EP0589811B1 - Side wall for a continuous cashing plkant for cashing metal between movable walls and apparatus - Google Patents
Side wall for a continuous cashing plkant for cashing metal between movable walls and apparatus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0589811B1 EP0589811B1 EP93470020A EP93470020A EP0589811B1 EP 0589811 B1 EP0589811 B1 EP 0589811B1 EP 93470020 A EP93470020 A EP 93470020A EP 93470020 A EP93470020 A EP 93470020A EP 0589811 B1 EP0589811 B1 EP 0589811B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- wall according
- walls
- elements
- spiral
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0665—Accessories therefor for treating the casting surfaces, e.g. calibrating, cleaning, dressing, preheating
- B22D11/0671—Accessories therefor for treating the casting surfaces, e.g. calibrating, cleaning, dressing, preheating for heating or drying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
- B22D11/06—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into moulds with travelling walls, e.g. with rolls, plates, belts, caterpillars
- B22D11/0637—Accessories therefor
- B22D11/0648—Casting surfaces
- B22D11/066—Side dams
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, especially steel, between movable walls cooled, especially between cylinders. It concerns more precisely the lateral shutter walls of the space of casting defined between said walls.
- the invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above, to allow inductive heating effective metal near the side walls, limit friction, and therefore wear, on said walls, and improve the seal between the movable walls and said side walls.
- the invention relates to a lateral sealing wall of a casting installation continuous between movable walls comprising two movable walls cooled defining between them a limited casting space laterally by two of said lateral closure walls which adjoin the edges of said movable walls, characterized in that said lateral closure wall comprises a cooled plate of electrically conductive material, oriented along a vertical plane perpendicular to the walls mobile, and an inductor powered by a variable current, including alternative, and consisting of a conductor wound in spiral parallel to the plate and in close proximity to this, and such that at least a first angular sector of the spiral is located opposite a first coplanar zone with the plate and electrically isolated from a second area included in the plate and which faces a second spiral sector.
- the invention also relates to a casting installation continuous between cylinders, characterized in that it comprises two walls as above, said cylinders constituting said movable walls.
- a "cold crucible” device is composed of a cylinder, usually made of copper, cooled by water circulation and radially segmented, surrounded by a solenoid which is coaxial with it and powered by a current at high frequency.
- This cold crucible technique has already been the subject of many developments which respect the basic technique of the segmented cylinder surrounded by a solenoid generating a magnetic field oriented along the axis of the cylinder.
- the metal is heated as in the technique of the cold crucible by the eddy currents which are developed by the inductor via the material plate electrically conductive, and electromagnetic forces resulting from the interaction of these eddy currents with the induced magnetic field tend to move the cast metal away of said plate, which therefore reduces friction.
- the principle of the invention will be more clearly explained in the description given below of an exemplary embodiment.
- the steel casting installation shown in Figure 1 has two movable walls here formed by the two cylinders 1 and 2 with parallel and horizontal axes.
- the cylinders 1, 2 are internally cooled and rotated in direction opposite.
- Two lateral closing walls 3 and 4 are arranged against the front faces of the cylinders, and therefore oriented along vertical planes, such as the P plane, perpendicular to the cylindrical walls of the cylinders.
- These lateral obturation walls define with the walls of the cylinders, in the area above the level of their axes, a casting space 5.
- molten steel 6 is poured (according to arrow F 2 ) into the casting space 5, where it gradually solidifies on contact with the cooled walls of the cylinders, forming skins of solidified steel.
- the solidified skins are driven downwards and meet at the neck between the cylinders to form the thin product 7 continuously extracted.
- FIG. 2 shows the closure wall side 3 which has a plate 31 made of material electrically conductive, such as copper or an alloy of copper, trapezoidal, with lateral edges adjoin the front ends of the cylinders.
- An inductor 10 formed of a conductor 11 wound in a spiral 12 plane is placed parallel to plate 31, and in close proximity to this one.
- the inductor 10 is supplied by a source 13 of alternating current, for example from 50 Hz to 500 KHz, and high intensity. Inductors shaped in this way are commonly called "Pancake".
- the spiral 12 has a trapezoidal shape, and is arranged relative to the plate 31 so that the horizontal parts 14 of the conductor are facing plate 31, while the lateral parts obliques 15, 16 project laterally from said plate.
- the angular sectors 15, 16, diametrically opposite are located in front of zones 17, 18 (framed on Figure 2 by dashed lines, which do not have here physical reality) coplanar with plate 31, and located out of said plate, and therefore implicitly electrically isolated from it.
- the angular sectors corresponding to the horizontal parts 14 of the conductor is face zone 19 defined here by the surface of the plate 31.
- the plate 31 is formed of two elements 32 ', 33' juxtaposed, and the center of the spiral 12 'is located at the interface between the two elements 32 ', 33'.
- a first angular sector of the spiral, formed by its half upper is located opposite a first zone constituted here from the surface of element 32 ', which is insulated electrically of a second zone, constituted here of the surface of the element 33 ′, which faces the second angular sector of the spiral formed by its half superior.
- the interest of the arrangement of the inductor according to the invention is avoid looping the eddy currents generated in the plate 31 when the inductor is supplied, in a plane parallel to those of the plate and the inductor.
- the currents, fields and forces flowing or acting in the plane of the sheet by arrows, and by circles when they are perpendicular to the plane of the sheet.
- the fields or currents directed from front to back of the sheet are represented by a circle containing a cross, and those directed inversely by a circle containing a point.
- the diagram in Figure 3 shows these currents, fields and forces in a vertical section along line III-III of Figure 2; the diagram in Figure 4 shows them in a horizontal section at line IV-IV in figure 3, in the case of a one-piece plate 31 such as that of the Figure 2; the diagram in Figure 5 is similar to that of Figure 4, but in the case where the plate 31 is formed of several vertically elongated and joined elements, and electrically isolated from each other.
- the current I 1 flowing in the conductor 11 generates a magnetic field B 1 whose penetration depth in the plate 31 is small.
- This field B 1 creates in the skin thickness of the plate induced currents I 2 which loop horizontally.
- the currents I 2 generate a field B 2 which penetrates into the skin thickness of the steel 6 contained in the casting space and in turn generates there induced currents I 3 .
- These currents on the one hand cause the steel to heat up and thus prevent premature solidification of the steel near the plate 31, and on the other hand, by interaction with the field B 2 , create directed forces F R towards the middle of the casting space, which tend to move the solidified metal film 6 'away from said plate, thereby reducing the friction of the metal poured onto this plate.
- the two objectives of the invention which are to limit the solidification of the steel near the lateral obturation wall and to limit the friction against this wall, are achieved.
- the currents I 2 generate, in a similar manner to what has been explained above, induced currents I 4 , generating their turn in the steel located in the corners of the casting space of the currents I 3 ′, which circulate according to the arrows indicated in FIG. 4, which also tend to repel the steel cast from the wall of the cylinders.
- the composition of the forces exerted leads to a resultant F R 'which tends to push back the steel from the joint between the cylinders 1, 2 and the side wall, and therefore improves the sealing by preventing infiltration of liquid metal into this joint.
- the induced currents and forces in cast steel can only exist thanks to the fact that the currents induced in the plate 31 or in each element 31 ', 31' ', 31' '' of plates circulate according to a plan perpendicular to the general plane of the plate. That is why no coil of the inductor is entirely facing the same plate element. If this were the case, the induced currents would loop in the surface area of this element located opposite the inductor, parallel to the plane of the plate and on the one hand would not reach the area surface of the element located on the side of the cast steel, and on the other hand would only create a heating of said element.
- the induced currents I 2 , I 3 , I 3 ', I 4 circulate near the surfaces of the different materials because the frequency of the inductor current I 1 is such that the penetration depth of the induced fields is weak.
- the frequency must therefore be high enough, depending on the material of which the plate 31 is made, so as not to have too deep a penetration depth of the field B 1 in the plate 31.
- the repulsion forces F R are strong, but the stirring effect of the liquid steel can be weak or even almost zero.
- the inductor current could be 50 Hz at 500 kHz, which corresponds to penetration depths in copper from 9.2 mm to 0.09 mm respectively.
- the frequency will therefore be chosen mainly in depending on the desired effect in the steel, taking into account that the total thickness of the copper plate is largely greater than the depth of penetration indicated above.
- these elements can be made of different materials having different electroconductive characteristics.
- This particular arrangement makes it possible to adapt the intensity of the currents and the forces as a function of the location of the elements in the plate with respect to the casting space. For example, a judicious choice, in the plate represented in FIG.
- FIG. 6 shows a side wall according to the invention, in the variant where the plate 31 is formed of three elements 32, 33, 34 elongated in a direction vertical and juxtaposed horizontally, a thin film 35 in electrically insulating material being placed between two adjacent elements.
- Each element has a conduit longitudinal center 36 (only that of element 32 has been shown in the figure so as not to overload it).
- the three conduits 36 open down into a channel of distribution 37 ( Figure 7) connected by piping 38 to a supply circuit, not shown, with a cooling, for example water.
- the pipes 36 open up into a collector 39 connected to a outlet piping 40.
- the distribution channel 37 is arranged in a housing lower 41 and the collector is arranged in a housing upper 42, these two housings used to maintain the assembly of elements 32, 33, 34, as well as positioning of the entire plate with respect to cylinders 1, 2, and to the fixing on the installation.
- These housings 41, 42 are electrically insulated from elements 32, 33, 34 of the plate.
- the inductor 10 is a flat inductor of the "Pancake” type, kept at a short distance from the plate, so as to have the highest possible proportion of induced magnetic field in said plate, while being electrically isolated from the latter.
- the lateral parts of the inductor protrude from the plate 31. These lateral parts could also, especially if we increase the number of elements juxtaposed, be located facing the elements located on the edges of the plate, in which case the induced currents would circulate in the area of these side walls either horizontally as in the other elements, but vertically.
- Figure 8 shows another alternative embodiment in which the plate 31 consists of four elements horizontal 45 juxtaposed vertically, two boxes side 46, 47 ensuring the same function as the housings 41, 42 of the previous variant.
- the inductor here overflows with the plate up and down.
- the plate 31 may constitute only part of the obturation side wall, for example by being placed at the level of the neck between the movable walls and surmounted by a another plate of refractory material.
- the plate as well that the inductor may be slightly concave in their part in contact with the liquid metal 6, which allows concentrating the power injected into said metal.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
- Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
- Specific Sealing Or Ventilating Devices For Doors And Windows (AREA)
- Fencing (AREA)
- Inorganic Compounds Of Heavy Metals (AREA)
- Power-Operated Mechanisms For Wings (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne la coulée continue des métaux, notamment de l'acier, entre parois mobiles refroidies, notamment entre cylindres. Elle concerne plus précisément les parois d'obturation latérale de l'espace de coulée défini entre lesdites parois.The present invention relates to the continuous casting of metals, especially steel, between movable walls cooled, especially between cylinders. It concerns more precisely the lateral shutter walls of the space of casting defined between said walls.
Dans ces installations, un problème connu de longue date est d'éviter une solidification prématurée du métal coulé au contact des parois d'obturation latérale, et de limiter le frottement dudit métal sur lesdites parois qui sont fixes.In these installations, a long known problem date is to avoid premature solidification of the metal poured in contact with the lateral obturation walls, and limit the friction of said metal on said walls which are fixed.
Pour tenter de résoudre ce problème, il a déjà été proposé de chauffer soit les parois latérales, soit le métal se trouvant à proximité de celles-ci, de manière à empêcher, ou au moins retarder sa solidification.In an attempt to resolve this problem, it has already been offered to heat either the side walls or the metal being close to them, so as to prevent, or at least delay its solidification.
Ainsi il a déjà été proposé, dans le document JP 62 77156, de chauffer le métal par induction, au moyen d'inducteurs en U disposés derrière des parois latérales en matériau réfractaire et générant dans le métal coulé des courants de Foucault. Les contraintes d'encombrement et les limitations technologiques actuelles empêchent la mise en oeuvre pratique de telles solutions.Thus it has already been proposed, in document JP 62 77156, to heat the metal by induction, using U-shaped inductors arranged behind side walls in refractory material and generating in the cast metal eddy currents. Congestion constraints and current technological limitations prevent the implementation practical work of such solutions.
Il a aussi été proposé dans le document FR 2670413, de chauffer de manière similaire le métal, mais en utilisant des parois latérales métalliques refroidies suffisamment minces pour que le champ magnétique induit agisse directement sur le métal coulé. Dès lors que l'épaisseur des parois atteint ou dépasse la profondeur de pénétration du champ magnétique, ce mode de chauffage n'est plus efficace.It has also been proposed in document FR 2670413, to similarly heat the metal, but using sufficiently thin cooled metal side walls so that the induced magnetic field acts directly on the cast metal. As soon as the wall thickness reaches or exceeds the penetration depth of the magnetic field, this heating mode is no longer effective.
L'invention a pour buts de résoudre les problèmes évoqués ci-dessus, de permettre un réchauffage inductif efficace du métal à proximité des parois latérales, de limiter le frottement, et donc l'usure, sur lesdites parois, et d'améliorer l'étanchéité entre les parois mobiles et lesdites parois latérales. The invention aims to solve the problems mentioned above, to allow inductive heating effective metal near the side walls, limit friction, and therefore wear, on said walls, and improve the seal between the movable walls and said side walls.
Avec ces objectifs en vue, l'invention a pour objet une paroi d'obturation latérale d'une installation de coulée continue entre parois mobiles comprenant deux parois mobiles refroidies définissant entre elles un espace de coulée limité latéralement par deux desdites parois d'obturation latérale qui jouxtent les bords desdites parois mobiles, caractérisé en ce que ladite paroi d'obturation latérale comprend une plaque refroidie en matériau électriquement conducteur, orientée selon un plan vertical perpendiculaire aux parois mobiles, et un inducteur alimenté par un courant variable, notamment alternatif, et constitué d'un conducteur enroulé en spirale parallèle à la plaque et à proximité directe de celle-ci, et telle que au moins un premier secteur angulaire de la spirale soit situé face à une première zone coplanaire avec la plaque et isolée électriquement d'une deuxième zone incluse dans la plaque et qui se trouve face à un deuxième secteur de la spirale.With these objectives in view, the invention relates to a lateral sealing wall of a casting installation continuous between movable walls comprising two movable walls cooled defining between them a limited casting space laterally by two of said lateral closure walls which adjoin the edges of said movable walls, characterized in that said lateral closure wall comprises a cooled plate of electrically conductive material, oriented along a vertical plane perpendicular to the walls mobile, and an inductor powered by a variable current, including alternative, and consisting of a conductor wound in spiral parallel to the plate and in close proximity to this, and such that at least a first angular sector of the spiral is located opposite a first coplanar zone with the plate and electrically isolated from a second area included in the plate and which faces a second spiral sector.
L'invention concerne aussi une installation de coulée continue entre cylindres, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte deux parois telles que ci-dessus, lesdits cylindres constituant lesdites parois mobiles.The invention also relates to a casting installation continuous between cylinders, characterized in that it comprises two walls as above, said cylinders constituting said movable walls.
L'idée inventive à la base de la présente invention a été d'utiliser les principes de base de la technique dite de "creuset froid" connue depuis de nombreuses années pour le chauffage et la fusion par induction de certains métaux soit à point de fusion très élevé, soit dont on veut éviter le contact avec un creuset réfractaire pour des raisons de pureté du métal fondu. Un dispositif à "creuset froid" est composé d'un cylindre, couramment en cuivre, refroidi par circulation d'eau et segmenté radialement, entouré d'un solénoïde qui lui est coaxial et alimenté par un courant à haute fréquence. Par l'effet du champ magnétique induit et des courants de Foucault qui se développent dans le cylindre et le métal à fondre, d'une part le métal est chauffé et fondu, et d'autre part les forces électromagnétiques créées tendent à éloigner le métal fondu de la paroi du cylindre.The inventive idea underlying the present invention has been to use the basic principles of the so-called technique of "cold crucible" known for many years for the heating and induction melting of certain metals either with a very high melting point, which is to be avoided contact with a refractory crucible for reasons of purity of the molten metal. A "cold crucible" device is composed of a cylinder, usually made of copper, cooled by water circulation and radially segmented, surrounded by a solenoid which is coaxial with it and powered by a current at high frequency. By the effect of the induced magnetic field and eddy currents that develop in the cylinder and the metal to be melted, on the one hand the metal is heated and melted, and on the other hand the electromagnetic forces created tend to move molten metal away from the cylinder wall.
Cette technique du creuset froid a déjà fait l'objet de nombreux développements qui respectent la technique de base du cylindre segmenté entouré par un solénoïde générateur d'un champ magnétique orienté selon l'axe du cylindre.This cold crucible technique has already been the subject of many developments which respect the basic technique of the segmented cylinder surrounded by a solenoid generating a magnetic field oriented along the axis of the cylinder.
Comme on le comprendra aisément une telle technique n'est pas applicable telle quelle dans une installation de coulée entre parois mobiles, du fait de la configuration de ce type d'installation. Aussi les inventeurs ont-ils dû imaginer une structure entièrement originale pour trouver une solution au problème du chauffage du métal coulé à proximité des parois latérales et de la diminution du frottement du métal sur ces parois.As will be easily understood, such a technique is not applicable as is in a pouring between movable walls, due to the configuration of this type of installation. The inventors therefore had to imagine an entirely original structure to find a solution to the problem of heating nearby cast metal side walls and decrease the friction of the metal on these walls.
Grâce à l'invention, le métal est chauffé comme dans la technique du creuset froid par les courants de Foucault qui y sont développés par l'inducteur via la plaque en matériau électriquement conducteur, et les forces électromagnétiques résultant de l'interaction de ces courants de Foucault avec le champ magnétique induit tendent à éloigner le métal coulé de ladite plaque, ce qui réduit donc le frottement. Le principe de l'invention sera plus clairement explicité dans la description faite plus loin d'un exemple de réalisation.Thanks to the invention, the metal is heated as in the technique of the cold crucible by the eddy currents which are developed by the inductor via the material plate electrically conductive, and electromagnetic forces resulting from the interaction of these eddy currents with the induced magnetic field tend to move the cast metal away of said plate, which therefore reduces friction. The principle of the invention will be more clearly explained in the description given below of an exemplary embodiment.
Selon des dispositions particulières de l'invention :
- la plaque est formée d'un seul élément et deux desdits premiers secteurs angulaires de la spirale, diamétralement opposés, sont situés face à des zones coplanaires avec la plaque et situées hors dudit élément ;
- la plaque est formée de plusieurs éléments juxtaposés isolés électriquement entre eux ;
- les éléments sont allongés selon une direction horizontale et juxtaposés verticalement ;
- les éléments sont allongés selon une direction verticale et juxtaposés horizontalement ;
- tous les éléments sont réalisés en un même matériau électriquement conducteur ;
- au moins un élément est réalisé en un matériau ayant des caractéristiques électromagnétiques différentes de celles des matériaux des autres éléments ;
- chaque élément est refroidi par circulation interne d'un fluide refroidissant.
- the plate is formed from a single element and two of said first angular sectors of the spiral, which are diametrically opposite, are situated opposite coplanar zones with the plate and situated outside said element;
- the plate is formed of several juxtaposed elements electrically insulated from each other;
- the elements are elongated in a horizontal direction and juxtaposed vertically;
- the elements are elongated in a vertical direction and juxtaposed horizontally;
- all the elements are made of the same electrically conductive material;
- at least one element is made of a material having electromagnetic characteristics different from those of the materials of the other elements;
- each element is cooled by internal circulation of a cooling fluid.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaítront dans la description qui va être faite de plusieurs variantes de l'invention, dans le cas d'une installation de coulée continue entre cylindres de produits minces en acier.Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the description which will be made of several variants of the invention, in the case of a casting installation continuous between cylinders of thin steel products.
On se reportera aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :
- la figure 1 est une vue schématique en perspective de l'installation de coulée entre cylindres ;
- la figure 2 est une vue frontale selon la flèche F1 de la figure 1 montrant la disposition générale d'une paroi d'obturation latérale conforme l'invention ;
- la figure 3 est une représentation didactique en coupe selon la ligne III-III de la figure 2 montrant les courants, champ magnétique et forces agissant dans l'installation selon l'invention ;
- la figure 4 est une représentation en vue de dessus de la figure 3 .
- la figure 5 est une représentation similaire dans le cas d'une plaque d'obturation en plusieurs éléments verticaux ;
- la figure 6 est une vue en perspective d'une première variante de la paroi d'obturation latérale selon l'invention ;
- la figure 7 est une vue en coupe verticale de la paroi, où l'inducteur n'a pas été représenté ;
- la figure 8 est une vue frontale d'une deuxième variante de la paroi d'obturation latérale ;
- la figure 9 est une vue simplifiée d'une troisième variante, et
- la figure 10 est une vue schématique de dessus d'une quatrième variante.
- Figure 1 is a schematic perspective view of the casting installation between cylinders;
- Figure 2 is a front view along arrow F1 of Figure 1 showing the general arrangement of a side closure wall according to the invention;
- Figure 3 is a didactic sectional representation along line III-III of Figure 2 showing the currents, magnetic field and forces acting in the installation according to the invention;
- FIG. 4 is a view from above of FIG. 3.
- Figure 5 is a similar representation in the case of a cover plate in several vertical elements;
- Figure 6 is a perspective view of a first variant of the lateral closure wall according to the invention;
- Figure 7 is a vertical sectional view of the wall, where the inductor has not been shown;
- Figure 8 is a front view of a second variant of the lateral closure wall;
- FIG. 9 is a simplified view of a third variant, and
- Figure 10 is a schematic top view of a fourth variant.
L'installation de coulée d'acier représentée à la
figure 1 comporte deux parois mobiles ici constituées par les
deux cylindres 1 et 2 d'axes parallèles et horizontaux. De
manière classique et connue en soi, les cylindres 1, 2 sont
refroidis intérieurement et entraínés en rotation en sens
contraire. Deux parois d'obturation latérales 3 et 4 sont
disposés contre les faces frontales des cylindres, et donc
orientées selon des plans verticaux, tels que le plan P,
perpendiculaire aux parois cylindriques des cylindres. Ces
parois d'obturation latérale définissent avec les parois des
cylindres, dans la zone située au-dessus du niveau de leurs
axes, un espace de coulée 5.The steel casting installation shown in
Figure 1 has two movable walls here formed by the
two
Lors de la coulée, de l'acier en fusion 6 est versé
(selon la flèche F2) dans l'espace de coulée 5, où il se
solidifie progressivement au contact des parois refroidies
des cylindres en formant des peaux d'acier solidifié. Par la
rotation des cylindres, les peaux solidifiées sont entraínées
vers le bas et se rejoignent au niveau du col entre les
cylindres pour former le produit mince 7 extrait en continu.During casting,
On a représenté à la figure 2 la paroi d'obturation
latérale 3 qui comporte une plaque 31 en matériau
électriquement conducteur, tel que du cuivre ou un alliage de
cuivre, de forme trapézoïdale, dont les bords latéraux
jouxtent les extrémités frontales des cylindres. Un inducteur
10 formé d'un conducteur 11 enroulé en spirale 12 plane est
placé parallèlement à la plaque 31, et à proximité directe de
celle-ci. L'inducteur 10 est alimenté par une source 13 de
courant alternatif, par exemple de 50 Hz à 500 KHz, et de
forte intensité. Les inducteurs conformés de cette manière
sont couramment appelés de type "Pancake".FIG. 2 shows the
Dans la disposition de la figure 2, la spirale 12 a une
forme trapézoïdale, et est disposé par rapport à la plaque 31
de manière que les parties horizontales 14 du conducteur
soient face à la plaque 31, alors que les parties latérales
obliques 15, 16 débordent latéralement de ladite plaque. En
d'autres termes, on peut assimiler la spirale de forme
trapézoïdale de l'inducteur à une spirale de forme
circulaire, et lesdites parties horizontales 14, et latérales
obliques 15, 16 à des secteurs angulaires de cette spirale.
Alors, les secteurs angulaires 15, 16, diamétralement
opposés, sont situés face à des zones 17, 18 (encadrées sur
la figure 2 par des traits mixtes, et qui n'ont pas ici de
réalité physique) coplanaires avec la plaque 31, et situées
hors de ladite plaque, et donc implicitement électriquement
isolées de celle-ci. Par ailleurs les secteurs angulaires
correspondant aux parties horizontales 14 du conducteur, se
trouvent face à la zone 19 définie ici par la surface de la
plaque 31.In the arrangement of Figure 2, the
Dans une autre disposition schématisée à la figure 9,
la plaque 31 est formée de deux éléments 32', 33' juxtaposés,
et le centre de la spirale 12' est situé au niveau de
l'interface entre les deux éléments 32', 33'. Un premier
secteur angulaire de la spirale, constitué par sa moitié
supérieure est situé face à une première zone constituée ici
de la surface de l'élément 32', lequel est isolé
électriquement d'une deuxième zone, constituée ici de la
surface de l'élément 33', laquelle se trouve face au deuxième
secteur angulaire de la spirale constitué par sa moitié
supérieure.In another arrangement shown diagrammatically in FIG. 9,
the
Comme on va mieux le comprendre par la suite, l'intérêt
de la disposition de l'inducteur selon l'invention est
d'éviter un bouclage des courants de Foucault, générés dans
la plaque 31 lorsque l'inducteur est alimenté, dans un plan
parallèle à ceux de la plaque et de l'inducteur.As we will understand better later, the interest
of the arrangement of the inductor according to the invention is
avoid looping the eddy currents generated in
the
En regard avec les figures 3 à 5 on va maintenant décrire le principe de fonctionnement de la paroi d'obturation conforme à l'invention.Next to Figures 3 to 5 we will now describe the operating principle of the wall shutter according to the invention.
On a symbolisé sur ces schémas les courants, champs et forces qui circulent ou s'exercent dans le plan de la feuille par des flèches, et par des cercles lorsqu'ils sont perpendiculaires au plan de la feuille. Les champs ou courants dirigés de l'avant vers l'arrière de la feuille sont représentés par un cercle contenant une croix, et ceux dirigés inversement par un cercle contenant un point.The currents, fields and forces flowing or acting in the plane of the sheet by arrows, and by circles when they are perpendicular to the plane of the sheet. The fields or currents directed from front to back of the sheet are represented by a circle containing a cross, and those directed inversely by a circle containing a point.
Le schéma de la figure 3 montre ces courants, champs et
forces dans une section verticale selon la ligne III-III de
la figure 2 ; le schéma de la figure 4 les montre dans une
section horizontale au niveau de la ligne IV-IV de la figure
3, dans le cas d'une plaque 31 monobloc telle que celle de la
figure 2 ; le schéma de la figure 5 est similaire à celui de
la figure 4, mais dans le cas où la plaque 31 est formée de
plusieurs éléments allongés verticalement et accolés, et
isolés électriquement entre eux. The diagram in Figure 3 shows these currents, fields and
forces in a vertical section along line III-III of
Figure 2; the diagram in Figure 4 shows them in a
horizontal section at line IV-IV in figure
3, in the case of a one-
De manière simplifiée, on peut dire que le courant I1
circulant dans le conducteur 11 génère un champ magnétique B1
dont la profondeur de pénétration dans la plaque 31 est
faible. Ce champ B1 crée dans l'épaisseur de peau de la
plaque des courants induits I2 qui bouclent horizontalement.
Les courants I2 génèrent un champ B2 qui pénètre dans
l'épaisseur de peau de l'acier 6 contenu dans l'espace de
coulée et y génère à son tour des courants induits I3. Ces
courants d'une part provoquent un échauffement de l'acier et
empêchent ainsi une solidification prématurée de l'acier à
proximité de la plaque 31, et d'autre part, par interaction
avec le champ B2, créent des forces FR dirigées vers le
milieu de l'espace de coulée, qui tendent à éloigner de
ladite plaque la pellicule de métal solidifiée 6', réduisant
ainsi le frottement du métal coulé sur cette plaque. Ainsi
les deux objectifs de l'invention, qui sont de limiter la
solidification de l'acier à proximité de la paroi latérale
d'obturation et de limiter le frottement contre cette paroi,
sont atteints.In a simplified manner, it can be said that the current I 1 flowing in the
De plus, dans la zone de contact entre la plaque 31 et
les bords 1', 2' des cylindres, les courants I2 génèrent, de
manière similaire à ce qui a été exposé ci-dessus, des
courants induits I4, générant à leur tour dans l'acier situé
dans les angles de l'espace de coulée des courants I3', qui
circulent selon les flèches indiquées sur la figure 4,
lesquels tendent également à repousser l'acier coulé de la
paroi des cylindres. La composition des forces exercées
conduit à une résultante FR' qui tend à repousser l'acier du
joint entre les cylindres 1, 2 et la paroi latérale, et donc
améliore l'étanchéité en évitant les infiltrations de métal
liquide dans ce joint.In addition, in the contact zone between the
Les explications données ci-dessus dans le cas d'une
plaque 31 formée d'un seul élément s'appliquent également au
cas représenté à la figure 5 où la plaque est formée de trois
éléments 31', 31'', 31''', la seule différence étant que les
courants I2 bouclent dans chaque élément au lieu de boucler
dans la section entière de la plaque. The explanations given above in the case of a
On comprendra aisément aussi que les explications données ci-dessus, en considération des champs, courants et forces dans la moitié supérieure du dispositif s'appliquent à la moitié inférieure avec une simple inversion du sens des courants et des champs.It will also be easily understood that the explanations above, taking into account fields, currents and forces in the upper half of the device apply to the bottom half with a simple reversal of the direction of currents and fields.
On comprendra aussi que les courants et forces induits
dans l'acier coulé ne peuvent exister que grâce au fait que
les courants induits dans la plaque 31 ou dans chaque élément
31', 31'', 31''' de plaque circulent selon un plan
perpendiculaire au plan général-de la plaque. C'est pourquoi
aucune spire de l'inducteur ne se trouve entièrement face à
un même élément de plaque. En effet, si tel était le cas, les
courants induits boucleraient dans la zone superficielle de
cet élément située face à l'inducteur, parallèlement au plan
de la plaque et d'une part n'atteindraient pas la zone
superficielle de l'élément située du côté de l'acier coulé,
et d'autre part créeraient uniquement un échauffement dudit
élément.We will also understand that the induced currents and forces
in cast steel can only exist thanks to the fact that
the currents induced in the
Il convient aussi de noter que les courants induits I2,
I3, I3',I4 circulent à proximité des surfaces des différents
matériaux parce que la fréquence du courant I1 d'inducteur
est telle que la profondeur de pénétration des champs induits
est faible. La fréquence devra donc être suffisamment élevée,
en fonction du matériau constitutif de la plaque 31 pour ne
pas avoir une profondeur de pénétration du champ B1 dans la
plaque 31 trop forte. Par ailleurs si la profondeur de
pénétration du champ B2 dans l'acier coulé est faible, les
forces de répulsion FR sont fortes, mais l'effet de brassage
de l'acier liquide peut être faible voire quasi nul.It should also be noted that the induced currents I 2 , I 3 , I 3 ', I 4 circulate near the surfaces of the different materials because the frequency of the inductor current I 1 is such that the penetration depth of the induced fields is weak. The frequency must therefore be high enough, depending on the material of which the
Par exemple pour une plaque 31, ou des éléments de
plaque, en cuivre, le courant inducteur pourra être de 50 Hz
à 500 kHz, ce qui correspond à des profondeurs de pénétration
dans le cuivre respectivement de 9,2 mm à 0,09 mm.For example for a
La fréquence sera donc choisie principalement en fonction de l'effet recherché dans l'acier, compte tenu que l'épaisseur totale de la plaque en cuivre est largement supérieure à la profondeur de pénétration indiquée ci-dessus. The frequency will therefore be chosen mainly in depending on the desired effect in the steel, taking into account that the total thickness of the copper plate is largely greater than the depth of penetration indicated above.
Il est encore précisé que, dans le cas d'une plaque constituée de plusieurs éléments, ces éléments peuvent être réalisés en des matériaux différents présentant des caractéristiques électroconductrices différentes. Cette disposition particulière permet d'adapter l'intensité des courants et des forces en fonction de la localisation des éléments dans la plaque par rapport à l'espace de coulée. Par exemple un choix judicieux, dans la plaque représentée à la figure 5, du matériau des éléments 31', 31''' qui se trouvent proches des parois des cylindres, permet, en utilisant un seul inducteur parcouru par le courant I1, de créer des forces de répulsion plus importantes, ou un réchauffage préférentiel, dans les coins de l'espace de coulée que vers le milieu de la paroi latérale où agit l'élément 31'', réalisé en un autre matériau, le choix des matériaux étant basé sur la valeur de leurs profondeurs de pénétration respectives, et leurs conductibilités électriques.It is further specified that, in the case of a plate made up of several elements, these elements can be made of different materials having different electroconductive characteristics. This particular arrangement makes it possible to adapt the intensity of the currents and the forces as a function of the location of the elements in the plate with respect to the casting space. For example, a judicious choice, in the plate represented in FIG. 5, of the material of the elements 31 ', 31''' which are located near the walls of the cylinders, allows, by using a single inductor traversed by the current I 1 , to create greater repulsion forces, or preferential reheating, in the corners of the casting space than towards the middle of the side wall where the element 31 '' acts, made of another material, the choice of materials being based on the value of their respective penetration depths, and their electrical conductivities.
On a représenté à la figure 6 une paroi latérale selon
l'invention, dans la variante où la plaque 31 est formée de
trois éléments 32, 33, 34 allongés selon une direction
verticale et juxtaposés horizontalement, un film mince 35 en
matériau électriquement isolant étant placé entre deux
éléments adjacents. Chaque élément comporte un conduit
central longitudinal 36 (seul celui de l'élément 32 a été
représenté sur la figure pour ne pas la surcharger). Les
trois conduits 36 débouchent vers le bas dans un canal de
répartition 37 (figure 7) relié par une tuyauterie 38 à un
circuit d'alimentation, non représenté, en un fluide de
refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau. De même les conduites
36 débouchent vers le haut dans un collecteur 39 relié à une
tuyauterie de sortie 40.FIG. 6 shows a side wall according to
the invention, in the variant where the
Le canal de répartition 37 est aménagé dans un boítier
inférieur 41 et le collecteur est aménagé dans un boítier
supérieur 42, ces deux boítiers servant à maintenir
l'assemblage des éléments 32, 33, 34, ainsi qu'au
positionnement de l'ensemble de la plaque par rapport aux
cylindres 1, 2, et à la fixation sur l'installation. Ces
boítiers 41, 42 sont isolés électriquement des éléments 32,
33, 34 de la plaque.The
L'inducteur 10 est un inducteur plat de type "Pancake",
maintenu à faible distance de la plaque, de manière à avoir
la plus forte proportion possible de champ magnétique induit
dans ladite plaque, tout en étant isolé électriquement de
cette dernière. Les parties latérales de l'inducteur
débordent de la plaque 31. Ces parties latérales pourraient
également, notamment si l'on augmentait le nombre d'éléments
juxtaposés, être situées face aux éléments situés sur les
bords de la plaque, auquel cas les courants induits
circuleraient, dans la zone de ces parois latérales, non plus
horizontalement comme dans les autres éléments, mais
verticalement.The
La figure 8 montre une autre variante de réalisation
dans laquelle la plaque 31 est constituée de quatre éléments
horizontaux 45 juxtaposés verticalement, deux boítiers
latéraux 46, 47 assurant la même fonction que les boítiers
41, 42 de la variante précédente. L'inducteur déborde ici de
la plaque vers le haut et vers le bas. On comprendra aisément
que dans cette variante les courants induits circulent dans
des plans sensiblement verticaux, les courants et forces
induites dans le métal coulé se déduisent des explications
précédentes par simple transposition.Figure 8 shows another alternative embodiment
in which the
D'autres variantes d'exécution sont réalisables tout en
restant dans le champ de la présente invention. Par exemple
le nombre d'éléments constitutifs de la plaque 31 peut être
modifié. La plaque 31 peut ne constituer qu'une partie de la
paroi latérale d'obturation, par exemple en étant placée au
niveau du col entre les parois mobiles et surmontée d'une
autre plaque en matériau réfractaire. Ou encore, comme
représenté schématiquement à la figure 10, la plaque ainsi
que l'inducteur peuvent être légèrement concaves dans leur
partie en contact avec le métal liquide 6, ce qui permet de
concentrer la puissance injectée dans ledit métal.Other execution variants are possible while
remaining within the scope of the present invention. for example
the number of components of the
Claims (12)
- Side closure wall of a plant for continuous casting between moving walls, comprising two cooled moving walls (1, 2) which between them define a casting space (5) bounded laterally by two of the said side closure walls (3) which adjoin the edges of the said moving walls, characterized in that the said side closure wall comprises a cooled plate (31) made of an electrically conductive material, oriented in a vertical plane perpendicular to the moving walls, and an inductor (10) which is supplied with a variable current and consists of a conductor wound in a spiral parallel to the plate and in direct proximity to the latter, and such that at least one first angular sector (15, 16) of the spiral lies opposite a first region (17, 18) which is coplanar with the plate and electrically insulated from a second region (19), the latter being included in the plate and lying opposite a second sector (14) of the spiral.
- Wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (31) is formed from a single element and two (15, 16) of the said first angular sectors of the spiral, which are diametrically opposed, lie opposite regions coplanar with the plate and lying outside the said element.
- Wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate is formed from several juxtaposed elements (32, 33, 34) which are electrically insulated from one another.
- Wall according to Claim 3, characterized in that the elements are elongate in a horizontal direction and are juxtaposed vertically.
- Wall according to Claim 3, characterized in that the elements are elongate in a vertical direction and are juxtaposed horizontally.
- Wall according to Claim 3, characterized in that all the elements are made of the same electrically conductive material.
- Wall according to Claim 3, characterized in that at least one element is made of a material having electrical conductivity characteristics different from those of the materials of the other elements.
- Wall according to either of Claims 2 and 3, characterized in that each element is cooled by the internal circulation of a coolant.
- Wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate (31) is made of copper or a copper alloy.
- Wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the frequency of the inductor current is from 50 Hz to 500 kHz.
- Wall according to Claim 1, characterized in that the plate 31 and the inductor 10 are concave.
- Twin-roll continuous casting plant, characterized in that it comprises two walls according to one of the preceding claims, the said rolls constituting the said moving walls.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9211507 | 1992-09-23 | ||
FR9211507A FR2695846B1 (en) | 1992-09-23 | 1992-09-23 | Lateral closing wall of a continuous metal casting installation between movable walls and installation comprising such a wall. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0589811A1 EP0589811A1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
EP0589811B1 true EP0589811B1 (en) | 1999-01-13 |
Family
ID=9433936
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93470020A Expired - Lifetime EP0589811B1 (en) | 1992-09-23 | 1993-09-07 | Side wall for a continuous cashing plkant for cashing metal between movable walls and apparatus |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0589811B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE175603T1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE69323021T2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK0589811T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2129075T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2695846B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3029545T3 (en) |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS60261645A (en) * | 1984-06-08 | 1985-12-24 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | Twin roll type continuous casting machine |
JPS6257746A (en) * | 1985-09-06 | 1987-03-13 | Daido Steel Co Ltd | Continuous casting device for thin metallic sheet |
JPS6264458A (en) * | 1985-09-18 | 1987-03-23 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Continuous casting method for thin ingot |
JPS62259642A (en) * | 1986-05-02 | 1987-11-12 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Continuous casting apparatus for strip |
JPH02155543A (en) * | 1988-12-09 | 1990-06-14 | Hitachi Ltd | Apparatus for continuously casting cast strip |
FR2670413B1 (en) * | 1990-12-17 | 1993-04-09 | Usinor Sacilor | CONTINUOUS CASTING DEVICE FOR THIN STRIPS OF METAL, ESPECIALLY STEEL. |
-
1992
- 1992-09-23 FR FR9211507A patent/FR2695846B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-09-07 ES ES93470020T patent/ES2129075T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-07 DE DE69323021T patent/DE69323021T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-09-07 DK DK93470020T patent/DK0589811T3/en active
- 1993-09-07 AT AT93470020T patent/ATE175603T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1993-09-07 EP EP93470020A patent/EP0589811B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-09-22 DE DE4332220A patent/DE4332220A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-03-03 GR GR990400640T patent/GR3029545T3/en unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GR3029545T3 (en) | 1999-06-30 |
ES2129075T3 (en) | 1999-06-01 |
ATE175603T1 (en) | 1999-01-15 |
FR2695846B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 |
DK0589811T3 (en) | 1999-09-06 |
EP0589811A1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
FR2695846A1 (en) | 1994-03-25 |
DE69323021T2 (en) | 1999-08-12 |
DE69323021D1 (en) | 1999-02-25 |
DE4332220A1 (en) | 1994-03-24 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0258101B1 (en) | Process for melting scrap, and electric furnace for performing the process | |
EP0439981B1 (en) | Process and device for manufacturing metallic thixotropic products by continuous casting and electromagnetic stirring | |
CA2312876C (en) | Electromagnetic braking device for a smelting metal in a continuous casting installation | |
FR2568797A1 (en) | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CASTING CONDUCTIVE AND SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS | |
EP0636848B1 (en) | Smelting process of electrically-conductive materials in an induction smelting furnace with a cold crucible and furnace therefor | |
EP0491641B1 (en) | Continuous casting machine for casting thin metal strip, especially of steel | |
EP1551580B1 (en) | Method and device for controlling flows in a continuous slab casting ingot mould | |
CA2017132C (en) | Cold bottom emptying crucible | |
EP0589811B1 (en) | Side wall for a continuous cashing plkant for cashing metal between movable walls and apparatus | |
CH645048A5 (en) | APPARATUS FOR AGITATING FUSED METALS. | |
EP0063072A1 (en) | Ingot mould equipment for continuous metal casting | |
CA2398724C (en) | Equipment for supplying molten metal to a continuous casting ingot mould and method for using same | |
EP0593383B1 (en) | Apparatus for twin roll continuous casting of thin metallic products | |
CA1208878A (en) | Electromagnetic stirring method and device for molten metals, namely steel, in a continuous casting process | |
FR2661120A3 (en) | Ingot mould for the continuous casting of liquid metal equipped with means for controlling the solidification of the liquid metal | |
CH616610A5 (en) | ||
EP0022711A1 (en) | Process and agitating means for ameliorating the quality of continuous cast metals | |
CH661221A5 (en) | METHOD OF MOLDING IN A METAL MOLD. | |
FR2725647A1 (en) | BAND CASTING APPARATUS, METHOD FOR CASTING METAL BAND | |
EP0013840B1 (en) | Mould for continuously casting billets with an electromagnetic stirring inductor | |
WO2012127152A1 (en) | Induction furnace crucible | |
FR2529117A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC BREWING OF METALS, IN PARTICULAR STEELS, CONTINUOUS CASTINGS AND DEVICE FOR IMPLEMENTING THE SAME | |
FR2540699A1 (en) | Electromagnetic device for regulating stirring of molten metals in induction crucible furnaces | |
EP3717147A1 (en) | Low-speed and low-frequency aluminium casting process | |
WO2007065983A1 (en) | Device for electromagnetically stirring liquid metal for a continuous casting line |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19940429 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19980420 |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAG | Despatch of communication of intention to grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS AGRA |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
RAP1 | Party data changed (applicant data changed or rights of an application transferred) |
Owner name: THYSSEN STAHL AKTIENGESELLSCHAFT Owner name: USINOR |
|
GRAH | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOS IGRA |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IE IT LI LU NL PT SE |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 175603 Country of ref document: AT Date of ref document: 19990115 Kind code of ref document: T |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
ITF | It: translation for a ep patent filed |
Owner name: BUGNION S.P.A. |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: FRENCH |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 69323021 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19990225 |
|
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) |
Effective date: 19990318 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FG2A Ref document number: 2129075 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: T3 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: SC4A Free format text: AVAILABILITY OF NATIONAL TRANSLATION Effective date: 19990319 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: T3 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: IF02 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 20030827 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 20030828 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: LU Payment date: 20030828 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: IE Payment date: 20030828 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Payment date: 20030829 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: AT Payment date: 20030829 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Payment date: 20030901 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: CH Payment date: 20030901 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DK Payment date: 20030903 Year of fee payment: 11 Ref country code: DE Payment date: 20030903 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20030904 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Payment date: 20030917 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: ES Payment date: 20030919 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Payment date: 20031001 Year of fee payment: 11 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040907 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040907 Ref country code: GB Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040907 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040907 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040908 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040908 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040930 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040930 Ref country code: CH Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040930 Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20040930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050307 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *THYSSEN STAHL A.G. Effective date: 20040930 Owner name: *USINOR Effective date: 20040930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050401 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050401 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050405 |
|
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 20040907 |
|
EUG | Se: european patent has lapsed | ||
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050531 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: PT Ref legal event code: MM4A Free format text: LAPSE DUE TO NON-PAYMENT OF FEES Effective date: 20050307 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee |
Effective date: 20050401 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DK Ref legal event code: EBP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20050907 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: ES Ref legal event code: FD2A Effective date: 20040908 |
|
BERE | Be: lapsed |
Owner name: *THYSSEN STAHL A.G. Effective date: 20040930 Owner name: *USINOR Effective date: 20040930 |