EP0592365B1 - Process and apparatus for controlling the movement of a casting ladle in a casting plant - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for controlling the movement of a casting ladle in a casting plant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0592365B1
EP0592365B1 EP93810686A EP93810686A EP0592365B1 EP 0592365 B1 EP0592365 B1 EP 0592365B1 EP 93810686 A EP93810686 A EP 93810686A EP 93810686 A EP93810686 A EP 93810686A EP 0592365 B1 EP0592365 B1 EP 0592365B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
pouring
ladle
tilting
lifting
pouring ladle
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EP93810686A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0592365A1 (en
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Fritz Mezger
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Maschinenfabrik and Eisengiesserei Ed Mezger AG
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Maschinenfabrik and Eisengiesserei Ed Mezger AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D39/00Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations
    • B22D39/02Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by volume
    • B22D39/026Equipment for supplying molten metal in rations having means for controlling the amount of molten metal by volume using a ladler

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  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling the movement of a ladle.
  • Existing automatic pouring systems for repeated, controlled filling of liquid metals from a tiltable pan into molds that are fed in succession function as follows: the melt runs out of the pan over a snout stone with the radius R, the tilting axis of the pan being at least approximately through the center of this radius. runs in such a way that, regardless of the tilt angle of the pan, approximately the same geometrical and therefore fluidic conditions are achieved. Tilting takes place via a regulated drive, which engages the pan via mechanical connecting links. To regulate this tilt drive, measuring probes can be provided and / or the casting process can be largely permanently programmed.
  • the movements around the tilting axis result in flowing movements or wave movements in the melt contained in the casting ladle, which occur during the rapid tilting back and again tilting the ladle forward between two successive pouring processes does not come to rest and at least at the beginning of each pouring process influence the outflow of the melt and thus make it difficult or impossible to master the pouring process reliably. It was therefore necessary to wait at least two to three seconds between the end of the pour and the start of pouring, otherwise the control process would be too disrupted.
  • the aim of the present invention is to reduce the casting time for a mold on the one hand and the time between two molds on the other without impairing the control process and thus to increase the cycle sequence of the casting of molds.
  • the melt is accelerated or slowed down much less or formulated differently, much less kinetic energy is introduced into the melt, so that the wave movements are significantly reduced.
  • a particularly simple measure according to the invention consists in that the tilting axis is raised or lowered in order to tilt the ladle around the center of gravity of the melt.
  • a particular advantage of this system is that the tilting drive and the lifting device of the system can be controlled together without additional tilting movement for the additional raising of the casting ladle. This makes it possible to additionally raise the ladle and, with a sufficient safety distance to a casting mold, to introduce it relatively far from the center of this mold and then to initiate the casting process.
  • Fig. 1 shows more or less schematically a conventional casting plant with a tiltable ladle 1, in which the melt 1a is located.
  • 1 shows the state in which a casting mold 2 has just been filled with melt, that is to say the casting process is to be ended by tilting the casting ladle 1 backwards.
  • a tilt drive 3 is pivoted about a tilt axis 6 via a pulling element 4, which acts on a segment 4a.
  • the ladle 1 is normally interchangeably inserted in a frame to which the segment 4a and the tilt axis 6 are attached.
  • the tilt drive 3 and the tilt axis 6 are mounted in a frame 5.
  • the pouring opening or pouring channel of the ladle 1 has a radius R with respect to the tilt axis 6. 1 also shows a sensor 7, with the aid of which it is determined when the melt rises in the pouring funnel and the casting process is to be ended.
  • the ladle is tilted clockwise about the tilt axis 6 by means of the tilt drive 3 via the pulling element 4, so that no more melt flows into the mold 2.
  • Fig. 1 it is clearly visible that with this tilting movement practically the entire volume of the melt 1a lies to the side of the tilting axis 6 and thus undergoes a considerable acceleration downwards overall.
  • FIG. 2 corresponding system parts are identified in the same way as in FIG. 1.
  • the difference is that the tilting axis 6 is no longer fixed in the machine frame.
  • the tilt axis 6 is attached to side supports 8 which are vertically displaceable in guides 9.
  • the piston rod 11 of a hydraulic drive cylinder engages which allows the supports 8 to be lifted and lowered vertically with the tilt axis 6, as the arrow indicates.
  • This lifting movement is indicated in FIG. 2, ie the drawing shows the tilt axis 6 in an upper end position, from which it can be lowered by an amount h into a lower, dash-dotted position.
  • the tilt axis 6 is additionally designated with K the point of application of the traction element 4 at sector 4a with D and the center of gravity of the melt with S. 3 now shows the conditions when the ladle tilts backwards to end a casting process according to claim 3.
  • the movement control is carried out in such a way that the tilt axis 6 is raised at a speed V K and the traction element 4 is raised at a speed V D. It can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 3 that in this case there is no vertical movement in the center of gravity S of the melt.
  • the tilting movement thus takes place practically around the center of gravity of the melt, which leads to the advantages mentioned above.
  • the movements take place in reverse, but the path at point D can then be selected somewhat smaller in order to additionally tilt the ladle forward.
  • the relatively rapid raising or lowering of the tilt axis 6 or the pouring spout also has the advantage that a pouring process is interrupted faster and that a new pouring process is also initiated faster without the disadvantages of known systems appearing.
  • the shape of the ladle 1 is chosen so that the position of the center of gravity S with different content of the The ladle does not move significantly in the horizontal direction, so that no fundamental control of the movements in function of the pan content is absolutely necessary.
  • Fig. 4 largely corresponds to Fig. 2, again corresponding parts being identified identically.
  • a lower position of the ladle 1 is denoted by 1 '.
  • the ladle When pouring, the ladle must maintain a minimum distance A from the mold 2. With the ladle in this lower position, you could only reach the center of the mold by the amount X1 against the mold center if you want to maintain the safety distance A. However, if you lift the ladle overall from this lower position to the upper position shown in a solid line, the tilting axis and thus the pouring spout can obviously continue to enter the center of the mold 2 by the amount X2 while maintaining the safety distance A.
  • the position of the tilt axis that can then be reached is indicated by 6 'in dash-dotted lines. It is of course a corresponding shift the carrier 5 of the tilt drive 3 of the guide 9 and the carrier 8 in a position 5 ', 3', 9 'or 8' offset to the left possible.
  • the lifting drive for the tilting axis 6 now allows this possibility to be used in a simple manner by lifting the casting ladle 1 overall by means of the lifting drive and the tilting drive in order to get closer to the mold center with the pouring jet. Later, when the ladle is tilted more, you can lower it back to the normal position and control the lift drive and the tilt drive according to the usual program in the manner described.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bewegungssteuerung einer Giesspfanne. Bestehende automatische Giessanlagen zum wiederholten geregelten Einfüllen flüssiger Metalle aus einer kippbaren Pfanne in nacheinander zugeführte Formen funktionieren folgendermassen: Die Schmelze läuft während des Giessens über einen Schnauzenstein mit dem Radius R aus der Pfanne, wobei die Kippachse der Pfanne mindestens annähernd durch den Mittelpunkt dieses Radius' verläuft, derart, dass unabhängig vom Kippwinkel der Pfanne annähernd gleiche geometrische und damit strömungstechnische Verhältnisse erreicht werden. Das Kippen erfolgt über einen geregelten Antrieb, der über mechanische Verbindungsglieder an der Pfanne angreift. Zur Regelung dieses Kippantriebes können Messonden vorgesehen sein und/oder der Giessvorgang kann weitgehend fest programmiert sein. Mit derartigen Einrichtungen erreicht man zwar einen einwandfreien Ablauf des Giessvorganges beim Angiessen, während des Giessens und bei Beendigung des Giessvorganges. Es ergeben sich jedoch drei Probleme bei Anlagen, in welchen Formen automatisch in möglichst schneller Taktfolge erstellt und gefüllt werden. Zum ersten fliesst nach dem Signal "Giessende" der Steuerung, das das Rückkippen einleitet, eine relativ grosse Menge Schmelze nach, bis der Giessstrahl endgültig abbricht. Zum zweiten tritt der umgekehrte Effekt auch beim Angiessen ein, das heisst, mit dem Signal "Giessbeginn" dauert es relativ lange, bis ein gleichmässiger, regelbarer Strahl austritt. Diese beiden Umstände verlängern die Giesszeit merklich. Zum dritten entstehen durch die Bewegungen um die Kippachse Fliessbewegungen bzw. Wellenbewegungen in der in der Giesspfanne enthaltenen Schmelze, die während des raschen Zurückkippens und wieder Vorwärtskippens der Giesspfanne zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Giessvorgängen nicht zur Ruhe kommen und mindestens zu Beginn jedes Giessvorganges das Ausfliessen der Schmelze beeinflussen und damit eine sichere Beherrschung des Giessvorganges erschweren oder verunmöglichen. Man war daher gezwungen, zwischen Giessende und Giessbeginn eine Wartezeit von mindestens zwei bis drei Sekunden einzulegen, da sonst der Regelvorgang zu stark gestört war.The present invention relates to a method for controlling the movement of a ladle. Existing automatic pouring systems for repeated, controlled filling of liquid metals from a tiltable pan into molds that are fed in succession function as follows: the melt runs out of the pan over a snout stone with the radius R, the tilting axis of the pan being at least approximately through the center of this radius. runs in such a way that, regardless of the tilt angle of the pan, approximately the same geometrical and therefore fluidic conditions are achieved. Tilting takes place via a regulated drive, which engages the pan via mechanical connecting links. To regulate this tilt drive, measuring probes can be provided and / or the casting process can be largely permanently programmed. With such devices, a flawless sequence of the casting process during casting, during casting and at the end of the casting process is achieved. However, there are three problems with systems in which forms are automatically created and filled in the fastest possible cycle. First, after the "pouring end" signal from the control, which initiates the tipping back, a relatively large amount of melt flows in until the pouring stream finally stops. Secondly, the reverse effect also occurs when casting on, that is, with the "start of pouring" signal, it takes a relatively long time until a uniform, controllable jet emerges. These two circumstances significantly extend the casting time. Thirdly, the movements around the tilting axis result in flowing movements or wave movements in the melt contained in the casting ladle, which occur during the rapid tilting back and again tilting the ladle forward between two successive pouring processes does not come to rest and at least at the beginning of each pouring process influence the outflow of the melt and thus make it difficult or impossible to master the pouring process reliably. It was therefore necessary to wait at least two to three seconds between the end of the pour and the start of pouring, otherwise the control process would be too disrupted.

Ziel vorliegender Erfindung ist es, ohne Beeinträchtigung des Regelvorganges, einerseits die Giesszeit für eine Form, anderseits auch die Zeit zwischen zwei Formen herabzusetzen und damit die Taktfolge des Abgiessens von Formen zu erhöhen. Diese Ziele werden gemäss dem Anspruch 1 erreicht. Gegenüber herkömmlichen Verfahren ergeben sich dadurch folgende Vorteile: Zum einen wird die Schmelze bei gleichem Hubbetrag der Giessschnauze um einen grösseren Winkel gekippt, was sowohl ein schnelles Zurückfliessen und damit ein rasches Giessende als auch ein schnelles Vorwärtsfliessen und damit einen rascheren Giessbeginn bewirkt.The aim of the present invention is to reduce the casting time for a mold on the one hand and the time between two molds on the other without impairing the control process and thus to increase the cycle sequence of the casting of molds. These goals are achieved according to claim 1. This has the following advantages over conventional processes: On the one hand, the melt is tilted by a larger angle with the same stroke amount of the pouring spout, which results in both a rapid backflow and thus a quick end of the pouring and a fast forward flow and thus a faster start of the pouring.

Zum anderen wird die Schmelze viel weniger beschleunigt bzw. abgebremst oder anders formuliert, es wird viel weniger kinetische Energie in die Schmelze eingeleitet, so dass die Wellenbewegungen entscheidend herabgesetzt werden.On the other hand, the melt is accelerated or slowed down much less or formulated differently, much less kinetic energy is introduced into the melt, so that the wave movements are significantly reduced.

Eine besonders einfache, erfindungsgemässe Massnahme besteht darin, dass zum Kippen der Giesspfanne um den Schwerpunkt der Schmelze die Kippachse angehoben bzw. gesenkt wird.A particularly simple measure according to the invention consists in that the tilting axis is raised or lowered in order to tilt the ladle around the center of gravity of the melt.

Es ergibt sich damit eine besondere konstruktive Lösung gemäss Anspruch 7, die ebenfalls Gegenstand der Erfindung ist. Es ist zwar an sich bekannt, zwei Hubantriebe für die Giesspfanne vorzusehen (DE-C-606 988). Diese Antriebe dienen aber nur dazu, die Giesspfanne mit der Giessform zu kuppeln und die Giessform mit der Giesspfanne derart zu kippen, dass stets eine direkte Verbindung zwischen der Schmelze in der Giesspfanne und in der Form besteht.This results in a special constructive solution according to claim 7, which is also the subject of the invention. It is known per se to provide two lifting drives for the ladle (DE-C-606 988). These drives but only serve to couple the casting ladle to the casting mold and to tilt the casting mold with the casting ladle in such a way that there is always a direct connection between the melt in the casting ladle and in the mold.

Ein besonderer Vorteil dieser Anlage besteht darin, dass der Kippantrieb und die Hubvorrichtung der Anlage gemeinsam zum zusätzlichen Anheben der Giesspfanne im wesentlichen ohne Kippbewegung gesteuert werden können. Es wird damit möglich, die Giesspfanne zusätzlich anzuheben und unter Einhaltung eines genügenden Sicherheitsabstandes zu einer Giessform, verhältnismässig weit gegen die Mitte dieser Form, einzuführen und dann den Giessvorgang einzuleiten.A particular advantage of this system is that the tilting drive and the lifting device of the system can be controlled together without additional tilting movement for the additional raising of the casting ladle. This makes it possible to additionally raise the ladle and, with a sufficient safety distance to a casting mold, to introduce it relatively far from the center of this mold and then to initiate the casting process.

Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt einen Schnitt durch eine bekannte Giessanlage,
  • Fig. 2 ist ein Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemässe Giessanlage,
  • Fig. 3 ist ein Diagramm zur Erläuterung des Bewegungsablaufes beim Kippen der Giesspfanne, und
  • Fig. 4 ist eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Darstellung der Giessanlage und dient der Erläuterung einer besonderen Verwendung bzw. Betriebsart der Anlage.
The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.
  • 1 shows a section through a known casting plant,
  • 2 is a section through a casting installation according to the invention,
  • Fig. 3 is a diagram for explaining the sequence of movements when tilting the ladle, and
  • FIG. 4 is a representation of the casting plant corresponding to FIG. 2 and serves to explain a particular use or operating mode of the plant.

Fig. 1 zeigt mehr oder weniger schematisch eine herkömmliche Giessanlage mit einer kippbaren Giesspfanne 1, in welcher sich die Schmelze 1a befindet. Fig. 1 zeigt den Zustand, in welchem eine Giessform 2 soeben mit Schmelze gefüllt wurde, der Giessvorgang also durch Rückwärtskippen der Giesspfanne 1 beendet werden soll. Dieses Rückkippen erfolgt dadurch, dass ein Kippantrieb 3 über ein Zugorgan 4, das an einem Segment 4a angreift, um eine Kippachse 6 verschwenkt wird. Entgegen der schematischen Darstellung in Fig. 1 ist die Giesspfanne 1 normalerweise auswechselbar in ein Gestell eingesetzt, an welchem das Segment 4a und die Kippachse 6 angebracht sind. Der Kippantrieb 3 und die Kippachse 6 sind in einem Gestell 5 gelagert. Die Ausgussöffnung oder Ausgussrinne der Giesspfanne 1 weist einen Radius R bezogen auf die Kippachse 6 auf. Fig. 1 zeigt ferner einen Sensor 7, mit Hilfe dessen ermittelt wird, wann die Schmelze im Giesstrichter ansteigt und somit der Giessvorgang beendet werden soll.Fig. 1 shows more or less schematically a conventional casting plant with a tiltable ladle 1, in which the melt 1a is located. 1 shows the state in which a casting mold 2 has just been filled with melt, that is to say the casting process is to be ended by tilting the casting ladle 1 backwards. This tipping back takes place in that a tilt drive 3 is pivoted about a tilt axis 6 via a pulling element 4, which acts on a segment 4a. Contrary to the schematic representation in Fig. 1, the ladle 1 is normally interchangeably inserted in a frame to which the segment 4a and the tilt axis 6 are attached. The tilt drive 3 and the tilt axis 6 are mounted in a frame 5. The pouring opening or pouring channel of the ladle 1 has a radius R with respect to the tilt axis 6. 1 also shows a sensor 7, with the aid of which it is determined when the melt rises in the pouring funnel and the casting process is to be ended.

Wie erwähnt, wird zum Beenden des Giessvorganges die Giesspfanne mit Hilfe des Kippantriebes 3 über das Zugorgan 4 im Uhrzeigersinn um die Kippachse 6 zurückgekippt, so dass keine Schmelze mehr in die Form 2 fliesst. Aus Fig. 1 ist deutlich sichtbar, dass bei dieser Kippbewegung praktisch das ganze Volumen der Schmelze 1a seitlich der Kippachse 6 liegt und somit insgesamt eine erhebliche Beschleunigung nach unten erfährt. Erfahrungsgemäss führt dies zu erheblichen Schwingungen bzw. Wellenbewegungen der Schmelze. Wenn wenig später die Giesspfanne 1 im Gegenuhrzeigersinn vorwärtsgekippt wird, um Schmelze in eine nächste Giessform 2 einzugiessen, wird diese erhebliche Wellenbewegung noch weiter verstärkt und führt zu einem unregelmässigen, unkontrollierten Ausfliessen der Schmelze.As mentioned, to end the casting process, the ladle is tilted clockwise about the tilt axis 6 by means of the tilt drive 3 via the pulling element 4, so that no more melt flows into the mold 2. From Fig. 1 it is clearly visible that with this tilting movement practically the entire volume of the melt 1a lies to the side of the tilting axis 6 and thus undergoes a considerable acceleration downwards overall. Experience has shown that this leads to considerable vibrations or wave movements of the melt. If a little later the ladle 1 is tilted counterclockwise to pour the melt into a next mold 2, this considerable wave motion is further increased and leads to an irregular, uncontrolled outflow of the melt.

Dieser Nachteil wird nun bei der erfindungsgemässen Anlage gemäss Fig. 2 vermieden. In Fig. 2 sind entsprechende Anlageteile gleich bezeichnet wie in Fig. 1. Der Unterschied besteht darin, dass die Kippachse 6 nicht mehr ortsfest im Maschinengestell gelagert ist. Die Kippachse 6 ist an seitlichen Trägern 8 befestigt, welche in Führungen 9 vertikal verschiebbar sind. Am oberen Ende 10 der Träger 8 greift die Kolbenstange 11 eines hydraulischen Antriebszylinders an, welcher die Träger 8 mit der Kippachse 6 vertikal anzuheben und abzusenken gestattet, wie der Pfeil andeutet. Diese Hubbewegung ist in Fig. 2 angedeutet, d.h. die Zeichnung zeigt die Kippachse 6 in einer oberen Endstellung, aus welcher sie in eine untere, strichpunktiert angedeutete Stellung um den Betrag h gesenkt werden kann.This disadvantage is now avoided in the system according to the invention according to FIG. 2. In FIG. 2, corresponding system parts are identified in the same way as in FIG. 1. The difference is that the tilting axis 6 is no longer fixed in the machine frame. The tilt axis 6 is attached to side supports 8 which are vertically displaceable in guides 9. At the upper end 10 of the carrier 8, the piston rod 11 of a hydraulic drive cylinder engages which allows the supports 8 to be lifted and lowered vertically with the tilt axis 6, as the arrow indicates. This lifting movement is indicated in FIG. 2, ie the drawing shows the tilt axis 6 in an upper end position, from which it can be lowered by an amount h into a lower, dash-dotted position.

Diese zusätzliche Hubbewegung der Giesspfanne erlaubt es nun, die Kippbewegungen der Giesspfanne bei der Einleitung und Beendigung des Giessvorganges relativ nahe um den Schwerpunkt der Schmelze erfolgen zu lassen. In Fig. 2 ist die Kippachse 6 zusätzlich mit K der Angriffspunkt des Zugorganes 4 am Sektor 4a mit D und der Schwerpunkt der Schmelze mit S bezeichnet. Fig. 3 zeigt nun die Verhältnisse beim Rückwärtskippen der Giesspfanne zur Beendigung eines Giessvorganges gemäss Anspruch 3. Die Bewegungssteuerung erfolgt derart, dass die Kippachse 6 mit einer Geschwindigkeit VK das Zugorgan 4 dagegen mit einer Geschwindigkeit VD angehoben wird. Aus dem Diagramm in Fig. 3 ist ersichtlich, dass in diesem Falle im Schwerpunkt S der Schmelze keine Vertikalbewegung erfolgt. Die Kippbewegung erfolgt somit praktisch um den Schwerpunkt der Schmelze, was zu den oben erwähnten Vorteilen führt. Beim Vorwärtskippen der Giesspfanne zur Einleitung eines nächsten Giessvorganges laufen die Bewegungen umgekehrt ab, wobei allerdings dann der Weg an der Stelle D entsprechend etwas geringer gewählt werden kann, um die Giesspfanne zusätzlich vorwärts zu kippen. Das verhältnismässig rasche Anheben bzw. Absenken der Kippachse 6 bzw. der Giessschnauze hat ausserdem den Vorteil, dass jeweils ein Giessvorgang schneller abgebrochen und dass ebenso die Einleitung eines neuen Giessvorganges schneller erfolgt, ohne dass dabei die Nachteile bekannter Anlagen in Erscheinung treten.This additional lifting movement of the ladle now allows the tilting movements of the ladle to take place relatively close around the center of gravity of the melt when the casting process is initiated and ended. In Fig. 2, the tilt axis 6 is additionally designated with K the point of application of the traction element 4 at sector 4a with D and the center of gravity of the melt with S. 3 now shows the conditions when the ladle tilts backwards to end a casting process according to claim 3. The movement control is carried out in such a way that the tilt axis 6 is raised at a speed V K and the traction element 4 is raised at a speed V D. It can be seen from the diagram in FIG. 3 that in this case there is no vertical movement in the center of gravity S of the melt. The tilting movement thus takes place practically around the center of gravity of the melt, which leads to the advantages mentioned above. When the ladle tilts forward to initiate a next pouring process, the movements take place in reverse, but the path at point D can then be selected somewhat smaller in order to additionally tilt the ladle forward. The relatively rapid raising or lowering of the tilt axis 6 or the pouring spout also has the advantage that a pouring process is interrupted faster and that a new pouring process is also initiated faster without the disadvantages of known systems appearing.

Die Form der Giesspfanne 1 ist so gewählt, dass sich die Lage des Schwerpunktes S bei unterschiedlichem Inhalt der Giesspfanne in horizontaler Richtung nicht erheblich verschiebt, so dass keine grundsätzliche Steuerung der Bewegungsabläufe in Funktion des Pfanneninhaltes unbedingt erforderlich ist. Es ist jedoch durchaus möglich, je nach Pfannenform und Anforderungen, die Menge der in der Giesspfanne enthaltenen Schmelze zu ermitteln, was bei bestimmten Giessanlagen ohnehin geschieht, und die Steuerung der Hubbewegung der Kippachse 6 und des Kippantriebes 3 nach bestimmten Vorgaben in Funktion des Pfanneninhaltes zu regeln, so dass die fiktive Kippachse stets in der Nähe des Schwerpunkts S liegt. Es sei hier darauf hingewiesen, dass eine Verlagerung der Kippachse der Giesspfanne von der reellen Kippachse 6 in eine virtuelle Kippachse im Schwerpunkt S in Horizontal- und Vertikalrichtung praktisch schwer zu realisieren ist. Entscheidend und realisierbar ist jedoch eine Verlagerung in Horizontalrichtung in eine Position nahe einer Vertikalen durch den Schwerpunkt S der Schmelze. Eine gewisse Abweichung in Vertikalrichtung ist für den praktischen Betrieb unerheblich.The shape of the ladle 1 is chosen so that the position of the center of gravity S with different content of the The ladle does not move significantly in the horizontal direction, so that no fundamental control of the movements in function of the pan content is absolutely necessary. However, depending on the shape of the ladle and the requirements, it is entirely possible to determine the amount of melt contained in the ladle, which happens anyway in certain casting systems, and to control the stroke movement of the tilt axis 6 and the tilt drive 3 according to certain specifications as a function of the ladle content regulate so that the fictitious tilt axis is always close to the center of gravity S. It should be pointed out here that it is practically difficult to move the tilting axis of the ladle from the real tilting axis 6 into a virtual tilting axis in the center of gravity S in the horizontal and vertical directions. Decisive and realizable, however, is a shift in the horizontal direction to a position near a vertical through the center of gravity S of the melt. A certain deviation in the vertical direction is irrelevant for practical operation.

Fig. 4 entspricht weitgehend der Fig. 2, wobei wiederum entsprechende Teile gleich bezeichnet sind. In Fig. 4 ist eine untere Position der Giesspfanne 1 mit 1' bezeichnet. Beim Angiessen muss die Giesspfanne einen minimalen Abstand A von der Giessform 2 einhalten. Man könnte also mit der Giesspfanne in dieser unteren Position mit der Giessschnauze bzw. dem Giessstrahl nur um den Betrag X1 gegen die Formmitte gelangen, wenn man den Sicherheitsabstand A einhalten will. Hebt man aber die Giesspfanne insgesamt aus dieser unteren Position in die ausgezogen dargestellte obere Position an, dann kann offensichtlich unter Einhaltung des Sicherheitsabstandes A die Kippachse und damit die Giessschnauze weiter um den Betrag X2 bis praktisch in die Mitte der Giessform 2 eintreten. Die dann erreichbare Lage der Kippachse ist mit 6' in strichpunktierten Linien angedeutet. Es ist dann natürlich auch eine entsprechende Verschiebung des Trägers 5 des Kippantriebes 3 der Führung 9 und des Trägers 8 in eine nach links versetzte Position 5', 3', 9' bzw. 8' möglich. Der Hubantrieb für die Kippachse 6 erlaubt nun, diese Möglichkeit in einfacher Weise zu nutzen, indem mittels des Hubantriebes und des Kippantriebes die Giesspfanne 1 insgesamt translatorisch angehoben wird, um mit dem Giessstrahl näher an die Formmitte zu gelangen. Später, wenn die Giesspfanne stärker gekippt ist, kann man dieselbe wieder in die Normalposition absenken und in der beschriebenen Weise den Hubantrieb und den Kippantrieb nach dem üblichen Programm steuern.Fig. 4 largely corresponds to Fig. 2, again corresponding parts being identified identically. In Fig. 4, a lower position of the ladle 1 is denoted by 1 '. When pouring, the ladle must maintain a minimum distance A from the mold 2. With the ladle in this lower position, you could only reach the center of the mold by the amount X1 against the mold center if you want to maintain the safety distance A. However, if you lift the ladle overall from this lower position to the upper position shown in a solid line, the tilting axis and thus the pouring spout can obviously continue to enter the center of the mold 2 by the amount X2 while maintaining the safety distance A. The position of the tilt axis that can then be reached is indicated by 6 'in dash-dotted lines. It is of course a corresponding shift the carrier 5 of the tilt drive 3 of the guide 9 and the carrier 8 in a position 5 ', 3', 9 'or 8' offset to the left possible. The lifting drive for the tilting axis 6 now allows this possibility to be used in a simple manner by lifting the casting ladle 1 overall by means of the lifting drive and the tilting drive in order to get closer to the mold center with the pouring jet. Later, when the ladle is tilted more, you can lower it back to the normal position and control the lift drive and the tilt drive according to the usual program in the manner described.

Claims (8)

  1. Method for controlling the motion of a pouring ladle (1) by means of two lifting drives (3, 4; 8), the real, respectively virtual axis around which the pouring ladle (1) is tilted during the pouring operation being located in the centre of the radius (R) of the outlet opening, characterised in that in order to start and terminate the pouring operation, the real, resp. virtual axis is at least approximately displaced into the center of gravity of the molten metal.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that for the purpose of tilting the pouring ladle (1) in order to start and terminate the pouring operation, a tilting axis (6) in the center of the outlet groove is lifted and lowered, respectively.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the lifting respectively the lowering motion of the tilting axis (6) and the lifting resp. lowering motion for tilting the pouring ladle are coordinated in such a way that the virtual tilting axis of the pouring ladle is displaced near the center of gravity (S) of the molten metal.
  4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the quantity of the molten metal (1a) is determined and the tilting operations are controlled in function of this quantity.
  5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the pouring ladle (1) is additionally lifted by means of a lifting device (3, 4) for the purpose of tilting said pouring ladle and a device (8 to 11) for the purpose of lifting the tilting axis (6) at the time of starting the pouring operation in order to be capable of pouring nearer the middle of the mould (2) at a given pouring height.
  6. Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that in preparation of the pouring operation, the lifting devices (8 to 11) are controlled in common in order to lift the pouring ladle (1) additionnally essentially without a tilting motion.
  7. Pouring installation comprising a pouring ladle (1) which is capable of being controlled by means of two lifting devices (3, 4; 8) of which the one engages at the outlet opening and the other on the other side of the pouring ladle, as well as a common control system for the movements of both lifting devices, characterised in that both lifting motions are controllable by means of mutually independent drives (3, 4 resp. 11), and in that the lifting motion (6) at the outlet opening is guided by means of a guide (9).
  8. Installation according to claim 7, characterised by means for determining the quantity of molten metal (1a) contained in the pouring ladle and for influencing the control of the motion in function of this quantity.
EP93810686A 1992-10-07 1993-09-28 Process and apparatus for controlling the movement of a casting ladle in a casting plant Expired - Lifetime EP0592365B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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CH313592 1992-10-07
CH3135/92 1992-10-07

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EP0592365B1 true EP0592365B1 (en) 1997-08-20

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EP0592365A1 (en) 1994-04-13
US5381855A (en) 1995-01-17
DE59307156D1 (en) 1997-09-25
JPH06190541A (en) 1994-07-12

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