EP0607177B1 - Device for detecting the angular position of a rotating component - Google Patents

Device for detecting the angular position of a rotating component Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0607177B1
EP0607177B1 EP92919479A EP92919479A EP0607177B1 EP 0607177 B1 EP0607177 B1 EP 0607177B1 EP 92919479 A EP92919479 A EP 92919479A EP 92919479 A EP92919479 A EP 92919479A EP 0607177 B1 EP0607177 B1 EP 0607177B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle marks
reference mark
sensor
marks
angle
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EP92919479A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0607177A1 (en
Inventor
Karl Ott
Erwin Schmuck
Immanuel Krauter
Joerg Fuchs
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P7/00—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices
    • F02P7/06—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle
    • F02P7/061—Arrangements of distributors, circuit-makers or -breakers, e.g. of distributor and circuit-breaker combinations or pick-up devices of circuit-makers or -breakers, or pick-up devices adapted to sense particular points of the timing cycle pick-up devices without mechanical contacts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0097—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating speed signals

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for angular position detection of a rotating part according to the preamble of the main claim.
  • a device for angular position detection of a rotating part is used in particular for speed and angle information for control units in internal combustion engines, in particular ignition and fuel injection controls, in which both the speed and the angle information can be detected with a single encoder. The points in time required for the ignition and / or injection are calculated from the angle information.
  • EP 0 188 433 describes such a device in which a sensor disc connected to the crankshaft or camshaft of an internal combustion engine and having circumferentially evenly distributed tooth-shaped angle marks is provided by a sensor is scanned.
  • a reference mark which can be designed, for example, as a missing tooth or a larger gap between two teeth or as a half tooth, on the rotating part.
  • the transmitter which is designed as an inductive pickup, delivers a signal which is formed into a square-wave signal in a processing circuit and is evaluated in a subsequent microcomputer.
  • the reference mark is recognized by successive time comparisons, the recognition then taking place if a short time is followed by a longer time and then a shorter time.
  • the known device has the disadvantage that a multiplicity of teeth, for example 180, are provided, the determination of the number of teeth having been optimized in such a way that the time intervals between similar flank marks can still be reasonably evaluated.
  • EP 00 13 846 Another device for detecting the angular position of a rotating part is known from EP 00 13 846, an encoder disk is used which has 32-2 markings on its surface, the two missing markings again serving as reference marks.
  • This encoder disc has the disadvantage that the number of markings does not allow a fixed reference to the position of the individual cylinders if the number of cylinders is 3, 6 or 12. This means that the known encoder disk cannot be used universally.
  • An ignition control system for multi-cylinder engines is known from US Pat. No. 4,787,354, in which an encoder disk is arranged on the crankshaft and has a plurality of teeth, for example 60, and a reference mark formed by two missing teeth.
  • This sensor disc is scanned with the help of a sensor.
  • the position of the crankshaft can be determined from the pulse sequence supplied by the sensor.
  • ignition control pulses are calculated in the control unit based on the pulses supplied by the sensor.
  • Another internal combustion engine control system is known from WO-A 85/05445, which calculates control pulses for the internal combustion engine, the information required for the calculation being obtained with the aid of a sensor which scans a sensor disk connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. Since this encoder disk has a large number of teeth on its circumference and a reference mark designed as a missing tooth, the position of the crankshaft and the speed of the crankshaft can be determined on the basis of the pulse sequence supplied by the sensor.
  • the device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage over the known devices or devices that the special number of markings or teeth of the encoder disc allows a fixed relationship between the marking and position of the individual cylinders for all common numbers of cylinders and thus a simple Evaluation enabled. This is possible because 36 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of the encoder system including a subsequent evaluation circuit
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b show possible configurations of the encoder disk
  • FIG. 2 shows the course of the voltage over time.
  • a sensor disk 10 which has a large number of angular marks 11 on its surface, which are designed as rectangular teeth. Furthermore, the encoder disk 10 has a reference mark gap 12, which consists of two missing angle marks.
  • the number n of the angle marks is 36-2, this number n permits particularly simple evaluation options.
  • the encoder disc 10 is connected to the crankshaft 13 of an internal combustion engine, it is also possible to design the toothed belt pulley in a suitable manner and to use it as a encoder disc.
  • the sensor disk 10 is scanned by means of a sensor
  • an evaluation circuit 17 there is a signal amplification and a signal processing, so that the further evaluation after an A / D conversion in the A / D converter 14 can take place in a microcomputer 18, the signal evaluation and further processing in the microcomputer being able to take place, for example, as described in EP 0 188 433.
  • the evaluation circuit 17 and the microcomputer 18 are usually part of the control unit 19, they can also be constructed separately, the evaluation circuit 17 can also be omitted if the entire signal processing takes place after an analog-to-digital conversion in the control unit 19 itself.
  • the square wave voltage U17 shows the sequence of the individual markings; As long as the reference mark, which corresponds to two missing markings, passes the sensor, no voltage is induced in it either.
  • the square-wave voltage is evaluated in the microcomputer 18 or in the control unit 19, the distances between the individual voltage pulses being determined. This can be done, for example, using the method described in EP 0 188 433, in which the time intervals between similar angle mark edges be measured. However, this can also be used to evaluate the length of time between the leading and trailing edges of the individual markings. A combination is also conceivable, the speed being determined from the time between the leading and trailing edges of one and the same mark, which in a known manner is inversely proportional to Time is while the leading edges or the trailing edges of the individual pulses are evaluated for reference mark recognition, ie their time intervals are determined.
  • the reference mark is detected particularly reliably if a plurality of time intervals of the same angle mark flanks are evaluated, that is if a reference mark is recognized when a first time t0 is significantly smaller than a second time t1 and this is significantly larger than a third time t2.
  • the position of the crankshaft can be determined in the control unit 19 since there is a fixed reference between the reference mark and the crankshaft position.
  • a additional camshaft signal N of a camshaft sensor is supplied to the microcomputer 18 or the control unit 19, which camshaft sensor consists, for example, of one pulse per NW revolution.
  • the combination of the camshaft signal and the identified reference mark then permits unambiguous cylinder recognition, for example the TDC position of the first cylinder, and thus also the other cylinders when the cylinder sequence has been determined Outputs 20 common regulating or control processes.
  • the top dead center position (TDC) can be calculated for each individual cylinder, whereby in the two-cylinder after 18 voltage pulses the second cylinder is at top dead center, in the four-cylinder after 9 voltage pulses the second cylinder, after 18 voltage pulses the third, after 27 voltage pulses the fourth and after 36-2 voltage pulses the first cylinder at top dead center.
  • TDC top dead center position
  • the encoder disk shown in FIG. 1 can also be modified in such a way that a different number is selected as the number of markings or teeth, whereby it should be noted that this number n must be divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 In addition to 36-2, 60-2 or 120-2 markings would also be advantageous, since such numbers of markings also permit simple evaluation.
  • the length of the reference mark gap does not have to correspond to two missing markings, but can generally correspond to a length of m markings.
  • an encoder disk with 36-2 teeth with a disk diameter of 70 mm and a disk thickness of approximately 4 mm, is particularly favorable.
  • the height and width of the markings or the spaces between the individual markings can be designed differently, for example the length of the markings can be the same as the length of the individual spaces or the spaces can be twice as long as the markings. How the individual distances are determined be depends on the respective requirements, it is particularly important that the design of the teeth or the spaces results in an optimal distribution of the voltage induced in the sensor 15.
  • a ferromagnetic disk is usually selected as the encoder disk 10, but it is also possible to use a disk made of a different material and only to produce the markings or teeth from ferromagnetic material.
  • sensor 15 is an inductive sensor; it would also be possible to use a Hall sensor instead. So that a voltage that can be evaluated as well as possible is induced in the sensor 15, it may be necessary to use a different encoder disc 10a, the angle mark 11a preceding and / or following the reference mark 12 being beveled on the side facing the reference mark, as in FIG is shown.
  • FIG. Lb A further possibility is shown in Fig. Lb, with similar angle marks 11b, which are significantly shorter than the spaces between the marks and a reference mark 12, the depth of which is less than that of the spaces between the similar angle marks, and combinations of the suggestions of the Figure 1, 1a, 1b possible.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)

Abstract

The description relates to a device for detecting the angular position of a rotating component in which the rotating component is fitted with a pickup disc (14) with a plurality of regular angle marks (11) and a distinguishable reference mark (12) is formed, for example, by two missing angle marks (11). The number of angle marks is (n-2) where n is a number divisible by as many numbers as possible corresponding to different numbers of cylinders, and is, for example, 36. The voltage sequence generated in the sensor (15) is evaluated in the control device (19). Once the reference mark (12) has been recognised by comparison with a camshaft signal, the cylinder concerned is unmistakable. Evaluation of the voltage sequence also provides the rotation speed, and predeterminable edges of the pulse sequence are used to control the ignition and/or injection system.

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einer Einrichtung zur Winkellageerkennung eines rotierenden Teils nach der Gattung des Hauptanspruchs. Eine solche Einrichtung dient insbesondere zur Drehzahl- und Winkelinformation für Steuergeräte in Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere Zünd- und Kraftstoffeinspritzsteuerungen, bei denen sowohl die Drehzahl als auch die Winkelinformation mit einem einzigen Geber erfaßt werden kann. Aus den Winkelinformationen werden die für die Zündung und/oder Einspritzung benötigten Zeitpunkte berechnet.The invention relates to a device for angular position detection of a rotating part according to the preamble of the main claim. Such a device is used in particular for speed and angle information for control units in internal combustion engines, in particular ignition and fuel injection controls, in which both the speed and the angle information can be detected with a single encoder. The points in time required for the ignition and / or injection are calculated from the angle information.

Vorrichtungen zur Winkellageerfassung eines rotierenden Teiles sind bereits bekannt, so wird beispielsweise in der EP 0 188 433 eine solche Vorrichtung beschrieben, bei der eine mit der Kurbel- oder Nockenwelle einer Brennkraftmaschine verbundene Geberscheibe, die umfangsseitig gleichmäßig verteilte, zahnförmige Winkelmarken aufweist, von einem Geber abgetastet wird. Neben den Winkelmarken befindet sich noch eine Bezugsmarke, die beispielsweise als fehlender Zahn oder größerer Lücke zwischen zwei Zähnen oder auch als halber Zahn ausgebildet sein kann, auf dem rotierenden Teil.Devices for detecting the angular position of a rotating part are already known, for example EP 0 188 433 describes such a device in which a sensor disc connected to the crankshaft or camshaft of an internal combustion engine and having circumferentially evenly distributed tooth-shaped angle marks is provided by a sensor is scanned. In addition to the angle marks, there is also a reference mark, which can be designed, for example, as a missing tooth or a larger gap between two teeth or as a half tooth, on the rotating part.

Der Geber, der als induktiver Aufnehmer ausgebildet ist, liefert ein Signal, das in einer Aufbereitungsschaltung zu einem Rechtecksignal geformt wird und in einem nachfolgenden Mikrocomputer ausgewertet wird. Die Erkennung der Bezugsmarke erfolgt durch nacheinander ablaufende Zeitvergleiche, wobei die Erkennung dann erfolgt, wenn auf eine kurze Zeit eine längere und darauf wieder eine kürzere Zeit folgt.The transmitter, which is designed as an inductive pickup, delivers a signal which is formed into a square-wave signal in a processing circuit and is evaluated in a subsequent microcomputer. The reference mark is recognized by successive time comparisons, the recognition then taking place if a short time is followed by a longer time and then a shorter time.

Die bekannte Vorrichtung hat den Nachteil, daß eine Vielzahl von Zähnen, beispielsweise 180 vorgesehen sind, wobei die Festlegung der Zähnezahl so optimiert wurde, daß die Zeitintervalle zwischen gleichartigen Winkelmarkenflanken noch vernünftig auswertbar sind.The known device has the disadvantage that a multiplicity of teeth, for example 180, are provided, the determination of the number of teeth having been optimized in such a way that the time intervals between similar flank marks can still be reasonably evaluated.

Eine andere Vorrichtung zur Winkellageerfassung eines rotierenden Teils ist aus der EP 00 13 846 bekannt, dabei wird eine Geberscheibe eingesetzt, die an ihrer Oberfläche 32-2 Markierungen aufweist, wobei die beiden fehlenden Markierungen wiederum als Bezugsmarke dienen. Diese Geberscheibe hat den Nachteil, daß die Anzahl der Markierungen keinen festen Bezug zur Stellung der einzelnen Zylinder zuläßt, wenn die Zahl der Zylinder 3, 6 oder 12 beträgt. Damit kann die bekannte Geberscheibe nicht universell eingesetzt werden.Another device for detecting the angular position of a rotating part is known from EP 00 13 846, an encoder disk is used which has 32-2 markings on its surface, the two missing markings again serving as reference marks. This encoder disc has the disadvantage that the number of markings does not allow a fixed reference to the position of the individual cylinders if the number of cylinders is 3, 6 or 12. This means that the known encoder disk cannot be used universally.

Aus der US-PS 4 787 354 ist ein Zündsteuersystem für Mehrzylindermotoren bekannt, bei dem auf der Kurbelwelle eine Geberscheibe angeordnet ist, die eine Vielzahl von Zähnen, beispielsweise 60 sowie eine durch zwei fehlende Zähne gebildete Bezugsmarke aufweist. Diese Geberscheibe wird mit Hilfe eines Sensors abgetastet. Aus der vom Sensor gelieferten Impulsfolge läßt sich die Stellung der Kurbelwelle ermitteln. Weiterhin werden im Steuergerät ausgehend aus den vom Sensor gelieferten Impulsen Zündsteuerimpulse berechnet.An ignition control system for multi-cylinder engines is known from US Pat. No. 4,787,354, in which an encoder disk is arranged on the crankshaft and has a plurality of teeth, for example 60, and a reference mark formed by two missing teeth. This sensor disc is scanned with the help of a sensor. The position of the crankshaft can be determined from the pulse sequence supplied by the sensor. Furthermore, ignition control pulses are calculated in the control unit based on the pulses supplied by the sensor.

Aus der WO-A 85/05445 ist eine weitere Brennkraftmaschinensteuerung bekannt, die Steuerimpulse für die Brennkraftmaschine berechnet, wobei die für die Berechnung erforderlichen Informationen mit Hilfe eines Sensor gewonnen werden, der eine mit der Kurbelwelle der Brennkraftmaschine verbundene Geberscheibe abtastet. Da diese Geberscheibe an ihrem Umfang eine Vielzahl von Zähnen sowie eine als fehlender Zahn ausgebildete Bezugsmarke aufweist, kann ausgehend von der vom Sensor gelieferten Impulsfolge die Stellung der Kurbelwelle sowie die Drehzahl der Kurbelwelle ermittelt werden.Another internal combustion engine control system is known from WO-A 85/05445, which calculates control pulses for the internal combustion engine, the information required for the calculation being obtained with the aid of a sensor which scans a sensor disk connected to the crankshaft of the internal combustion engine. Since this encoder disk has a large number of teeth on its circumference and a reference mark designed as a missing tooth, the position of the crankshaft and the speed of the crankshaft can be determined on the basis of the pulse sequence supplied by the sensor.

Sowohl die aus der US-PS 4 787 354 als auch die aus der WO-A 85/05445 bekannte Geberscheibe ist nicht optimal ausgebildet, da einerseits eine Vielzahl von Winkelmarken erforderlich sind und andererseits eine Bezugsmarke, die nur durch eine fehlende Marke realisiert wird unter ungünstigen Umständen überhaupt nicht erkannt wird.Both the encoder disk known from US Pat. No. 4,787,354 and from WO-A 85/05445 are not optimally designed, since on the one hand a large number of angle marks are required and on the other hand a reference mark which is only realized by a missing mark under unfavorable circumstances is not recognized at all.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Die erfindungsgemäße Einrichtung mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Hauptanspruchs hat gegenüber den bekannten Vorrichtungen bzw. Einrichtungen den Vorteil, daß die spezielle Zahl der Markierungen bzw. Zähne der Geberscheibe einen festen Bezug zwischen Markierung und Stellung der einzelnen Zylinder für alle gängigen Zylinderzahlen zuläßt und damit eine einfache Auswertung ermöglicht. Dies ist möglich, da 36 sowohl durch 2, 3, 4, 6 als auch 12 teilbar ist.The device according to the invention with the characterizing features of the main claim has the advantage over the known devices or devices that the special number of markings or teeth of the encoder disc allows a fixed relationship between the marking and position of the individual cylinders for all common numbers of cylinders and thus a simple Evaluation enabled. This is possible because 36 is divisible by 2, 3, 4, 6 and 12.

Bei 8-Zylinder-Motoren werden zwei Zylinderbänke gebildet, die Zuordnung entspricht daher der des 4-Zylindermotors.With 8-cylinder engines, two cylinder banks are formed, the assignment therefore corresponds to that of the 4-cylinder engine.

In den abhängigen Ansprüchen sind vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Geberscheibe angegeben, die eine besonders einfache Auswertung ermöglichen.In the dependent claims, advantageous configurations of the encoder disk are specified, which enable a particularly simple evaluation.

Zeichnungdrawing

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt Figur 1 den grundsätzlichen Aufbau des Gebersystems einschließlich einer nachfolgenden Auswerteschaltung, in Figur 1a und 1b sind mögliche Ausgestaltungen der Geberscheibe dargestellt und Figur 2 zeigt den Verlauf der Spannung über der Zeit.An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the following description. 1 shows the basic structure of the encoder system including a subsequent evaluation circuit, FIGS. 1a and 1b show possible configurations of the encoder disk and FIG. 2 shows the course of the voltage over time.

Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment

In dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Geberscheibe 10 abgebildet, die an ihrer Oberfläche eine Vielzahl von Winkelmarken 11, die als rechteckige Zähne ausgebildet sind, aufweist. Weiterhin weist die Geberscheibe 10 eine Bezugsmarkenlücke 12 auf, die aus zwei fehlenden Winkelmarken besteht.In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a sensor disk 10 is shown, which has a large number of angular marks 11 on its surface, which are designed as rectangular teeth. Furthermore, the encoder disk 10 has a reference mark gap 12, which consists of two missing angle marks.

Die Zahl n der Winkelmarken beträgt beim Ausführungsbeispiel 36-2, diese Zahl n läßt besonders einfache Auswertemöglichkeiten zu.In the exemplary embodiment, the number n of the angle marks is 36-2, this number n permits particularly simple evaluation options.

Die Geberscheibe 10 ist mit der Kurbelwelle 13 einer Brennkraftmaschine verbunden, es ist auch möglich, die Zahnriemenscheibe geeignet auszugestalten und als Geberscheibe zu verwenden.The encoder disc 10 is connected to the crankshaft 13 of an internal combustion engine, it is also possible to design the toothed belt pulley in a suitable manner and to use it as a encoder disc.

Abgetastet wird die Geberscheibe 10 mittels eines SensorsThe sensor disk 10 is scanned by means of a sensor

15, beispielsweise eines Induktivsensors oder eines Hallsensors, der über eine Leitung 16 mit einer Auswerteschaltung 17 verbunden ist. In der Auswerteschaltung 17 erfolgt eine Signalverstärkung sowie eine Signalaufbereitung, so daß die weitere Auswertung nach einer A/D-Wandlung im A/D-Wandler 14 in einem Mikrocomputer 18 erfolgen kann, wobei die Signalauswertung sowie die Weiterverarbeitung im Mikrocomputer beispielsweise derart erfolgen kann, wie in der EP 0 188 433 beschrieben wird.15, for example an inductive sensor or a Hall sensor, which is connected via a line 16 to an evaluation circuit 17. In the evaluation circuit 17 there is a signal amplification and a signal processing, so that the further evaluation after an A / D conversion in the A / D converter 14 can take place in a microcomputer 18, the signal evaluation and further processing in the microcomputer being able to take place, for example, as described in EP 0 188 433.

Die Auswerteschaltung 17 sowie der Mikrocomputer 18 sind üblicherweise Bestandteil des Steuergeräts 19, sie können auch separat aufgebaut sein, die Auswerteschaltung 17 kann auch entfallen, wenn die gesamte Signalverarbeitung nach einer Analog-Digital-Wandlung im Steuergerät 19 selbst erfolgt.The evaluation circuit 17 and the microcomputer 18 are usually part of the control unit 19, they can also be constructed separately, the evaluation circuit 17 can also be omitted if the entire signal processing takes place after an analog-to-digital conversion in the control unit 19 itself.

Das Vorbeilaufen der Winkelmarken 11 am Sensor 15 erzeugt in diesem eine Wechselspannung, deren Frequenz abhängig von der Drehgeschwindigkeit der Geberscheibe ist. Nach der Verarbeitung in der Auswerteschaltung 17 wird aus dieser Spannung eine Rechteckspannung U17 erhalten, wie sie in Figur 2 dargestellt ist. Diese Spannung ist dabei in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit t aufgetragen.The passing of the angular marks 11 on the sensor 15 generates an alternating voltage in the latter, the frequency of which is dependent on the rotational speed of the encoder disk. After processing in the evaluation circuit 17, a square wave voltage U 17 , as shown in FIG. 2, is obtained from this voltage. This voltage is plotted as a function of time t.

Die Rechteckspannung U17 gibt die Abfolge der einzelnen Markierungen wieder; so lange die Bezugsmarke, die zwei fehlenden Markierungen entspricht, am Sensor vorbeiläuft, wird in diesem auch keine Spannung induziert.The square wave voltage U17 shows the sequence of the individual markings; As long as the reference mark, which corresponds to two missing markings, passes the sensor, no voltage is induced in it either.

Im Mikrocomputer 18 bzw. im Steuergerät 19 erfolgt die Auswertung der Rechteckspannung, dabei werden die Abstände zwischen den einzelnen Spannungsimpulsen bestimmt, dies kann beispielsweise nach der in der EP 0 188 433 beschriebenen Methode erfolgen, bei der die zeitlichen Abstände zwischen gleichartigen Winkelmarkenflanken gemessen werden. Dies kann jedoch genauso die Zeitdauer zwischen Vorder- und Rückflanke der einzelnen Markierungen ausgewertet werden, es ist weiterhin auch eine Kombination denkbar, wobei aus der Zeit zwischen Vor- und Rückflanke ein und derselben Marke die Drehzahl bestimmt wird, die in bekannter Weise umgekehrt proportional zur Zeit ist, während zur Bezugsmarkenerkennung jeweils Vorderflanken oder jeweils die Rückflanken der einzelnen Impulse ausgewertet werden, d.h. ihre zeitliche Abstände bestimmt werden.The square-wave voltage is evaluated in the microcomputer 18 or in the control unit 19, the distances between the individual voltage pulses being determined. This can be done, for example, using the method described in EP 0 188 433, in which the time intervals between similar angle mark edges be measured. However, this can also be used to evaluate the length of time between the leading and trailing edges of the individual markings. A combination is also conceivable, the speed being determined from the time between the leading and trailing edges of one and the same mark, which in a known manner is inversely proportional to Time is while the leading edges or the trailing edges of the individual pulses are evaluated for reference mark recognition, ie their time intervals are determined.

Besonders sicher wird die Bezugsmarke erkannt, wenn mehrere zeitliche Abstände gleichartiger Winkelmarkenflanken ausgewertet werden, wenn also eine Bezugsmarke dann erkannt wird, wenn eine erste Zeit t0 deutlich kleiner als eine zweite Zeit t1 und diese deutlich größer als eine dritte Zeit t2 ist.The reference mark is detected particularly reliably if a plurality of time intervals of the same angle mark flanks are evaluated, that is if a reference mark is recognized when a first time t0 is significantly smaller than a second time t1 and this is significantly larger than a third time t2.

Nachdem die Bezugsmarke 12 erkannt ist, kann im Steuergerät 19 daraus die Stellung der Kurbelwelle ermittelt werden, da zwischen Bezugsmarke und Kurbelwellenstellung ein fester Bezug vorhanden ist.After the reference mark 12 has been recognized, the position of the crankshaft can be determined in the control unit 19 since there is a fixed reference between the reference mark and the crankshaft position.

Damit eine eindeutige Zylindererkennung möglich ist, wird dem Mikrocomputer 18 bzw. dem Steuergerät 19 zusätzlich noch ein Nockenwellensignal N eines Nockenwellensensors zugeführt, das beispielsweise aus einem Impuls pro NW-Umdrehung besteht. Die Verknüpfung von Nockenwellensignal und erkannter Bezugsmarke läßt dann eine eindeutige Zylindererkennung, beispielsweise der OT-Stellung des ersten Zylinders zu und damit bei festgelegter Zylinderabfolge auch der weiteren Zylinder zu, die dazu erforderlichen Berechnungen laufen im Mikrocomputer 18 bzw. Steuergerät 19 ab, dieses löst über Ausgänge 20 übliche Regel- bzw. Steuervorgänge aus.In order that clear cylinder recognition is possible, a additional camshaft signal N of a camshaft sensor is supplied to the microcomputer 18 or the control unit 19, which camshaft sensor consists, for example, of one pulse per NW revolution. The combination of the camshaft signal and the identified reference mark then permits unambiguous cylinder recognition, for example the TDC position of the first cylinder, and thus also the other cylinders when the cylinder sequence has been determined Outputs 20 common regulating or control processes.

Durch Abzählen der einzelnen Spannungsimpulse läßt sich daraus die obere Totpunktstellung (OT) für jeden einzelnen Zylinder berechnen, wobei beim Zweizylinder nach 18 Spannungsimpulsen der zweite Zylinder im oberen Totpunkt steht, beim Vierzylinder ist nach 9 Spannungsimpulsen der zweite Zylinder, nach 18 Spannungsimpulsen der dritte, nach 27 Spannungsimpulsen der vierte und nach 36-2 Spannungsimpulsen wieder der erste Zylinder im oberen Totpunkt. Diese einfache Zuordnung zwischen Bezugsmarke und Stellung der einzelnen Zylinder ist möglich, da bei Verwendung von (n-2) = 36-2 Zähnen und der möglichen restlosen Teilbarkeit von n = 36 durch 2, 4, 6 und 12 eine einfache Abzählung die jeweilige Zylinderlage liefert.By counting the individual voltage pulses, the top dead center position (TDC) can be calculated for each individual cylinder, whereby in the two-cylinder after 18 voltage pulses the second cylinder is at top dead center, in the four-cylinder after 9 voltage pulses the second cylinder, after 18 voltage pulses the third, after 27 voltage pulses the fourth and after 36-2 voltage pulses the first cylinder at top dead center. This simple assignment between the reference mark and the position of the individual cylinders is possible, since when (n-2) = 36-2 teeth and the possible complete divisibility of n = 36 by 2, 4, 6 and 12, the respective cylinder position is simply counted delivers.

Die in Figur 1 abgebildete Geberscheibe kann auch dahingehend modifiziert werden, daß als Zahl der Markierungen bzw. Zähne eine andere Zahl gewählt wird, wobei zu beachten ist, daß diese Zahl n durch 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 und 12 teilbar sein muß, neben 36-2 wären auch noch 60-2 oder 120-2 Markierungen vorteilhaft, da auch solche Anzahlen von Markierungen eine einfache Auswertung zulassen.The encoder disk shown in FIG. 1 can also be modified in such a way that a different number is selected as the number of markings or teeth, whereby it should be noted that this number n must be divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 12 In addition to 36-2, 60-2 or 120-2 markings would also be advantageous, since such numbers of markings also permit simple evaluation.

Bei geeigneter Verteilung der n Markierungen über dem Umfang der Geberscheibe 10 muß die Länge der Bezugsmarkenlücke nicht gleich zwei fehlenden Markierungen entsprechen, sondern kann allgemein einer Länge von m Markierungen entsprechen.With a suitable distribution of the n markings over the circumference of the sensor disk 10, the length of the reference mark gap does not have to correspond to two missing markings, but can generally correspond to a length of m markings.

Besonders günstig ist jedoch eine Geberscheibe mit 36-2 Zähnen, bei einem Scheibendurchmesser von 70 mm und einer Scheibendicke von etwa 4 mm.However, an encoder disk with 36-2 teeth, with a disk diameter of 70 mm and a disk thickness of approximately 4 mm, is particularly favorable.

Die Höhe und Breite der Markierungen bzw. der Zwischenräume zwischen den einzelnen Markierungen kann anders gestaltet sein, es kann beispielsweise die Länge der Markierungen gleich der Länge der einzelnen Zwischenräumen sein oder die Zwischenräume doppelt so lang wie die Markierungen sein. Wie die einzelnen Abstände festgelegt werden, hängt von den jeweiligen Erfordernissen ab, es ist besonders wichtig, daß die Gestaltung der Zähne bzw. der Zwischenräume eine optimale Verteilung der im Sensor 15 induzierten Spannung ergibt.The height and width of the markings or the spaces between the individual markings can be designed differently, for example the length of the markings can be the same as the length of the individual spaces or the spaces can be twice as long as the markings. How the individual distances are determined be depends on the respective requirements, it is particularly important that the design of the teeth or the spaces results in an optimal distribution of the voltage induced in the sensor 15.

Als Geberscheibe 10 wird üblicherweise eine ferromagnetische Scheibe gewählt, es ist jedoch auch möglich, eine Scheibe aus anderem Material einzusetzen und nur die Markierungen bzw. Zähne aus ferromagnetischem Material herzustellen. Der Sensor 15 ist im Ausführungsbeispiel ein Induktivsensor, es wäre auch möglich, stattdessen einen Hallsensor einzusetzen. Damit im Sensor 15 eine möglichst gut auswertbare Spannung induziert wird, kann es erforderlich sein, eine andere Geberscheibe 10a einzusetzen, wobei die der Bezugsmarke 12 vorhergehende und/oder die nachfolgende Winkelmarke 11a auf der zur Bezugsmarke hin gerichteten Seite abgeschrägt wird, wie in Figur la abgebildet ist.A ferromagnetic disk is usually selected as the encoder disk 10, but it is also possible to use a disk made of a different material and only to produce the markings or teeth from ferromagnetic material. In the exemplary embodiment, sensor 15 is an inductive sensor; it would also be possible to use a Hall sensor instead. So that a voltage that can be evaluated as well as possible is induced in the sensor 15, it may be necessary to use a different encoder disc 10a, the angle mark 11a preceding and / or following the reference mark 12 being beveled on the side facing the reference mark, as in FIG is shown.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist in Fig. lb aufgezeigt, mit gleichartigen Winkelmarken llb, die wesentlich kürzer sind als die Zwischenräume zwischen den Marken und einer Bezugsmarke 12, deren Tiefe geringer ist als die der Zwischenräume zwischen den gleichartigen Winkelmarken, außerdem sind auch Kombinationen der Vorschläge der Figur 1, 1a, 1b möglich.A further possibility is shown in Fig. Lb, with similar angle marks 11b, which are significantly shorter than the spaces between the marks and a reference mark 12, the depth of which is less than that of the spaces between the similar angle marks, and combinations of the suggestions of the Figure 1, 1a, 1b possible.

Claims (5)

  1. Device for recognising the angular position of a rotating part (13) of an internal combustion engine, having at lest one cylinder, having a pick-up disc (10) which is connected to the rotating part, has angle marks (11) evenly distributed around its periphery and a reference mark (12) formed by m missing angle marks, with the result that there are n-m angle marks (11), having a sensor which scans the angle marks (11) and generates an output signal as a function of the scanned angle marks (11), and having a processing circuit (14, 17, 18) which evaluates the temporal sequence of the output signal, characterised in that the number n is equal to 36 and thus can be divided by as many numbers as possible corresponding to the respective numbers of cylinders of the internal combustion engine and m is equal to 2.
  2. Device according to Claim 1, characterised in that the reference mark (12) is configured as a lengthened intermediate space between two angle marks (11, lla, llb) and extends over a length of two angle marks and three intermediate spaces.
  3. Device according to Claim 2, characterised in that the reference mark (12) is less deep than the gaps between the similar angle marks (11, lla, llb), preferably half as deep.
  4. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a camshaft signal (N) is supplied to the control unit (19) and time measurements take place for reference mark recognition.
  5. Device according to Claim 4, characterised in that counting procedures take place in the control unit (19) after recognition of the reference mark (12), flanks of the voltage pulses (U17) being analysed and conclusions on the position of the individual cylinders being drawn from the number of voltage pulses counted.
EP92919479A 1991-10-10 1992-09-19 Device for detecting the angular position of a rotating component Expired - Lifetime EP0607177B1 (en)

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DE4133570A DE4133570C1 (en) 1991-10-10 1991-10-10
DE4133570 1991-10-10
PCT/DE1992/000805 WO1993007449A1 (en) 1991-10-10 1992-09-19 Device for detecting the angular position of a rotating component

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EP0607177A1 EP0607177A1 (en) 1994-07-27
EP0607177B1 true EP0607177B1 (en) 1996-06-19

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EP (1) EP0607177B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH07500164A (en)
AU (1) AU2559092A (en)
DE (2) DE4133570C1 (en)
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WO (1) WO1993007449A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2089559T3 (en) 1996-10-01
EP0607177A1 (en) 1994-07-27
DE4133570C1 (en) 1992-12-24
AU2559092A (en) 1993-05-03
JPH07500164A (en) 1995-01-05
DE59206625D1 (en) 1996-07-25
US5497748A (en) 1996-03-12
WO1993007449A1 (en) 1993-04-15

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