Klappe 10 schwenkt grundsätzlich nach dem erstmaligen Einschalten oder nach einem Stop der Pumpe, ohne vorheriger Drehrichtungsumkehr aufgrund der in die Richtung des Pfeiles 11 wirkenden Strömungskräfte in die Stellung I (definierte Grunstellung). Die Klappenstellung II wird erreicht, wenn ein Drehrichtungswechsel durchgeführt wird. Hierbei können sowohl für die Klappe, als auch für den Sperriegel 13 die Strömungskräfte des Mediums genutzt werden, welche in Richtung des Pfeiles 12 wirken.The
Damit die Klappe 10 beim Wechsel in die Normaldrehrichtung der Pumpe nicht in die Stellung I schwenkt, erfolgt eine Verriegelung über den Sperriegel 13. Anschließend wird die Pumpe gestoppt und in die Normaldrehrichtung geschaltet. Erst wenn die Druckkräfte 14 größer werden als die Strömungskräfte mit der Wirkrichtung des Pfeiles 11 und die Klappe in die Stellung III schwenkt, wird der Sperriegel 13 freigegeben und kann in die Stellung 15 schwenken. Nach einem nochmaligen Ausschalten der Pumpe und einem Wiedereinschalten überwiegen am Anfang die Strömungskräfte und die Klappe wird in die definierte Grundstellung schwenken.So that the
Die Strömungs- und Druckkräfte können hierbei direkt oder auch indirekt über z.B. hydraulische Verstärker auf die oben angeführten Komponenten einwirken. Auch können zur Unterstützung zusätzliche Elemente wie z.B. Federn, Magnete etc. oder andere Kräfte wie z.B. die Gravitation eingesetzt werden.The flow and pressure forces can be directly or indirectly via e.g. hydraulic amplifiers act on the components listed above. Additional elements such as e.g. Springs, magnets etc. or other forces such as gravity can be used.
Eine Lösung, wie der Sperriegel 13 daran gehindert werden kann, die Verriegelung der Klappe 10 bereits in der Klappenstellung II freizugeben, zeigt Figur 6. Beim Einschwenken der Klappe 10 in die Stellung II wird der Sperriegelkopf 15 durch die Öffnung 16 hinter den Schnapper 17 gezogen. Die Wand 18 verhindert, daß der Sperriegel vor dem Erreichen der Klappenposition III in die Position 13a schwenken kann.A solution of how the
Claims (9)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4303839A DE4303839A1 (en) | 1993-02-10 | 1993-02-10 | Centrifugal pump with two outlet channels and a reversing valve |
DE4303839 | 1993-02-10 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0610866A1 true EP0610866A1 (en) | 1994-08-17 |
EP0610866B1 EP0610866B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
Family
ID=6480052
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP94101841A Expired - Lifetime EP0610866B1 (en) | 1993-02-10 | 1994-02-07 | Centrifugal pump with two outlet channels and a change-over valve |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0610866B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR100225915B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE4303839A1 (en) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103277340A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-09-04 | 江苏大学 | Double-direction volute for turbine pump and utilization method thereof |
GB2575066A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-01 | Dyson Technology Ltd | A nozzel for a fan assembly |
US11454247B2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2022-09-27 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
US11767853B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2023-09-26 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
US12049902B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2024-07-30 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100546415B1 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2006-01-26 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Cascade wake-up circuit to prevent power noise in memory device |
DE102014222050B3 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-03-31 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Laundry care device with a drain pump |
DE102016202006A1 (en) * | 2016-02-10 | 2017-08-10 | BSH Hausgeräte GmbH | Laundry care device with a drain pump |
GB2575064B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-06-09 | Dyson Technology Ltd | A nozzle for a fan assembly |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1142593A (en) * | 1956-02-08 | 1957-09-19 | Guinard Pompes | Improvement in centrifugal pumps with two directions of rotation |
GB817802A (en) * | 1954-11-12 | 1959-08-06 | Gen Electric | Improvements relating to centrifugal pumps, particularly suitable for clothes washing machines |
CH499018A (en) * | 1968-09-03 | 1970-11-15 | Troesch Hans A Dr Ing | Circulation pump for heating systems |
DE9013992U1 (en) * | 1990-10-08 | 1991-10-24 | Grundfos International A/S, Bjerringbro | Motor pump unit for circulation systems with two parallel circuits |
EP0460399A2 (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-12-11 | Grundfos International A/S | Centrifugal pump and gasboiler including the same |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE346415C (en) * | ||||
DE734284C (en) * | 1941-12-12 | 1943-04-12 | Bernh Draeger | Transfer pump with two or more pressure levels |
DE6607072U (en) * | 1968-01-26 | 1971-01-07 | Siemens Elektrogeraete Gmbh | CENTRIFUGAL PUMP |
DE3209542C1 (en) * | 1982-03-16 | 1992-05-07 | Bosch-Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH, 7000 Stuttgart | Dishwashing machine |
IT1159458B (en) * | 1983-06-08 | 1987-02-25 | Mes Sa | DOUBLE DELIVERY PUMP SELECTABLE FOR VEHICLE SYSTEMS ON BOARD |
IT206424Z2 (en) * | 1985-08-01 | 1987-08-10 | Mes Sa | DOUBLE DELIVERY PUMP FOR ON-BOARD SYSTEMS OF MOTOR VEHICLES INCORPORATING NON-RETURN VALVE VEHICLES PREVENTING THE EMPTYING OF THE SYSTEM PIPES |
GB8603367D0 (en) * | 1986-02-11 | 1986-03-19 | Lucas Elect Electron Syst | Fluid pump |
JPS62261693A (en) * | 1986-04-30 | 1987-11-13 | Maruko Keihouki Kk | Selective type delivery pump |
GB8629455D0 (en) * | 1986-12-09 | 1987-01-21 | Trico Folberth Ltd | Valve arrangement |
-
1993
- 1993-02-10 DE DE4303839A patent/DE4303839A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1994
- 1994-02-07 DE DE59402687T patent/DE59402687D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-02-07 EP EP94101841A patent/EP0610866B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-02-12 KR KR1019940002489A patent/KR100225915B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB817802A (en) * | 1954-11-12 | 1959-08-06 | Gen Electric | Improvements relating to centrifugal pumps, particularly suitable for clothes washing machines |
FR1142593A (en) * | 1956-02-08 | 1957-09-19 | Guinard Pompes | Improvement in centrifugal pumps with two directions of rotation |
CH499018A (en) * | 1968-09-03 | 1970-11-15 | Troesch Hans A Dr Ing | Circulation pump for heating systems |
EP0460399A2 (en) * | 1990-05-04 | 1991-12-11 | Grundfos International A/S | Centrifugal pump and gasboiler including the same |
DE9013992U1 (en) * | 1990-10-08 | 1991-10-24 | Grundfos International A/S, Bjerringbro | Motor pump unit for circulation systems with two parallel circuits |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN103277340A (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2013-09-04 | 江苏大学 | Double-direction volute for turbine pump and utilization method thereof |
CN103277340B (en) * | 2013-05-09 | 2015-11-18 | 江苏大学 | A kind of two-way spiral case for turbine pump and using method thereof |
GB2575066A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-01 | Dyson Technology Ltd | A nozzel for a fan assembly |
CN110645208A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-01-03 | 戴森技术有限公司 | Nozzle for fan assembly |
GB2575066B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-11-25 | Dyson Technology Ltd | A nozzle for a fan assembly |
US11454247B2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2022-09-27 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
US11486413B2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2022-11-01 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
US11680581B2 (en) | 2018-06-27 | 2023-06-20 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
US11767853B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2023-09-26 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
US12049902B2 (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2024-07-30 | Dyson Technology Limited | Nozzle for a fan assembly |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
KR940020003A (en) | 1994-09-15 |
KR100225915B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 |
DE4303839A1 (en) | 1994-08-11 |
EP0610866B1 (en) | 1997-05-14 |
DE59402687D1 (en) | 1997-06-19 |
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