EP0608765B1 - Turbine with at least three admission sectors associated to a single regulating stage - Google Patents

Turbine with at least three admission sectors associated to a single regulating stage Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0608765B1
EP0608765B1 EP94100759A EP94100759A EP0608765B1 EP 0608765 B1 EP0608765 B1 EP 0608765B1 EP 94100759 A EP94100759 A EP 94100759A EP 94100759 A EP94100759 A EP 94100759A EP 0608765 B1 EP0608765 B1 EP 0608765B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
control block
valves
control
governing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94100759A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0608765A1 (en
Inventor
Rudolf Lindner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
ABB Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Patent GmbH filed Critical ABB Patent GmbH
Publication of EP0608765A1 publication Critical patent/EP0608765A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0608765B1 publication Critical patent/EP0608765B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01DNON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D17/00Regulating or controlling by varying flow
    • F01D17/10Final actuators
    • F01D17/12Final actuators arranged in stator parts
    • F01D17/18Final actuators arranged in stator parts varying effective number of nozzles or guide conduits, e.g. sequentially operable valves for steam turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a control stage In order to achieve good partial load efficiencies when adapting turbines, in particular steam turbines, to changing load conditions, a control stage is usually used.
  • nozzle group control one works for each control stage with several exposure sectors, each of which nozzle groups with a different number of nozzles and thus different total passage areas are assigned and each of which has its own control valve with the drive medium, that is, for. B. the steam.
  • the passage opening of each fully open control valve is matched to the passage area of the associated nozzle group in such a way that all the nozzles in an admission sector are fully flowed through and the control losses are minimized when the control valve is opened.
  • full valve opening refers to a minimal pressure loss at which the control valve does not always have to be mechanically completely open.
  • valve point defines a point in the performance diagram with minimal power loss.
  • a more or less large number of control valves is fully open and therefore does not cause throttling.
  • Only one of the control valves will only be partially open and cause an additional throttle loss. However, this loss only affects the partial mass flow flowing through the respective control valve and is therefore relatively small.
  • the partial quantities and thus the throttling losses per partial quantity will be smaller, the greater the number of pressurizing sectors or the associated control valves.
  • each control valve requires its own connection to one or more quick-closing valves via flange connections and high-pressure pipes.
  • the control valves and thus all nozzle groups are of different sizes in order to achieve as many possible combinations and thus many valve points with just a few units.
  • the assignment and control logic is relatively complicated because a selection grid has to be processed.
  • a matching circuit must also be provided for each control valve in order to ensure a linear valve characteristic even under subcritical flow conditions at the nozzle group.
  • the throttle losses are relatively high because the nozzle groups are large and therefore poorly filled for a long time.
  • valves for example two overflow valves in a removal turbine
  • control takes place in such a way that one valve after the other is opened in a predetermined order in accordance with the customary individual valve control, so that the number of valves is equal to the number of valve points which can be achieved.
  • the object of the invention is, based on the known arrangement defined in the preamble of claim 1, to improve a turbine in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned are avoided and more loading conditions can be driven with fully open control valves with as little technical outlay as control valves are used .
  • control valves By combining several control valves in one control block, such that its control valves can be operated serially via a common valve drive and by combined control of control valves with different passage characteristics, the number of valve drives and the spindle couplings in relation to the achievable number of To reduce valve control points significantly.
  • control valves of a valve block are actuated via a common valve spindle. This also reduces the number of spindle bushings to one spindle bushing per valve block, which also reduces the sealing problems with suitable stuffing boxes.
  • a particular simplification for the manufacture of a valve block is obtained if all control valves are provided with a passage opening of the same size. Nevertheless, a large number of combinations can be realized if several interacting control blocks are each provided with different valve openings. It is expedient to work with two control blocks in the turbines which are used relatively frequently in practice with four admission sectors per control stage, a first control block being provided with large valve openings and serving as a rough control block and a second valve block having small valve openings and acting as a fine control block.
  • This version in particular has a number of advantages, since both control blocks can be designed as single valve slide blocks, as are already used in practice in a different context, and up to eight valve points can be realized in this way with just four control valves. This means that you can achieve eight valve points with just two valve drives and thus a very good average efficiency over the entire control range.
  • a relatively even distribution of the valve points in the performance diagram can be achieved if the area of the passage openings of two valves of a control block together is so much smaller than the area of the passage opening of a coarse control block than the area of the passage opening of a valve of the fine control block. It is therefore expedient to assign a valve of the fine control block 12.5% and a valve of the coarse control block 37.5% of the area of the total passage opening.
  • control blocks with three or more individual valves and a common valve drive can also be expedient, in which case their area share in the total passage opening must then be optimized accordingly.
  • control valves up to 11 valve points and with six valves up to fifteen valve points can be realized.
  • the example according to FIG. 1 relates to an extraction condensation turbine with a first control stage for regulating the steam throughput in the high-pressure part of the turbine and with a second control stage for regulating the flow of steam flowing to the low-pressure part of the turbine and the extraction quantity at a steam extraction connection 9.
  • the two control stages are According to the invention each equipped with two control blocks 4, each having two control valves 1 designed as slide valves and according to their open position nozzles 3 or nozzle groups with the Actuate the drive medium, in this case steam.
  • the control stage of the high-pressure part of the turbine in FIG. 2 is in accordance with the section line AA and the control stage of the low-pressure section of the turbine in FIG.
  • FIG. 2 and 3 explain the use of two control blocks 4a, 4b, each with two control or overflow valves 1a, 1b and 1c, 1d, each of which is driven by a common valve drive 5a, 5b and a common valve spindle 6a, 6b.
  • the drive medium of the live steam valve group according to FIG. 2 flows to a first control block 4a, which as a rough control block has valves 1c, 1d with a correspondingly large valve opening and then via a connecting channel 7 to a fine control block 4b, whose valves 1a, 1b have correspondingly smaller passage openings have.
  • the drive medium reaches the pressurization sectors 2a to 2d.
  • Each of these pressurization sectors 2a to 2d is assigned one or more nozzles 3a to 3d combined into nozzle groups, on the total passage area of which the associated control valve is adapted.
  • valve points can be achieved with the aid of the double valve blocks designed as fine control block 4b and coarse control block 4a. This results in a clear allocation and control logic, since the two valves 1a, 1b of the fine control block 4b are always opened first, before a valve 1c and subsequently, 1d of the coarse control block 4a is also opened. A reversal of the valves is only necessary after the second and the fifth valve point and this in turn only with the fine control block 4b. Another advantage is that during these reversal processes, i.e.
  • FIG. 4 shows a valve structure of a different type from sliding valves, as are used in the example according to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • control blocks according to the invention can be implemented not only with the aid of sliding valves, but also with other types of valves, provided that two or more valves can be actuated by a common actuator.
  • the same reference numerals are used for the parts that act in the same way for clarification.
  • the application of the invention is of course not limited to steam turbines, but also covers other drive media, such as compressed air, compressed gas, etc.
  • Overflow valves in extraction turbines can work on the same principle.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

In a nozzle group control each of the admission sectors is equipped with nozzle groups, the passage area of which corresponds to the passage opening of the respective control valve connected upstream. It is advantageous if at least two admission sectors have different passage areas and the control valves (1) are actuated so that by varying their combination more valve points can be set with full valve opening than there are control valves (1) fitted. The object of the invention is to reduce the necessary technical cost of this. According to the invention at least two control valves (1) are incorporated in a control block (4) so that they can be actuated in series by way of a common valve drive (5). The valves are actuated so that at one of the possible valve points all control valves (1a, 1b) of a control block (4b) are opened together with a further control valve (1c) and at another valve point only one of the control valves (1a) of the same control block (4b) is opened together with the same further control valve (1c). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Turbine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a turbine according to the preamble of claim 1.

Um bei der Anpassung von Turbinen, insbesondere Dampfturbinen, an wechselnde Lastverhältnisse gute Teillastwirkungsgrade zu erreichen, wird üblicherweise mit einer Regelstufe gearbeitet. Bei der sogenannten Düsengruppenregelung arbeitet man pro Regel stufe mit mehreren Beaufschlagungssektoren, denen jeweils Düsengruppen mit unterschiedlicher Düsenzahl und somit unterschiedlichen Gesamtdurchlaßflächen zugeordnet sind und die jeweils über ein eigenes Steuerventil mit dem Antriebsmedium, also z. B. dem Dampf, beaufschlagt werden. Die Durchlaßöffnung jedes voll geöffneten Regelventils ist so auf die Durchlaßfläche der zugehörigen Düsengruppe abgestimmt, daß alle Düsen eines Beaufschlagungssektors voll angeströmt werden, und bei aufgesteuertem Regelventil die Regelverluste minimiert sind. Hierbei ist zu beachten, daß sich die Bezeichnung "volle Ventilöffnung" auf einen minimalen Druckverlust bezieht, bei dem das Regelventil nicht in jedem Fall auch mechanisch ganz offen sein muß.In order to achieve good partial load efficiencies when adapting turbines, in particular steam turbines, to changing load conditions, a control stage is usually used. In the so-called nozzle group control one works for each control stage with several exposure sectors, each of which nozzle groups with a different number of nozzles and thus different total passage areas are assigned and each of which has its own control valve with the drive medium, that is, for. B. the steam. The passage opening of each fully open control valve is matched to the passage area of the associated nozzle group in such a way that all the nozzles in an admission sector are fully flowed through and the control losses are minimized when the control valve is opened. It should be noted here that the term "full valve opening" refers to a minimal pressure loss at which the control valve does not always have to be mechanically completely open.

Mit zunehmender Leistung einer Dampfturbine wird ein Regelventil nach dem anderen geöffnet. Bei jedem voll geöffneten Regelventil spricht man von einem Ventilpunkt, der jeweils im Leistungsdiagramm einen Punkt mit minimalem Leistungsverlust definiert. Bei einem gegebenen Lastzustand ist eine mehr oder weniger große Anzahl von Regelventilen voll geöffnet und verursacht somit keine Drosselung. Nur eines der Regelventile wird lediglich teilweise geöffnet sein und einen zusätzlichen Drosselverlust bewirken. Dieser Verlust betrifft jedoch nur den durch das jeweilige Regelventil strömenden Teilmassenstrom und ist somit verhältnismäßig gering. Die Teilmengen und damit die Drosselverluste pro Teilmenge werden umso kleiner sein, je größer die Anzahl der Beaufschlagungssektoren bzw. der zugehörigen Regelventile ist.As the output of a steam turbine increases, one control valve after the other is opened. Every fully open control valve is called a valve point, which defines a point in the performance diagram with minimal power loss. For a given load condition, a more or less large number of control valves is fully open and therefore does not cause throttling. Only one of the control valves will only be partially open and cause an additional throttle loss. However, this loss only affects the partial mass flow flowing through the respective control valve and is therefore relatively small. The partial quantities and thus the throttling losses per partial quantity will be smaller, the greater the number of pressurizing sectors or the associated control valves.

Bei üblichen Dampfturbinen wird die Leistung so geregelt, daß Düsen oder Düsengruppen einer teilweise beaufschlagten Regelstufe der Reihe nach zu- oder abgeschaltet werden, je nachdem, ob die Leistung der Turbogruppe größer oder kleiner wird. Mit einer solche Anordnung lassen sich nur so viele Ventilpunkte und damit Punkte hohen Wirkungsgrades erreichen, wie einzelne Beaufschlagungssektoren vorgesehen sind. Aus der CH-PS 296 440 ist jedoch eine Einrichtung zur Regelung von Turbomaschinen bekannt, mit der es gelingt, die Anzahl der Ventilpunkte zu erhöhen, ohne gleichzeitig auch die Anzahl der Ventile selbst zu vergrößern. Dies gelingt dadurch, daß mehrere Regelventile mit unterschiedlicher Durchlaßöffnung, die einzeln ansteuerbar sind, in beliebiger Reihenfolge miteinander kombiniert werden, so daß hierdurch eine entsprechende Vielzahl von Öffnungsvariationen realisierbar ist. Der gleiche Gedanke wird auch in der DE 4 023 900 A1 erneut aufgegriffen.In conventional steam turbines, the output is regulated in such a way that nozzles or groups of nozzles are switched on or off one after the other, depending on whether the output of the turbo group is increasing or decreasing. With such an arrangement, only as many valve points and thus points of high efficiency can be reached as individual loading sectors are provided. From CH-PS 296 440, however, a device for regulating turbomachinery is known, with which it is possible to increase the number of valve points without simultaneously increasing the number of valves themselves. This is achieved in that several control valves with different passage openings, which can be individually controlled, are combined with one another in any order, so that a corresponding number of opening variations can be realized in this way is. The same idea is also taken up again in DE 4 023 900 A1.

Ausführungen dieser Art erfordern einen relativ hohen technischen Aufwand und sind deshalb entsprechend teuer. So ist wegen des separaten Antriebs jedes einzelnen Steuerventils ein eigenes Antriebsaggregat, eine eigene Spindel, eine Spindelkupplung und eine Spindeldurchführung erforderlich. Außerdem benötigt jedes Steuerventil eine eigene Anbindung über Flanschanschlüsse und Hochdruckrohrleitungen an ein oder mehrere Schnellschlußventile. Die Steuerventile und damit auch alle Düsengruppen sind unterschiedlich groß ausgeführt, um mit wenigen Baueinheiten möglichst viele Kombinationsmöglichkeiten und damit viele Ventilpunkte zu erreichen. Weiterhin ist die Zuordnungs- und Aussteuerlogik relativ kompliziert, da ein Auswahlraster abgearbeitet werden muß. Auch muß pro Steuerventil eine Anpaßschaltung vorgesehen werden, um eine lineare Ventilkennlinie auch bei unterkritischen Strömungsverhältnissen an der Düsengruppe zu gewährleisten. Während der Umsteuervorgänge und bei vielen Zwischenpunkten sind die Drosselverluste relativ hoch, da die Düsengruppen groß und damit lange schlecht gefüllt sind. Bei der Abarbeitung des Auswahlrasters sind Umsteuervorgänge von einer Düsengruppe auf die andere relativ häufig.Designs of this type require a relatively high level of technical complexity and are therefore correspondingly expensive. Because of the separate drive of each individual control valve, a separate drive unit, a separate spindle, a spindle coupling and a spindle bushing are required. In addition, each control valve requires its own connection to one or more quick-closing valves via flange connections and high-pressure pipes. The control valves and thus all nozzle groups are of different sizes in order to achieve as many possible combinations and thus many valve points with just a few units. Furthermore, the assignment and control logic is relatively complicated because a selection grid has to be processed. A matching circuit must also be provided for each control valve in order to ensure a linear valve characteristic even under subcritical flow conditions at the nozzle group. During the reversing processes and at many intermediate points, the throttle losses are relatively high because the nozzle groups are large and therefore poorly filled for a long time. When processing the selection grid, reversing processes from one nozzle group to the other are relatively frequent.

Weiterhin ist es bereits bekannt, mehrere Ventile, z.B. zwei Überströmventile bei einer Entnahmeturbine, durch einen gemeinsamen Antrieb zu betätigen. Die Steuerung erfolgt jedoch in der Weise, daß entsprechend der üblichen Einzelventilsteuerung ein Ventil nach dem anderen in vorgegebener Reihenfolge geöffnet wird, so daß die Anzahl der Ventile gleich der Anzahl der erzielbaren Ventilpunkte ist.Furthermore, it is already known to actuate a plurality of valves, for example two overflow valves in a removal turbine, by means of a common drive. However, the control takes place in such a way that one valve after the other is opened in a predetermined order in accordance with the customary individual valve control, so that the number of valves is equal to the number of valve points which can be achieved.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ausgehend von der bekannten im Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1 definierten Anordnung eine Turbine derart zu verbessern, daß die genannten Nachteile vermieden werden und mit möglichst geringem technischen Aufwand mehr Belastungszustände bei voll geöffneten Regelventilen gefahren werden können, als Regelventile zum Einsatz kommen.The object of the invention is, based on the known arrangement defined in the preamble of claim 1, to improve a turbine in such a way that the disadvantages mentioned are avoided and more loading conditions can be driven with fully open control valves with as little technical outlay as control valves are used .

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die in Anspruch 1 gekennzeichneten Merkmale gelöst. Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes sind in den Unteransprüchen genannt.This object is achieved by the features characterized in claim 1. Refinements and developments of the subject matter of the invention are mentioned in the subclaims.

Durch das Zusammenfassen von mehreren Regelventilen in einem Steuerblock, derart, daß dessen Regelventile seriell über einen gemeinsamen Ventilantrieb betätigt werden können und durch ein kombiniertes Aussteuern von Regelventilen mit unterschiedlichen Durchlaßkennwerten , gelingt es die Zahl der Ventilantriebe und der Spindelkupplungen in Bezug auf die erreichbare Anzahl von Ventilsteuerpunkten deutlich zu reduzieren.By combining several control valves in one control block, such that its control valves can be operated serially via a common valve drive and by combined control of control valves with different passage characteristics, the number of valve drives and the spindle couplings in relation to the achievable number of To reduce valve control points significantly.

In einer zweckmäßigen Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgegenstandes ist vorgesehen, die Regelventile eines Ventilblocks über eine gemeinsame Ventilspindel zu betätigen. Hierdurch reduziert sich auch die Anzahl der Spindeldurchführungen auf eine Spindeldurchführung pro Ventilblock, wodurch sich auch die Abdichtungsprobleme durch geeignete Stopfbuchsen vermindern.In an expedient development of the subject matter of the invention, it is provided that the control valves of a valve block are actuated via a common valve spindle. This also reduces the number of spindle bushings to one spindle bushing per valve block, which also reduces the sealing problems with suitable stuffing boxes.

Durch ein geeignetes Zusammenfassen von mehreren Steuerblöcken zu einer Blockeinheit gelingt es, über entsprechende Verbindungskanäle die Anordnung mit einem gemeinsamen Schnellschlußventilanschluß zu versehen, so daß hier auf zusätzliche Flanschverbindungen und Hochdruckleitungen verzichtet werden kann.By a suitable combination of several control blocks to form a block unit, it is possible to provide the arrangement with a common quick-action valve connection via corresponding connecting channels, so that additional flange connections and high-pressure lines can be dispensed with here.

Eine besondere Vereinfachung für die Herstellung eines Ventilblocks ergibt sich, wenn alle Regelventile mit einer gleichgroßen Durchlaßöffnung versehen sind. Dennoch läßt sich eine Vielzahl von Kombinationen realisieren, wenn mehrere zusammenwirkende Steuerblöcke untereinander jeweils mit unterschiedlichen Ventilöffnungen versehen sind. Zweckmäßig ist es, bei den in der Praxis relativ häufig eingesetzten Turbinen mit vier Beaufschlagungssektoren pro Regelstufe, mit zwei Steuerblöcken zu arbeiten, wobei ein erster Steuerblock mit großen Ventilöffnungen versehen ist und als Grobsteuerblock dient und ein zweiter Ventilblock kleine Ventilöffnungen besitzt und als Feinsteuerblock wirkt. Besonders diese Ausführung hat eine Reihe von Vorzügen, da beide Steuerblöcke als Einfachventilschiebeblöcke ausgebildet werden können, wie sie in anderem Zusammenhang in der Praxis bereits zur Anwendung gelangen und sich auf diese Weise mit nur vier Regelventilen bis zu acht Ventilpunkte realisieren lassen. Das bedeutet, daß man mit nur zwei Ventilantrieben acht Ventilpunkte und damit einen sehr guten durchschnittlichen Wirkungsgrad über den gesamten Regelbereich erzielen kann.A particular simplification for the manufacture of a valve block is obtained if all control valves are provided with a passage opening of the same size. Nevertheless, a large number of combinations can be realized if several interacting control blocks are each provided with different valve openings. It is expedient to work with two control blocks in the turbines which are used relatively frequently in practice with four admission sectors per control stage, a first control block being provided with large valve openings and serving as a rough control block and a second valve block having small valve openings and acting as a fine control block. This version in particular has a number of advantages, since both control blocks can be designed as single valve slide blocks, as are already used in practice in a different context, and up to eight valve points can be realized in this way with just four control valves. This means that you can achieve eight valve points with just two valve drives and thus a very good average efficiency over the entire control range.

Eine relativ gleichmäßige Verteilung der Ventilpunkte im Leistungsdiagramm läßt sich erzielen, wenn die Fläche der Durchlaßöffnungen von zwei Ventilen eines Steuerblocks zusammen um soviel kleiner als die Fläche der Durchlaßöffnung eines Grobsteuerblocks ist, als wiederum die Fläche der Durchlaßöffnung eines Ventils des Feinsteuerblocks ausmacht. Es ist somit zweckmäßig einem Ventil des Feinsteuerblocks 12,5% und einem Ventil des Grobsteuerblocks 37,5% der Fläche der Gesamtdurchlaßöffnung zuzuordnen.A relatively even distribution of the valve points in the performance diagram can be achieved if the area of the passage openings of two valves of a control block together is so much smaller than the area of the passage opening of a coarse control block than the area of the passage opening of a valve of the fine control block. It is therefore expedient to assign a valve of the fine control block 12.5% and a valve of the coarse control block 37.5% of the area of the total passage opening.

Für entsprechende Anwendungen können jedoch auch andere Steuerblöcke mit drei oder noch mehr einzelnen Ventilen und einem gemeinsamen Ventilantrieb zweckmäßig sein, wobei dann deren Flächenanteil an der Geamtdurchlaßöffnung in entsprechender Weise optimiert werden muß. Mit fünf Regelventilen lassen sich bis zu 11 Ventilpunkte und mit sechs Ventilen bis zu fünfzehn Ventilpunkte realisieren.For corresponding applications, however, other control blocks with three or more individual valves and a common valve drive can also be expedient, in which case their area share in the total passage opening must then be optimized accordingly. With five control valves up to 11 valve points and with six valves up to fifteen valve points can be realized.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird im folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Querschnitt durch eine Dampfturbine, die als Entnahme-Kondensationsturbine aufgebaut ist,
Fig. 2
einen Fein- und einen Grobsteuerblock, mit Frischdampfeinlaßventilen im HD-Teil der Turbine nach Fig. 1 entsprechend dem Schnitt A-A,
Fig. 3
einen Fein- und einen Grobsteuerblock mit Überströmventilen im ND-Teil der Turbine nach Fig. 1 entsprechend dem Schnitt B-B,
Fig. 4
zwei gegenüber den aus Schiebeventilen aufgebauten Steuerblöcken der Fig. 1 bis 3 andersartig aufgebaute Steuerblöcke.
An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and will be described in more detail below. Show it:
Fig. 1
3 shows a cross section through a steam turbine, which is constructed as an extraction condensation turbine,
Fig. 2
a fine and a coarse control block, with live steam inlet valves in the HP part of the turbine of FIG. 1 according to section AA,
Fig. 3
a fine and a coarse control block with overflow valves in the LP part of the turbine of FIG. 1 according to section BB,
Fig. 4
two control blocks constructed in a different manner from the control blocks of FIGS. 1 to 3 constructed from slide valves.

Das Beispiel nach Fig. 1 betrifft eine Entnahme-Kondensationsturbine mit einer ersten Regelstufe zur Regelung des Dampfdurchsatzes im Hochdruckteil der Turbine und mit einer zweiten Regelstufe zur Regelung der weiterströmenden Dampfmenge zum Niederdruckteil der Turbine und der Entnahmemenge an einem Dampfentnahmeanschluß 9. Die beiden Regel stufen sind erfindungsgemäß mit je zwei Steuerblöcken 4 ausgestattet, die jeweils zwei als Schiebeventile ausgeführte Regelventile 1 besitzen und entsprechend ihrer Öffnungsstellung Düsen 3 bzw. Düsengruppen mit dem Antriebsmedium, im vorliegenden Fall Dampf, beaufschlagen.
Zur Verdeutlichung des Aufbaus der Steuerblöcke und ihres Zusammenwirkens mit den Düsengruppen ist die Regelstufe des HD-Teils der Turbine in Fig. 2 entsprechend der Schnittlinie A-A und die Regelstufe des ND-Teils der Turbine in Fig. 3 entsprechend der Schnittlinie B-B als Querschnitt von Fig. 1 dargestellt. Obwohl im einen Fall der Dampfdurchsatz und im anderen Fall die Dampfentnahme über den Dampfentnahmeanschluß 9 geregelt wird, handelt es sich im Prinzip um gleichartige Anwendungen des Erfindungsgegenstandes, so daß auch die sich entsprechenden Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind.
The example according to FIG. 1 relates to an extraction condensation turbine with a first control stage for regulating the steam throughput in the high-pressure part of the turbine and with a second control stage for regulating the flow of steam flowing to the low-pressure part of the turbine and the extraction quantity at a steam extraction connection 9. The two control stages are According to the invention each equipped with two control blocks 4, each having two control valves 1 designed as slide valves and according to their open position nozzles 3 or nozzle groups with the Actuate the drive medium, in this case steam.
To clarify the structure of the control blocks and their interaction with the nozzle groups, the control stage of the high-pressure part of the turbine in FIG. 2 is in accordance with the section line AA and the control stage of the low-pressure section of the turbine in FIG. 3 in accordance with the section line BB as the cross section of FIG 1 shown. Although in one case the steam throughput and in the other case the steam extraction is regulated via the steam extraction connection 9, the applications of the subject matter of the invention are basically the same, so that the corresponding parts are also provided with the same reference numerals.

Die Figuren 2 und 3 erläutern den Einsatz von zwei Steuerblöcken 4a, 4b mit je zwei Steuer- oder Überströmventilen 1a, 1b und 1c, 1d, die jeweils durch einen gemeinsamen Ventilantrieb 5a, 5b und eine gemeinsame Ventilspindel 6a, 6b angetrieben werden. Ausgehend von einem Schnellschlußventilanschluß 8 strömt das Antriebsmedium der Frischdampfventilgruppe nach Figur 2 zu einem ersten Steuerblock 4a, der als Grobsteuerblock Ventile 1c, 1d mit entsprechend großer Ventilöffnung besitzt und dann über einen Verbindungskanal 7 zu einem Feinsteuerblock 4b, dessen Ventile 1a, 1b entsprechend kleinere Durchlaßöffnungen besitzen. Bei geöffneten Ventilen gelangt das Antriebsmedium in die Beaufschlagungssektoren 2a bis 2d. Jedem dieser Beaufschlagungssektoren 2a bis 2d sind eine oder mehrere zu Düsengruppen vereinigte Düsen 3a bis 3d zugeordnet, an deren Gesamtdurchlaßfläche das jeweils zugehörige Regelventil angepaßt ist.Figures 2 and 3 explain the use of two control blocks 4a, 4b, each with two control or overflow valves 1a, 1b and 1c, 1d, each of which is driven by a common valve drive 5a, 5b and a common valve spindle 6a, 6b. Starting from a quick-closing valve connection 8, the drive medium of the live steam valve group according to FIG. 2 flows to a first control block 4a, which as a rough control block has valves 1c, 1d with a correspondingly large valve opening and then via a connecting channel 7 to a fine control block 4b, whose valves 1a, 1b have correspondingly smaller passage openings have. When the valves are open, the drive medium reaches the pressurization sectors 2a to 2d. Each of these pressurization sectors 2a to 2d is assigned one or more nozzles 3a to 3d combined into nozzle groups, on the total passage area of which the associated control valve is adapted.

Wie die nachstehende Tabelle 1 zeigt, lassen sich mit Hilfe der als Feinsteuerblock 4b und Grobsteuerblock 4a ausgebildeten Zweifachventilblöcke durch entsprechende Steuerung acht Ventilpunkte erzielen. Hierbei ergibt sich eine übersichtliche Zuordnung und Ansteuerlogik, da immer zunächst die beiden Ventile 1a, 1b des Feinsteuerblocks 4b geöffnet werden, bevor auch ein Ventil 1c und nachfolgend, 1d des Grobsteuerblock 4a geöffnet wird. Ein Umsteuern der Ventile ist nur nach dem zweiten und dem fünften Ventilpunkt erforderlich und das wiederum nur beim Feinsteuerblock 4b. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, daß während dieser Umsteuervorgänge, also beim Schließen des Feinsteuerblocks 4b, nachdem er zunächst voll geöffnet war, durch die serielle Anordnung der beiden Ventile 1a, 1b, während des Schließens des zweiten Ventils 1b, das erste Ventil 1a noch geöffnet ist und somit bei diesem Ventil keine Verluste auftreten. Eine Anpaßschaltung, für den Übergang auf unterkritische Strömungsverhältnisse an den Düsen ist nur für den Feinsteuerblock 4b erforderlich und praktisch nur vom Ausgangssignal des Drehzahlreglers abhängig.
Der Aufbau von zwei Steuerblöcken mit gleich großen Ventilen innerhalb eines Steuerblocks ermöglicht optimal kleine Steuerblockkästen und damit auch kleine Ventilantriebe. Das hat neben den Kostenvorteilen natürlich auch positive Auswirkungen auf die Stellgeschwindigkeit und somit die Regelgüte.
In Figur 4 ist eine gegenüber Schiebeventilen, wie sie bei dem Beispiel nach den Figuren 1 bis 3 zur Anwendung kommen, andersartiger Ventilaufbau dargestellt. Dies soll verdeutlichen, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Steuerblöcke nicht nur mit Hilfe von Schiebeventilen, sondern auch mit anderen Ventilarten realisierbar sind, sofern zwei oder mehr Ventile durch einen gemeinsamen Stellantrieb betätigbar sind. Auch hier sind zur Verdeutlichung gleiche Bezugszeichen für die gleichartig wirkenden Teile verwendet. Die Anwendung der Erfindung ist selbstverständlich nicht auf Dampfturbinen beschränkt, sondern erfaßt auch andere Antriebsmedien, wie Druckluft, Druckgas usw. Überströmventile bei Entnahmeturbinen können nach dem gleichen Prinzip arbeiten.

Figure imgb0001
As Table 1 below shows, eight valve points can be achieved with the aid of the double valve blocks designed as fine control block 4b and coarse control block 4a. This results in a clear allocation and control logic, since the two valves 1a, 1b of the fine control block 4b are always opened first, before a valve 1c and subsequently, 1d of the coarse control block 4a is also opened. A reversal of the valves is only necessary after the second and the fifth valve point and this in turn only with the fine control block 4b. Another advantage is that during these reversal processes, i.e. when the fine control block 4b is closed after it was initially fully open, the serial arrangement of the two valves 1a, 1b while the second valve 1b is closing means that the first valve 1a is still open and therefore no losses occur with this valve. A matching circuit for the transition to subcritical flow conditions at the nozzles is only required for the fine control block 4b and practically only depends on the output signal of the speed controller.
The construction of two control blocks with valves of the same size within one control block enables optimally small control block boxes and thus also small valve drives. In addition to the cost advantages, this naturally also has positive effects on the actuating speed and thus the control quality.
FIG. 4 shows a valve structure of a different type from sliding valves, as are used in the example according to FIGS. 1 to 3. This should make it clear that the control blocks according to the invention can be implemented not only with the aid of sliding valves, but also with other types of valves, provided that two or more valves can be actuated by a common actuator. Here, too, the same reference numerals are used for the parts that act in the same way for clarification. The application of the invention is of course not limited to steam turbines, but also covers other drive media, such as compressed air, compressed gas, etc. Overflow valves in extraction turbines can work on the same principle.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (9)

  1. Turbine having at least three admission sectors (2) belonging to a governing stage, of which one is equipped with one or more nozzles (3) and at least two are equipped with nozzle groups, the transmission area of which corresponds to the transmission opening of the governing valve (1) respectively arranged upstream, and that [sic] at least two governing valves (1) have different transmission openings, activation of the governing valves (1) being effected in such a way that, by their alternating combination, more valve points having full valve opening can be set than governing valves (1) fitted, characterized in that at least two governing valves (1) are integrated in a control block (4) in such a way that they can be actuated in series via a common valve drive (5), and the governing valves are controlled in such a way that, at one of the possible valve points, all governing valves (1a, 1b) of a control block (4b) together with a further governing valve (1c) are open, and, at another valve point, only one of the governing valves (1a) of the same control block (4b) together with the same further governing valve (1c) is open.
  2. Turbine according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one control block (4a, 4b) is constructed in such a way that a common valve spindle (6) serves to actuate its governing valves (1).
  3. Turbine according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two control blocks (4a, 4b) are combined in a block unit and are connected via corresponding connecting passages (7) to a common quick-closing valve connection (8), starting from which the preferably gaseous drive medium is fed.
  4. Turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that all governing valves (1) of at least one control block (4a, 4b) have transmission characteristics of the same magnitude.
  5. Turbine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one control block (4a) is provided with large valve openings and serves as a coarse-control block and another control block (4b) has small valve openings and serves as a fine-control block.
  6. Turbine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the coarse-control block (4a) and the fine-control block (4b) are each designed as double valve blocks and each has a separate valve drive (5a, 5b), and the governing valves (1) are activated in such a way that up to eight valve points can be set.
  7. Turbine according to Claim 6, characterized in that the area of the transmission opening of a governing valve (1c, 1d) of the coarse-control block (4a) is about 37.5% of the opening area of all governing valves and the area of the transmission opening of a governing valve (1a, 1b) of the fine-control block (4b) is about 12.5% of the opening area of all governing valves.
  8. Turbine according to Claim 5, characterized in that a total of five governing valves are provided per control stage, of which three are arranged either in the coarse-control block (4a) or in the fine-control block (4b), and the governing valves (1) are activated in such a combination that up to eleven valve points can be set.
  9. Turbine according to Claim 5, characterized in that six governing valves (1) are provided per control stage, of which three are arranged in the coarse-control block (4a) and three are arranged in the fine-control block (4b), and the governing valves (1) are activated in such a combination that up to fifteen valve points can be set.
EP94100759A 1993-01-25 1994-01-20 Turbine with at least three admission sectors associated to a single regulating stage Expired - Lifetime EP0608765B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4301881 1993-01-25
DE4301881A DE4301881A1 (en) 1993-01-25 1993-01-25 Turbine with at least three admission sectors belonging to a control level

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0608765A1 EP0608765A1 (en) 1994-08-03
EP0608765B1 true EP0608765B1 (en) 1996-03-06

Family

ID=6478846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94100759A Expired - Lifetime EP0608765B1 (en) 1993-01-25 1994-01-20 Turbine with at least three admission sectors associated to a single regulating stage

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0608765B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE135086T1 (en)
DE (2) DE4301881A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT410698B (en) * 2000-11-27 2003-06-25 Otto Ing Blank Exhaust gas turbo charger, for an IC motor, has structured flow paths in the spiral housing with groups of jets aligned at the turbine wheel for a high power at slow running speeds and a rapid response
DE102012208506A1 (en) * 2012-05-22 2013-11-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Controlling the supply of working fluid to a turbine by means of a valve-individual control of several valves

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB191121918A (en) * 1911-10-04 1912-08-29 Warwick Machinery Co 1908 Improvements in and relating to Governing Mechanism for Elastic Fluid Turbines.
GB191308977A (en) * 1913-04-16 1913-08-28 Warwick Machinery Co 1908 Improvements in and relating to Valve Mechanism for Elastic Fluid Turbines.
US1997456A (en) * 1934-04-12 1935-04-09 Gen Electric Elastic fluid turbine
CH296440A (en) * 1951-12-28 1954-02-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Device for controlling turbo machines.
DE4023900A1 (en) * 1990-07-27 1992-01-30 Borsig Babcock Ag Method for control of turbine wheel - involves matching throttle to group of nozzles

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE135086T1 (en) 1996-03-15
EP0608765A1 (en) 1994-08-03
DE4301881A1 (en) 1994-07-28
DE59400138D1 (en) 1996-04-11

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
DE3702435A1 (en) METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE ROTATIONAL COMPRESSOR IN A REFRIGERATION AND HEAT PUMP SYSTEM
DE102006006585B3 (en) Converter of an electrical input signal into a pneumatic output signal
DE2018939A1 (en) Control system for rotating compressors
EP0608765B1 (en) Turbine with at least three admission sectors associated to a single regulating stage
DE19633603C1 (en) Internal combustion engine with cylinder head and cylinders
DE2921507C2 (en) Internal combustion engine
EP0361183A1 (en) Switch valve with ceramic valve elements
EP1361130B1 (en) Compressed air processing device for vehicle air system
DE2313645A1 (en) REGULATOR
EP0949414A2 (en) Air intake system for a combustion engine
DE19824913A1 (en) Arrangement for adjusting bypass valve in exhaust system of internal combustion engine with variably adjustable turbocharger
DE4344070C2 (en) Steam turbine with a device for coupling out part of the steam mass flow
DE2929578C2 (en)
DE19700662B4 (en) Turbocharger turbine
DE3404921A1 (en) Guide vane system
DE4038918A1 (en) Mixer for gaseous media at different pressures - is controlled electronically by transducer which causes mixing member to rotate for direct mixt. of two flows
DE102005039556B4 (en) Device for compressed air supply in a commercial vehicle
DE102012022510A1 (en) Turbine i.e. full-variable turbine, for exhaust gas turbocharger of internal combustion engine of i.e. passenger car, has entry variability element adjusted to minimal position around specific percent of switching position
EP0653582A1 (en) Valve combination
EP0301202B1 (en) Valve device for fluids under pressure
EP2382410A1 (en) Quick-closure valve
DE2448251A1 (en) Pneumatic system pressure intensifier - has valve for variable input pressure in bore of control body
DE102023004503A1 (en) Airflow distributor, method for controlling an airflow distributor and method for setting up an airflow distributor
DE19618311A1 (en) Axial flow turbine for IC-engine turbocharger
DE9116670U1 (en) Pressure medium circuit for controlling a working cylinder

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IT

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19950126

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19950828

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT DE FR GB IT

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 135086

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19960315

Kind code of ref document: T

ITF It: translation for a ep patent filed

Owner name: DE DOMINICIS & MAYER S.R.L.

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 59400138

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19960411

ET Fr: translation filed
GBT Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977)

Effective date: 19960403

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: IF02

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: 732E

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: TP

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20021213

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20021216

Year of fee payment: 10

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20021216

Year of fee payment: 10

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20030714

Year of fee payment: 10

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040120

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040120

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040803

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20040120

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20040930

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20050120