EP0589733B1 - Progressively shaped throttle valve body and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Progressively shaped throttle valve body and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0589733B1 EP0589733B1 EP93402075A EP93402075A EP0589733B1 EP 0589733 B1 EP0589733 B1 EP 0589733B1 EP 93402075 A EP93402075 A EP 93402075A EP 93402075 A EP93402075 A EP 93402075A EP 0589733 B1 EP0589733 B1 EP 0589733B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- axis
- butterfly valve
- valve member
- passage
- butterfly
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
- F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
- F02D9/1035—Details of the valve housing
- F02D9/104—Shaping of the flow path in the vicinity of the flap, e.g. having inserts in the housing
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
- F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
- F02D9/1035—Details of the valve housing
- F02D9/1055—Details of the valve housing having a fluid by-pass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D9/00—Controlling engines by throttling air or fuel-and-air induction conduits or exhaust conduits
- F02D9/08—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits
- F02D9/10—Throttle valves specially adapted therefor; Arrangements of such valves in conduits having pivotally-mounted flaps
- F02D9/107—Manufacturing or mounting details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F05C2201/00—Metals
- F05C2201/02—Light metals
- F05C2201/021—Aluminium
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a throttle body for a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an injection device comprising electronic means for controlling the quantity of fuel introduced in each engine operating cycle.
- the quantity of fuel injected per cycle must be proportional to the air flow admitted to the engine.
- this air flow is calculated by electronic means from signals indicating on the one hand the degree of opening of the butterfly valve (supplied for example by a potentiometer), on the other hand the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the butterfly, representative of the air speed. Satisfactory engine control at low loads (i.e. for small throttle openings) requires that the initial increase in flow be very gradual. In particular, driving pleasure is practically obtained, in the case of an electronically controlled injection device, only with an initial variation of the air flow as a function of the opening angle ⁇ of the butterfly having a shape of the genus shown schematically in thick lines in FIG. 1.
- butterfly bodies of the type comprising a housing in which is formed an intake duct and a butterfly in the form of a circular or slightly elliptical disc, mounted on a median axis of rotation transverse to the duct. and movable between a minimum open position, possibly zero, and a maximum open position for which the butterfly is oriented parallel to the axis of the duct, the duct having a wall which has a complex shape, so that the passage section offered to the air increases at the start of the opening, as a function of the opening angle of the butterfly, much less rapidly than in the case of a cylindrical conduit.
- the invention aims in particular to provide a butterfly body that better meets those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it makes it possible to obtain all the required progressivity laws without however presenting difficulties in production or assembly. throttle or jamming (see EP-A-433518).
- the invention provides a butterfly body of the type defined above, characterized in that the duct has a straight cylindrical section with a section corresponding to the shape of the butterfly in the latter's minimum open position, s' extending upstream and downstream of said minimum opening position, and present, in upstream and downstream of the cylindrical section and along the path followed by the upstream and downstream sections of the butterfly valve up to a determined opening angle of the latter, respective zones delimited by arcs of circles centered on the axis of the duct intake and decreasing radius from the cylindrical section.
- the cylindrical section will be of circular section, which corresponds well to the usual forms of butterfly which are either with circular periphery, or with very slightly elliptical periphery when the position of minimum opening, possibly zero, of the butterfly is inclined by relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the duct.
- the axial length of the cylindrical section will be chosen so that, at constant sonic pressure difference between upstream and downstream, the flow rate which passes when the section of the butterfly exceeds, upstream and downstream, the section cylindrical is between 160 and 180% of the flow corresponding to the minimum opening of the butterfly.
- This flow rate corresponding to the minimum opening can be that which passes through the clearance which remains between the edge of the butterfly and the intake duct, when the closing of the butterfly is limited by a stop so that the butterfly cannot come apply against the wall, or one that passes through a bypass duct providing in particular the flow of idle air.
- the invention also provides a method for making a relatively simple metal butterfly body of the type defined above.
- the method comprises the steps of molding a blank having an internal passage having, upstream and downstream of a straight cylindrical section corresponding to a minimum opening position of the butterfly, respective zones, each zone having a section of revolution from that of the sides of the median plane towards which the edge does not move when opening from the minimum opening position and, having opposite side, an area the projection of which towards the axis of the duct increases from the plane containing the throttle axis to the orthogonal plane and containing the throttle axis, and for machining the above-defined zones in the form of arcs circles of decreasing radius from said cylindrical section to the extreme position taken by the butterfly for said determined maximum opening angle.
- the throttle body which will now be described is designed to obtain a law of variation of the flow rate of the kind shown in FIG. 1.
- the body shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 comprises a metal housing 10 made by molding and partial machining and a throttle 12 (FIG. 2) fixed in a shaft 14 allowing it to rotate about an axis orthogonal to the axis 16 of an intake duct 18 formed in the housing.
- the butterfly valve 12 illustrated in FIG. 2 can be moved from the minimum opening position shown in solid lines to a full opening position where it is directed along the axis 16 of the duct 18.
- the minimum opening position can be fixed by the support of the edge of the butterfly, slightly elliptical in shape, against the wall of the duct, at a location where this wall is cylindrical, for an inclination relative to a plane transverse to the axis 16 of approximately 5 ° .
- the minimum opening position can also be fixed by an adjustment stop not shown. In this case, the minimum opening angle can be 0 ° or very close to 0 °.
- the shaft 14 rotates in bearings formed in bosses 20 of the body.
- One of its ends is fixed to the cursor of an angle sensor such as a potentiometer 22 indicating the angular position of the butterfly.
- the other end is fixed to a cam 24 to which the throttle control cable hangs.
- a bypass passage 23 connecting the upstream of the butterfly an outlet 25 located downstream.
- a solenoid valve for opening it and therefore allowing an additional air flow to pass to that which bypasses the butterfly 12, at least when the latter is in its minimum open position.
- the intake duct 18 can be viewed as comprising a straight cylindrical central section with circular section 26 and upstream parts (above the butterfly 12 in the case of an inverted butterfly body, where the air circulates in the direction indicated by arrow f) and downstream.
- the central section 26 has a diameter such that the leaks along the edge of the butterfly 12, when the latter bears against the wall, are very reduced.
- the height h of this section is chosen so that the flow which passes around the butterfly as soon as the section exceeds, upstream and downstream, the cylindrical section is between 160 and 180% of the sonic flow corresponding to the opening minimum of the butterfly, while the possible bypass passage 22 is closed.
- the section 26 will be symmetrical with respect to the axis of the butterfly shaft 14.
- the upstream part of the intake duct 18 is asymmetrical with respect to a plane passing through the axis 16 and through the axis of the shaft 14.
- Half of the upstream part from which the edge of the butterfly moves apart during the opening (right half in Figure 2) is slightly conical or cylindrical and semi-circular section at each level along the axis 16. The other half, on the contrary, is present at each level z between the upper level z0 of the cylindrical section 26 and a level zm a section of composite shape.
- This section can be regarded as having a central part constituted by an arc of a circle centered on the axis 16 and of decreasing radius from the level z0 and side parts having a general shape of arc of an ellipse whose major axis is equal, at each level, to that of the section at the same level of the right half and whose minor axis increases from the central section.
- the minor axis of this ellipse is chosen so that the edge of the butterfly remains entirely along the zone where the cross section is in the form of an arc of a circle, until it reaches the level zm.
- the butterfly can be mounted easily, even when it has a significant thickness. Indeed, along the plane passing through the axis 16 and the axis of the butterfly shaft 14, there is an insertion path where the transverse dimension of the duct is at least equal to the diameter of the butterfly.
- line 30 then becomes the place of intersections between successive elementary cylinders and a plane passing through an axis offset from the axis of rotation, in the direction of the axis 16, the offset being substantially equal to half the thickness. of the butterfly.
- the downstream part of the intake duct has the same constitution as the upstream part. It can be symmetrical with the upstream part. In the case illustrated in Figure 2 it is significantly shorter than the upstream part, for reasons of space of the body.
- the radii of successive circles i.e. the evolution of the shape for successive opening angles can be developed in a manner known per se on a computer, using software transforming the data of a law of variation of the mass air flow rate as a function of the angle of the butterfly in an upstream form and a downstream form defined by separate coordinates.
- the software is designed so as to obtain continuity with the parts with a circular or elliptical cross section.
- the housing is metallic (aluminum for example) and can be produced by pressure molding of a blank of the kind shown in FIG. 5, then machining on a machining center.
- the blank shown in Figure 5 is achievable without difficulty, with a core in two parts introduced on either side, along the axis. At each level along the axis, the left part above the central cylindrical section and the right part below this section present, at each level along the axis, a form of half-ellipse whose small axis is chosen so that the section just delivers passage to the butterfly when the latter opens.
- the extra thickness to be removed in the machined areas (represented by screened areas in Figure 2) is indicated in dashed lines in Figure 5.
- the opening angle ⁇ ( Figure 2) for which the butterfly remains in a machined area will be between 35 and 50 °.
- the butterfly can then be placed in a conventional manner.
- the butterfly shaft can be inserted, its slot being oriented in the direction corresponding to the complete opening of the butterfly.
- the butterfly 12 is slid along the axis.
- the shaft is rotated so as to bring the butterfly to the minimum open position.
- the fixing means such as screws, are put in place.
- the butterfly has dimensions preventing it from arriving at an orientation where it is perpendicular to the axis 16: its position of abutment against the wall of the intake duct 18 makes an angle of a few degrees with the plane orthogonal to the axis 16.
- the section 26 may be limited to a circular line.
- the butterfly is arched, that is to say that its two wings form an obtuse angle with respect to each other.
- One of the wings is designed to bear against the wall of the intake duct at an angle of a few degrees with the plane orthogonal to the axis, while the other wing is then orthogonal to the axis.
- the section 26 is asymmetrical relative to the plane containing the axis of the butterfly shaft.
- the invention would also be usable in the case of a butterfly which can rotate 180 ° around its axis, which is a solution sometimes adopted for butterfly bodies whose butterfly is not controlled directly by the driver, but by an engine taking into account various operating parameters and in particular the position of the accelerator pedal.
- Plastic molding can be done with much more precision than that of metals, a body of the kind described above can advantageously be made of plastic by direct molding of a core.
- a core In this case it is the external shape of the core which is produced by machining to have the shape defined above.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Control Of Throttle Valves Provided In The Intake System Or In The Exhaust System (AREA)
Description
La présente invention a pour objet un corps de papillon pour dispositif d'injection de combustible pour moteur à combustion interne, notamment pour dispositif d'injection comportant des moyens électroniques de commande de la quantité de combustible introduite à chaque cycle de fonctionnement du moteur.The present invention relates to a throttle body for a fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, in particular for an injection device comprising electronic means for controlling the quantity of fuel introduced in each engine operating cycle.
La quantité de combustible injectée par cycle doit être proportionnée au débit d'air admis au moteur. Dans beaucoup de dispositifs d'injection utilisés à l'heure actuelle, ce débit d'air est calculé par des moyens électroniques à partir de signaux indiquant d'une part le degré d'ouverture du papillon (fourni par exemple par un potentiomètre) , d'autre part la différence de pression entre l'amont et l'aval du papillon, représentative de la vitesse de l'air. Une commande satisfaisante du moteur aux faibles charges (c'est-à-dire pour les faibles ouvertures du papillon) exige que l'augmentation initiale du débit soit très progressive. En particulier, l'agrément de conduite n'est pratiquement obtenu, dans le cas d'un dispositif d'injection à commande électronique, qu'avec une variation initiale du débit d'air en fonction de l'angle d'ouverture α du papillon présentant une forme du genre schématisé en traits épais sur la figure 1.The quantity of fuel injected per cycle must be proportional to the air flow admitted to the engine. In many injection devices currently used, this air flow is calculated by electronic means from signals indicating on the one hand the degree of opening of the butterfly valve (supplied for example by a potentiometer), on the other hand the pressure difference between the upstream and downstream of the butterfly, representative of the air speed. Satisfactory engine control at low loads (i.e. for small throttle openings) requires that the initial increase in flow be very gradual. In particular, driving pleasure is practically obtained, in the case of an electronically controlled injection device, only with an initial variation of the air flow as a function of the opening angle α of the butterfly having a shape of the genus shown schematically in thick lines in FIG. 1.
Pour obtenir la progressivité requise, on a déjà proposé des corps de papillon du type comportant un boîtier dans lequel est ménagé un conduit d'admission et un papillon en forme de disque circulaire ou faiblement elliptique, monté sur un axe médian de rotation transversal au conduit et déplaçable entre une position d'ouverture minimum, éventuellement nulle, et une position d'ouverture maximum pour laquelle le papillon est orienté parallèlement à l'axe du conduit, le conduit ayant une paroi qui présente une forme complexe, de façon que la section de passage offerte à l'air augmente au début de l'ouverture, en fonction de l'angle d'ouverture du papillon, beaucoup moins rapidement que dans le cas d'un conduit cylindrique.To obtain the required progressiveness, butterfly bodies of the type have already been proposed comprising a housing in which is formed an intake duct and a butterfly in the form of a circular or slightly elliptical disc, mounted on a median axis of rotation transverse to the duct. and movable between a minimum open position, possibly zero, and a maximum open position for which the butterfly is oriented parallel to the axis of the duct, the duct having a wall which has a complex shape, so that the passage section offered to the air increases at the start of the opening, as a function of the opening angle of the butterfly, much less rapidly than in the case of a cylindrical conduit.
Dans le cas d'un corps métallique, où le moulage ne donne pas un degré de fini suffisant, les formes complexes retenues jusqu'ici ne peuvent pas être réalisées par un usinage simple et/ou exigent des ébauches difficiles à mouler. De plus, beaucoup de formes ne permettent pas de monter le papillon en l'insérant simplement le long de l'axe du conduit, alors qu'il s'agit là d'une condition indispensable sur une chaîne d'assemblage automatique.In the case of a metal body, where the molding does not give a sufficient degree of finish, the complex shapes retained so far cannot be produced by simple machining and / or require rough drafts to be molded. In addition, many forms do not allow the butterfly to be mounted by simply inserting it along the axis of the duct, whereas this is an essential condition on an automatic assembly line.
On a cependant proposé (voir FR-A-2663710) un corps de papillon à conduit de forme complexe pouvant être constitué directement par moulage, mais uniquement dans le cas d'une constitution en matériau synthétique où le moulage donne une précision suffisante. Cependant, la forme proposée (dans FR-A-2663710) fondée sur une approche prenant en considération les sections de passage plutôt que les débits, ne permet pas d'obtenir aisément la totalité des lois de variation du débit en fonction de l'ouverture, très différentes suivant le moteur alimenté ou la tringlerie d'entraînement, requises par les constructeurs actuels.However, there has been proposed (see FR-A-2663710) a butterfly body with a complex shaped duct which can be formed directly by molding, but only in the case of a constitution of synthetic material where the molding gives sufficient precision. However, the proposed form (in FR-A-2663710) based on an approach taking into account the passage sections rather than the flow rates, does not allow easy obtaining of all the laws of variation of the flow rate as a function of the opening , very different depending on the powered engine or the drive linkage, required by current manufacturers.
L'invention vise notamment à fournir un corps de papillon répondant mieux que ceux antérieurement connus aux exigences de la pratique, notamment en ce qu'il permet d'obtenir toutes les lois de progressivité requises sans pour autant présenter de difficultés de réalisation ou de montage du papillon ou de coincement (voir EP-A-433518).The invention aims in particular to provide a butterfly body that better meets those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it makes it possible to obtain all the required progressivity laws without however presenting difficulties in production or assembly. throttle or jamming (see EP-A-433518).
Dans ce but l'invention propose un corps de papillon du type ci-dessus défini, caractérisé en ce que le conduit présente un tronçon cylindrique droit de section correspondant à la forme du papillon dans la position d'ouverture minimale de ce dernier, s'étendant en amont et en aval de ladite position d'ouverture minimale, et présente, en amont et en aval du tronçon cylindrique et le long du trajet suivi par les tranches amont et aval du papillon jusqu'à un angle d'ouverture déterminé de ce dernier, des zones respectives délimitées par des arcs de cercles centrés sur l'axe du conduit d'admission et de rayons décroissants à partir du tronçon cylindrique.For this purpose, the invention provides a butterfly body of the type defined above, characterized in that the duct has a straight cylindrical section with a section corresponding to the shape of the butterfly in the latter's minimum open position, s' extending upstream and downstream of said minimum opening position, and present, in upstream and downstream of the cylindrical section and along the path followed by the upstream and downstream sections of the butterfly valve up to a determined opening angle of the latter, respective zones delimited by arcs of circles centered on the axis of the duct intake and decreasing radius from the cylindrical section.
En règle générale, le tronçon cylindrique sera à section circulaire, ce qui correspond bien aux formes habituelles de papillon qui sont soit à pourtour circulaire, soit à pourtour très légèrement elliptique lorsque la position d'ouverture minimale, éventuellement nulle, du papillon est inclinée par rapport à un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe du conduit.As a general rule, the cylindrical section will be of circular section, which corresponds well to the usual forms of butterfly which are either with circular periphery, or with very slightly elliptical periphery when the position of minimum opening, possibly zero, of the butterfly is inclined by relative to a plane perpendicular to the axis of the duct.
Dans la pratique, la longueur axiale du tronçon cylindrique sera choisie de façon que, à différence de pression sonique constante entre l'amont et l'aval, le débit qui passe lorsque la tranche du papillon dépasse, en amont et en aval, le tronçon cylindrique soit compris entre 160 et 180% du débit correspondant à l'ouverture minimale du papillon. Ce débit correspondant à l'ouverture minimale peut être celui qui passe par le jeu qui subsiste entre la tranche du papillon et le conduit d'admission, lorsque la fermeture du papillon est limitée par une butée de façon que le papillon ne puisse venir s'appliquer contre la paroi, ou celui qui passe par un conduit de dérivation fournissant notamment le débit d'air de ralenti.In practice, the axial length of the cylindrical section will be chosen so that, at constant sonic pressure difference between upstream and downstream, the flow rate which passes when the section of the butterfly exceeds, upstream and downstream, the section cylindrical is between 160 and 180% of the flow corresponding to the minimum opening of the butterfly. This flow rate corresponding to the minimum opening can be that which passes through the clearance which remains between the edge of the butterfly and the intake duct, when the closing of the butterfly is limited by a stop so that the butterfly cannot come apply against the wall, or one that passes through a bypass duct providing in particular the flow of idle air.
L'invention propose également un procédé permettant de réaliser de façon relativement simple un corps de papillon en métal du type ci-dessus défini. Le procédé comporte les étapes de moulage d'une ébauche ayant un passage interne présentant, en amont et en aval d'un tronçon cylindrique droit correspondant à une position d'ouverture minimale du papillon, des zones respectives, chaque zone ayant une section de révolution de celui des côtés du plan médian vers lequel ne se déplace pas la tranche lors de l'ouverture à partir de la position d'ouverture minimale et, ayant du côté opposé, une zone dont la saillie vers l'axe du conduit augmente du plan contenant l'axe de papillon vers le plan orthogonal et contenant l'axe de papillon, et d'usinage des zones ci-dessus définies sous forme d'arcs de cercles de rayons décroissants depuis ledit tronçon cylindrique jusqu'à la position extrême prise par le papillon pour ledit angle d'ouverture maximale déterminé.The invention also provides a method for making a relatively simple metal butterfly body of the type defined above. The method comprises the steps of molding a blank having an internal passage having, upstream and downstream of a straight cylindrical section corresponding to a minimum opening position of the butterfly, respective zones, each zone having a section of revolution from that of the sides of the median plane towards which the edge does not move when opening from the minimum opening position and, having opposite side, an area the projection of which towards the axis of the duct increases from the plane containing the throttle axis to the orthogonal plane and containing the throttle axis, and for machining the above-defined zones in the form of arcs circles of decreasing radius from said cylindrical section to the extreme position taken by the butterfly for said determined maximum opening angle.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit d'un mode particulier de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non-limitatif. La description se réfère aux dessins qui l'accompagnent, dans lesquels :
- la figure 1, déjà mentionnée, montre une loi souhaitable de variation du débit Q d'air en fonction du tirage d'un câble de commande du papillon ;
- la figure 2 montre un corps de papillon conforme à un mode particulier de réalisation, en coupe suivant un plan passant par l'axe du conduit d'admission et orthogonal à l'axe de papillon ;
- la figure 3 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 2 ;
- la figure 4 est une vue de-dessus du corps de papillon de la figure 1, sur lequel la section droite aux niveaux Z0, Z1 et Z2 de la figure 2 a été indiquée en tirets ;
- la figure 5 montre une ébauche obtenue par moulage, utilisable pour constituer le boîtier d'un corps suivant la figure 2, la forme après usinage étant représentée en traits mixtes.
- Figure 1, already mentioned, shows a desirable law of variation of the air flow rate Q as a function of the draw of a throttle control cable;
- Figure 2 shows a throttle body according to a particular embodiment, in section along a plane passing through the axis of the intake duct and orthogonal to the throttle axis;
- Figure 3 is a sectional view along line III-III of Figure 2;
- Figure 4 is a top view of the throttle body of Figure 1, in which the cross section at levels Z0, Z1 and Z2 of Figure 2 has been indicated in dashes;
- Figure 5 shows a blank obtained by molding, usable to form the housing of a body according to Figure 2, the shape after machining being shown in phantom.
Le corps de papillon qui sera maintenant décrit est prévu pour obtenir une loi de variation du débit du genre montré en figure 1. Le corps montré en figures 2 à 4 comporte un boîtier métallique 10 fabriqué par moulage et usinage partiel et un papillon 12 (figure 2) fixé dans un arbre 14 lui permettant de tourner autour d'un axe orthogonal à l'axe 16 d'un conduit d'admission 18 ménagé dans le boîtier.The throttle body which will now be described is designed to obtain a law of variation of the flow rate of the kind shown in FIG. 1. The body shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 comprises a
Classiquement, le papillon 12 illustré sur la figure 2 est déplaçable de la position d'ouverture minimale représentée en trait plein à une position de pleine ouverture où il est dirigé suivant l'axe 16 du conduit 18. La position d'ouverture minimale peut être fixée par l'appui de la tranche du papillon, de forme légérement elliptique, contre la paroi du conduit, à un emplacement où cette paroi est cylindrique, pour une inclinaison par rapport à un plan transversal à l'axe 16 d'environ 5°. La position d'ouverture minimale peut également étre fixée par une butée de réglage non représentée. L'angle d'ouverture minimale peut être dans ce cas égal à 0° ou très proche de 0°.Conventionally, the
Dans le mode de réalisation montré en figure 3, l'arbre 14 tourne dans des paliers ménagés dans des bossages 20 du corps. Une de ses extrémités est fixée au curseur d'un capteur d'angle tel qu'un potentiomètre 22 indiquant la position angulaire du papillon. L'autre extrémité est fixée à une came 24 à laquelle s'accroche le câble de commande du papillon. Dans le corps peut être ménagé un passage de dérivation 23 reliant l'amont du papillon un débouché 25 situé en aval. Sur ce passage est montée une électrovanne permettant de l'ouvrir et donc de laisser passer un débit d'air additionnel à celui qui contourne le papillon 12, du moins lorsque celui-ci est dans sa position d'ouverture minimale.In the embodiment shown in Figure 3, the
Le conduit d'admission 18 peut être regardé comme comportant un tronçon central cylindrique droit à section circulaire 26 et des parties amont (au-dessus du papillon 12 dans le cas d'un corps de papillon inversé, où l'air circule dans le sens indiqué par la flèche f) et aval.The
Le tronçon central 26 a un diamètre tel que les fuites le long de la tranche du papillon 12, lorsque celui-ci s'appuie contre la paroi, soient très réduites. La hauteur h de ce tronçon est choisie de façon que le débit qui passe autour du papillon dès que la tranche dépasse, en amont et en aval, le tronçon cylindrique soit compris entre 160 et 180% du débit sonique correspondant à l'ouverture minimale du papillon, alors que le passage de dérivation éventuel 22 est obturé. Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux parce qu'il permet de minimiser les tolérances de fabrication, le tronçon 26 sera symétrique par rapport à l'axe de l'arbre 14 de papillon.The
La partie amont du conduit d'admission 18 est dissymétrique par rapport à un plan passant par l'axe 16 et par l'axe de l'arbre 14. La moitié de la partie amont dont s'écarte la tranche du papillon lors de l'ouverture (moitié droite sur la figure 2) est légèrement conique ou cylindrique et à section semi-circulaire à chaque niveau le long de l'axe 16. L'autre moitié au contraire présente, à chaque niveau z compris entre le niveau supérieur z0 du tronçon cylindrique 26 et un niveau zm une section de forme composite. Cette section peut être regardée comme ayant une partie centrale constituée par un arc de cercle centré sur l'axe 16 et de rayon décroissant à partir du niveau z0 et des parties latérales ayant une forme générale d'arc d'une ellipse dont le grand axe est égal, à chaque niveau, à celui de la section au même niveau de la moitié droite et dont le petit axe augmente à partir du tronçon central. Le petit axe de cette ellipse est choisi de façon que la tranche du papillon reste entièrement le long de la zone où la section droite est en forme d'arc de cercle, jusqu'au moment où elle atteint le niveau zm.The upstream part of the
On voit sur la figure 2 que cela conduit à choisir l'excentricité de l'ellipse à chaque niveau z0 à zm de façon que les intersections entre les arcs d'ellipse et les arcs de cercle se disposent suivant une ligne 30 partant de l'arbre et dont la projection dans le plan de la figure 2 est sensiblement rectiligne.We see in Figure 2 that this leads to choosing the eccentricity of the ellipse at each level z0 to zm so that the intersections between the arcs of ellipse and the arcs of a circle are arranged along a
On peut également regarder le périmètre de la portion centrale de la partie gauche, à chaque niveau compris entre z0 et zm, comme l'intersection d'un cylindre élémentaire centré sur l'axe 16 et du plan reliant l'axe de l'arbre du papillon au point extrême de la forme évolutive ainsi constituée, au niveau zm.We can also look at the perimeter of the central portion of the left part, at each level between z0 and zm, as the intersection of an elementary cylinder centered on the axis 16 and the plane connecting the axis of the tree from the butterfly to the extreme point of the evolutionary form thus formed, at the zm level.
Grâce à cette disposition, le papillon peut être monté aisément, même lorsqu'il présente une épaisseur notable. En effet on dispose, le long du plan passant par l'axe 16 et l'axe de l'arbre 14 de papillon, d'un chemin d'introduction où la dimension transversale du conduit est au moins égale au diamètre du papillon.Thanks to this arrangement, the butterfly can be mounted easily, even when it has a significant thickness. Indeed, along the plane passing through the axis 16 and the axis of the
Lorsque l'épaisseur du papillon n'est pas négligeable, les formes ci-dessus définies peuvent être légèrement modifiées. En particulier la ligne 30 devient alors le lieu des intersections entre des cylindres élémentaires successifs et un plan passant par un axe décalé de l'axe de rotation, dans le sens de l'axe 16, le décalage étant sensiblement égal à la demi-épaisseur du papillon.When the thickness of the butterfly is not negligible, the shapes defined above can be slightly modified. In particular,
La partie aval du conduit d'admission a la même constitution que la partie amont. Elle peut être symétrique de la partie amont. Dans le cas illustré sur la figure 2 elle est nettement plus courte que la partie amont, pour des raisons d'encombrement du corps.The downstream part of the intake duct has the same constitution as the upstream part. It can be symmetrical with the upstream part. In the case illustrated in Figure 2 it is significantly shorter than the upstream part, for reasons of space of the body.
On voit sur la figure 2 que seules les parties tramées interviennent pour fixer la loi de variation du débit en fonction de l'angle d'ouverture du papillon, jusqu'à ce que cet angle atteigne la valeur α. En conséquence, il suffit d'usiner ces parties du conduit, les autres pouvant rester brutes de fonderie. L'usinage est relativement simple, puisqu'il se limite à la coupe suivant des arcs de cercle successifs, tels que ceux indiqués en z1 et z2 sur la figure 4 et qui correspondent aux niveaux z1 et z2 sur la figure 2.It can be seen in FIG. 2 that only the screened parts intervene to fix the law of variation of the flow rate as a function of the opening angle of the butterfly, until this angle reaches the value α. Consequently, it suffices to machine these parts of the conduit, the others possibly remaining rough. The machining is relatively simple, since it is limited to cutting along successive arcs of a circle, such as those indicated in z1 and z2 in FIG. 4 and which correspond to the levels z1 and z2 in FIG. 2.
Il est possible d'adopter des formes usinées symétriques en amont et en aval du papillon. Cependant, il est souvent plus avantageux d'adopter des formes distinctes, qui donnent davantage de souplesse d'adaptation aux diverses lois requises de variation du débit en fonction de l'angle d'ouverture.It is possible to adopt symmetrical machined shapes upstream and downstream of the butterfly. However, it is often more advantageous to adopt separate shapes, which give more flexibility to adapt to the various laws required to vary the flow rate as a function of the opening angle.
Les rayons des cercles successifs, c'est-à-dire l'évolution de la forme pour des angles d'ouverture successifs peut être élaborée de façon connue en soi sur ordinateur, en utilisant un logiciel transformant les données d'une loi de variation du débit massique d'air en fonction de l'angle du papillon en une forme amont et une forme aval définies par des coordonnées distinctes. Le logiciel est prévu de façon à obtenir une continuité avec les parties à section droite circulaire ou elliptique.The radii of successive circles, i.e. the evolution of the shape for successive opening angles can be developed in a manner known per se on a computer, using software transforming the data of a law of variation of the mass air flow rate as a function of the angle of the butterfly in an upstream form and a downstream form defined by separate coordinates. The software is designed so as to obtain continuity with the parts with a circular or elliptical cross section.
Il n'est pas nécessaire de décrire ici un logiciel permettant de calculer le rayon à donner à chaque niveau z1, z2,..., zm car de tels logiciels étant à la portée de l'homme de métier. Il est établi en tenant de compte de l'excentricité choisie a priori pour les ellipses dont des arcs sont conservés sur le boîtier usiné.It is not necessary to describe here a software allowing to calculate the radius to be given to each level z1, z2, ..., zm because such software being within the reach of the skilled person. It is established taking into account the eccentricity chosen a priori for ellipses whose arcs are preserved on the machined case.
Le boîtier est métallique (en aluminium par exemple) et peut être réalisé par moulage sous pression d'une ébauche du genre montré en figure 5, puis usinage sur un centre d'usinage. L'ébauche montrée en figure 5 est réalisable sans difficulté, avec un noyau en deux pièces introduites de part et d'autre, le long de l'axe. A chaque niveau le long de l'axe, la partie gauche au-dessus du tronçon central cylindrique et la partie droite au-dessous de ce tronçon présentent, à chaque niveau le long de l'axe, une forme de demi-éllipse dont le petit axe est choisi pour que la section livre tout juste passage au papillon lors de l'ouverture de ce dernier. La surépaisseur à enlever dans les zones usinées (représentée par des surfaces tramées sur la figure 2) est indiquée en traits mixtes sur la figure 5. Le logiciel donnant, avec un pas qui peut être très faible (de l'ordre du dizième de millimètre) les rayons des arcs de cercles successifs depuis z0 jusqu'à zm, l'usinage peut s'effectuer de façon très simple, en modifiant le rayon d'usinage chaque fois que l'outil passe d'un niveau au suivant. Le pas étant très faible, on obtient ainsi finalement une surface en escalier qui est assimilable à une surface continue. Dans la zone centrale cylindrique, c'est la totalité de la périphérie qui est usinée.The housing is metallic (aluminum for example) and can be produced by pressure molding of a blank of the kind shown in FIG. 5, then machining on a machining center. The blank shown in Figure 5 is achievable without difficulty, with a core in two parts introduced on either side, along the axis. At each level along the axis, the left part above the central cylindrical section and the right part below this section present, at each level along the axis, a form of half-ellipse whose small axis is chosen so that the section just delivers passage to the butterfly when the latter opens. The extra thickness to be removed in the machined areas (represented by screened areas in Figure 2) is indicated in dashed lines in Figure 5. The software giving, with a step which can be very small (of the order of a tenth of a millimeter ) the radii of the arcs of successive circles from z0 to zm, the machining can be carried out in a very simple way, by modifying the machining radius each time the tool passes from one level to the next. Since the pitch is very small, a staircase surface is thus obtained which is comparable to a continuous surface. In the zone cylindrical central unit, the entire periphery is machined.
Dans la pratique, l'angle α (figure 2) d'ouverture pour lequel le papillon reste dans une zone usinée sera compris entre 35 et 50°.In practice, the opening angle α (Figure 2) for which the butterfly remains in a machined area will be between 35 and 50 °.
Le papillon peut ensuite être mis en place de façon classique. L'arbre de papillon peut être inséré, sa fente étant orientée dans la direction correspondant à l'ouverture complète du papillon. Puis le papillon 12 est glissé le long de l'axe. L'arbre est tourné de façon à amener le papillon dans la position d'ouverture minimale. Les moyens de fixation tels que des vis, sont mis en place.The butterfly can then be placed in a conventional manner. The butterfly shaft can be inserted, its slot being oriented in the direction corresponding to the complete opening of the butterfly. Then the
Dans le mode de réalisation décrit jusqu'ici, le papillon a des dimensions lui interdisant d'arriver à une orientation où il est perpendiculaire à l'axe 16 : sa position de butée contre la paroi du conduit d'admission 18 fait un angle de quelques degrés avec le plan orthogonal à l'axe 16. Dans ce cas, le tronçon 26 peut se limiter à une ligne circulaire.In the embodiment described so far, the butterfly has dimensions preventing it from arriving at an orientation where it is perpendicular to the axis 16: its position of abutment against the wall of the
Dans un mode encore de réalisation, le papillon est cambré, c'est-à-dire que ses deux ailes forment un angle obtus l'une par rapport à l'autre. L'une des ailes est prévue pour venir s'appuyer contre la paroi du conduit d'admission en faisant un angle de quelques degrés avec le plan orthogonal à l'axe, alors que l'autre aile est alors orthogonale à l'axe. Dans ce cas, le tronçon 26 est dissymétrique par rapport au plan contenant l'axe de l'arbre de papillon.In yet another embodiment, the butterfly is arched, that is to say that its two wings form an obtuse angle with respect to each other. One of the wings is designed to bear against the wall of the intake duct at an angle of a few degrees with the plane orthogonal to the axis, while the other wing is then orthogonal to the axis. In this case, the
L'invention serait également utilisable dans le cas d'un papillon pouvant tourner de 180° autour de son axe, ce qui est une solution quelquefois retenue pour des corps de papillon dont le papillon n'est pas commandé directement par le conducteur, mais par un moteur tenant compte de divers paramètres de fonctionnement et notamment de la position de la pédale d'accélérateur.The invention would also be usable in the case of a butterfly which can rotate 180 ° around its axis, which is a solution sometimes adopted for butterfly bodies whose butterfly is not controlled directly by the driver, but by an engine taking into account various operating parameters and in particular the position of the accelerator pedal.
Le moulage des matières plastiques pouvant s'effectuer avec beaucoup plus de précision que celui des métaux, un corps du genre décrit plus haut peut être avantageusement réalisé en plastique par moulage direct d'un noyau. Dans ce cas c'est la forme extérieure du noyau qui est réalisée par usinage pour avoir la forme définie plus haut.Plastic molding can be done with much more precision than that of metals, a body of the kind described above can advantageously be made of plastic by direct molding of a core. In this case it is the external shape of the core which is produced by machining to have the shape defined above.
Claims (6)
- Butterfly valve assembly for a fuel injection apparatus of an internal combustion engine, comprising a body (10) formed with an admission passage (18) and a butterfly valve member having a circular or slightly elliptical disk shape, carried by a central rotation shaft (14) that extends transversally to the passage and is movable between a minimum opening position, possibly equal to zero, and a maximum opening position in which the butterly valve member lies substantially parallel to the axis (16) of the passage, the passage having a wall which has a complex shape for the cross sectional air flow area to increase at the beginning of the opening movement, responsive to the opening angle of the butterfly valve member, much less steeply than in a cylindrical passage,
characterized in that the passage has a cylindrical length (26) whose cross-section corresponds to the shape of the butterfly valve member in the minimum opening position of the latter, extending upstream and downstream from said minimum opening position and has, upstream and downstream of the cylindrical length and along the path followed by the upstream and downstream edges of the butterfly valve member, up to a predetermined opening angle of the latter, respective zones which are defined by arcs of a circle centered on the axis of the admission passage and having radii which decrease starting from the cylindrical length. - Butterfly valve assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical length has a circular cross-section.
- Butterfly valve assembly according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the cylindrical length (26) has an extent along the axis of the duct which is such that, for a same pressure differential between the upstream and the downstream sides of the valve member, the flow rate when the upstream and downstream edges of the valve member have just moved beyond said cylindrical length is between 160 and 180 % of the air flow rate corresponding to the minimum degree of opening of the valve member.
- Butterfly valve assembly according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the cylindrical length (26) is symetrical with respect to the axis of the butterfly valve member.
- Butterfly valve assembly according to claim 1,2 or 3, characterized in that the cylindrical length is dissymetrical with respect to the axis of the valve member.
- A method of manufacturing a body for a butterfly valve assembly according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized by the steps of: molding a blank having an inside passage presenting a generally cylindrical length, and respective zones upstream and downstream of the length, each zone having a cross-section of rotational symetry on that side of a mid-plane toward which the edge of the butterfly valve member does not move during opening from the minimum opening position and having, on the opposite side, a zone whose projection toward the axis of the passage increases from the plane containing the axis of the butterfly valve member and the axis of the admission passage to a plane which is orthogonal thereto and contains the axis of the butterfly valve member; and machining said zones as arcs of circles centered on the axis of the passage and having radii that decrease from said cylindrical length up to the limit position of the butterfly valve member for said predetermined maximum opening angle.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR9210198 | 1992-08-21 | ||
| FR9210198A FR2694963B1 (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1992-08-21 | Butterfly body with evolutionary intake duct and method of manufacturing such a body. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0589733A1 EP0589733A1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
| EP0589733B1 true EP0589733B1 (en) | 1995-10-18 |
Family
ID=9432967
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP93402075A Expired - Lifetime EP0589733B1 (en) | 1992-08-21 | 1993-08-19 | Progressively shaped throttle valve body and manufacturing method thereof |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5374031A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0589733B1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9303441A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69300671T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2089756T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2694963B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2365200A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-14 | Pierburg GmbH | Flap valve |
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| DE4240127C2 (en) * | 1992-11-28 | 1997-04-24 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Throttle device for an internal combustion engine and method for producing metering walls in the throttle device |
| DE4329522A1 (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1995-03-09 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Throttle device |
| DE19615438A1 (en) * | 1995-07-17 | 1997-01-23 | Mann & Hummel Filter | Valve with rotary flaps and stationary elements |
| JP3192355B2 (en) * | 1995-09-20 | 2001-07-23 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Intake control device for internal combustion engine |
| FR2741392B1 (en) * | 1995-11-22 | 1998-01-30 | Magneti Marelli France | CONDUCT THROTTLE BODY WITH EVOLUTIVE SHAPE ON ONE SIDE OF ITS AXIS AND EVOLUTIVE SHAPE THROTTLE BODY ON THE COMPLEMENTARY SIDE |
| EP0869266A4 (en) * | 1995-12-19 | 2000-06-21 | Hitachi Ltd | Throttle valve control device for an internal combustion engine |
| DE19728564A1 (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-28 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Throttle body |
| FR2762374B1 (en) * | 1997-04-18 | 1999-06-04 | Coutier Moulage Gen Ind | BUTTERFLY VALVE FOR REGULATING THE FLOW OF A FLUID AND ITS MANUFACTURING METHODS |
| US6006722A (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-28 | General Motors Corporation | Fine resolution air control valve |
| DE19854595A1 (en) * | 1998-11-26 | 2000-06-08 | Mannesmann Vdo Ag | Throttle valve neck |
| DE19928473A1 (en) * | 1999-06-22 | 2000-12-28 | Pierburg Ag | Throttle body for internal combustion engines |
| EP1230473A1 (en) * | 1999-11-18 | 2002-08-14 | Siemens VDO Automotive Corporation | Electronically controlled throttle valve with elliptical bore and throttle valve |
| DE10044294A1 (en) * | 2000-09-07 | 2002-05-16 | Siemens Ag | throttle body |
| US6454242B1 (en) * | 2001-02-15 | 2002-09-24 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Modified flow throttle bore |
| DE10140394A1 (en) * | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-06 | Siemens Ag | Throttle body for an internal combustion engine |
| DE10140409A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 | 2003-03-13 | Siemens Ag | Method for producing a housing or an insert part for a housing of a throttle valve assembly and throttle valve assembly |
| DE10142452A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-03-20 | Siemens Ag | Forming throttle butterfly valve and housing for vehicle by injection molding or die casting, molds housing and butterfly flap in single piece |
| ITTO20010947A1 (en) * | 2001-10-05 | 2003-04-05 | Dayco Europe Srl | FLOW CONTROL DEVICE FOR FLUIDS. |
| FR2833061B1 (en) * | 2001-12-05 | 2006-10-06 | Mark Iv Systemes Moteurs Sa | DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING THE FLOW IN A CONDUIT PORTION OR THE LIKE |
| JP3872743B2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2007-01-24 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Throttle valve opening / closing device |
| JP2004204784A (en) * | 2002-12-25 | 2004-07-22 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | Throttle valve device |
| JP4285267B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2009-06-24 | 株式会社デンソー | Exhaust gas recirculation device |
| US7770867B2 (en) * | 2004-11-22 | 2010-08-10 | Dezurik, Inc. | Plug valve with flow area equal to or greater than the flow area of the connected piping |
| US7264221B2 (en) * | 2005-09-19 | 2007-09-04 | Yeary & Associates, Inc. | Butterfly valve assembly with improved flow characteristics |
| JP4661668B2 (en) * | 2006-04-12 | 2011-03-30 | 株式会社デンソー | Valve open / close control device |
| US7264224B1 (en) | 2006-12-19 | 2007-09-04 | Victaulic Company | Valve with offset venturi |
| US20110073789A1 (en) * | 2009-09-28 | 2011-03-31 | Yeary & Associates, Inc. | Butterfly Valve Flow Control Device |
| US9163565B2 (en) * | 2010-05-19 | 2015-10-20 | Tenneco Gmbh | Valve flap device |
| US8342206B2 (en) | 2010-08-17 | 2013-01-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Dual butterfly control valve and method of use |
| US9303567B2 (en) * | 2011-06-20 | 2016-04-05 | Dean Dickinson | Throttle body with offset axis drum valve |
| DE102011107608B3 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2012-11-15 | Pierburg Gmbh | Method for gapless assembly spraying two components and flap device for an internal combustion engine |
| JP5867322B2 (en) * | 2012-07-04 | 2016-02-24 | アイシン精機株式会社 | Airflow control device |
| CN105102784B (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-09-12 | 博格华纳公司 | Compact rotary waste gate valve |
| CN106194444B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2023-05-16 | 重庆隆鑫机车有限公司 | Engine throttle valve body, throttle valve and engine |
| JP2019085902A (en) * | 2017-11-02 | 2019-06-06 | 株式会社ニッキ | Electric air quantity adjusting device |
| US11143124B2 (en) | 2020-02-20 | 2021-10-12 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Systems and methods for exhaust gas recirculation valve calibration |
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| US4474150A (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-10-02 | General Motors Corporation | Valve assembly |
| US4905647A (en) * | 1988-06-20 | 1990-03-06 | Chrysler Motors Corporation | Throttle body |
| FR2650360B1 (en) * | 1989-07-28 | 1991-11-29 | Peugeot | BUTTERFLY VALVE |
| EP0433518A1 (en) * | 1989-12-21 | 1991-06-26 | Mecaplast Sam | Improvement in devices to control fluid flow |
| FR2663710B1 (en) * | 1990-06-22 | 1992-10-16 | Solex | BUTTERFLY BODY WITH PROGRESSIVE OPENING. |
| GB2245931A (en) * | 1990-07-10 | 1992-01-15 | Rover Group | I.c. engine air intake throttle body |
-
1992
- 1992-08-21 FR FR9210198A patent/FR2694963B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-08-19 ES ES93402075T patent/ES2089756T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-19 DE DE69300671T patent/DE69300671T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-08-19 EP EP93402075A patent/EP0589733B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-08-20 BR BR9303441A patent/BR9303441A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1994
- 1994-03-22 US US08/219,414 patent/US5374031A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2365200A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-14 | Pierburg GmbH | Flap valve |
| DE102010010533A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-10-06 | Pierburg Gmbh | flap valve |
| DE102010010533B4 (en) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-10-10 | Pierburg Gmbh | flap valve |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP0589733A1 (en) | 1994-03-30 |
| DE69300671T2 (en) | 1996-03-21 |
| ES2089756T3 (en) | 1996-10-01 |
| BR9303441A (en) | 1994-03-15 |
| US5374031A (en) | 1994-12-20 |
| DE69300671D1 (en) | 1995-11-23 |
| FR2694963A1 (en) | 1994-02-25 |
| FR2694963B1 (en) | 1994-10-21 |
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