EP0606587A1 - Light weight armour - Google Patents

Light weight armour Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0606587A1
EP0606587A1 EP93119732A EP93119732A EP0606587A1 EP 0606587 A1 EP0606587 A1 EP 0606587A1 EP 93119732 A EP93119732 A EP 93119732A EP 93119732 A EP93119732 A EP 93119732A EP 0606587 A1 EP0606587 A1 EP 0606587A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armor
layer
metal layer
fiber composite
armor element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP93119732A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hermann Klier
Armin Haller
Peter Krück
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
Original Assignee
Deutsche Aerospace AG
Daimler Benz Aerospace AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deutsche Aerospace AG, Daimler Benz Aerospace AG filed Critical Deutsche Aerospace AG
Publication of EP0606587A1 publication Critical patent/EP0606587A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • F41H5/0457—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics
    • F41H5/0464—Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics the additional layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to armor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to improve the protective effect of the armor of the type mentioned at the outset without having to accept higher grammages and greater structural depths.
  • the measures taken according to the invention can be easily implemented. If this happens, the result is a light and compact armor of versatile use. Their particular suitability for a wide range of uses can be explained by their high protection value against such diverse loads as bombardment with hard core ammunition, blast pressure and the impact of explosive-shaped projectiles on the one hand, and from a drastically reduced secondary splinter formation on the other hand, without this having a basis weight of more than 85 kg / m2 and a depth of more than 75 mm.
  • the share of metal layers in the total mass of the respective armor element as well as the thickness ratio between the fiber composite layers of the first and second armor element are of significant importance.
  • the metal layer of the first armor element preferably one made of high-hard armor steel, a mass fraction of 65% to 75% is recommended in order to counteract bombardment with hard-core ammunition extremely effectively in interaction with the upstream air gap. Where the latter applies, the risk of injury from secondary splinters, such as arise from the metal layer of the first armor element in the event of shaped charge or flat charge, can be eliminated or at least drastically reduced.
  • a mass fraction of 25% to 35% for the metal layer of the second armor element, preferably that of less hard armor steel, in connection with the upstream air gap has proven to be very effective, especially if a layer thickness ratio of 0.4 up to 0.6 to 1.0 to 1.3 between the fiber composite part of the first armor element and the fiber composite part of the second armor element is realized. This means that there are no noticeable bulges or dents on the back of the second armor element, as shelling tests have shown.
  • the single figure shows, in the form of a schematic diagram, an outer skin section of an object to be protected, for example a body panel part 1 of a passenger car.
  • an armor element 3 is arranged in an air gap 2 from the inside of the sheet.
  • It is composed of a metal layer 4 facing the sheet metal part 1 and a form-fitting fiber composite layer 5.
  • the metal layer 4 those made of 8 mm armor steel with a Rockwell C hardness of around 61.
  • the fiber composite layer 5 assigned to this consists, for. B. made of polyethylene pressed high-performance fibers. Their layer thickness is chosen so that the metal layer 4 accounts for 65% to 75% of the total mass of the armor element 3.
  • the fiber composite layer 9 exceeds the fiber composite layer designated 5 in a way that the mass fraction of the layer 8 in the armoring element 7 is 25% to 35% remains limited and the layer thickness ratio of fiber composite layer 5 to fiber composite layer 9 is in the range from 0.4 to 0.6 to 1.0 to 1.3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to light-weight armour of multilayer construction. This includes two armour elements (3, 7). One armour element (3) is arranged on the inside of an outer skin (1) of an object to be protected, with an air gap (2). It consists of a very hard metal layer (4) facing the outer skin (1) and of a fibre-composite layer (5) adjacent to it. A metal layer (8) is located in an air gap (6) to the fibre-composite layer (5), which metal layer (8) is less hard and also has a smaller layer thickness than the metal layer (4) of the armour element (3) already described. Together with a fibre-composite layer (9), it in turn forms the other armour element (7), this fibre-composite layer (9) having a greater layer thickness than that (5) of the armour element designated by (3). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Panzerung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to armor according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bekannt sind solche Panzerungen u. a. aus der EP-A-0479902. Sie lassen bislang überall dort zu wünschen übrig, wo limitierte Flächengewichte und beschränkte Bautiefen gefordert sind und zugleich größter Wert sowohl auf hohe Beschußsicherheit als auch auf starke Bindung von Sekundärsplittern gelegt wird.Such armouring is known. a. from EP-A-0479902. So far, they have left something to be desired where limited basis weights and limited installation depths are required and at the same time great importance is attached to both high bullet resistance and strong bonding of secondary fragments.

Aufgabe vorliegender Erfindung ist es daher, Panzerungen eingangs genannter Gattung hinsichtlich ihres Schutzeffektes zu verbessern, ohne daß höhere Flächengewichte und größere Bautiefen in Kauf genommen werden müssen.The object of the present invention is therefore to improve the protective effect of the armor of the type mentioned at the outset without having to accept higher grammages and greater structural depths.

Die Aufgabe ist gemäß der Erfindung durch die im kennzeichnenden Teil des Patentanspruches 1 angegebenen Merkmale gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den Unteransprüchen.The object is achieved according to the invention by the features specified in the characterizing part of patent claim 1. Further advantageous refinements can be found in the subclaims.

Die erfindungsgemäß ergriffenen Maßnahmen lassen sich ohne weiteres realisieren. Geschieht dies, ist das Ergebnis eine leicht und kompakt ausfallende Panzerung von vielseitiger Verwendbarkeit. Deren besondere Eignung für ein breites Einsatzspektrum erklärt sich aus ihrem hohen Schutzwert gegen so verschiedenartige Belastungen wie Beschuß mit Hartkernmunition, Blastdruck und Einwirkung sprenggeformter Projektile einerseits und aus einer drastisch reduzierten Sekundärsplitterbildung andererseits, und zwar ohne daß es hierzu eines Flächengewichts von mehr als 85 kg/m² und einer Bautiefe von mehr als 75 mm bedarf.The measures taken according to the invention can be easily implemented. If this happens, the result is a light and compact armor of versatile use. Their particular suitability for a wide range of uses can be explained by their high protection value against such diverse loads as bombardment with hard core ammunition, blast pressure and the impact of explosive-shaped projectiles on the one hand, and from a drastically reduced secondary splinter formation on the other hand, without this having a basis weight of more than 85 kg / m² and a depth of more than 75 mm.

Wesentliche Bedeutung kommt hierbei sowohl dem Anteil der Metallschichten an der Gesamtmasse des jeweiligen Panzerungselementes als auch dem Dickenverhältnis zwischen den Faserverbundschichten des ersten und zweiten Panzerungselementes zu. So empfiehlt sich für die Metallschicht des ersten Panzerungselementes, vorzugsweise eine solche aus hochhartem Panzerstahl, besonders ein Massenanteil von 65 % bis 75 %, um im Wechselspiel mit dem vorgeordneten Luftspalt einem Beschuß mit Hartkernmunition äußerst wirksam zu begegnen. Wo letzteres zutrifft, läßt sich zugleich das Verletzungsrisiko durch Sekundärsplitter, wie sie bei Hohlladungs- oder Flachladungseinwirkung aus der Metallschicht des ersten Panzerungselementes entstehen, denkbar einfach eliminieren oder zumindest drastisch reduzieren. Als sehr effektvoll hat sich diesbezüglich ein Massenanteil von 25 % bis 35 % für die Metallschicht des zweiten Panzerungselementes, vorzugsweise eine solche aus weniger hartem Panzerstahl, in Verbindung mit dem vorgeordneten Luftspalt erwiesen, und zwar vor allem dann, wenn ein Schichtdickenverhältnis von 0,4 bis 0,6 zu 1,0 bis 1,3 zwischen dem Faserverbundteil des ersten Panzerungselementes und dem Faserverbundteil des zweiten Panzerungselementes zur Realisierung gelangt. Damit kommt es auf der Rückseite des zweiten Panzerungselementes - wie Beschußprüfungen ergeben haben - auch nicht zu nennenswerten Ausleibungen oder Beulen.The share of metal layers in the total mass of the respective armor element as well as the thickness ratio between the fiber composite layers of the first and second armor element are of significant importance. For the metal layer of the first armor element, preferably one made of high-hard armor steel, a mass fraction of 65% to 75% is recommended in order to counteract bombardment with hard-core ammunition extremely effectively in interaction with the upstream air gap. Where the latter applies, the risk of injury from secondary splinters, such as arise from the metal layer of the first armor element in the event of shaped charge or flat charge, can be eliminated or at least drastically reduced. In this regard, a mass fraction of 25% to 35% for the metal layer of the second armor element, preferably that of less hard armor steel, in connection with the upstream air gap has proven to be very effective, especially if a layer thickness ratio of 0.4 up to 0.6 to 1.0 to 1.3 between the fiber composite part of the first armor element and the fiber composite part of the second armor element is realized. This means that there are no noticeable bulges or dents on the back of the second armor element, as shelling tests have shown.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiels näher beschrieben.The invention is described in more detail below with the aid of a schematically illustrated exemplary embodiment.

Die einzige Figur zeigt in Form einer Prinzipskizze einen Außenhautabschnitt eines zu schützenden Objektes, beispielsweise ein Karosserieblechteil 1 eines Personenkraftwagens. In einem Luftabstand 2 von der Blechinnenseite, dessen Abstandsweite z. B. 3 mm beträgt, ist ein Panzerungselement 3 angeordnet. Es setzt sich zusammen aus einer dem Blechteil 1 zugewandten Metallschicht 4 und einer damit formschlüssigen Faserverbundschicht 5. Als Metallschicht 4 fungiert beispielsweise eine solche aus 8 mm Panzerstahl von einer Rockwell-C-Härte um 61. Die dieser zugeordnete Faserverbundschicht 5 besteht z. B. aus Polyethylen verpreßten Hochleistungsfasern. Ihre Schichtdicke ist dabei so gewählt, daß von der Gesamtmasse des Panzerungselementes 3 65 % bis 75 % auf die Metallschicht 4 entfallen.The single figure shows, in the form of a schematic diagram, an outer skin section of an object to be protected, for example a body panel part 1 of a passenger car. In an air gap 2 from the inside of the sheet, the distance between z. B. is 3 mm, an armor element 3 is arranged. It is composed of a metal layer 4 facing the sheet metal part 1 and a form-fitting fiber composite layer 5. For example, one functions as the metal layer 4 those made of 8 mm armor steel with a Rockwell C hardness of around 61. The fiber composite layer 5 assigned to this consists, for. B. made of polyethylene pressed high-performance fibers. Their layer thickness is chosen so that the metal layer 4 accounts for 65% to 75% of the total mass of the armor element 3.

In einem Luftabstand 6 von z.B. 18 mm zur Faserverbundschicht 5 des vorbeschriebenen Panzerungselementes 3 befindet sich ein weiteres Panzerungselement 7 aus einer Metallschicht 8 und einer Faserverbundschicht 9, die wiederum aus Polyethylen verpreßten Hochleistungsfasern aufgebaut sein kann. Für die Schicht 8 ist diesmal allerdings auf einen relativ zähen Panzerstahl oder dergleichen Metall zurückgegriffen worden. Mit beispielsweise 3 mm Dicke ist dieselbe auch wesentlich dünner ausgebildet als im Fall des erstbeschriebenen Panzerungselementes 3. Dafür übertrifft die Faserverbundschicht 9 die mit 5 bezeichnete Faserverbundschicht in einer Weise an Dicke, daß der Massenanteil der Schicht 8 am Panzerungselement 7 auf 25 % bis 35 % beschränkt bleibt und das Schichtdickenverhältnis von Faserverbundschicht 5 zur Faserverbundschicht 9 im Bereich von 0,4 bis 0,6 zu 1,0 bis 1,3 liegt.At an air gap 6 of e.g. 18 mm to the fiber composite layer 5 of the armor element 3 described above, there is another armor element 7 made of a metal layer 8 and a fiber composite layer 9, which in turn can be constructed from high-performance fibers pressed by polyethylene. This time, however, a relatively tough armor steel or similar metal has been used for layer 8. With a thickness of 3 mm, for example, it is also made much thinner than in the case of the armoring element 3 described first. For this purpose, the fiber composite layer 9 exceeds the fiber composite layer designated 5 in a way that the mass fraction of the layer 8 in the armoring element 7 is 25% to 35% remains limited and the layer thickness ratio of fiber composite layer 5 to fiber composite layer 9 is in the range from 0.4 to 0.6 to 1.0 to 1.3.

Claims (8)

Leichtpanzerung in Mehrschichtbauweise, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß auf der Innenseite einer Außenhaut (1) eines zu schützenden Objektes, wie Personenkraftwagen, mit einem Luftabstand (2) hierzu ein erstes Panzerungselement (3) aus einer der Außenhaut (1) zugewandten hochharten Metallschicht (4) und einer daran angrenzenden Faserverbundschicht (5) angeordnet ist und in einem Luftabstand (6) zur Faserverbundschicht (5) des ersten Panzerungselementes (3) eine dieser zugewandte weitere Metallschicht (8) mit einer weiteren angrenzenden Faserverbundschicht (9) ein zweites Panzerungselement (7) bildet, wobei die Metallschicht (8) des zweiten Panzerungselementes (7) im Vergleich zu derjenigen (4) des ersten Panzerungselementes (3) sowohl von niedrigerer Härte als auch von geringerer Schichtstärke ist und die Faserverbundschicht (9) des zweiten Panzerungselementes (7) eine größere Schichtstärke aufweist als diejenige (5) des ersten Panzerungselementes (3).Light armor in multi-layer construction, characterized in that on the inside of an outer skin (1) of an object to be protected, such as a passenger car, with an air gap (2), a first armor element (3) made of a highly hard metal layer (4) facing the outer skin (1). and an adjoining fiber composite layer (5) is arranged and, in an air gap (6) to the fiber composite layer (5) of the first armor element (3), a further metal layer (8) facing it with a further adjacent fiber composite layer (9) a second armor element (7) forms, the metal layer (8) of the second armor element (7) compared to that (4) of the first armor element (3) both of lower hardness and less layer thickness and the fiber composite layer (9) of the second armor element (7) one has a greater layer thickness than that (5) of the first armor element (3). Leichtpanzerung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallschicht (4 bzw. 8) beim ersten Panzerungselement (3) einen Massenanteil im Größenordnungsbereich von 65 % bis 75 % und beim zweiten Panzerungselement (7) einen Massenanteil im Größenordnungsbereich von 25 % bis 35 % aufweist.Light armor according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal layer (4 or 8) in the first armor element (3) has a mass fraction in the order of magnitude of 65% to 75% and in the second armor element (7) has a mass fraction in the order of 25% to 35% having. Leichtpanzerung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Metallschicht (4) des ersten Panzerungselementes (3) aus einem Panzerstahl hoher Härte und die Metallschicht (8) des zweiten Panzerungselementes (7) aus einem weniger harten Panzerstahl bestehen.Light armor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the metal layer (4) of the first armor element (3) consists of a steel armor of high hardness and the metal layer (8) of the second armor element (7) consists of a less hard armor steel. Leichtpanzerung nach Anspruch 1, gekennzeichnet durch ein Schichtdickenverhältnis von 0,4 bis 0,6 zu 1,0 bis 1,3 zwischen der Faserverbundschicht (5) des ersten Panzerungselementes (3) und der Faserverbundschicht (9) des zweiten Panzerungselementes (7).Light armor according to claim 1, characterized by a layer thickness ratio of 0.4 to 0.6 to 1.0 to 1.3 between the fiber composite layer (5) of the first armor element (3) and the fiber composite layer (9) of the second armor element (7). Leichtpanzerung nach Anspruch 1 oder 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß mit Polyethylen verpreßte Hochleistungsfasern die Faserverbundschichten (5, 9) der Panzerungselemente (3, 7) bilden.Light armor according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that high-performance fibers pressed with polyethylene form the fiber composite layers (5, 9) of the armor elements (3, 7). Leichtpanzerung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Luftabstand (2) zwischen der Außenhaut (1) des zu schützenden Objektes und der Metallschicht (4) des ersten Panzerungselementes (3) einen Bruchteil des Luftabstandes (6) zwischen der Faserverbundschicht (5) des ersten Panzerungselementes (3) und der Metallschicht (8) des zweiten Panzerungselementes (9) beträgt.Light armor according to claim 1, characterized in that the air gap (2) between the outer skin (1) of the object to be protected and the metal layer (4) of the first armor element (3) is a fraction of the air gap (6) between the fiber composite layer (5) of the first armor element (3) and the metal layer (8) of the second armor element (9). Leichtpanzerung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch ein Flächengewicht von maximal 85 kg/m².Light armor according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized by a weight per unit area of at most 85 kg / m². Leichtpanzerung nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, gekennzeichnet durch eine Bautiefe von maximal 75 mm.Light armor according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized by a maximum depth of 75 mm.
EP93119732A 1993-01-14 1993-12-08 Light weight armour Withdrawn EP0606587A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4300746 1993-01-14
DE19934300746 DE4300746C2 (en) 1993-01-14 1993-01-14 Light armor

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EP0606587A1 true EP0606587A1 (en) 1994-07-20

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1550836A1 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-07-06 Andrew D. Park Non-ceramic hard armor composite
GB2416388A (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-25 Gerald Robert Gilmer Michaluk Projectile fragmenting armour
EP3919852A1 (en) * 2020-06-04 2021-12-08 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG Secondary splitter protection

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19632598C1 (en) * 1996-08-13 1997-12-11 Daimler Benz Ag Multilayer light armour especially for cars
DE19716402A1 (en) * 1997-04-18 1998-10-22 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Security vehicle with at least one target
AU3246299A (en) 1998-01-29 1999-08-16 Audi A.G. Armoring element, especially for security vehicles
DE19832255A1 (en) 1998-07-17 2000-01-27 Sachsenring Entwicklungsgesell Lightweight armor, e.g. for security vehicles, comprises at least two different fiber laminate layers which can be molded three-dimensionally.

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DE2642883A1 (en) * 1976-09-23 1978-03-30 Elteka Kunststoff Projectile-stopping composite material - contg. steel plates, aramid fibre webs and layers of polyamide 12
FR2425046A1 (en) * 1978-05-03 1979-11-30 Saint Louis Inst Bullet-proof shields of hard sheet metal backed by resin bonded fibres - to inhibit penetration by soft pointed bullets
DE3226476A1 (en) * 1982-07-15 1988-07-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Protective wall structure for armoured vehicles
WO1991000490A1 (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-01-10 Allied-Signal Inc. Ballistic-resistant composite article

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Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2642883A1 (en) * 1976-09-23 1978-03-30 Elteka Kunststoff Projectile-stopping composite material - contg. steel plates, aramid fibre webs and layers of polyamide 12
FR2425046A1 (en) * 1978-05-03 1979-11-30 Saint Louis Inst Bullet-proof shields of hard sheet metal backed by resin bonded fibres - to inhibit penetration by soft pointed bullets
DE3226476A1 (en) * 1982-07-15 1988-07-14 Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm Protective wall structure for armoured vehicles
WO1991000490A1 (en) * 1989-06-30 1991-01-10 Allied-Signal Inc. Ballistic-resistant composite article

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1550836A1 (en) * 2003-12-09 2005-07-06 Andrew D. Park Non-ceramic hard armor composite
GB2416388A (en) * 2004-07-16 2006-01-25 Gerald Robert Gilmer Michaluk Projectile fragmenting armour
GB2416388B (en) * 2004-07-16 2007-10-17 Gerald Robert Gilmer Michaluk Two layer armour with spacer arrangement
EP3919852A1 (en) * 2020-06-04 2021-12-08 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG Secondary splitter protection

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Publication number Publication date
DE4300746C2 (en) 1995-10-26
DE4300746A1 (en) 1994-07-21

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