EP0592547B1 - Pile driving machine - Google Patents
Pile driving machine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0592547B1 EP0592547B1 EP92914725A EP92914725A EP0592547B1 EP 0592547 B1 EP0592547 B1 EP 0592547B1 EP 92914725 A EP92914725 A EP 92914725A EP 92914725 A EP92914725 A EP 92914725A EP 0592547 B1 EP0592547 B1 EP 0592547B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mast
- pile
- sledge
- driving head
- machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002828 fuel tank Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
- E21B7/025—Rock drills, i.e. jumbo drills
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D13/00—Accessories for placing or removing piles or bulkheads, e.g. noise attenuating chambers
- E02D13/04—Guide devices; Guide frames
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/20—Placing by pressure or pulling power
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B15/00—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts
- E21B15/04—Supports for the drilling machine, e.g. derricks or masts specially adapted for directional drilling, e.g. slant hole rigs
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a machine for driving a pile into the ground, comprising a mobile frame, compartments for ballast, a in relation to the mobile frame transversely displaceable second frame carrying a mast having a driving head with a hat-shaped portion fixed against rotation for contacting the top of the pile, the second frame being a sledge displaceable transversely to the moving direction of the mobile frame, which moving direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the machine, said sledge carrying the mast, which is suspended pivotally about a transverse axis, a first means for moving the driving head towards the top of the mast and a second means for moving the driving head towards the foot of the mast, thereby driving down the pile.
- a machine of this type having a rectangular, mobile supporting frame, which by means of wheels at each frame corner may be driven over the building site on rails laid out in advance.
- the transversely displaceable frame carries two ballast boxes and a vertical, stationary mast supported by inclined stays.
- the driving head is pulled down by a wire, the ends of which are carried over two-part winch drums.
- This machine has the drawback that it has to be driven over the building site on rails, whereby the driving of piles not standing in a row becomes difficult, as the rails have to be relaid several times. Furthermore, piles cannot be driven down close to a wall, as the mast can only be moved within the area defined by the rails, and it is not possible either to drive down inclined piles with this known machine.
- the machine has a mobile frame with a mast, which can be lifted from a transport position to a working position, and a table movable along the mast, said table being adapted to hold and to rotate the drill string.
- a mobile frame with a mast, which can be lifted from a transport position to a working position, and a table movable along the mast, said table being adapted to hold and to rotate the drill string.
- By means of an arrangement of cables and a winch drum fitted in the mast it is possible to move the table along the mast with a view to adjusting the weight applied by the drill string to the drill head working in the bore hole.
- Such a machine is not usable for driving down piles.
- US Patent No. 3,529,679 describes a drilling machine in which the mast is mounted at one end of a long horizontal shaft, the other end of which is connected to a rotatable platform mounted in the mobile frame.
- the design only allows drilling operations to be carried out in front of the machine and along arches stretching 90° to either side, but not between the tracks of the mobile frame.
- CH Patent No. 556 953 describes a hydraulic pile driver comprising a mobile frame, a vertically displaceable horizontal platform carried by vertical hydraulic cylinders, and a housing elastically suspended from the platform, the housing containing a vibrating mechanism and a clamping mechanism for gripping the pile below the top end.
- the hydraulic cylinders are mounted on a transverse sledge in order to allow for the alternating lateral offsets of the piles, thereby eliminating the need for relocating the pile driver laterally for each pile.
- the clamping mechanism also has a limited freedom of movement in a horizontal plane to allow for slight angular deviations between the pile to be driven down and the preceding pile.
- the machine according to the invention differs from the ones mentioned by way of introduction in that the mobile frame is self-propelled and adapted to move over the ground by means of crawler tracks, that the mast is suspended tiltably about a longitudinal axis in a bracket carried by said transverse sledge and is pivotal from a horizontal into a sloping or a vertical working position, that the transverse sledge is carried by a longitudinal sledge displaceable lengthwise to the frame, said longitudinal sledge being carried itself by the mobile frame, and that the longitudinal sledge is displaceable from a position, in which the mast is located at the centre of the machine, to a position, in which the mast is located at the front of the machine.
- the machine may have means for moving and locking the bracket in relation to the transverse sledge, the transverse sledge in relation to the longitudinal sledge, and the longitudinal sledge in relation to the frame, respectively, and the means for moving and locking the bracket, the transverse sledge, and the longitudinal sledge are hydraulic cylinders.
- the use of such means has the effect that the adjustment of the mast over the place, where a pile is to be driven down, can take place essentially faster than is the case with the known machine, where corresponding adjusting and locking movements take place manually.
- the use of hydraulic cylinders has the advantage that the cylinders may be used both for displacing the various elements to new positions and to hold them in these positions.
- the mast may have a U-shaped cross-section adapted to surround the pile at three of its sides
- the driving head may be displaceably guided in the mast
- a holder displaceable along the mast may be provided, said holder being an opening, rectangular frame with a supporting block at each frame side to contact the pile.
- the opening frame also prevents the pile from bending.
- the frame is used in the following way. When the pile has been positioned in the mast, the frame is placed at a height above the ground, which corresponds to about half the length of the pile, and is then closed tightly around the pile. During the driving of the pile the frame is carried along down the mast, in which it is guided. When the pile has been driven so far down that the frame is just above the ground, the frame is removed and the pile may now be driven down to its final position without any risk of bending or buckling.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is characteristic in that the second means is a chain, which from an anchor point at the foot of the mast is taken directly over a sprocket wheel on the driving head to a second sprocket wheel at the foot of the mast, and from there to a third sprocket wheel mounted in the mast, said third sprocket wheel being driven by a motor.
- a chain as a pulling means a safer transfer of the force to the pile is achieved than is the case when using a wire, and by letting in another embodiment the straight runs of the chain be substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mast and by letting them run inside the mast or along the exterior thereof, the mast will not be subjected to bending moments during driving of a pile.
- the first means for moving the driving head towards the top of the mast is the chain, which from the motor-driven third sprocket wheel is taken via a sprocket wheel in the top of the mast over an upper sprocket wheel on the driving head to an anchor point at the top of the mast.
- the chain only runs inside or along the mast, thereby making it possible in an uncomplicated way to pivot and/or tilt the mast.
- the machine according to the invention is characteristic in that the second means for moving the driving head towards the foot of the mast is a hydraulic jack, of which one end is coupled to the driving head, and the other, which faces the top of the mast, is fastened to a locking head displaceably guided in the mast, said locking head having spring-loaded locking pawls engaging a plurality of projecting locking members placed in the mast.
- a hydraulic jack By using such a hydraulic jack, a so-called climbing cylinder, for driving the pile into the ground, a simplification of the machine is attained in comparison with the above described embodiment, in which the pile is driven into the ground by traction or pulling.
- the hydraulic jack it is not possible to drive long piles in one step.
- the described embodiment also has the advantage that it is easy to enclose all moving parts, whereby the work of maintaining the machine is reduced.
- the second means for moving the driving head towards the foot of the mast is a wire, which from a winch drum on the mast is taken over a pulley in the top of the mast to an eye on the locking head, and in that the eye on the locking head is movable and connected with the locking pawls in such a way that they are released from engagement with the projecting locking members in the mast, when the locking head and the driving head are lifted by means of said wire.
- the driving head may comprise a measuring cell for measurement of the driving force applied to the pile, and the measuring cell may be a weighing cell, which is inserted between the body of the driving head and a movable plate in the hat-shaped portion, said plate forming a pad for the top of the pile during the driving down of the pile.
- the measuring cell may be a weighing cell, which is inserted between the body of the driving head and a movable plate in the hat-shaped portion, said plate forming a pad for the top of the pile during the driving down of the pile.
- the machine shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing has a frame 1 with wheels provided with crawler tracks 2.
- the frame also carries a housing or an enclosure 3, which is shown schematically, and comprises compartments 4 and 5 for ballast as well as a compartment 6 for equipment such as diesel engines for propulsion, fuel tanks, electric generators, etc. necessary for the operation of the machine.
- the machine has a mast 7 suspended in a bracket 8 in such a way that it can pivot about horizontal trunnions 9 journalled partly in the bracket 8 and partly in side plates 10 on each side of the mast.
- the mast 7 may be swung from the illustrated vertical position to a transport position 12.
- the mast 7 may also by means of the working cylinders 11 be placed in an inclined position 13 for driving down inclined piles, just as it may be placed in a position 14, in which the mast is leaning a bit forwards, for instance at an angle of 5° with vertical.
- Fig. 2 shows schematically a part of the frame 1 forming a platform, which carries a diesel engine 16, which runs a hydraulic pump 17 driving a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic jack, as will be explained later.
- a diesel engine 16 which runs a hydraulic pump 17 driving a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic jack, as will be explained later.
- a hydraulic pump 17 driving a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic jack
- the frame has at each side a longitudinal rail 27, on which a longitudinal sledge 21 may slide lead by guides 26 at each end of the sledge and moved by hydraulic cylinders 25.
- the longitudinal sledge carries a transverse sledge 20, which by means of rails and guides (not shown) may slide on the longitudinal sledge 21 transversely to the machine.
- the adjustment of the position of the sledge 20 is carried out by means of transversely arranged hydraulic cylinders 24, which as shown in Fig. 2 are hinged at one end to the transverse sledge 20 and at the other end to the longitudinal sledge 21.
- the transverse sledge 20 has an opening, in which a plate or cradle 18 is pivotally suspended about a horizontal longitudinal axis 19.
- the plate 18 carries the bracket 8 and the lower ends of the previously mentioned hydraulic cylinders for swinging the mast from a working position into a transport position.
- the mast 7 can as indicated with dot-and-dash lines 28 in Fig. 3 be tilted approx. 5° from side to side by means of vertical, hydraulic cylinders 23, the lower ends of which are connected with the transverse sledge 20 and the upper ends of which are hinged to fittings 22 welded to the bracket 8.
- the mast has as shown schematically in Fig. 7 a U-shaped cross-section formed by a rear plate 51 and flanges 52, which have on the inner side substantially closed portions defined by a front plate 53 and inner and outer panels 54, 55, respectively, the facing edges 56 of which form a slot for the body 31 of the driving head.
- Fig. 7 shows that the pile during the driving is lying completely inside the U-profile of the mast and any bending of the pile during the driving is thus limited in three directions.
- the machine may have a holder movable along the mast, said holder preventing the pile from bending in any direction during the driving operation.
- a driving head 30 with a body 31 and a hat-shaped portion 32 to receive the top of a pile 70.
- Fig. 4 shows the body 31 of the driving head 30, which during its movement in the mast is guided in the slot formed between the edges 56 of the panels 54 and 55.
- the machine is adapted to drive a pile into the ground by traction by means of a chain drive.
- the machine is adapted to press a pile into the ground.
- a chain 40 is at one end anchored in a point 41 at the foot of the mast and from there taken over a lower sprocket wheel 37 on the driving head to another sprocket wheel 43 at the foot of the mast and from there to a motor-driven sprocket 40 located in the side plate 10. From there the chain 40 is guided over a wheel 45 to a sprocket wheel 46 at the top of the mast, from where the chain is passed around an upper sprocket wheel 38 on the driving head to an anchor point 47 at the top of the mast.
- the driving head with sprocket wheels is shown in detail in Figs. 5-7, which show that the sprocket wheels 37 and 38 are journalled on trunnions 35 and 36, respectively, welded to the side edge of the body 31 of the driving head in such a way that the sprocket wheels and the chain are positioned in the above-mentioned, substantially closed portions inside the flanges 52 of the mast.
- Fig. 8 shows the embodiment in which the machine is adapted to press a pile into the ground, in which embodiment the mast 7 has a driving head 30, the body 31 of which as described above is guided in slots in the mast.
- the driving head is embodiment suspended from a locking head 85 by means of a double-acting hydraulic jack 80 with a piston rod 81 and a cylinder 82.
- the locking head 85 has a box-shaped body 86, which on two opposite sides has a pair of wings 87 (Fig. 9) extending into the slots formed between edges of panels 54 and 55, thereby guiding the locking head during its movement in the mast. Between the wings 87 in each pair of wings a locking pawl 88 is pivotally mounted on a pivot 89 carried by the wings.
- a compression spring 90 is arranged, said spring pressing the locking pawl towards the flange 52 on the mast, said flange carrying on its inner side a plurality of projecting members 91 equidistantly spaced over the whole length of the mast.
- the locking head 85 is suspended in a wire 92, which in a manner not shown is taken over a pulley in the top of the mast to a winch drum placed on the mast.
- the wire 92 is fastened in a longitudinally displaceable eyebolt 93, which has an end stop 94.
- a wire 95 is attached to the end stop and carried over rollers 96 to the locking pawls 88.
- the arrangement works in the following way.
- a pile to be driven is placed in the mast, and the driving head 30 with the locking head 85 is lowered gainst the top of the pile by means of the wire 92.
- the eyebolt 93 is drawn so far out of the locking head, that the end stop 94 prevents any further movement. Due to this the wire 95 has pulled the locking pawls against the locking head in such a way that the pawls go clear of the locking members 91 in the mast.
- the hydraulic jack is now charged with oil under pressure and extends to lift the locking head. Thereby the load on the wires 92 and 95 is relieved in such a way that the locking pawls 88 are pressed against the sides of the mast by the springs and engage the locking members 91, whereby the locking head is prevented from moving further upwards. This causes the pile to be pressed down until the hydraulic jack has reached its full length. The oil flow is then reversed to contract the jack, whereby the locking head assisted by its own weight slides down along the mast until the oil flow is reversed again and the described cycle repeated.
- Fig. 10 shows a holder 71 for the pile 70.
- the holder 71 forms a frame 72 with three sides 74, 75, 76, which are fixed, and one side 77, which can be swung on a hinge 78 on the side 76 and which can be kept in closed position by means of a bolt (not shown), which is inserted through an eye 79 and a corresponding eye 80 on the side 74.
- Each frame side carries a support block 73, which, when the frame is closed, rests against the pile 70.
- the frame sides 74 and 76 carry guides 91 having surfaces 92 abutting the edges 56 of panels 54 and 55 and are thus guided by these edges during the movement of the holder along the mast.
- the driving head 30 carries a housing 33 for a weighing cell 60 for measuring the driving force applied to the pile 70.
- the weighing cell is connected with a measuring instrument by means of a cable 61 threaded through a bore 61 in the housing 33.
- the weighing cell rests with its under side against a pressure plate 63 transferring the force to the pile via a pressure pad 64 having a spherical protrusion 65.
- the pressure plate 63 and the pressure pad 64 fit loosely into a recess 66 in the driving head in such a way that the entire piling force is transferred from the housing 33 through the weighing cell 60 to the top of the pile.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Transplanting Machines (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
- Lighting Device Outwards From Vehicle And Optical Signal (AREA)
- Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
- Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Audible-Bandwidth Dynamoelectric Transducers Other Than Pickups (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- The present invention relates to a machine for driving a pile into the ground, comprising a mobile frame, compartments for ballast, a in relation to the mobile frame transversely displaceable second frame carrying a mast having a driving head with a hat-shaped portion fixed against rotation for contacting the top of the pile, the second frame being a sledge displaceable transversely to the moving direction of the mobile frame, which moving direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the machine, said sledge carrying the mast, which is suspended pivotally about a transverse axis, a first means for moving the driving head towards the top of the mast and a second means for moving the driving head towards the foot of the mast, thereby driving down the pile.
- From GB Patent No. 633,758 a machine of this type is known, said machine having a rectangular, mobile supporting frame, which by means of wheels at each frame corner may be driven over the building site on rails laid out in advance. The transversely displaceable frame carries two ballast boxes and a vertical, stationary mast supported by inclined stays. The driving head is pulled down by a wire, the ends of which are carried over two-part winch drums.
- This machine has the drawback that it has to be driven over the building site on rails, whereby the driving of piles not standing in a row becomes difficult, as the rails have to be relaid several times. Furthermore, piles cannot be driven down close to a wall, as the mast can only be moved within the area defined by the rails, and it is not possible either to drive down inclined piles with this known machine.
- From US Patent No. 3,717,205 a machine for the drilling of for instance oil or gas wells is known. The machine has a mobile frame with a mast, which can be lifted from a transport position to a working position, and a table movable along the mast, said table being adapted to hold and to rotate the drill string. By means of an arrangement of cables and a winch drum fitted in the mast it is possible to move the table along the mast with a view to adjusting the weight applied by the drill string to the drill head working in the bore hole. Such a machine is not usable for driving down piles.
- US Patent No. 3,529,679 describes a drilling machine in which the mast is mounted at one end of a long horizontal shaft, the other end of which is connected to a rotatable platform mounted in the mobile frame. The design only allows drilling operations to be carried out in front of the machine and along arches stretching 90° to either side, but not between the tracks of the mobile frame.
- CH Patent No. 556 953 describes a hydraulic pile driver comprising a mobile frame, a vertically displaceable horizontal platform carried by vertical hydraulic cylinders, and a housing elastically suspended from the platform, the housing containing a vibrating mechanism and a clamping mechanism for gripping the pile below the top end. In a preferred embodiment for driving down sheet-piling, the hydraulic cylinders are mounted on a transverse sledge in order to allow for the alternating lateral offsets of the piles, thereby eliminating the need for relocating the pile driver laterally for each pile. In this embodiment the clamping mechanism also has a limited freedom of movement in a horizontal plane to allow for slight angular deviations between the pile to be driven down and the preceding pile.
- It is the object of the invention to provide a machine of the kind mentioned by way of introduction and which does not have the drawbacks known from the machines described above.
- The machine according to the invention differs from the ones mentioned by way of introduction in that the mobile frame is self-propelled and adapted to move over the ground by means of crawler tracks, that the mast is suspended tiltably about a longitudinal axis in a bracket carried by said transverse sledge and is pivotal from a horizontal into a sloping or a vertical working position, that the transverse sledge is carried by a longitudinal sledge displaceable lengthwise to the frame, said longitudinal sledge being carried itself by the mobile frame, and that the longitudinal sledge is displaceable from a position, in which the mast is located at the centre of the machine, to a position, in which the mast is located at the front of the machine.
- This makes it possible to move the machine freely over the building site and to drive down piles in any position. Owing to the fact that the mast is displaceable to the front of the machine, it becomes possible for instance to drive down piles close to a wall, and by tilting or pivoting the mast, it becomes possible to drive down a pile vertically, even though the surface of the ground of the piling site is not horizontal. The pivotable mast also makes the driving down of inclined piles possible.
- In other embodiments the machine may have means for moving and locking the bracket in relation to the transverse sledge, the transverse sledge in relation to the longitudinal sledge, and the longitudinal sledge in relation to the frame, respectively, and the means for moving and locking the bracket, the transverse sledge, and the longitudinal sledge are hydraulic cylinders. The use of such means has the effect that the adjustment of the mast over the place, where a pile is to be driven down, can take place essentially faster than is the case with the known machine, where corresponding adjusting and locking movements take place manually. The use of hydraulic cylinders has the advantage that the cylinders may be used both for displacing the various elements to new positions and to hold them in these positions.
- In other embodiments the mast may have a U-shaped cross-section adapted to surround the pile at three of its sides, the driving head may be displaceably guided in the mast, and a holder displaceable along the mast may be provided, said holder being an opening, rectangular frame with a supporting block at each frame side to contact the pile. These measures all aim at preventing slender piles from bending during the driving down. This is possible partly on account of the fact that they may find support against the mast, partly on account of the fact that the driving head is guided in the mast in such a way that it cannot move to the side, for instance on account of an excentric load.
- The opening frame also prevents the pile from bending. The frame is used in the following way. When the pile has been positioned in the mast, the frame is placed at a height above the ground, which corresponds to about half the length of the pile, and is then closed tightly around the pile. During the driving of the pile the frame is carried along down the mast, in which it is guided. When the pile has been driven so far down that the frame is just above the ground, the frame is removed and the pile may now be driven down to its final position without any risk of bending or buckling.
- A preferred embodiment of the invention is characteristic in that the second means is a chain, which from an anchor point at the foot of the mast is taken directly over a sprocket wheel on the driving head to a second sprocket wheel at the foot of the mast, and from there to a third sprocket wheel mounted in the mast, said third sprocket wheel being driven by a motor. By using a chain as a pulling means a safer transfer of the force to the pile is achieved than is the case when using a wire, and by letting in another embodiment the straight runs of the chain be substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mast and by letting them run inside the mast or along the exterior thereof, the mast will not be subjected to bending moments during driving of a pile.
- According to another embodiment the first means for moving the driving head towards the top of the mast is the chain, which from the motor-driven third sprocket wheel is taken via a sprocket wheel in the top of the mast over an upper sprocket wheel on the driving head to an anchor point at the top of the mast. Thereby it becomes unnecessary to take up the free end of the chain on a chain drum corresponding to the winch drums in the known machine. Furthermore, it is achieved that the chain only runs inside or along the mast, thereby making it possible in an uncomplicated way to pivot and/or tilt the mast. By choosing a hydraulic motor a particularly simple construction is attained.
- In another preferred embodiment the machine according to the invention is characteristic in that the second means for moving the driving head towards the foot of the mast is a hydraulic jack, of which one end is coupled to the driving head, and the other, which faces the top of the mast, is fastened to a locking head displaceably guided in the mast, said locking head having spring-loaded locking pawls engaging a plurality of projecting locking members placed in the mast. By using such a hydraulic jack, a so-called climbing cylinder, for driving the pile into the ground, a simplification of the machine is attained in comparison with the above described embodiment, in which the pile is driven into the ground by traction or pulling. However, when using the hydraulic jack it is not possible to drive long piles in one step. The described embodiment also has the advantage that it is easy to enclose all moving parts, whereby the work of maintaining the machine is reduced.
- In a modified embodiment of the machine the second means for moving the driving head towards the foot of the mast is a wire, which from a winch drum on the mast is taken over a pulley in the top of the mast to an eye on the locking head, and in that the eye on the locking head is movable and connected with the locking pawls in such a way that they are released from engagement with the projecting locking members in the mast, when the locking head and the driving head are lifted by means of said wire.
- In further embodiments the driving head may comprise a measuring cell for measurement of the driving force applied to the pile, and the measuring cell may be a weighing cell, which is inserted between the body of the driving head and a movable plate in the hat-shaped portion, said plate forming a pad for the top of the pile during the driving down of the pile. In the last-named embodiments it is possible to measure the piling force applied during the entire driving operation of the pile. By comparing this measurement with a measurement of the length, the pile has been driven, and the inclination of the pile and lateral direction during the driving, information becomes available, which could otherwise only be obtained by a subsequent trial loading of the pile. As the information is available immediately after the pile has been driven, a considerable saving of time and costs is achieved, because a subsequent trial loading may be omitted.
- The invention will be explained in detail in the following by means of a embodiment and with reference to the drawing, in which
- Fig. 1 is a side view of a machine according to the invention,
- Fig. 2 is a somewhat schematic partial view seen in the direction III-III in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 3 is a somewhat schematic partial view seen in the direction III-III in Fig. 1,
- Fig. 4 is a side view of the mast of the machine according to Fig. 1,
- Fig. 5 is a front view of a driving head,
- Fig. 6 is a side view of a driving head according to Fig. 5,
- Fig. 7 is a sectional view along the line VII-VII in Fig. 2,
- Fig. 8 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the machine with a hydraulic jack,
- Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the mast along the line IX-IX in Fig. 8,
- Fig. 10 is a cross-section of the mast with inserted pile showing a holder for the pile, and
- Fig. 11 is a partial cross-sectional view along the line XI-XI in Fig. 6.
- The machine shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing has a
frame 1 with wheels provided withcrawler tracks 2. The frame also carries a housing or anenclosure 3, which is shown schematically, and comprisescompartments 4 and 5 for ballast as well as acompartment 6 for equipment such as diesel engines for propulsion, fuel tanks, electric generators, etc. necessary for the operation of the machine. The machine has amast 7 suspended in abracket 8 in such a way that it can pivot about horizontal trunnions 9 journalled partly in thebracket 8 and partly inside plates 10 on each side of the mast. By means of twohydraulic cylinders 11, which at their lower ends are connected with thebracket 8 and with their upper ends via apin 28 are hinged to theside plate 10, themast 7 may be swung from the illustrated vertical position to a transport position 12. Themast 7 may also by means of the workingcylinders 11 be placed in aninclined position 13 for driving down inclined piles, just as it may be placed in aposition 14, in which the mast is leaning a bit forwards, for instance at an angle of 5° with vertical. - Fig. 2 shows schematically a part of the
frame 1 forming a platform, which carries adiesel engine 16, which runs ahydraulic pump 17 driving a hydraulic motor or a hydraulic jack, as will be explained later. For the sake of clarity neither the construction of the frame nor of thehousing 3 is shown. - As can best be seen in Fig. 3 the frame has at each side a
longitudinal rail 27, on which alongitudinal sledge 21 may slide lead byguides 26 at each end of the sledge and moved by hydraulic cylinders 25. - The longitudinal sledge carries a
transverse sledge 20, which by means of rails and guides (not shown) may slide on thelongitudinal sledge 21 transversely to the machine. The adjustment of the position of thesledge 20 is carried out by means of transversely arrangedhydraulic cylinders 24, which as shown in Fig. 2 are hinged at one end to thetransverse sledge 20 and at the other end to thelongitudinal sledge 21. Thetransverse sledge 20 has an opening, in which a plate orcradle 18 is pivotally suspended about a horizontallongitudinal axis 19. Theplate 18 carries thebracket 8 and the lower ends of the previously mentioned hydraulic cylinders for swinging the mast from a working position into a transport position. Themast 7 can as indicated with dot-and-dash lines 28 in Fig. 3 be tilted approx. 5° from side to side by means of vertical,hydraulic cylinders 23, the lower ends of which are connected with thetransverse sledge 20 and the upper ends of which are hinged tofittings 22 welded to thebracket 8. - By means of the arrangement described above it becomes possible to tilt the mast from side to side, to swing it from vertical to horizontal, to displace it from side to side and to displace the whole mast from the centre of the machine to its front edge as indicated in dotted lines at 26 in Fig. 2.
- The mast has as shown schematically in Fig. 7 a U-shaped cross-section formed by a
rear plate 51 andflanges 52, which have on the inner side substantially closed portions defined by afront plate 53 and inner andouter panels body 31 of the driving head. Fig. 7 shows that the pile during the driving is lying completely inside the U-profile of the mast and any bending of the pile during the driving is thus limited in three directions. As explained below with reference to Fig. 10 the machine may have a holder movable along the mast, said holder preventing the pile from bending in any direction during the driving operation. - In the mast is movably placed a driving
head 30 with abody 31 and a hat-shapedportion 32 to receive the top of apile 70. Fig. 4 shows thebody 31 of the drivinghead 30, which during its movement in the mast is guided in the slot formed between theedges 56 of thepanels - In the embodiment described in the following the machine is adapted to drive a pile into the ground by traction by means of a chain drive. In another embodiment, which will be described later, the machine is adapted to press a pile into the ground.
- As shown in Fig. 4 a
chain 40 is at one end anchored in a point 41 at the foot of the mast and from there taken over alower sprocket wheel 37 on the driving head to anothersprocket wheel 43 at the foot of the mast and from there to a motor-drivensprocket 40 located in theside plate 10. From there thechain 40 is guided over awheel 45 to asprocket wheel 46 at the top of the mast, from where the chain is passed around anupper sprocket wheel 38 on the driving head to ananchor point 47 at the top of the mast. - The driving head with sprocket wheels is shown in detail in Figs. 5-7, which show that the
sprocket wheels trunnions body 31 of the driving head in such a way that the sprocket wheels and the chain are positioned in the above-mentioned, substantially closed portions inside theflanges 52 of the mast. - Fig. 8 shows the embodiment in which the machine is adapted to press a pile into the ground, in which embodiment the
mast 7 has a drivinghead 30, thebody 31 of which as described above is guided in slots in the mast. In this embodiment the driving head is embodiment suspended from a lockinghead 85 by means of a double-actinghydraulic jack 80 with apiston rod 81 and acylinder 82. The lockinghead 85 has a box-shapedbody 86, which on two opposite sides has a pair of wings 87 (Fig. 9) extending into the slots formed between edges ofpanels wings 87 in each pair of wings a lockingpawl 88 is pivotally mounted on apivot 89 carried by the wings. Between the lockingpawl 88 and thebody 86 of the locking head acompression spring 90 is arranged, said spring pressing the locking pawl towards theflange 52 on the mast, said flange carrying on its inner side a plurality of projectingmembers 91 equidistantly spaced over the whole length of the mast. The lockinghead 85 is suspended in awire 92, which in a manner not shown is taken over a pulley in the top of the mast to a winch drum placed on the mast. Thewire 92 is fastened in a longitudinallydisplaceable eyebolt 93, which has anend stop 94. Furthermore, awire 95 is attached to the end stop and carried overrollers 96 to the lockingpawls 88. - The arrangement works in the following way. A pile to be driven is placed in the mast, and the driving
head 30 with the lockinghead 85 is lowered gainst the top of the pile by means of thewire 92. On account of the weight of the driving head and the locking head, theeyebolt 93 is drawn so far out of the locking head, that theend stop 94 prevents any further movement. Due to this thewire 95 has pulled the locking pawls against the locking head in such a way that the pawls go clear of the lockingmembers 91 in the mast. - The hydraulic jack is now charged with oil under pressure and extends to lift the locking head. Thereby the load on the
wires pawls 88 are pressed against the sides of the mast by the springs and engage the lockingmembers 91, whereby the locking head is prevented from moving further upwards. This causes the pile to be pressed down until the hydraulic jack has reached its full length. The oil flow is then reversed to contract the jack, whereby the locking head assisted by its own weight slides down along the mast until the oil flow is reversed again and the described cycle repeated. - Fig. 10 shows a
holder 71 for thepile 70. In closed condition theholder 71 forms aframe 72 with threesides 74, 75, 76, which are fixed, and oneside 77, which can be swung on ahinge 78 on theside 76 and which can be kept in closed position by means of a bolt (not shown), which is inserted through aneye 79 and acorresponding eye 80 on the side 74. Each frame side carries asupport block 73, which, when the frame is closed, rests against thepile 70. The frame sides 74 and 76 carry guides 91 havingsurfaces 92 abutting theedges 56 ofpanels - As shown best in Fig. 11 the driving
head 30 carries ahousing 33 for a weighing cell 60 for measuring the driving force applied to thepile 70. The weighing cell is connected with a measuring instrument by means of acable 61 threaded through abore 61 in thehousing 33. The weighing cell rests with its under side against apressure plate 63 transferring the force to the pile via apressure pad 64 having aspherical protrusion 65. Thepressure plate 63 and thepressure pad 64 fit loosely into arecess 66 in the driving head in such a way that the entire piling force is transferred from thehousing 33 through the weighing cell 60 to the top of the pile.
Claims (14)
- Machine for driving a pile into the ground, comprising a mobile frame (1), compartments (4,5) for ballast, a in relation to the mobile frame transversely displaceable second frame (20) carrying a mast (7) having a driving head (30) with a hat-shaped portion (32) fixed against rotation for contacting the top of the pile (70), the second frame being a sledge (20) displaceable transversely to the moving direction of the mobile frame (1), which moving direction corresponds to the longitudinal direction of the machine, said sledge carrying the mast, which is suspended pivotally about a transverse axis (9,9), a first means for moving the driving head (30) towards the top of the mast (7) and a second means (40) for moving the driving head towards the foot of the mast, thereby driving down the pile,
characterized in that the mobile frame (1) is self-propelled and adapted to move over the ground by means of crawler tracks, that the mast is suspended tiltably about a longitudinal axis (19) in a bracket (8) carried by said transverse sledge (20) and is pivotal from a horizontal into a sloping or a vertical working position, that the transverse sledge (20) is carried by a longitudinal sledge (21) displaceable lengthwise to the frame (1), said longitudinal sledge being carried itself by the mobile frame (1), and that the longitudinal sledge (21) is displaceable from a position, in which the mast (7) is located at the centre of the machine, to a position, in which the mast is located at the front of the machine. - Machine according to claim 1, characterized in that it has means (23, 24, 25) for moving and locking the bracket (8) in relation to the transverse sledge (20), the transverse sledge in relation to the longitudinal sledge (21), and the longitudinal sledge in relation to the frame (1), respectively.
- Machine according to claim 2, characterized in that the means for moving and locking the bracket (8), the transverse sledge (20), and the longitudinal sledge (21) are hydraulic cylinders (23, 24, 25).
- Machine according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the mast has a U-shaped cross-section adapted to surround the pile (70) at three of its sides, and that the driving head (30) is displaceably guided in the mast (7).
- Machine according to claims 1-4, characterized in that it is provided with a holder (71) displaceable along the mast, said holder being an opening, rectangular frame (72) with a supporting block (73) at each frame side (74, 75, 76, 77) to contact the pile (79).
- Machine according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the second means is a chain (40), which from an anchor point (41) at the foot of the mast (7) is taken directly over a sprocket wheel (37) on the driving head (30) to a second sprocket wheel (43) at the foot of the mast, and from there to a third sprocket wheel (44) mounted in the mast, said third sprocket wheel being driven by a motor (48).
- Machine according to claim 6, characterized in that the straight runs of the chain (40) are substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the mast (7) and run in the mast or along the exterior thereof.
- Machine according to claims 6 or 7, characterized in that the first means for moving the driving head (30) towards the top of the mast (7) is the chain (40), which from the motor-driven third sprocket wheel (44) is taken via a sprocket wheel (46) in the top of the mast over an upper sprocket wheel (38) on the driving head (30) to an anchor point (47) at the top of the mast.
- Machine according to claims 6-8, characterized in that the motor is a hydraulic motor (48).
- Machine according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the second means (40) for moving the driving head (30) towards the foot of the mast (7) is a hydraulic jack (80), of which one end is coupled to the driving head (30), and the other, which faces the top of the mast, is fastened to a locking head (85) displaceably guided in the mast, said locking head having spring-loaded locking pawls (88) engaging a plurality of projecting locking members (91) placed in the mast.
- Machine according to claim 10, characterized in that the second means for moving the driving head (30) towards the foot of the mast (7) is a wire (92), which from a winch drum on the mast is taken over a pulley in the top of the mast to an eye (93) on the locking head, and in that the eye on the locking head is movable and connected with the locking pawls in such a way that they are released from engagement with the projecting locking members in the mast, when the locking head and the driving head are lifted by means of said wire.
- Machine according to claims 1-11, characterized in that the compartments for ballast are placed in the mobile frame (1).
- Machine according to claims 1-12, characterized in that the driving head (30) comprises a measuring cell (60) for measurement of the driving force applied to the pile (70).
- Machine according to claims 1-13, characterized in that the measuring cell is a weighing cell (60), which is inserted between the body (31) of the driving head (31) and a movable plate (64) in the hat-shaped portion (32), said plate forming a pad for the top (70) of the pile during the driving of the pile.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK1296/91 | 1991-07-03 | ||
DK911296A DK129691D0 (en) | 1991-07-03 | 1991-07-03 | MACHINE FOR REDUCING A PAEL |
PCT/DK1992/000214 WO1993001364A1 (en) | 1991-07-03 | 1992-07-02 | Pile driving machine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0592547A1 EP0592547A1 (en) | 1994-04-20 |
EP0592547B1 true EP0592547B1 (en) | 1996-08-14 |
Family
ID=8103258
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP92914725A Expired - Lifetime EP0592547B1 (en) | 1991-07-03 | 1992-07-02 | Pile driving machine |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0592547B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE141362T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2311692A (en) |
DE (1) | DE69212832T2 (en) |
DK (2) | DK129691D0 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1993001364A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
MY147517A (en) | 2008-11-21 | 2012-12-31 | Ong Chin Dr Ir Chai | Pile driver for use in a confined space with limited head room |
CN102900368A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-01-30 | 摩尔动力(北京)技术股份有限公司 | Jet flow hole drilling machine |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3529679A (en) * | 1968-11-29 | 1970-09-22 | Ingersoll Rand Co | Drilling apparatus |
JPS539001B2 (en) * | 1973-05-18 | 1978-04-03 |
-
1991
- 1991-07-03 DK DK911296A patent/DK129691D0/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1992
- 1992-07-02 DE DE69212832T patent/DE69212832T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-07-02 EP EP92914725A patent/EP0592547B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-07-02 DK DK92914725.4T patent/DK0592547T3/en active
- 1992-07-02 AU AU23116/92A patent/AU2311692A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-07-02 AT AT92914725T patent/ATE141362T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-07-02 WO PCT/DK1992/000214 patent/WO1993001364A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE69212832D1 (en) | 1996-09-19 |
EP0592547A1 (en) | 1994-04-20 |
ATE141362T1 (en) | 1996-08-15 |
DK0592547T3 (en) | 1996-12-30 |
WO1993001364A1 (en) | 1993-01-21 |
AU2311692A (en) | 1993-02-11 |
DK129691D0 (en) | 1991-07-03 |
DE69212832T2 (en) | 1997-03-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US6581698B1 (en) | Drilling device and method for drilling a well | |
US4168053A (en) | Extraction device for ditch sheeting elements | |
US20100183372A1 (en) | Pipe support system and method for use in underground pipe ramming | |
EP0592547B1 (en) | Pile driving machine | |
EP0392310B1 (en) | A machine for pile-driving, a method for transport and erection of a machine for piledriving, and a method for establishement of foundations beside rails | |
CN107663859B (en) | pile driver | |
EP0392309A2 (en) | A machine for pile-driving, a method for transport and erection of a machine for pile-driving, and a method for establishment of a foundation | |
CN110552359B (en) | Support hanging basket type high and steep slope anchoring construction method | |
CN111005383A (en) | Subway steel pipe pile position correcting assembly | |
US4347692A (en) | Portable drilling rig | |
CN110552357B (en) | Tower crane type high and steep slope anchoring construction method | |
CN110552358B (en) | Construction equipment for anchoring tower crane type high and steep slope | |
CN112281681B (en) | Pile driver for bridge girder and using method thereof | |
EP0351694B1 (en) | Stopper apparatus for rotary reaction force | |
CN110552627B (en) | Support hanging basket type high and steep slope anchor and use construction equipment | |
CN221096449U (en) | Adjustable drill rod conveying device | |
CN215165601U (en) | Portal frame structure for ramming equipment with quick adjustment rammer position | |
GB2172225A (en) | Drilling long holes in confined spaces | |
CN111411627B (en) | Vehicle-mounted piling and plugging device | |
CN110984170B (en) | Semi-automatic foundation pit steel support installation method and steel support installation auxiliary device | |
GB2057036A (en) | Guides for piles and other driven members | |
CN220335899U (en) | Composite bearing body inclined pile machine | |
CN214836146U (en) | Guide rail structure and guide rail assembly | |
CN107284626A (en) | A kind of submarine launch reclaimer container | |
US2694294A (en) | Ramming machine and derrick for the same |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19931231 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19951016 |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Effective date: 19960814 Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED. Effective date: 19960814 Ref country code: CH Effective date: 19960814 Ref country code: BE Effective date: 19960814 Ref country code: AT Effective date: 19960814 |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 141362 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19960815 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69212832 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19960919 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19970702 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19970731 |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19970702 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CD Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: CA |
|
NLT1 | Nl: modifications of names registered in virtue of documents presented to the patent office pursuant to art. 16 a, paragraph 1 |
Owner name: NCC RASMUSSEN & SCHIOTZ ANLAG A/S |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20000614 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20000621 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20000630 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20000731 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20000929 Year of fee payment: 9 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010702 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20010703 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020201 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed |
Ref document number: 92914725.4 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020329 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20020201 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20020501 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |