EP0603529A1 - Antenna system with helical feeders - Google Patents
Antenna system with helical feeders Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0603529A1 EP0603529A1 EP93118255A EP93118255A EP0603529A1 EP 0603529 A1 EP0603529 A1 EP 0603529A1 EP 93118255 A EP93118255 A EP 93118255A EP 93118255 A EP93118255 A EP 93118255A EP 0603529 A1 EP0603529 A1 EP 0603529A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- radiation
- antenna system
- reception
- helix
- helical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 101710195281 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710143415 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710181042 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 1A, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710091905 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 2, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710095244 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein 3, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710127489 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type 1 Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710184917 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein of LHCII type I, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 101710102593 Chlorophyll a-b binding protein, chloroplastic Proteins 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 9
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- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
- H01Q11/08—Helical antennas
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/24—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction
- H01Q21/245—Combinations of antenna units polarised in different directions for transmitting or receiving circularly and elliptically polarised waves or waves linearly polarised in any direction provided with means for varying the polarisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna system using a helical antenna for the reception of radiofrequencies and especially for the reception of microwaves.
- a helical antenna consists of a single conductor or multiple conductors wound into a helical shape. Beside some other possible modes a helical antenna is normally used in a so-called axial mode or in a normal mode.
- the axial mode provides maximum radiation along the helix axis, which occurs when the helix circumference is of the order of one wavelength.
- the normal mode which yields radiation broadside to the helix axis, occurs when the helix diameter is small with respect to a wavelength.
- the axial mode is of special interest.
- US-patent 3 184 747 presents a coaxial feed helical antenna which has a director disk between feed and helix producing endfire radiation towards the disk.
- the dimensions of the helix for such an antenna system are given.
- US 4 742 359 presents an antenna system using a helical antenna with two ends where the first end is linked to a feeder line.
- a helical antenna may be built as a so-called endfire helical antenna, where under maximum received power conditions the direction of the signal power flow at the said first end is in the same direction as the received radiation.
- a helical antenna can also be built as a so-called backfire helical antenna, where under maximum received power conditions the direction of the signal power flow at the said first end is in the opposite direction to the received radiation.
- an antenna system which comprises a reflector, a primary helical antenna having a coil with a pair of ends, said coil located at the focal point of said reflector so that the axis of the helical antanna coincides essentially with the axis of said reflector.
- a feeder line couples the antenna system with an external circuit, so that said primary helical antenna represents a backfire helical antenna coupled with said feeder line at the nearer end from said reflector and the other end of the helical antenna is free standing, and said feeder line is a coaxial cable.
- a helix wound like a right-hand screw receives right-hand circular polarization
- a helix wound like a left-hand screw receives left-hand polarization.
- known systems for the reception of different circular polarizations have two or more helices.
- known systems for the reception of linear polarized radiation use two or more helices wound in opposite directions. These helices can be provided side by side or can be connected in series.
- Such a known antenna system for the reception of different polarizations is quite bulky.
- concentration means e.g. such as a parabolic reflector, a dielectric lens or thelike
- the helical antenna, or more precisely its phase center must be coincident with the focal point of the concentration means, for each sens of polarization.
- concentration means e.g. such as a parabolic reflector, a dielectric lens or thelike
- the polarization, lefthand-circular, righthand-circular or linear, of a signal to be received can be changed by connecting an according end of a coil used as helical antenna to a feeder line.
- a first circular polarization e.g. right-hand
- the helix is working in axial endfire mode.
- the helix is connected such that it works in axial backfire mode.
- a reflector 10 which can be shaped parabolically or thelike, focusses an incoming radiation (not shown) at its focal point.
- a helix 11 provided, which is built by a conductor wound in the shape of a coil with a helix-length of about lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of the radiation to be received.
- the helix 11 has a first end 12, distance between it and the reflector 10 depends on f/D, wherein f is the focal length of the focussing system, here reflector 10, and D is the diameter of the said focussing system.
- a second end 13 of the helix 11 is farer away from the reflector 10 than the first end 12.
- the first end 12 of the helix 11 can be connected via a first switching device 14 with an inner conductor 15 of a feeder line 16.
- the second end 13 can be connected via a second switching device 17 with the inner conductor 15.
- a phase-shifter device 18 is provided to realise a connection between the inner conductor 15 and an outer conductor 16a of the feeder line 16 in the area of the middle of the helix 11.
- the switching devices 14 and 17 are realised as switching diodes. It may be mentioned that all other kinds off switches are possible, like relays, transistors, etc.
- the phase-shifter device 18 is realised in this embodiment by a transmission type as diode phaser. It may be mentioned that also any other kinds of phaser are possible.
- the switching devices are controlled by means of control signals S1, S2 and the phase-shifting device is controlled by means of signal S3.
- These signals S1, S2, S3 are supplied by an electronic control unit 19, which gets according information from an input device 20.
- filters 21 provided which block the signals received by the helix 11 from the control unit 19.
- the signals received by the helix 11 are led by the feeder line 16 to further electronic components, which are indicated by the block 22 and may include a low noise converter (LNC), mixers, oscillators, amplifiers and thelike and process information of said received signals such that according sound and/or pictures are generated.
- LNC low noise converter
- a flat reflector 23 provided which is shaped as a disc with a diameter in the range of about half lambda to 3/4 lambda.
- a director 24 with a diameter of about third lambda is provided between the helix 11 and the parabolic reflector 10.
- the reflector 23 and the director 24 can e.g. also be shaped as a rectangular plate or thelike.
- the direction of circular polarization of a radiation to be received is inversed by each reflection, e.g. at the parabolic reflector 10. This means an odd number of reflections result in an opposite circular polarization and an even-number of reflections result in the original polarization sense.
- phase shift realised by the phase shifter 18 is not relevant. This means any phase shift state can be taken.
- phase shift states are determined by the physical parameters of the phaser 18 and selectable by a control signal which could be a DC-voltage with according values.
- the antenna system shown in fig. 1 can be taken e.g. for the reception of television signals transmitted from a satellite.
- a viewer wants to select TV-signals with a first circular polarization, he inputs according information via the input device 20 which gives an according signal to the control unit 19.
- This controls the devices 14, 17, 18 such that the switching device 14 is "on” and the switching device 17 is "off”.
- the first end 12 of the helix 11 is connected with the inner conductor 15, the helix 11 is working in the axial backfire mode and a radiation with a first circular polarization, e.g. left-hand, is preferably received.
- the switching device 14 For the reception of the opposite circular polarization, e.g. right-hand, the switching device 14 is “off” and the switching device 17 is "on”. Thereby the helix 11 works in the axial endfire mode and the left-hand circular polarization can be received.
- phase difference between the two circular polarizations.
- This phase difference is controlled with the aid of the phase-shifter device 18, which is realised in this embodiment as a transmission diode.
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Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to an antenna system using a helical antenna for the reception of radiofrequencies and especially for the reception of microwaves.
- A helical antenna consists of a single conductor or multiple conductors wound into a helical shape. Beside some other possible modes a helical antenna is normally used in a so-called axial mode or in a normal mode. The axial mode provides maximum radiation along the helix axis, which occurs when the helix circumference is of the order of one wavelength. The normal mode which yields radiation broadside to the helix axis, occurs when the helix diameter is small with respect to a wavelength. For the application according to the present invention the axial mode is of special interest.
- The use of helical antennas for such antenna systems are widely known. For example US-patent 3 184 747 presents a coaxial feed helical antenna which has a director disk between feed and helix producing endfire radiation towards the disk. In this US-patent the dimensions of the helix for such an antenna system are given.
- US 4 742 359 presents an antenna system using a helical antenna with two ends where the first end is linked to a feeder line. For the purpose of the following explanation it is understood that the said feeder line is aligned with the axis of the said helical antenna. Such a helical antenna may be built as a so-called endfire helical antenna, where under maximum received power conditions the direction of the signal power flow at the said first end is in the same direction as the received radiation. Such a helical antenna can also be built as a so-called backfire helical antenna, where under maximum received power conditions the direction of the signal power flow at the said first end is in the opposite direction to the received radiation.
- In said US patent an antenna system is presented, which comprises a reflector, a primary helical antenna having a coil with a pair of ends, said coil located at the focal point of said reflector so that the axis of the helical antanna coincides essentially with the axis of said reflector. A feeder line couples the antenna system with an external circuit, so that said primary helical antenna represents a backfire helical antenna coupled with said feeder line at the nearer end from said reflector and the other end of the helical antenna is free standing, and said feeder line is a coaxial cable.
- It is further known from the international publication WO 92/13373 to use one or more helical feeders together with a dielectric lens. Thereby signals from several directions can be received simultaneously.
- In the axial mode a helix wound like a right-hand screw receives right-hand circular polarization, while a helix wound like a left-hand screw receives left-hand polarization. This means known systems for the reception of different circular polarizations have two or more helices. For the reception of linear polarized radiation known systems use two or more helices wound in opposite directions. These helices can be provided side by side or can be connected in series.
- Such a known antenna system for the reception of different polarizations is quite bulky. When such feeders are used together with concentration means, e.g. such as a parabolic reflector, a dielectric lens or thelike, the helical antenna, or more precisely its phase center, must be coincident with the focal point of the concentration means, for each sens of polarization. Using two separate helices is sometimes inacceptable in a point of view of gain degradation and/or mutual coupling between the two opposite polarized helices due to inevitable defocussing and/or proximity.
- It is an object of the present invention to provide a compact antenna system, for receiving several electromagnetical, preferably microwave, signals with different polarizations.
- This can be realized by an antenna system according to claim 1.
- According to the invention the polarization, lefthand-circular, righthand-circular or linear, of a signal to be received can be changed by connecting an according end of a coil used as helical antenna to a feeder line.
- When a first circular polarization, e.g. right-hand, is to be received the helix is working in axial endfire mode. For receiving the opposite circular polarization, the helix is connected such that it works in axial backfire mode.
- This has the advantage that just one helix is used for an antenna system according to the invention. Thereby the phase centers of the two opposite circular polarizations can be very close to each other, ideally coincident, and the above mentioned problems of state of the art systems can be avoided.
- Further characteristics, advantages and details of the invention will be explained in the followings embodiments with the aid of the drawing. Therein
- Fig. 1
- shows a preferred embodiment.
- In Fig. 1 a
reflector 10, which can be shaped parabolically or thelike, focusses an incoming radiation (not shown) at its focal point. Along the axis of thereflector 10 and in the area of its focal point there is ahelix 11 provided, which is built by a conductor wound in the shape of a coil with a helix-length of about lambda, wherein lambda is the wavelength of the radiation to be received. Thehelix 11 has afirst end 12, distance between it and thereflector 10 depends on f/D, wherein f is the focal length of the focussing system, herereflector 10, and D is the diameter of the said focussing system. - A second end 13 of the
helix 11 is farer away from thereflector 10 than thefirst end 12. Thefirst end 12 of thehelix 11 can be connected via afirst switching device 14 with aninner conductor 15 of afeeder line 16. The second end 13 can be connected via a second switching device 17 with theinner conductor 15. A phase-shifter device 18 is provided to realise a connection between theinner conductor 15 and an outer conductor 16a of thefeeder line 16 in the area of the middle of thehelix 11. - In this embodiment the
switching devices 14 and 17 are realised as switching diodes. It may be mentioned that all other kinds off switches are possible, like relays, transistors, etc. The phase-shifter device 18 is realised in this embodiment by a transmission type as diode phaser. It may be mentioned that also any other kinds of phaser are possible. - The switching devices are controlled by means of control signals S1, S2 and the phase-shifting device is controlled by means of signal S3. These signals S1, S2, S3 are supplied by an
electronic control unit 19, which gets according information from aninput device 20. Between thecontrol unit 19 and thedevices filters 21 provided which block the signals received by thehelix 11 from thecontrol unit 19. - The signals received by the
helix 11 are led by thefeeder line 16 to further electronic components, which are indicated by theblock 22 and may include a low noise converter (LNC), mixers, oscillators, amplifiers and thelike and process information of said received signals such that according sound and/or pictures are generated. - At the end of the
helix 11 there is aflat reflector 23 provided which is shaped as a disc with a diameter in the range of about
half lambda to 3/4 lambda. - A
director 24 with a diameter of about third lambda is provided between thehelix 11 and theparabolic reflector 10. Thereflector 23 and thedirector 24 can e.g. also be shaped as a rectangular plate or thelike. - As indicated in fig. 1 the
helix 11 is wound right-hand. For the explanation of the function of the embodiment of fig. 1 the following table 1 may be useful.Table 1 switch 14switch 17 phase shifter 18RHCP off on --- LHCP on off --- VLP on on +90° HLP on on -90° with
RHCP : right-hand circular polarizatio
LHCP : left-hand circular polarization
VLP : vertical linear plarization
HLP : horizontal linear polarization - Concerning the polarization to be received the following may be mentioned. The direction of circular polarization of a radiation to be received is inversed by each reflection, e.g. at the
parabolic reflector 10. This means an odd number of reflections result in an opposite circular polarization and an even-number of reflections result in the original polarization sense. - For the reception of circular polarization, RHCP or LHCP respectively, the phase shift realised by the
phase shifter 18 is not relevant. This means any phase shift state can be taken. For the reception of a circular polarization, only two discrete phase shift states, +90° and -90° respectively, are needed. These states are determined by the physical parameters of thephaser 18 and selectable by a control signal which could be a DC-voltage with according values. - The antenna system shown in fig. 1 can be taken e.g. for the reception of television signals transmitted from a satellite. When a viewer wants to select TV-signals with a first circular polarization, he inputs according information via the
input device 20 which gives an according signal to thecontrol unit 19. This controls thedevices device 14 is "on" and the switching device 17 is "off". Thereby thefirst end 12 of thehelix 11 is connected with theinner conductor 15, thehelix 11 is working in the axial backfire mode and a radiation with a first circular polarization, e.g. left-hand, is preferably received. - For the reception of the opposite circular polarization, e.g. right-hand, the switching
device 14 is "off" and the switching device 17 is "on". Thereby thehelix 11 works in the axial endfire mode and the left-hand circular polarization can be received. - For the reception of signals with linear polarization both
switches 14, 17 are controlled in such a way that they are "on". Thereby the axial endfire mode and the backfire mode are simultaneously excited with equal amplitude. The combination of the two orthogonal circular polarizations result in a linear polarization radiated towards thereflector 10. - The direction of this resulting radiation is fixed by a phase difference between the two circular polarizations. This phase difference is controlled with the aid of the phase-
shifter device 18, which is realised in this embodiment as a transmission diode. - Versions of the described embodiment may include at least one of the following variations:
- instead of the
switches 14, 17 a fixed connection between theends 12, 13 of thehelix 11 and theinner conductor 15 may be provided. Thereby it is possible to receive just the signals with linear polarization, like vertical (VLP) or horizontal (HLP); - if just the reception of circular polarization is required, an antenna system without the phase-shifting
device 18 can be realised; - instead of using the
parabolic reflector 10 other means for concentrating a radiation to be received can be taken. Such concentration can be achieved by diffraction, refraction and/or reflection. A preferred concentration means using refraction is a dielectric lens, which can be a spherical or hemi-sperical Luneburg-type lens or thelike. In such cases one or more helices can be provided which are located in the area of the according focal point.
Claims (4)
- Antenna system for the reception of electromagnetic radiation from one or more directions, each of said radiation may have different polarization directions, said antenna system having concentration means (10) and one or more helical antennas (11), each of them provided in the area where the according radiation is focussed by the concentration means (10), characterised in that control means (19) are provided which control switching means (14, 17) such that the helical antenna (11) is working in a backfire mode for the reception of a first circular polarization (e.g. RHCP) and that the helical antenna (11) is working in an endfire mode for the reception of the opposite circular polarization (e.g. LHCP).
- Antenna system according to claim 1, characterised in that the control means (19) can drive the switching means (14, 17) simultaneously whereby radiation with a linear polarization can be received and that a phase-shifting device (18) is provided which can be controlled by the control means (19) and by which the linear polarization direction, e.g. horizontal or vertical, can be selected.
- Antenna system for the reception of electromagnetic radiation from one or more directions, each of said radiation may have different polarization directions, said antenna system having concentration means (10) and one or more helical antennas (11), each of them provided in the area where the according radiation is focussed by the concentration means (10), and at least one of the helical antennas (11) working simultaneously in the axial backfire mode and in the axial endfire mode, characterised in that control means (19) are provided which control a phase-shifting device (18) by which a linear polarization direction, e.g. horizontal or vertical, can be selected.
- Antenna system according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that said concentration means (10) focus the radiation to be received with the aid of refraction, diffraction and/or reflection.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19930118255 EP0603529B1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-11 | Antenna system with helical feeders |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92403535 | 1992-12-22 | ||
EP92403535 | 1992-12-22 | ||
EP19930118255 EP0603529B1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-11 | Antenna system with helical feeders |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0603529A1 true EP0603529A1 (en) | 1994-06-29 |
EP0603529B1 EP0603529B1 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
Family
ID=26132453
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19930118255 Expired - Lifetime EP0603529B1 (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1993-11-11 | Antenna system with helical feeders |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP0603529B1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4494117A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1985-01-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual sense, circularly polarized helical antenna |
US4862184A (en) * | 1987-02-06 | 1989-08-29 | George Ploussios | Method and construction of helical antenna |
-
1993
- 1993-11-11 EP EP19930118255 patent/EP0603529B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4494117A (en) * | 1982-07-19 | 1985-01-15 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Dual sense, circularly polarized helical antenna |
US4862184A (en) * | 1987-02-06 | 1989-08-29 | George Ploussios | Method and construction of helical antenna |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
---|
MÖNICH ET AL.: "HELICAL ANTENNA AND SPIRAL ANTENNA WITH FAST SWITCH SELECTION OF THE POLARISATION SENSE", ELECTRONICS LETTERS., vol. 26, no. 22, 25 October 1990 (1990-10-25), STEVENAGE GB, pages 1918 - 1919, XP000171268 * |
NAKANO ET AL.: "Backfire Radiation from a Monofilar Helix with a Small Ground Plane", IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, vol. 36, no. 10, October 1988 (1988-10-01), NEW YORK US, pages 1359 - 1364, XP000004233, DOI: doi:10.1109/8.8621 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0603529B1 (en) | 1998-08-12 |
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