EP0597057B1 - Machining head of a water-jet cutting machine and sighting device intended to be fitted on such head - Google Patents

Machining head of a water-jet cutting machine and sighting device intended to be fitted on such head Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0597057B1
EP0597057B1 EP93909747A EP93909747A EP0597057B1 EP 0597057 B1 EP0597057 B1 EP 0597057B1 EP 93909747 A EP93909747 A EP 93909747A EP 93909747 A EP93909747 A EP 93909747A EP 0597057 B1 EP0597057 B1 EP 0597057B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
casing
cutting
nozzle
machining head
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP93909747A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0597057A1 (en
Inventor
Charles Ernest Schumacher
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Individual
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/04—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for treating only selected parts of a surface, e.g. for carving stone or glass
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/364—By fluid blast and/or suction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/929—Tool or tool with support
    • Y10T83/9457—Joint or connection
    • Y10T83/9488—Adjustable
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T83/00—Cutting
    • Y10T83/97—Miscellaneous

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a machining head known as THp (very high pressure, i.e. around 4000 bars) a water jet cutting machine intended for high precision machining. More specifically, this The invention relates to a machining head comprising adjustment means making it possible to adjust, so systematic and repetitive, the direction of the water jet inside this head.
  • THp very high pressure, i.e. around 4000 bars
  • the invention relates to an aiming device intended to equip a head comprising the means mentioned above.
  • Machining heads intended to equip machines water jet cutting typically have a housing or frame which is intended to be fixedly mounted on a "XY" orientation table or on an articulated robot, mounted on a cart.
  • a acceleration nozzle which is integral with the housing and which is connected, by appropriate piping, to a source supplying water possibly with additives, at very high pressures.
  • the function of the accelerator nozzle is to bring water that it receives means of admission, at a very speed high, especially supersonic, to form a water jet "coherent" capable of perforating, neatly and with precision, any material of a workpiece.
  • the acceleration nozzle comprises, at its outlet, a suitably perforated nozzle, made of a very hard material, such as sapphire or corundum.
  • the machining head has, at its outlet, a cutting barrel mounted in the head opposite the nozzle acceleration, i.e. downstream of the pellet nozzle, inside a gun holder housed in the casing.
  • an abrasive supply tube is placed between the outlet of said nozzle and said barrel.
  • the barrel therefore receives the jet of water emitted by the nozzle as well as the abrasive agent it must guide to the part to be cut.
  • the cutting barrel must be perfectly coaxial to the jet of water.
  • the document EP 0 221 236 describes a machining head a cutting machine, using a water jet according to preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a machining head comprising means for setting that are capable of providing orientation perfect water jet emitted by the acceleration nozzle by relative to the cutting barrel, and which are of a simple, robust design, while being capable ensure rapid, repetitive and reliable adjustment of this orientation.
  • the present invention also aims to provide a sighting device capable of equipping such a head.
  • the adjustment can be reliable and repetitive since the position of the adjustment barrel, in its adjusted position, in being performed in place of the cutting barrel, corresponds exactly to the position that this cutting gun during machining, i.e. during passage through it of the jet emitted by the nozzle acceleration.
  • the present invention also relates to a sighting device intended to equip the machining head above, characterized in that it comprises a support provided with a removable target and an adjustment barrel configured to be housed in the gun holder, at the place of the cutting barrel.
  • the machining head 1 comprises a casing 2 which is intended to be fixedly mounted on a support S of a cutting machine D, both shown here so partial and very schematically.
  • Housing 2 which opens axially at both ends, has a generally tubular, essentially cylindrical shape, which is internally stepped as well only externally.
  • the casing 2 can be mounted directly on a support formed by a table multi-axis displacement machining, including "XY", or on a support formed by an articulated robot mounted on a cart.
  • the casing 2 By fixed mounting of the casing 2 on the machine cutting D, relative maintenance of the casing 2 by compared to the support S, which is sufficiently rigid and stable to ensure correct and continuous positioning of a water jet J emitted by the head 1 relative to the part P, during machining work and especially during displacement of the support S.
  • the casing 2 can be removably mounted on the support S, for interchangeability and maintenance reasons.
  • Head 1 is connected to a water supply under pressure, referenced A, via a piping T, shown in Figures 1 to 4 of a schematically in broken lines.
  • the head 1 comprises in its part rear AR a stepped connection nut 6 of form essentially cylindrical, which is housed and held in an extremely precise and fixed position at inside the housing 2.
  • the connection nut 6 has in this region a bearing surface 12, essentially cylindrical, arranged in close proximity of the gripping collar 8, downstream thereof.
  • the casing 2 also has in its rear part not referenced, a positioning bore 14 which is externally opening and receiving, by an adjustment bold, the cylindrical seat 12 of the connecting nut 6.
  • the connecting nut 6 also includes in its rear part, a thread 16 which is made of adjacent to the cylindrical seat 12 and which is engaged in a corresponding thread 18 formed in the casing 2, in the extension of its bore of positioning 14.
  • connection nut 6 The screw-nut coupling between thread 16 and internal thread 18 provides fixed retention and locking in position of the connection nut 6 relative to the housing 2.
  • the gripping collar 8 in the assembled position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, rests in axial support, at the end, on the end rear, not referenced, of casing 2 and compresses a seal seal 20, of the O-ring type (named under the British appellation "O" Ring) housed in the end rear opening not referenced from casing 2.
  • This seal 20 seals the head 1 and protects adjustment means housed in the head 1, means which will be described in detail below.
  • the head 1 further comprises an acceleration nozzle 22 which is carried by the nut 6 while being mounted so coaxial with it. More particularly, the nozzle 22 is positioned and fixedly held in a housing 24 formed in the nut 6.
  • the acceleration nozzle 22 has a socket cylindrical 26 of generally elongated shape, at the rear of which is fitted with a valve tip or seat interchangeable 28 ensuring the connection of the head 1 on the piping T, and therefore constituting means Intake intended to be connected to the water supply under pressure A.
  • the elongated sleeve 26 comprises, formed in its part front not referenced, a cylindrical seat 30 engaged by a bold adjustment in a positioning bore 32 formed in the nut 6, at the rear thereof.
  • the socket 26 further comprises, downstream of the range 30, a thread 34 engaged with a thread 36 formed in the nut 6, close to the bore 32.
  • the bore 32 forms partly, with the internal thread 36, the housing 24 provided in nut 6.
  • the socket 26 has an inner conduit 27 intended to receive pressurized water (not shown) from the removable end piece 28.
  • the conduit 27 has in its upstream part, directly under the end piece 28, a first region 27a preferably of frustoconical shape (about 2%), narrowing forward, followed by second region 27b also preferably frustoconical (about 2%), but this time widening towards a nozzle nozzle 42.
  • This arrangement forms a means of internal cohesion of the water flow inside the socket 26 and ensures the formation of a so-called "coherent" water jet at the output of the acceleration nozzle 22, during adjustment which will be described below, adjustment which is carried out with a low pressure water supply.
  • the nut 6 also comprises, at its end front not referenced, an inner collar returning 40 on which axially rests the nozzle 42.
  • This nozzle nozzle 42 has a nozzle tip 44 which is held in a seat 46 also forming part of the nozzle 42.
  • the nozzle pad 44 which is shown here from schematically, is made of a hard material, such than sapphire or corundum, and it has an orifice central, not shown, capable of forming a trickle of water very fine which can constitute a cutting jet J appropriate, says "consistent" throw.
  • the seat 46 has a cylindrical skirt 48 which is housed, with a radial clearance, in the re-entrant collar 40 which has a shoulder 50 formed in the housing 24.
  • the seat 46 rests in axial support, by a shoulder correspondent not referenced, on the shoulder 50.
  • the acceleration socket 26 comprises at its front end, adjacent to region 27b, a clamping cavity 52 formed at the end and flaring towards the outside of the sleeve 26.
  • the clamping cavity 52 has a frustoconical or partially spherical shape and it rests on a frustoconical periphery 54 formed externally on the seat 46 of the nozzle 42.
  • the nozzle acceleration 22 which includes the sleeve 26, the end piece 28 and the nozzle 42, is precisely positioned and fixedly with respect to the casing 2. Being thus rigidly secured to the casing 2, the nozzle acceleration 22 can provide a water jet J presenting a perfectly stable position relative to the support S, whatever the movements of machine D.
  • the head 1 further comprises, in its front part AV, a cutting gun 60 which is supported and held by a gun holder 62, inside of it, this gun holder 62 being itself housed inside the housing 2.
  • the cutting barrel 60 is arranged in the head 1 coinciding with the output of the acceleration nozzle 22 to receive, downstream, the water jet emitted by this nozzle.
  • the barrel 60 is positioned precisely relative to the gun holder 62, thanks to its engagement in a bore of positioning 64 provided in the front part, not referenced, of the gun holder 62. Furthermore, the maintenance in fixed position of the barrel 60 is ensured by a clamp 66 disposed at the front of the gun holder 62 and comprising a wedge socket 68, made of a material elastomer.
  • the jamming socket 68 has a circumference frustoconical exterior 70 cooperating with a clamping cone 72 provided at the front end, not referenced, of the gun holder 62.
  • the clamping cone 72 is flared outwards and forwards, and it is formed on a wall of the barrel holder 62 which has an external thread 74 on which an internally threaded ring 78 is engaged, bearing axial on the clamping sleeve 68.
  • the gun holder 62 also includes a tube 80 of an abrasive, not shown, this tube 80 which is radially engaged in the barrel holder 62, being mounted at force in it, especially by hunting.
  • the tube 80 opens into the barrel holder 62, in a mixing chamber 82 formed therein.
  • the bedroom mixture 82 has an openwork annular ring 84 radially which is likewise driven into the barrel holder 62, coaxially therewith, and which comprises a radial opening 86 disposed opposite the tube 80 for receive the abrasive provided by it, and transmit it towards the cutting barrel 60.
  • the mixing chamber 82 further includes a deflector 88 which rests axially on the lateral edge of the ring 84 and which has an elastic skirt 90 blocking the outlet of opening 86 to prevent any inadvertent return of the abrasive agent to the nozzle acceleration 22.
  • This deflector 88 has a bore central 89.
  • This anti-reflux protection function provided by the deflector 88 prevents destruction of the pellet by hard material 44 which, in conventional devices, is subject to rapid wear.
  • this anti-reflux protection function also occurs when the skirt 90 of the deflector 88 is omitted.
  • the deflector 88 thus dimensioned may be subject to the nozzle nozzle 42, being disposed at the front thereof, for example by engagement with appropriate forms (not shown) or by collage.
  • the mixing chamber 82 is closed in its part rear by a lip seal 92 resting laterally on the deflector 88 and whose lip rubs against the free front end of the nut 6, at the outlet of the acceleration nozzle 22.
  • this gasket 92 provides sealing means of articulation, which will be described below, and which allow, during a jet adjustment operation of water J, a pivoting of the barrel holder 62 relative to the acceleration nozzle 22, whereas the latter, as we explained above, is fixedly mounted relative to the housing 2.
  • the articulation means according to the invention are constituted in the two embodiments described by a ball 94a, 94b formed between the barrel holder 62 and the housing 2.
  • the ball 94a, 94b is constituted by an annular ring 96a, 96b which is housed in the casing and which, as is will include, form a seat supporting and surrounding the gun holder 62.
  • This ring 96a, 96b is itself supported by the casing 2, in axial support against a shoulder 98 (see FIGS. 2 and 4) formed therein, and it has a partially worn rear spherical 100a or frustoconical 100b, on which rests directly a support part 102a, 102b formed on the gun holder 62.
  • the support part 102a of the first embodiment has a tapered tapered shape, flaring forward, while the supporting part 102b of the second embodiment ( Figures 3 and 4) presents a semi-circular or domed shape, flaring towards the back.
  • the ball 94b is shaped so that its center of pivoting (not shown) coincides with the orifice of the nozzle disc 44.
  • Each support part is formed on a flange 104a, 104b which is formed in the vicinity an unreferenced end of the barrel holder, at the rear of it.
  • the flange 104a, 104b is stressed axially on the ring 96a, 96b forming a seat, by through elastic means 106.
  • the elastic means 106 are formed by compression springs (same reference) housed in a annular ring 108 (see Figure 2), called ring thrust, reported inside the casing 2.
  • the ring 108 which is externally threaded, is screwed into the casing 2 while being engaged in its internal thread 18.
  • the push ring 108 is mounted in the casing 2 around the connecting nut 6, but with a radial clearance and with axial clearance with respect thereto.
  • the axial position of the ring 108 in the casing 2 can be adjusted regardless of nut position 6, to adjust the elastic pressure of the springs compression 106 on the back of the collar 104a, 104b.
  • the ring 108 has tap holes, not shown, configured to receive a adjustment, likewise not shown.
  • the front end of the nut connection 6 plunges into the hollowed-out rear part of the gun holder 62, coaxially therewith and with a sufficient radial clearance to allow the pivoting of the gun holder 62 in the housing 2.
  • the nut 6 also comprises at its front end a seal 110 (see FIG. 2), of the O-ring type, in radial abutment on the barrel holder 62.
  • the adjustment means according to the invention further comprise screws 112 (in particular four in number, offset by 90 °, two of them being here only shown) which allow the barrel holder 62 to be locked in a fixed position relative to to housing 2.
  • the screws 112 are mounted in the casing 2, at the front of it and they act radially around the perimeter outside of the gun holder 62.
  • the adjustment means according to the invention comprise in addition a sighting device according to two modes of embodiment ( Figures 2, 4 and 5) which includes a support 122 designed to be attached to the barrel holder 62.
  • This support 122 is shown seen from the front in lines full and, in Figures 2 and 4, it is also seen from the side schematically in broken lines.
  • the sighting device 120a, 120b, (and more precisely its support 122) has an adjustment barrel 124 which is intended, as seen in Figure 2, to come and stay in the barrel holder 62, instead of the barrel cutting 60, in bore 64.
  • this adjustment barrel 124 has an internal diameter DR greater than the diameter DD interior ( Figure 1) of the cutting gun 60.
  • the jet of water J can therefore pass through the adjustment barrel 124 without touch the inner wall of it and without being disturbed during the adjustment operation.
  • the support 122 is formed by a piece in the form of "C", a branch 126 of which forms a base in which is housed a target 128a, 128b, while another branch 130 carries the adjustment barrel 124 which is oriented so normal to target 128a, 128b.
  • the two branches 126 and 130 are connected by a third, 127, called branch of liaison.
  • the target 128a consists essentially of an interchangeable flat-shaped pad mounted on removably in support 122, and more particularly in branch 126.
  • the branch 126 which is essentially circular has a nut 132 which blocks the target 128a.
  • the pellet forming the target 128a has an orifice control unit 134 towards which the water jet J is pointed during adjustment. Thanks to the openwork structure of the support 122, an operator can, during the setting, observe on practically all sides (over approximately 300 °) the impact of J water jet supplied at low pressure, but so consistent through the socket 26, on the target 128a.
  • This sighting device 120b differs from the device 120a by its target 128b which, although mounted identically in the support 122, presents with respect to the target 128a a structure allowing even easier and more adjustment end.
  • the target 128b has a base 140 of even held in branch 126 by nut 132, but from which rises in its center a pointer 142 of form pyramidal, oriented towards the back of the head 1, i.e. towards the exit of the adjustment barrel 124.
  • the pointer 142 is forcibly engaged in the base 140. It comprises four plane converging faces 142a to 142d ( Figure 5) inclined at an angle ⁇ of approximately 10 ° relative to the direction of exit of the water jet J, and therefore with respect to the longitudinal geometric axis of the sighting device 120b.
  • the pyramid pointer 142 On either side of the pyramid pointer 142 are formed in the base 140 four oblong recesses 144a to 144d oriented parallel to the bases of the pointer 142, as well as in the extension of its four faces 142a to 142d.
  • These four hollows 144a to 144d have respectively a flared bowl shape at the entrance, and they are open towards the water jet J. It will be specified here that the four hollows 144a to 144d are all calibrated to the same dimension.
  • the base 140 is for example made of aluminum while the pointer 142 is made in one hard material, such as tungsten carbide.
  • the head adjustment method according to the invention is the next.
  • a coherent jet of water thanks to the shape of the conduit 27 of sleeve 26, forms at the outlet of the barrel adjustment and hits the target 128a, 128b.
  • the sighting device 120a, 120b is then moved manually, by the operator not shown, by doing pivot the barrel holder 62 relative to the casing 2.
  • the gun holder 62 is blocked by the screws 112 when the water jet J is placed in coincidence with orifice 134.
  • the operator after opening the water supply low pressure, moves the pyramid pointer 142 to that its tip is perfectly under the jet of water J and that four identical water bundles (not shown) form at the exit of the four recesses calibrated from base 140, under the sighting device 120b. Any difference in form in any of the beams at the exit of the device indicates to the operator a setting error and the direction in which it should move the barrel holder 62.
  • the sight is released by loosening the clamp 66, then out. Then, we reposition, in the barrel holder 62, the barrel cutting 60 which is now arranged so perfectly coaxial with the working jet J.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/CH93/00138 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 27, 1994 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 27, 1994 PCT Filed May 27, 1993 PCT Pub. No. WO92/24277 PCT Pub. Date Sep. 9, 1993.A machining head for a water jet cutting machine as well as an aiming device equipping such head, includes: an interchangeable tip (28) coupled to a feed source (A) of water under pressure, an acceleration nozzle (22) fixed to the casing (2) and connected to the interchangeable tip (28), a cutting pipe (60) receiving a water jet (J) emitted by the nozzle (22), and a pipe carrier (62) maintaining the pipe (60) relative to the casing (2), such head being characterized in that it includes regulating means (120a, 120b, 112, 94a, 94b) which permit regulation of the position of the pipe carrier (62) relative to the casing (2) in order to adjust the orientation of the pipe (60) in a manner coaxial to the jet (J) emitted by the nozzle (22).

Description

La présente invention concerne une tête d'usinage dite THp (très haute pression, à savoir environ 4000 bars) d'une machine de découpage au jet d'eau destinée à l'usinage de haute précision. Plus particulièrement, cette invention concerne une tête d'usinage comportant des moyens de réglage permettant d'ajuster, de façon systématique et répétitive, la direction du jet d'eau à l'intérieur de cette tête.The present invention relates to a machining head known as THp (very high pressure, i.e. around 4000 bars) a water jet cutting machine intended for high precision machining. More specifically, this The invention relates to a machining head comprising adjustment means making it possible to adjust, so systematic and repetitive, the direction of the water jet inside this head.

De plus, l'invention concerne un dispositif de visée destiné à équiper une tête comportant les moyens susmentionnés.In addition, the invention relates to an aiming device intended to equip a head comprising the means mentioned above.

Les têtes d'usinage destinées à équiper les machines de découpage au jet d'eau comportent typiquement un carter ou bâti qui est destiné à être monté fixement sur une table d'orientation "XY" ou sur un robot articulé, monté sur un chariot.Machining heads intended to equip machines water jet cutting typically have a housing or frame which is intended to be fixedly mounted on a "XY" orientation table or on an articulated robot, mounted on a cart.

A l'intérieur de cette tête est de plus logée une buse d'accélération qui est solidaire du carter et qui est connectée, par une tuyauterie appropriée, à une source d'alimentation fournissant de l'eau éventuellement avec des additifs, à de très hautes pressions.Inside this head is also housed a acceleration nozzle which is integral with the housing and which is connected, by appropriate piping, to a source supplying water possibly with additives, at very high pressures.

La buse d'accélération a pour fonction d'amener l'eau qu'elle reçoit des moyens d'admission, à une vitesse très élevée, notamment supersonique, pour former un jet d'eau "cohérent" capable de perforer, de façon nette et avec précision, n'importe quel matériau d'une pièce à usiner.The function of the accelerator nozzle is to bring water that it receives means of admission, at a very speed high, especially supersonic, to form a water jet "coherent" capable of perforating, neatly and with precision, any material of a workpiece.

A cet effet, la buse d'accélération comporte, à sa sortie, une pastille d'ajutage convenablement perforée, réalisée en un matériau très dur, tel que le saphir ou le corindon. For this purpose, the acceleration nozzle comprises, at its outlet, a suitably perforated nozzle, made of a very hard material, such as sapphire or corundum.

En outre, la tête d'usinage comporte, à sa sortie, un canon de découpage monté dans la tête en regard de la buse d'accélération, c'est-à-dire en aval de la pastille d'ajutage, à l'intérieur d'un porte-canon logé dans le carter. De plus, un tube d'amenée d'un abrasif est placé entre la sortie de ladite buse et ledit canon.In addition, the machining head has, at its outlet, a cutting barrel mounted in the head opposite the nozzle acceleration, i.e. downstream of the pellet nozzle, inside a gun holder housed in the casing. In addition, an abrasive supply tube is placed between the outlet of said nozzle and said barrel.

Le canon reçoit donc le jet d'eau émis par la buse d'accélération, ainsi que l'agent abrasif qu'il doit guider vers la pièce à découper.The barrel therefore receives the jet of water emitted by the nozzle as well as the abrasive agent it must guide to the part to be cut.

Par conséquent, le canon de découpage doit être disposé de façon parfaitement coaxiale par rapport au jet d'eau.Therefore, the cutting barrel must be perfectly coaxial to the jet of water.

On comprend donc que tout défaut d'alignement entre le jet d'eau émis par la buse et le canon entraíne un sifflement et, si ce défaut n'est pas corrigé avant l'opération d'usinage, une usure prématurée du canon.We therefore understand that any misalignment between the jet of water emitted by the nozzle and the barrel causes a hissing sound and, if this defect is not corrected before the machining operation, premature wear of the barrel.

Il est donc nécessaire de fournir des moyens de réglage capables d'assurer l'ajustement de ce jet d'eau, débité de façon "accélérée" et sous très haute pression, par rapport au canon.It is therefore necessary to provide means of adjustment capable of ensuring the adjustment of this water jet, debited in an "accelerated" manner and under very high pressure, relative to the barrel.

Le document EP 0 221 236 décrit une tête d'usinage d'une machine de découpage, au jet d'eau selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The document EP 0 221 236 describes a machining head a cutting machine, using a water jet according to preamble of claim 1.

La présente invention a pour but de fournir une tête d'usinage comportant des moyens de réglage qui soient capables d'assurer l'orientation parfaite du jet d'eau émis par la buse d'accélération par rapport au canon de découpage, et qui soient d'une conception simple, robuste, tout en étant capables d'assurer un réglage rapide, répétitif et fiable de cette orientation.The object of the present invention is to provide a machining head comprising means for setting that are capable of providing orientation perfect water jet emitted by the acceleration nozzle by relative to the cutting barrel, and which are of a simple, robust design, while being capable ensure rapid, repetitive and reliable adjustment of this orientation.

La présente invention a aussi pour but de fournir un dispositif de visée capable d'équiper une telle tête. The present invention also aims to provide a sighting device capable of equipping such a head.

A cet effet, la présente invention a pour objet une tête d'usinage d'une machine de découpage au jet d'eau, comprenant :

  • un carter destiné à être monté fixement sur la machine de découpage,
  • des moyens d'admission destinés à être reliés à une alimentation en eau sous pression,
  • une buse d'accélération solidaire du carter et connectée aux moyens d'admission, cette buse étant destinée à former un jet d'eau à haute vitesse, apte à effectuer une découpe d'un matériau,
  • un canon de découpage disposé pour recevoir le jet d'eau émis par la buse d'accélération,
  • un porte-canon maintenant le canon de découpage par rapport au carter, et
  • des moyens de réglage qui permettent de régler la position du porte-canon par rapport au carter, pour ajuster l'orientation du canon de découpage de façon coaxiale au jet émis par la buse,
       cette tête étant caractérisée en ce que lesdits moyens de réglage comprennent un dispositif de visée comportant une cible montée ou logée dans un support agencé pour pouvoir être rapporté dans ledit porte-canon.
To this end, the subject of the present invention is a machining head of a water jet cutting machine, comprising:
  • a casing intended to be fixedly mounted on the cutting machine,
  • intake means intended to be connected to a pressurized water supply,
  • an acceleration nozzle secured to the casing and connected to the intake means, this nozzle being intended to form a jet of water at high speed, capable of cutting a material,
  • a cutting gun arranged to receive the jet of water emitted by the acceleration nozzle,
  • a gun holder holding the cutting gun relative to the casing, and
  • adjustment means which make it possible to adjust the position of the barrel holder relative to the casing, to adjust the orientation of the cutting barrel coaxially with the jet emitted by the nozzle,
    this head being characterized in that said adjustment means comprise a sighting device comprising a target mounted or housed in a support arranged to be able to be attached to said barrel holder.

On comprend que grâce à cette caractéristique le réglage effectué peut être fiable et répétitif puisque la position du canon de réglage, dans sa position réglée, en étant effectuée au lieu et place du canon de découpage, correspond exactement à la position que devrait occuper ce canon de découpage lors de l'usinage, c'est-à-dire lors du passage au travers de celui-ci du jet émis par la buse d'accélération. We understand that thanks to this characteristic the adjustment can be reliable and repetitive since the position of the adjustment barrel, in its adjusted position, in being performed in place of the cutting barrel, corresponds exactly to the position that this cutting gun during machining, i.e. during passage through it of the jet emitted by the nozzle acceleration.

La présente invention a aussi pour objet un dispositif de visée destiné à équipé la tête d'usinage susmentionnée, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un support pourvu d'une cible amovible et d'un canon de réglage conformé pour venir se loger dans le porte-canon, à la place du canon de découpage.The present invention also relates to a sighting device intended to equip the machining head above, characterized in that it comprises a support provided with a removable target and an adjustment barrel configured to be housed in the gun holder, at the place of the cutting barrel.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaítront plus clairement à la lecture de la description détaillée qui suit, pris en référence aux dessins annexés, qui sont donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple, et dans lesquels :

  • les figures 1 et 3 sont des demi-vues en coupe longitudinales d'une tête d'usinage respectivement selon un premier et un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, cette tête étant représentée dans sa configuration lors du découpage d'une pièce représentée ici de façon schématique,
  • les figures 2 et 4 sont des vues similaires aux figures 1 et 3, mais représentant respectivement la tête d'usinage selon l'invention munie d'un dispositif de visée selon un premier et un deuxième mode de réalisation, lors de l'opération de réglage du jet d'eau émis par une buse d'accélération disposée fixement dans cette tête, ce dispositif de visée étant en outre représenté de côté, en traits interrompus.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear more clearly on reading the detailed description which follows, taken with reference to the appended drawings, which are given only by way of example, and in which:
  • Figures 1 and 3 are half-views in longitudinal section of a machining head respectively according to a first and a second embodiment of the invention, this head being shown in its configuration when cutting a part shown here schematically,
  • Figures 2 and 4 are views similar to Figures 1 and 3, but respectively representing the machining head according to the invention provided with a sighting device according to a first and a second embodiment, during the operation of adjustment of the water jet emitted by an acceleration nozzle fixedly disposed in this head, this sighting device being furthermore shown from the side, in broken lines.

En se référant désormais à la figure 1, on décrira ci-après un premier mode de réalisation d'une tête d'usinage selon l'invention, repérée par la référence générale 1, et représentée dans sa configuration prête à l'usinage d'un matériau d'une pièce P, représentée sur la figure 1 de façon très schématique.Referring now to Figure 1, we will describe below a first embodiment of a head machining according to the invention, identified by the reference general 1, and shown in its configuration ready for the machining of a material of a part P, shown in the Figure 1 very schematically.

La tête d'usinage 1 comporte un carter 2 qui est destiné à être monté fixement sur un support S d'une machine de découpage D, tous deux représentés ici de façon partielle et de façon très schématique. Le carter 2 qui est débouchant axialement à ses deux extrémités, présente une forme générale tubulaire essentiellement cylindrique, qui est étagée aussi bien intérieurement qu'extérieurement.The machining head 1 comprises a casing 2 which is intended to be fixedly mounted on a support S of a cutting machine D, both shown here so partial and very schematically. Housing 2 which opens axially at both ends, has a generally tubular, essentially cylindrical shape, which is internally stepped as well only externally.

Comme on l'a précisé ci-avant, le carter 2 peut être monté directement sur un support formé d'une table d'usinage à déplacement selon plusieurs axes, notamment "XY", ou sur un support formé par un robot articulé monté sur un chariot.As specified above, the casing 2 can be mounted directly on a support formed by a table multi-axis displacement machining, including "XY", or on a support formed by an articulated robot mounted on a cart.

On entend par montage fixe du carter 2 sur la machine de découpage D, un maintien relatif du carter 2 par rapport au support S, qui soit suffisamment rigide et stable pour assurer le positionnement correct et continu d'un jet d'eau J émis par la tête 1 par rapport à la pièce P, lors du travail d'usinage et notamment lors du déplacement du support S. Bien entendu, le carter 2 peut être monté de façon amovible sur le support S, et ce pour des raisons d'interchangeabilité et de maintenance.By fixed mounting of the casing 2 on the machine cutting D, relative maintenance of the casing 2 by compared to the support S, which is sufficiently rigid and stable to ensure correct and continuous positioning of a water jet J emitted by the head 1 relative to the part P, during machining work and especially during displacement of the support S. Of course, the casing 2 can be removably mounted on the support S, for interchangeability and maintenance reasons.

La tête 1 est reliée à une alimentation en eau sous pression, référencée A, par l'intermédiaire d'une tuyauterie T, représentés sur les figures 1 à 4 d'une façon schématique en traits interrompus.Head 1 is connected to a water supply under pressure, referenced A, via a piping T, shown in Figures 1 to 4 of a schematically in broken lines.

On décrira désormais plus précisément la structure de la tête 1 selon l'invention en prenant, pour définir les termes "amont" et "aval", comme référence le sens d'écoulement du jet d'eau J, représenté par la flèche R. Les termes "supérieur" et "inférieur" sont définis quant à eux en prenant pour référence la tête 1 dans sa position représentée à la figure 1. Enfin, le terme "arrière" désigne les régions ou éléments de la tête 1, les plus proches de l'arrivée d'eau sous pression fournie par l'alimentation A, le terme "avant" désignant les régions ou éléments les plus proches de la sortie du jet d'eau J.We will now describe more precisely the structure of the head 1 according to the invention by taking, to define the terms "upstream" and "downstream", as a reference the meaning of water jet J, represented by arrow R. The terms "upper" and "lower" are defined as to them taking for reference the head 1 in its position shown in Figure 1. Finally, the term "rear" denotes the regions or elements of head 1, the most close to the pressure water supply supplied by power supply A, the term "before" designating the regions or elements closest to the outlet of the water jet J.

La tête 1 selon l'invention comporte dans sa partie arrière AR un écrou de raccordement étagé 6 de forme essentiellement cylindrique, qui est logé et maintenu dans une position extrêmement précise et de façon fixe à l'intérieur du carter 2. The head 1 according to the invention comprises in its part rear AR a stepped connection nut 6 of form essentially cylindrical, which is housed and held in an extremely precise and fixed position at inside the housing 2.

A cet effet, dans la partie arrière de l'écrou de raccordement 6 est ménagé un collet de préhension 8 dont le pourtour extérieur qui a été déformé, par exemple par moletage, comporte plusieurs encoches extérieures 10 (par exemple au nombre de quatre, deux d'entres elles étant uniquement représentées sur les figures 1 et 2) ménagées ici de façon radialement débouchantes pour permettre, à l'aide d'un outil non représenté, le serrage ferme de l'écrou de raccordement 6 à l'intérieur du carter 2. L'écrou de raccordement 6 comporte dans cette région une portée 12, essentiellement cylindrique, ménagée au proche du collet de préhension 8, en aval de celui-ci.For this purpose, in the rear part of the nut connection 6 is provided a gripping collar 8 of which the outer periphery which has been deformed, for example by knurling, has several external notches 10 (for example four in number, two of them being only shown in Figures 1 and 2) provided here radially through to allow, at using a tool not shown, firm tightening of the connection nut 6 inside the casing 2. The connection nut 6 has in this region a bearing surface 12, essentially cylindrical, arranged in close proximity of the gripping collar 8, downstream thereof.

Le carter 2 comporte, aussi dans sa partie arrière non référencée, un alésage de positionnement 14 qui est extérieurement débouchant et qui reçoit, par un ajustement gras, la portée cylindrique 12 de l'écrou de raccordement 6.The casing 2 also has in its rear part not referenced, a positioning bore 14 which is externally opening and receiving, by an adjustment bold, the cylindrical seat 12 of the connecting nut 6.

Cet ajustement assure le positionnement précis et la parfaite coaxialité du montage entre l'écrou de raccordement 6 et le carter 2.This adjustment ensures precise positioning and perfect coaxiality of the mounting between the nut connection 6 and the housing 2.

En outre, l'écrou de raccordement 6 comporte, de même dans sa partie arrière, un filetage 16 qui est réalisé de façon adjacente à la portée cylindrique 12 et qui est engagée dans un taraudage correspondant 18 formé dans le carter 2, dans le prolongement de son alésage de positionnement 14.In addition, the connecting nut 6 also includes in its rear part, a thread 16 which is made of adjacent to the cylindrical seat 12 and which is engaged in a corresponding thread 18 formed in the casing 2, in the extension of its bore of positioning 14.

L'accouplement vis-écrou entre le filetage 16 et le taraudage 18 assure le maintien fixe et le blocage en position de l'écrou de raccordement 6 par rapport au carter 2.The screw-nut coupling between thread 16 and internal thread 18 provides fixed retention and locking in position of the connection nut 6 relative to the housing 2.

On remarquera à cet effet que le collet de préhension 8, dans la position assemblée représentée aux figures 1 et 2, repose en appui axial, en bout, sur l'extrémité arrière, non référencée, du carter 2 et comprime un joint d'étanchéité 20, du type joint torique (nommé sous l'appellation britannique "O" Ring) logé dans l'extrémité arrière débouchante non référencée du carter 2. It will be noted for this purpose that the gripping collar 8, in the assembled position shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, rests in axial support, at the end, on the end rear, not referenced, of casing 2 and compresses a seal seal 20, of the O-ring type (named under the British appellation "O" Ring) housed in the end rear opening not referenced from casing 2.

Ce joint d'étanchéité 20 assure l'étanchéité de la tête 1 et protège des moyens de réglage logés dans la tête 1, moyens que' l'on décrira ci-après de façon détaillée.This seal 20 seals the head 1 and protects adjustment means housed in the head 1, means which will be described in detail below.

La tête 1 comporte de plus une buse d'accélération 22 qui est portée par l'écrou 6 en étant montée de façon coaxiale à celui-ci. Plus particulièrement, la buse d'accélération 22 est positionnée et maintenue fixement dans un logement 24 ménagé dans l'écrou 6.The head 1 further comprises an acceleration nozzle 22 which is carried by the nut 6 while being mounted so coaxial with it. More particularly, the nozzle 22 is positioned and fixedly held in a housing 24 formed in the nut 6.

La buse d'accélération 22 comporte une douille cylindrique 26 de forme générale allongée, à l'arrière de laquelle est monté un embout ou siège de vanne interchangeable 28 assurant le raccord de la tête 1 sur la tuyauterie T, et constituant, par conséquent, des moyens d'admission destinés à être reliés à l'alimentation en eau sous pression A.The acceleration nozzle 22 has a socket cylindrical 26 of generally elongated shape, at the rear of which is fitted with a valve tip or seat interchangeable 28 ensuring the connection of the head 1 on the piping T, and therefore constituting means Intake intended to be connected to the water supply under pressure A.

La douille allongée 26 comporte, ménagée à sa partie avant non référencée, une portée cylindrique 30 engagée par un ajustement gras dans un alésage de positionnement 32 ménagé dans l'écrou 6, à l'arrière de celui-ci. La douille 26 comporte en outre, en aval de la portée 30, un filetage 34 en prise avec un taraudage 36 ménagé dans l'écrou 6, au proche de l'alésage 32. L'alésage 32 forme en partie, avec le taraudage 36, le logement 24 ménagé dans l'écrou 6.The elongated sleeve 26 comprises, formed in its part front not referenced, a cylindrical seat 30 engaged by a bold adjustment in a positioning bore 32 formed in the nut 6, at the rear thereof. The socket 26 further comprises, downstream of the range 30, a thread 34 engaged with a thread 36 formed in the nut 6, close to the bore 32. The bore 32 forms partly, with the internal thread 36, the housing 24 provided in nut 6.

La douille 26 comporte un conduit intérieur 27 destiné à recevoir l'eau sous pression (non représentée) depuis l'embout amovible 28. Le conduit 27 présente dans sa partie amont, directement sous l'embout 28, une première région 27a de préférence de forme tronconique (environ 2%), se rétrécissant vers l'avant, suivie d'une deuxième région 27b aussi de préférence tronconique (environ 2%), mais s'évasant cette fois ci vers une buse d'ajutage 42. Cette disposition forme un moyens de cohésion interne du flux d'eau à l'intérieur de la douille 26 et assure la formation d'un jet d'eau dit "cohérent" à la sortie de la buse d'accélération 22, lors du réglage que l'on décrira ci-après, réglage qui s'effectue avec une alimentation en eau à basse pression.The socket 26 has an inner conduit 27 intended to receive pressurized water (not shown) from the removable end piece 28. The conduit 27 has in its upstream part, directly under the end piece 28, a first region 27a preferably of frustoconical shape (about 2%), narrowing forward, followed by second region 27b also preferably frustoconical (about 2%), but this time widening towards a nozzle nozzle 42. This arrangement forms a means of internal cohesion of the water flow inside the socket 26 and ensures the formation of a so-called "coherent" water jet at the output of the acceleration nozzle 22, during adjustment which will be described below, adjustment which is carried out with a low pressure water supply.

L'écrou 6 comporte par ailleurs, à son extrémité avant non référencée, un collet intérieur rentrant 40 sur lequel repose axialement la buse d'ajutage 42. Cette buse d'ajutage 42 comporte une pastille d'ajutage 44 qui est maintenue dans un siège 46 formant aussi partie de la buse 42.The nut 6 also comprises, at its end front not referenced, an inner collar returning 40 on which axially rests the nozzle 42. This nozzle nozzle 42 has a nozzle tip 44 which is held in a seat 46 also forming part of the nozzle 42.

La pastille d'ajutage 44, qui est représentée ici de façon schématique, est réalisée dans un matériaux dur, tel que le saphir ou le corindon, et elle comporte un orifice centrale, non représenté, capable de former un filet d'eau très fin pouvant constituer un jet de découpage J approprié, dit jet "cohérent".The nozzle pad 44, which is shown here from schematically, is made of a hard material, such than sapphire or corundum, and it has an orifice central, not shown, capable of forming a trickle of water very fine which can constitute a cutting jet J appropriate, says "consistent" throw.

Le siège 46 comporte une jupe cylindrique 48 qui est logée, avec un jeu radial, dans le collet rentrant 40 qui présente un épaulement 50 formé dans le logement 24.The seat 46 has a cylindrical skirt 48 which is housed, with a radial clearance, in the re-entrant collar 40 which has a shoulder 50 formed in the housing 24.

Le siège 46 repose en appui axial, par un épaulement correspondant non référencé, sur l'épaulement 50.The seat 46 rests in axial support, by a shoulder correspondent not referenced, on the shoulder 50.

Par ailleurs, la douille d'accélération 26 comporte à son extrémité avant, de façon contigue à la région 27b, une cavité de serrage 52 ménagée en bout et s'évasant vers l'extérieur de la douille 26. La cavité de serrage 52 présente une forme tronconique ou partiellement sphérique et elle repose sur un pourtour tronconique 54 ménagé extérieurement sur le siège 46 de la buse d'ajutage 42. On comprend donc que lors de la mise en place et lors du serrage de la douille 26 dans l'écrou 6, la buse d'ajutage 42 qui a été préalablement mise en position librement dans le collet 40 de l'écrou 6, se trouve auto-centrée par la cavité de serrage 52 et par son pourtour extérieur tronconique 54.Furthermore, the acceleration socket 26 comprises at its front end, adjacent to region 27b, a clamping cavity 52 formed at the end and flaring towards the outside of the sleeve 26. The clamping cavity 52 has a frustoconical or partially spherical shape and it rests on a frustoconical periphery 54 formed externally on the seat 46 of the nozzle 42. We therefore understands that during installation and during tightening of the sleeve 26 in the nut 6, the nozzle 42 which has been previously positioned freely in the collar 40 of the nut 6, is self-centered by the clamping cavity 52 and by its outer periphery tapered 54.

Ainsi, il ressort de cette disposition que la buse d'accélération 22, qui comporte la douille 26, l'embout 28 et la buse d'ajutage 42, est positionnée dé façon précise et fixement par rapport au carter 2. En étant ainsi solidaire rigidement du carter 2, la buse d'accélération 22 peut fournir un jet d'eau J présentant une position parfaitement stable par rapport au support S, quels que soient les mouvements de la machine D.Thus, it appears from this provision that the nozzle acceleration 22, which includes the sleeve 26, the end piece 28 and the nozzle 42, is precisely positioned and fixedly with respect to the casing 2. Being thus rigidly secured to the casing 2, the nozzle acceleration 22 can provide a water jet J presenting a perfectly stable position relative to the support S, whatever the movements of machine D.

La tête 1 selon' l'invention comporte de plus, dans sa partie avant AV, un canon de découpage 60 qui est supporté et maintenu par un porte-canon 62, à l'intérieur de celui-ci, ce porte-canon 62 étant lui-même logé à l'intérieur du carter 2.The head 1 according to 'the invention further comprises, in its front part AV, a cutting gun 60 which is supported and held by a gun holder 62, inside of it, this gun holder 62 being itself housed inside the housing 2.

Le canon de découpage 60 est disposé dans la tête 1 en coincidence avec la sortie de la buse d'accélération 22 pour recevoir, en aval, le jet d'eau émis par cette buse.The cutting barrel 60 is arranged in the head 1 coinciding with the output of the acceleration nozzle 22 to receive, downstream, the water jet emitted by this nozzle.

Le canon 60 est positionné précisément par rapport au porte-canon 62, grâce à son engagement dans un alésage de positionnement 64 ménagé dans la partie avant, non référencée, du porte-canon 62. Par ailleurs, le maintien en position fixe du canon 60 est assuré par une pince 66 disposée à l'avant du porte-canon 62 et comportant une douille de coincement 68, réalisée en un matériau élastomère.The barrel 60 is positioned precisely relative to the gun holder 62, thanks to its engagement in a bore of positioning 64 provided in the front part, not referenced, of the gun holder 62. Furthermore, the maintenance in fixed position of the barrel 60 is ensured by a clamp 66 disposed at the front of the gun holder 62 and comprising a wedge socket 68, made of a material elastomer.

La douille de coincement 68 comporte un pourtour extérieur tronconique 70 coopérant avec un cône de serrage 72 ménagé à l'extrémité avant, non référencée, du porte-canon 62. Le cône de serrage 72 est évasé vers l'extérieur et vers l'avant, et il est ménagé sur une paroi du porte-canon 62 qui présente un filetage extérieur 74 sur lequel est engagée une bague intérieurement filetée 78, en appui axial sur la douille de coincement 68.The jamming socket 68 has a circumference frustoconical exterior 70 cooperating with a clamping cone 72 provided at the front end, not referenced, of the gun holder 62. The clamping cone 72 is flared outwards and forwards, and it is formed on a wall of the barrel holder 62 which has an external thread 74 on which an internally threaded ring 78 is engaged, bearing axial on the clamping sleeve 68.

Le porte-canon 62 comporte par ailleurs un tube 80 d'amenée d'un abrasif, non représenté, ce tube 80 qui est engagé radialement dans le porte-canon 62, étant monté à force dans celui-ci, notamment par chassage.The gun holder 62 also includes a tube 80 of an abrasive, not shown, this tube 80 which is radially engaged in the barrel holder 62, being mounted at force in it, especially by hunting.

Le tube 80 débouche dans le porte-canon 62, dans une chambre de mélange 82 ménagée dans celui-ci. La chambre de mélange 82 comporte une bague annulaire 84 ajourée radialement qui est de même chassée dans le porte-canon 62, de façon coaxiale à celui-ci, et qui comporte une ouverture radiale 86 disposée en regard du tube 80 pour recevoir l'abrasif fourni par celui-ci, et le transmettre vers le canon de découpage 60.The tube 80 opens into the barrel holder 62, in a mixing chamber 82 formed therein. The bedroom mixture 82 has an openwork annular ring 84 radially which is likewise driven into the barrel holder 62, coaxially therewith, and which comprises a radial opening 86 disposed opposite the tube 80 for receive the abrasive provided by it, and transmit it towards the cutting barrel 60.

La chambre de mélange 82 comporte de plus un déflecteur 88 qui repose axialement sur le bord latéral de la bague 84 et qui comporte une jupe élastique 90 obstruant la sortie de l'ouverture 86 pour empêcher tout retour intempestif de l'agent abrasif vers la buse d'accélération 22. Ce déflecteur 88 comporte un alésage central 89.The mixing chamber 82 further includes a deflector 88 which rests axially on the lateral edge of the ring 84 and which has an elastic skirt 90 blocking the outlet of opening 86 to prevent any inadvertent return of the abrasive agent to the nozzle acceleration 22. This deflector 88 has a bore central 89.

De façon avantageuse, des essais qui ont été effectués sur le déflecteur 88 ont montré qu'un dimensionnement de son alésage 89 à un diamètre de 0,8 mm (0,8.10-3 mètres) pouvait empêcher, lors du fonctionnement de la tête d'usinage 1, tout retour de l'abrasif (amené par le tube 80) en amont, et notamment vers la buse d'ajutage 46.Advantageously, tests which have been carried out on the deflector 88 have shown that a dimensioning of its bore 89 to a diameter of 0.8 mm (0.8.10 -3 meters) could prevent, during the operation of the head. machining 1, any return of the abrasive (brought by the tube 80) upstream, and in particular towards the nozzle 46.

Cette fonction de protection anti-reflux fournie par le déflecteur 88 empêche la destruction de la pastille en matériau dur 44 qui, dans les dispositifs classiques, est soumise à une usure rapide.This anti-reflux protection function provided by the deflector 88 prevents destruction of the pellet by hard material 44 which, in conventional devices, is subject to rapid wear.

On précisera ici que, comme montré à la figure 4, cette fonction de protection anti-reflux se produit aussi lorsque la jupe 90 du déflecteur 88 est omise. En outre, dans une variante de réalisation non représentée, le déflecteur 88 ainsi dimensionné peut être assujetti à la buse d'ajutage 42, en étant disposé à l'avant de celle-ci, par exemple par engagement à force de formes appropriées (non représentées) ou par collage.It will be specified here that, as shown in Figure 4, this anti-reflux protection function also occurs when the skirt 90 of the deflector 88 is omitted. In addition, in a variant embodiment not shown, the deflector 88 thus dimensioned may be subject to the nozzle nozzle 42, being disposed at the front thereof, for example by engagement with appropriate forms (not shown) or by collage.

La chambre de mélange 82 est fermée dans sa partie arrière par un joint à lèvre 92 reposant latéralement sur la déflecteur 88 et dont la lèvre frotte contre l'extrémité avant libre de l'écrou 6, à la sortie de la buse d'accélération 22.The mixing chamber 82 is closed in its part rear by a lip seal 92 resting laterally on the deflector 88 and whose lip rubs against the free front end of the nut 6, at the outlet of the acceleration nozzle 22.

On précisera ici que ce joint 92 assure l'étanchéité de moyens d'articulation, que l'on décrira ci-après, et qui permettent, lors d'une opération de réglage du jet d'eau J, un pivotement du porte-canon 62 par rapport à la buse d'accélération 22, alors que cette dernière, comme on l'a expliqué ci-avant, est montée fixement par rapport au carter 2.It will be specified here that this gasket 92 provides sealing means of articulation, which will be described below, and which allow, during a jet adjustment operation of water J, a pivoting of the barrel holder 62 relative to the acceleration nozzle 22, whereas the latter, as we explained above, is fixedly mounted relative to the housing 2.

Les moyens d'articulation selon l'invention sont constitués dans les deux modes de réalisation décrits par une rotule 94a, 94b ménagée entre le porte-canon 62 et le carter 2.The articulation means according to the invention are constituted in the two embodiments described by a ball 94a, 94b formed between the barrel holder 62 and the housing 2.

Dans les deux modes de réalisation selon l'invention, la rotule 94a, 94b est constituée par une bague annulaire 96a,96b qui est logée dans le carter et qui, comme on le comprendra, forme un siège supportant et entourant le porte-canon 62. Cette bague 96a,96b est quant à elle supportée par le carter 2, en appui axial contre un épaulement 98 (voir figures 2 et 4) ménagé dans celui-ci, et elle présente à l'arrière une portée partiellement sphérique 100a ou tronconique 100b, sur laquelle repose directement une partie d'appui 102a,102b ménagée sur le porte-canon 62.In the two embodiments according to the invention, the ball 94a, 94b is constituted by an annular ring 96a, 96b which is housed in the casing and which, as is will include, form a seat supporting and surrounding the gun holder 62. This ring 96a, 96b is itself supported by the casing 2, in axial support against a shoulder 98 (see FIGS. 2 and 4) formed therein, and it has a partially worn rear spherical 100a or frustoconical 100b, on which rests directly a support part 102a, 102b formed on the gun holder 62.

La partie d'appui 102a du premier mode de réalisation (figures 1 et 2) présente une forme tronconique rentrante, s'évasant vers l'avant, tandis que la partie d'appui 102b du deuxième mode de réalisation (figures 3 et 4) présente une forme semi-circulaire ou bombée, s'évasant vers l'arrière. On précisera que, dans ce mode de réalisation, la rotule 94b est conformée pour que son centre de pivotement (non représenté) coïncide avec l'orifice de la pastille d'ajutage 44. Chaque partie d'appui est ménagée sur une collerette 104a,104b qui est formée au voisinage d'une extrémité non référencée du porte-canon, à l'arrière de celui-ci. La collerette 104a,104b est sollicitée axialement sur la bague 96a,96b formant siège, par l'intermédiaire de moyens élastiques 106.The support part 102a of the first embodiment (Figures 1 and 2) has a tapered tapered shape, flaring forward, while the supporting part 102b of the second embodiment (Figures 3 and 4) presents a semi-circular or domed shape, flaring towards the back. It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the ball 94b is shaped so that its center of pivoting (not shown) coincides with the orifice of the nozzle disc 44. Each support part is formed on a flange 104a, 104b which is formed in the vicinity an unreferenced end of the barrel holder, at the rear of it. The flange 104a, 104b is stressed axially on the ring 96a, 96b forming a seat, by through elastic means 106.

Les moyens élastiques 106 sont formés par des ressorts de compression (même référence) logés dans une bague annulaire 108 (voir figure 2), dite bague de poussée, rapportée à l'intérieur du carter 2. La bague 108 qui est extérieurement filetée, est vissée dans le carter 2 en étant engagée dans son taraudage 18. On remarquera que la bague de poussée 108 est montée dans le carter 2 autour de l'écrou de raccordement 6, mais avec un jeu radial et avec un jeu axial par rapport à celui-ci.The elastic means 106 are formed by compression springs (same reference) housed in a annular ring 108 (see Figure 2), called ring thrust, reported inside the casing 2. The ring 108 which is externally threaded, is screwed into the casing 2 while being engaged in its internal thread 18. We notice that the push ring 108 is mounted in the casing 2 around the connecting nut 6, but with a radial clearance and with axial clearance with respect thereto.

La position axiale de la bague 108 dans le carter 2 peut être réglée indépendamment de la position de l'écrou 6, pour ajuster la pression élastique des ressorts de compression 106 sur l'arrière de la collerette 104a,104b. Pour cela, la bague 108 comporte des orifices de prise, non représentés, conformés pour recevoir un outil de réglage, de même non représenté.The axial position of the ring 108 in the casing 2 can be adjusted regardless of nut position 6, to adjust the elastic pressure of the springs compression 106 on the back of the collar 104a, 104b. For this, the ring 108 has tap holes, not shown, configured to receive a adjustment, likewise not shown.

On remarquera que l'extrémité avant de l'écrou de raccordement 6 plonge dans la partie arrière évidée du porte-canon 62, de façon coaxiale à celui-ci et avec un jeu radial suffisant pour permettre le pivotement du porte-canon 62 dans le carter 2.Note that the front end of the nut connection 6 plunges into the hollowed-out rear part of the gun holder 62, coaxially therewith and with a sufficient radial clearance to allow the pivoting of the gun holder 62 in the housing 2.

L'écrou 6 comporte par ailleurs à son extrémité avant un joint d'étanchéité 110 (voir figure 2), du type joint torique, en appui radial sur le porte-canon 62.
   les moyens de réglage selon l'invention comportent de plus des vis 112 (notamment au nombre de quatre, décalées à 90°, deux d'entre elles étant ici uniquement représentées) qui permettent le blocage du porte-canon 62 en position fixe par rapport au carter 2.The nut 6 also comprises at its front end a seal 110 (see FIG. 2), of the O-ring type, in radial abutment on the barrel holder 62.
the adjustment means according to the invention further comprise screws 112 (in particular four in number, offset by 90 °, two of them being here only shown) which allow the barrel holder 62 to be locked in a fixed position relative to to housing 2.

Les vis 112 sont montées dans le carter 2, à l'avant de celui-ci et elles agissent radialement sur le pourtour extérieur du porte-canon 62.The screws 112 are mounted in the casing 2, at the front of it and they act radially around the perimeter outside of the gun holder 62.

Les moyens de réglage selon l'invention comprennent en outre un dispositif de visée selon deux modes de réalisation (figures 2, 4 et 5) qui comporte un support 122 agencé pour pouvoir être rapporté dans le porte-canon 62. Ce support 122 est représenté vu de face en traits pleins et, sur les figures 2 et 4, il est aussi vu de côté schématiquement en traits interrompus.The adjustment means according to the invention comprise in addition a sighting device according to two modes of embodiment (Figures 2, 4 and 5) which includes a support 122 designed to be attached to the barrel holder 62. This support 122 is shown seen from the front in lines full and, in Figures 2 and 4, it is also seen from the side schematically in broken lines.

Le dispositif de visée 120a,120b, (et plus précisément son support 122) comporte un canon de réglage 124 qui est destiné, comme on le voit sur la figure 2, à venir se loger dans le porte-canon 62, à la place du canon de découpage 60, dans l'alésage 64.The sighting device 120a, 120b, (and more precisely its support 122) has an adjustment barrel 124 which is intended, as seen in Figure 2, to come and stay in the barrel holder 62, instead of the barrel cutting 60, in bore 64.

On observe toutefois que ce canon de réglage 124 présente un diamètre intérieur DR supérieur au diamètre intérieur DD (figure 1) du canon de découpage 60. Le jet d'eau J peut donc traverser le canon de réglage 124 sans toucher la paroi interne de celui-ci et sans être perturbé, lors de l'opération de réglage.It is however observed that this adjustment barrel 124 has an internal diameter DR greater than the diameter DD interior (Figure 1) of the cutting gun 60. The jet of water J can therefore pass through the adjustment barrel 124 without touch the inner wall of it and without being disturbed during the adjustment operation.

Le support 122 est formé par une pièce en forme de "C" dont une branche 126 forme une embase dans laquelle est logée une cible 128a,128b, tandis qu'une autre branche 130 porte le canon de réglage 124 qui est orienté de façon normale à la cible 128a,128b. Les deux branches 126 et 130 sont reliées par une troisième, 127, dite branche de liaison.The support 122 is formed by a piece in the form of "C", a branch 126 of which forms a base in which is housed a target 128a, 128b, while another branch 130 carries the adjustment barrel 124 which is oriented so normal to target 128a, 128b. The two branches 126 and 130 are connected by a third, 127, called branch of liaison.

Selon le premier mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 2, la cible 128a est constituée essentiellement par une pastille interchangeable de forme plane montée de façon amovible dans le support 122, et plus particulièrement dans la branche 126. A cet effet, la branche 126 qui est essentiellement circulaire comporte un écrou 132 qui assure le blocage de la cible 128a. La pastille formant la cible 128a comporte un orifice centrale 134 en direction duquel le jet d'eau J est pointé lors du réglage. Grâce à la structure ajourée du support 122, un opérateur peut, lors du réglage, observer sur pratiquement tous les côtés (sur environ 300°) l'impact du jet d'eau J fourni à basse pression, mais de façon cohérente grâce à la douille 26, sur la cible 128a.According to the first embodiment shown in Figure 2, the target 128a consists essentially of an interchangeable flat-shaped pad mounted on removably in support 122, and more particularly in branch 126. To this end, the branch 126 which is essentially circular has a nut 132 which blocks the target 128a. The pellet forming the target 128a has an orifice control unit 134 towards which the water jet J is pointed during adjustment. Thanks to the openwork structure of the support 122, an operator can, during the setting, observe on practically all sides (over approximately 300 °) the impact of J water jet supplied at low pressure, but so consistent through the socket 26, on the target 128a.

En se référant désormais plus particulièrement aux figures 4 et 5, on décrira ci-après un dispositif de visée 120b selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. Ce dispositif de visée 120b diffère du dispositif 120a par sa cible 128b qui, bien que montée de façon identique dans le support 122, présente par rapport à la cible 128a une structure permettant un réglage encore plus aisé et plus fin. Referring now more particularly to Figures 4 and 5, we will describe below a sighting device 120b according to a second embodiment of the invention. This sighting device 120b differs from the device 120a by its target 128b which, although mounted identically in the support 122, presents with respect to the target 128a a structure allowing even easier and more adjustment end.

En effet, la cible 128b comporte une embase 140 de même maintenue dans la branche 126 par l'écrou 132, mais de laquelle s'élève en son centre un pointeur 142 de forme pyramidale, orienté vers l'arrière de la tête 1, c'est-à-dire vers la sortie du canon de réglage 124. Le pointeur 142 est engagé à force dans l'embase 140. Il comporte quatre faces convergeantes planes 142a à 142d (figure 5) inclinées d'un angle α d'environ 10° par rapport à la direction de sortie du jet d'eau J, et donc par rapport à l'axe géométrique longitudinal du dispositif de visée 120b.Indeed, the target 128b has a base 140 of even held in branch 126 by nut 132, but from which rises in its center a pointer 142 of form pyramidal, oriented towards the back of the head 1, i.e. towards the exit of the adjustment barrel 124. The pointer 142 is forcibly engaged in the base 140. It comprises four plane converging faces 142a to 142d (Figure 5) inclined at an angle α of approximately 10 ° relative to the direction of exit of the water jet J, and therefore with respect to the longitudinal geometric axis of the sighting device 120b.

De part et d'autre du pointeur pyramidale 142 sont ménagées dans l'embase 140 quatre creusures oblongues 144a à 144d orientées parallèlement aux bases du pointeur 142, ainsi que dans le prolongement de ses quatre faces 142a à 142d.On either side of the pyramid pointer 142 are formed in the base 140 four oblong recesses 144a to 144d oriented parallel to the bases of the pointer 142, as well as in the extension of its four faces 142a to 142d.

Ces quatre creusures 144a à 144d ont respectivement une forme de cuvette évasée à l'entrée, et elles sont ouvertes vers le jet d'eau J. On précisera ici que les quatre creusures 144a à 144d sont toutes calibrées à la même dimension. L'embase 140 est par exemple réalisée en aluminium tandis que le pointeur 142 est réalisé en un matériau dur, tel que du carbure de tungstène.These four hollows 144a to 144d have respectively a flared bowl shape at the entrance, and they are open towards the water jet J. It will be specified here that the four hollows 144a to 144d are all calibrated to the same dimension. The base 140 is for example made of aluminum while the pointer 142 is made in one hard material, such as tungsten carbide.

Le procédé de réglage de la tête selon l'invention est le suivant.The head adjustment method according to the invention is the next.

Tout d'abord, on desserre la pince 66 pour libérer le canon de découpage 60 que l'on sort du porte-canon 62.First, we loosen the clamp 66 to release the cutting barrel 60 which comes out of the barrel holder 62.

A la place du canon de découpage 60, on insert, dans le porte-canon 62, le support 122 en introduisant le canon de réglage 124 dans l'alésage 64.Instead of the cutting barrel 60, we insert, in the gun holder 62, the support 122 by introducing the gun adjustment 124 in bore 64.

Après avoir bloqué le canon de réglage 124, grâce à la pince 66, on desserre les vis 112 pour permettre au porte-canon 62 et au dispositif de visée 120a,120b de pivoter par rapport au carter 2, par l'intermédiaire de la rotule 94a,94b.After blocking the adjustment barrel 124, thanks to the clamp 66, the screws 112 are loosened to allow the gun holder 62 and to the sighting device 120a, 120b of pivot relative to the casing 2, via the ball 94a, 94b.

L'eau étant fournie via l'alimentation A à basse pression, un jet d'eau J cohérent, grâce à la forme du conduit 27 de la douille 26, se forme à la sortie du canon de réglage et vient frapper la cible 128a,128b. Le dispositif de visée 120a,120b est alors déplacé manuellement, par l'opérateur non représenté, en faisant pivoter le porte-canon 62 par rapport au carter 2.Water being supplied via supply A at low pressure, a coherent jet of water, thanks to the shape of the conduit 27 of sleeve 26, forms at the outlet of the barrel adjustment and hits the target 128a, 128b. The sighting device 120a, 120b is then moved manually, by the operator not shown, by doing pivot the barrel holder 62 relative to the casing 2.

Dans la mise en oeuvre du dispositif 120a (figure 2), le porte-canon 62 est bloqué grâce aux vis 112 lorsque le jet d'eau J est mis en coincidence avec l'orifice 134.In the implementation of the device 120a (FIG. 2), the gun holder 62 is blocked by the screws 112 when the water jet J is placed in coincidence with orifice 134.

Pour ce qui est du dispositif de visée 120b (figure 4) l'opérateur, après avoir ouvert l'alimentation en eau basse pression, déplace le pointeur pyramidale 142 jusqu'à ce que sa pointe se trouve parfaitement sous le jet d'eau J et que quatre faisceaux d'eau identiques (non représentés) se forment à la sortie des quatre creusures calibrées de l'embase 140, sous le dispositif de visée 120b. Une quelconque différence de forme dans l'un des faisceaux à la sortie du dispositif indique à l'opérateur une erreur de réglage et le sens dans lequel il doit déplacer le porte-canon 62.Regarding the sighting device 120b (figure 4) the operator, after opening the water supply low pressure, moves the pyramid pointer 142 to that its tip is perfectly under the jet of water J and that four identical water bundles (not shown) form at the exit of the four recesses calibrated from base 140, under the sighting device 120b. Any difference in form in any of the beams at the exit of the device indicates to the operator a setting error and the direction in which it should move the barrel holder 62.

L'opération de réglage terminée, le dispositif de visée est débloqué en desserrant la pince 66, puis sorti. Ensuite, on repositionne, dans le porte-canon 62, le canon de découpage 60 qui désormais est disposé de façon parfaitement coaxiale au jet de travail J.Once the adjustment operation has been completed, the sight is released by loosening the clamp 66, then out. Then, we reposition, in the barrel holder 62, the barrel cutting 60 which is now arranged so perfectly coaxial with the working jet J.

Claims (15)

  1. Machining head for a water jet cutting machine, including :
    a casing (2) intended to be fixedly mounted on the cutting machine (D),
    admission means (28) intended to be coupled to a feed source (A) of water under pressure,
    an acceleration nozzle (22) fixed to the casing (2) and connected to the admission means (28), such nozzle (22) being intended to form a water jet (J) at high velocity, suitable to effect cutting of a material,
    a cutting pipe (60) arranged to receive the water jet (J) emitted by the acceleration nozzle (22),
    a pipe carrier (62) maintaining the cutting pipe (60) in position relative to the casing (2), and
    regulating means (120a, 120b, 112, 94a, 94b) which permit regulation of the position of the pipe carrier (62) relative to the casing (2) in order to adjust the orientation of the cutting pipe (60) in a manner coaxial to the jet (J) emitted by the nozzle (22),
       such head being characterized in that said regulating means comprise an aiming device (120a, 120b) including a target (128a, 128b) mounted or housed in a support (122) arranged so as to be able to be mounted in said pipe carrier (62).
  2. Machining head according to claim 1, characterized in that said support (122) is formed in order to come to be positioned in the pipe carrier (62) in place of the cutting pipe (60).
  3. Machining head according to claim 2, characterized in that said support (122) includes a regulating pipe (124) arranged to be housed in the pipe carrier (62) in place of the cutting pipe (60), such regulating pipe (124) being of an interior diameter (DR) greater than that (DP) of the cutting pipe (60).
  4. Machining head according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said target (128b) is constituted by a marker (142) of pyramidal form supported by a seat (140) assembled in a detachable manner in said support (122) and in which seat are formed four hollows (144a to 144d) arranged about the marker (142).
  5. Machining head according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the regulating means include articulation means (94a, 94b) permitting a pivoting of the pipe carrier (62) relative to the acceleration nozzle (22) which is fixedly mounted relative to the casing (2), such articulation means being constituted by an universal joint (94a, 94b) arranged between the pipe carrier (62) and said casing (2), such universal joint (94a, 94b) being constituted by a ring (96a, 96b) forming a seat, surrounding the pipe carrier (62), such ring (96a, 96b), which is supported by the casing (2), exhibiting a support surface (100a, 100b) on which rests a bearing portion (102a, 102b) formed on the pipe carrier (62).
  6. Machining head according to claim 5, characterized in that said bearing portion (102a, 102b) is formed on a collar (104a, 104b) arranged in the neighbourhood of an end of the pipe carrier (62), such collar (104a, 104b) being axially urged onto the ring (96a, 96b) forming a seat through the agency of elastic means (106).
  7. Machining head according to claim 6, characterized in that the elastic means (106) are formed by compression springs housed in a ring (108) of the so-called thrust type mounted on the interior of the casing (2).
  8. Machining head according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the regulating means include screws (112) permitting the jamming of the pipe carrier (62) in a fixed position relative to the casing (2), such jamming screws (112) being mounted in said casing (2) and acting radially on the outer periphery of the pipe carrier (62).
  9. Aiming device for the setting of a water jet cutting machining head, characterized in that it includes a support (122) provided with a target (128b), comprising a marker (142) and a regulating pipe (124), said marker being oriented towards the output of the regulating pipe (124).
  10. Aiming device according to claim 9, characterized in that said marker (142) is of a pyramidal form.
  11. Aiming device according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that said marker is supported by a seat (140) mounted in a detachable manner in said support (122) and in which seat are formed four hollows (144a to 144d) arranged on both sides of the marker (142).
  12. Aiming device according to claim 11, characterized in that said seat (140) is maintained in said support (122) by a nut (132).
  13. Aiming device according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that said four hollows (144a to 144d) are oriented parallel to the base of said marker (142).
  14. Aiming device according to one of claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the four hollows (144a to 144d) are positioned respectively in the extension of four planar convergent faces (142a to 142d) of the marker (142).
  15. Aiming device according to one of claims 11 to 14, characterized in that said four hollows (144a to 144d) are all calibrated to the same dimension.
EP93909747A 1992-06-01 1993-05-27 Machining head of a water-jet cutting machine and sighting device intended to be fitted on such head Expired - Lifetime EP0597057B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9206695 1992-06-01
FR9206695 1992-06-01
PCT/CH1993/000138 WO1993024277A1 (en) 1992-06-01 1993-05-27 Machining head of a water-jet cutting machine and sighting device intended to be fitted on such head

Publications (2)

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EP0597057A1 EP0597057A1 (en) 1994-05-18
EP0597057B1 true EP0597057B1 (en) 1998-08-12

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EP93909747A Expired - Lifetime EP0597057B1 (en) 1992-06-01 1993-05-27 Machining head of a water-jet cutting machine and sighting device intended to be fitted on such head

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US (1) US5469768A (en)
EP (1) EP0597057B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06509520A (en)
AT (1) ATE169544T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69320301T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2122004T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1993024277A1 (en)

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CN102554967B (en) * 2010-12-23 2014-03-26 中国核动力研究设计院 Water jet cutting actuating device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69320301T2 (en) 1999-04-08
WO1993024277A1 (en) 1993-12-09
JPH06509520A (en) 1994-10-27
EP0597057A1 (en) 1994-05-18
DE69320301D1 (en) 1998-09-17
US5469768A (en) 1995-11-28
ATE169544T1 (en) 1998-08-15
ES2122004T3 (en) 1998-12-16

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