EP0581403B1 - Method and apparatus for economical thermal transfer printing - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for economical thermal transfer printing Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0581403B1
EP0581403B1 EP93250218A EP93250218A EP0581403B1 EP 0581403 B1 EP0581403 B1 EP 0581403B1 EP 93250218 A EP93250218 A EP 93250218A EP 93250218 A EP93250218 A EP 93250218A EP 0581403 B1 EP0581403 B1 EP 0581403B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
ribbon
colour ribbon
colour
printing
print
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EP93250218A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0581403A2 (en
EP0581403A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Thiel
Stephan Günther
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Francotyp Postalia GmbH
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Francotyp Postalia GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J33/00Apparatus or arrangements for feeding ink ribbons or like character-size impression-transfer material
    • B41J33/14Ribbon-feed devices or mechanisms
    • B41J33/36Ribbon-feed devices or mechanisms with means for adjusting feeding rate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41JTYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/315Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
    • B41J2/32Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
    • B41J2/35Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads providing current or voltage to the thermal head
    • B41J2/355Control circuits for heating-element selection
    • B41J2/36Print density control
    • B41J2/365Print density control by compensation for variation in temperature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an economical termotransfer printing method of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and an associated arrangement for carrying out the method according to the features of claim 16.
  • the ETR printing process is generally known as a fast thermal transfer printing process which is used in areas where, in addition to high speed requirements, high print quality and a water-resistant print on a wide variety of materials is required.
  • An ETR printer operated according to this method can be used, for example, in a franking machine to frank mail.
  • the ETR printhead acts on the recording medium, preferably paper, via a resistance ink ribbon that is moved with the recording medium.
  • the resistive ribbon has an upper resistive layer in contact with the ETR printhead, a middle current return layer and a lower colored layer in contact with the recording medium.
  • the ETR printhead contains a multiplicity of electrodes which are arranged insulated from one another, each of which can produce a pixel of the printed image.
  • the energy supplied via these electrodes is converted into current heat in the area of the resistance layer assigned to each pixel, which leads to the melting of the color of the color layer located in the area.
  • Such an ETR printer with back electrodes is known from EP 0 301 891 A1.
  • the energy to be supplied depends on the resistance of each current path assigned to a pixel, on the melting temperature of the color, the intended contrast of the printed image and on the speed of the moving resistance ribbon and increases non-linearly with the roughness of the paper surface.
  • a key disadvantage of this ETR printing process is the high consumption costs that arise from the ribbon. Due to the technically demanding structure of the ink ribbon (it typically consists of a resistance layer, a conductive aluminum layer, the ink layer and a release layer), the consumption costs incurred by the ETR ink ribbon are significantly higher (approx. Factor 3 to 4) than that of comparable thermal transfer printing (TCR).
  • TCR thermal transfer printing
  • a solution for a TCR printing process is already known from DE 31 45 221 C2, with which an attempt is made to implement a technically justifiable solution with reasonable effort.
  • a reduction in consumption costs is achieved with this printing technology in that a predetermined relative speed is always maintained between the ink ribbon and the recording medium.
  • the invention has for its object to develop an economical term transfer printing method and an arrangement for performing the method, which has a technical control for column printing by any term transfer printing unit, which causes only low operating costs, with good print quality.
  • the invention is based on the fact that only typical parts of the record carrier to be printed are actually printed in typical printing applications. So z. B. in franking the postmark on the one hand separated from the stamp imprint for the postage amount and on the other hand from the advertising slogan stamp each by a distance. In a large part of the total time sequence, the transport of the record carrier to be printed takes place alone.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that the value of the resistance ink ribbon increases proportionately with increasing saving factor S. For these pure transport times mentioned above, or also for longer interruptions in the printed image, it is therefore sensible to stop the ribbon transport in order to use as little ribbon as possible.
  • the invention is further based on the consideration that this unused tape length p should not be neglected in terms of the total consumption costs.
  • the resistance ribbon is retracted after each stop in order to be able to use this unused ribbon length. This has a significant impact on the reduction in consumption costs, particularly in the case of frequent stopping and starting processes, when this unused strip length p is saved.
  • the block diagram shown in FIG. 2 of an arrangement for carrying out an economical printing process essentially has an ink ribbon 1 which can be controlled in the transport direction and speed, a first measuring means 2 connected to at least one drive shaft 3 and / or 3 ', a control unit 4, an ETR printing unit 5 and a transport device 14 for the recording medium 8 to be printed.
  • a drive 11 in particular a motor M bv coupled to a ribbon roll 13, for the forward movement and a drive 10, in particular a motor M br coupled to a ribbon roll 12, for the backward movement the ribbon 1 provided.
  • the measuring means 2 consists of a slotted disk 2.1 arranged on a drive shaft 3 or 3 ', a reflex light barrier 2.2 and evaluation electronics 2.3.
  • This evaluation electronics forms the encoder signal, from which both the energization signal, a direction signal, as well as a time measurement signal.
  • a second measuring means 7 connected to the control unit is used for edge detection of the recording medium 8 by optical or mechanical measuring methods. If an edge of the record carrier appears, the machine is started and the system is initialized in the control unit 4.
  • a single motor M b with a gear for both drive shafts 3, 3 ′ of the resistance ribbon rolls 12 and 13 is provided for the drives 10, 11.
  • an encoder with two phase-shifted signal outputs is provided for reliable detection of the running direction of a motor M b for driving the resistance ink ribbon.
  • the duration of a single-phase encoder signal is evaluated by software.
  • An extended pulse duration or pause is a characteristic of the stop followed by a reversal of direction.
  • the return in the control unit 4 can be evaluated in software with regard to a second limit value z by counting clock signals, in particular the encoder signals during the forward and / or backward movement of the ink ribbon 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a program flow chart for a variant with a single motor M b with a gear as a drive for both drive shafts 3, 3 'of the ribbon rolls 12 and 13.
  • the system After the start, the system is initialized. If there is a pressure request, the motors M a , and M b or the drives 9, 10 or 11 for the transport of the recording medium 8 and for the transport of the ink ribbon 1 are put into operation.
  • this solution can be implemented with the aid of a further reflective light barrier, not shown in FIG. 2, since used areas of the ribbon are caused by the appearance of the middle current return layer, in particular an aluminum -Layer, in contrast to the normal color layer, strongly reflect. Due to the mechanical arrangement of the light barrier In front of or behind the print head and with the help of the control unit 4, differences in the start and stop behavior of the ribbon transport can be compensated.
  • the first position of the used ribbon is recognized during the reverse run on the basis of resistance measurement. In any case, make sure that no used ETR resistance ribbon is used again.
  • the reverse tape transport motor is stopped and then immediately forward, i.e. with a direction of rotation, as when transporting the recording medium, is operated as soon as the print request is available again.
  • the ramp-down time t r is determined from the number of encoder signals. If there is a ramp-down time or number of encoder signals less than a second limit value z, the print request is expected in order to stop the tape transport motor again and to reverse the direction of rotation.
  • the tape transport motor is stopped and a check is carried out to determine whether the end of printing has been reached. At the end of a print also the motor 9 stopped for the transport of the recording medium.
  • an ETR printer For the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, an exemplary embodiment for an ETR printer is explained below.
  • an ETR printer includes an electronic head control 4.1, an ETR print head with a plurality of electrodes and a current collecting electrode 6, which are connected to a power supply.
  • the pressure energy is in each associated with each electrode Current path fed, whereby a uniform print quality must be ensured.
  • the control unit 4 which is equipped with a microprocessor, forwards the energy to an ETR print head of the ETR print unit 5, with the relevant print information being loaded into a switching unit 4.1 of the control unit 4 at the correspondingly correct time t 1 , which outputs in the activated state t 2 ensures that the pixels to be printed are energized for a defined time, so that the heat required for the printing process is generated in the controlled, briefly contacted areas of the resistance layer of the resistance ink ribbon 1.
  • the print request is made at time t 4 , the new print data is provided by the microprocessor control unit 4, or there is a print interruption time t u to be evaluated.
  • a first limit value y is monitored by the control unit 4 in software. If no pressure request was given at time t 4 , no energization pulse is derived from the encoder signal appearing at time t s , but the return during pressure interruption time t u is evaluated with regard to a second limit value z, for example by counting the encoder signals.
  • the energizing pulse t j is derived from the encoder signal with a time delay.
  • the required pulse level is provided by the controlled energy source, which applies a current I s or a voltage U s to the electrodes temporarily connected to it via the switching unit 4.1, the level of which indicates such a dependence on the temporarily different number n driven electrodes has that a larger number of electrodes are supplied with a higher current or with a higher voltage than a smaller number.
  • the ETR printer is used for a franking machine, its memory and microprocessor control unit can also be used for control purposes.
  • a franking machine consists of a storage means and a receiving means connected thereto for data that can be transmitted via a transmission means, an input means, a control module and the ETR printer.
  • the pressure request signal, the switching signal for the transport motor, for the belt motor, the print interruption signal and the encoder signal are shown in the time diagrams of the resistance ribbon control shown in FIG.
  • the measuring means 2 supplies the encoder signals.
  • the print data for a first print column are now output.
  • the pressure interruption time t u is determined in the control unit 4. If t u is less than a first limit value y and if there is still a print request yes, print data are again output for a next print column. Otherwise the tape will stop and run backwards, as in the Figure 4 marked at the second and third pressure interruption 2.U and 3.U and is clearly recognizable from the band signal.
  • Figure 5 shows waveforms for forming the energization signal.
  • the energization signal with the time period t j becomes the encoder signal with a time delay derived and is in relation to the start of the signals for tape transport and transport of the record carrier.
  • the energization signal is synchronized with the signal for the transport motor of the record carrier, with a clock signal and with a print data output signal, which results in the time delay.
  • the embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types.

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  • Impression-Transfer Materials And Handling Thereof (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein sparsames Termotransferdruckverfahren der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Art und eine zugehörige Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 16.The invention relates to an economical termotransfer printing method of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1 and an associated arrangement for carrying out the method according to the features of claim 16.

Das ETR-Druckverfahren ist allgemein als schnelles Thermotransferdruckverfahren bekannt, das in Bereichen Anwendung findet, wo neben hoher Geschwindigkeitsanforderung auch eine hohe Druckqualität und ein wasserresistenter Abdruck auf unterschiedlichsten Materialien gefordert wird. Ein nach diesem Verfahren betriebener ETR-Drucker kann beispielsweise in einer Frankiermaschine zum Frankieren von Postgut eingesetzt werden.The ETR printing process is generally known as a fast thermal transfer printing process which is used in areas where, in addition to high speed requirements, high print quality and a water-resistant print on a wide variety of materials is required. An ETR printer operated according to this method can be used, for example, in a franking machine to frank mail.

Der ETR-Druckkopf wirkt über ein mit dem Aufzeichnungsträger mitbewegten Widerstandsfarbband auf den Aufzeichnungsträger, vorzugsweise Papier. Das Widerstandsfarbband weist eine obere mit dem ETR-Druckkopf in Kontakt stehende Widerstandsschicht, eine mittlere Stromrückleitschicht und eine untere mit dem Aufzeichnungsträger in Berührung stehende Farbschicht auf.The ETR printhead acts on the recording medium, preferably paper, via a resistance ink ribbon that is moved with the recording medium. The resistive ribbon has an upper resistive layer in contact with the ETR printhead, a middle current return layer and a lower colored layer in contact with the recording medium.

Der ETR-Druckkopf enthält eine Vielzahl von zueinander isoliert angeordneten Elektroden, wovon jede einen Pixel des Druckbildes erzeugen kann. Die über diese Elektroden zugeführte Energie wird in dem einem jeden Pixel zugeordneten Bereich der Widerstandsschicht in Stromwärme umgesetzt, die zum Aufschmelzen der im Bereich liegenden Farbe der Farbschicht führt.The ETR printhead contains a multiplicity of electrodes which are arranged insulated from one another, each of which can produce a pixel of the printed image. The energy supplied via these electrodes is converted into current heat in the area of the resistance layer assigned to each pixel, which leads to the melting of the color of the color layer located in the area.

Aus der EP 0 301 891 A1 ist ein solcher ETR-Drucker mit Rückelektroden bekannt. Die zuzuführende Energie ist vom Widerstand eines jeden einem Pixel zugeordneten Strompfad, von der Schmelztemperatur der Farbe, dem beabsichtigten Kontrast des Druckbildes sowie von der Geschwindigkeit des bewegten Widerstandsfarbbandes abhängig und steigt nichtlinear mit der Rauhigkeit der Papieroberfläche an.Such an ETR printer with back electrodes is known from EP 0 301 891 A1. The energy to be supplied depends on the resistance of each current path assigned to a pixel, on the melting temperature of the color, the intended contrast of the printed image and on the speed of the moving resistance ribbon and increases non-linearly with the roughness of the paper surface.

Ein entscheidender Nachteil dieses ETR-Druckverfahrens sind die durch das Farbband entstehenden hohen Verbrauchskosten. Bedingt durch den technisch anspruchsvollen Aufbau des Farbbandes (es besteht typischerweise aus einer Widerstandsschicht, einer leitenden Aluminiumschicht, der Farbschicht und einer Release-Schicht) sind die durch das ETR-Farbband anfallenden Verbrauchskosten wesentlich höher (ca. Faktor 3 bis 4) als die des vergleichbaren Thermotransferdruckverfahrens (TCR).A key disadvantage of this ETR printing process is the high consumption costs that arise from the ribbon. Due to the technically demanding structure of the ink ribbon (it typically consists of a resistance layer, a conductive aluminum layer, the ink layer and a release layer), the consumption costs incurred by the ETR ink ribbon are significantly higher (approx. Factor 3 to 4) than that of comparable thermal transfer printing (TCR).

Nun ist bereits aus der DE 31 45 221 C2 eine Lösung für ein TCR-Druckverfahren bekannt, mit denen versucht wird, eine technisch vertretbare Lösung bei einem vernünftigen Aufwand zu realisieren. Eine Verbrauchskostenreduzierung wird bei dieser Drucktechnologie dadurch erzielt, daß stets eine vorbestimmte Relativgeschwindigkeit zwischen dem Farbband und dem Aufzeichnungsträger aufrecht erhalten wird. Dieses sogenannte Saving-Prinzip bedeutet, daß das Farbband (typisch ist der Saving-Faktor S = 1 bis 4) langsamer bewegt wird, als das zu bedruckende Material. Auch wenn damit die Verbrauchskosten beim TCR-Druckverfahren reduziert werden, fallen die verbleibenden Verbrauchskosten, insbesondere bei Anwendungen mit höheren Druckgeschwindigkeiten mehr und mehr ins Gewicht. So ist es besonders für ETR-Druckverfahren wünschenswert diese Kosten weiter zu minimieren, und dies ohne Einbußen an Druckqualität.A solution for a TCR printing process is already known from DE 31 45 221 C2, with which an attempt is made to implement a technically justifiable solution with reasonable effort. A reduction in consumption costs is achieved with this printing technology in that a predetermined relative speed is always maintained between the ink ribbon and the recording medium. This so-called saving principle means that the ink ribbon (the saving factor S = 1 to 4 is typical) is moved more slowly than the material to be printed. Even if this reduces the consumption costs for the TCR printing process, the remaining consumption costs are becoming more and more important, especially for applications with higher printing speeds. It is particularly desirable for ETR printing processes to further minimize these costs, and this without sacrificing print quality.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein sparsames Termotransferdruckverfahren und eine Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zu entwickeln, welches eine technische Ansteuerungsart für einen spaltenweisen Druck durch eine beliebige Termotransferdruckeinheit aufweist, die nur geringe Betriebskosten verursacht, bei gleichzeitig guter Druckqualität.The invention has for its object to develop an economical term transfer printing method and an arrangement for performing the method, which has a technical control for column printing by any term transfer printing unit, which causes only low operating costs, with good print quality.

Die Aufgabe wird mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 und des Anspruchs 16 gelöst.The object is achieved with the characterizing features of claim 1 and claim 16.

Die Erfindung geht davon aus, daß bei typischen Druckanwendungen jeweils nur Teile des zu bedruckenden Aufzeichnungsträgers tatsächlich bedruckt werden. So ist z. B. bei Frankierungen der Poststempel einerseits vom Stempelabdruck für den Portobetrag und andererseits vom Werbeklischeestempelabdruck jeweils durch einen Abstand getrennt. In einem großen Teil des Gesamtzeitablaufs erfolgt also allein der Transport des zu bedruckenden Aufzeichnungsträgers.The invention is based on the fact that only typical parts of the record carrier to be printed are actually printed in typical printing applications. So z. B. in franking the postmark on the one hand separated from the stamp imprint for the postage amount and on the other hand from the advertising slogan stamp each by a distance. In a large part of the total time sequence, the transport of the record carrier to be printed takes place alone.

Die Erfindung basiert auf der Überlegung, daß der Wert des Widerstandsfarbbandes mit steigendem Saving-Faktor S entsprechend proportional zunimmt. Für diese oben genannten reinen Transportzeiten, oder auch für längere Unterbrechungen des Druckbildes ist es damit sinnvoll, den Farbbandtransport zu stoppen, um möglichst wenig Band zu verbrauchen.The invention is based on the consideration that the value of the resistance ink ribbon increases proportionately with increasing saving factor S. For these pure transport times mentioned above, or also for longer interruptions in the printed image, it is therefore sensible to stop the ribbon transport in order to use as little ribbon as possible.

Es wurde nun in den bisherigen mechanisch ausgereiften Lösungen für den Bandantrieb und Transport ermittelt, daß die Verzögerungszeiten für das Bandstoppen und für das Wiederanfahren bis zur Sollgeschwindigkeit einer Bandlänge p entsprechen.It has now been determined in the previous mechanically mature solutions for the belt drive and transport that the delay times for the belt stop and for the restart up to the desired speed correspond to a belt length p.

Die Erfindung basiert weiterhin auf der Überlegung, daß diese unbenutzte Bandlänge p im Hinblick auf die Gesamtverbrauchskosten nicht zu vernachlässigen ist. Das Widerstandsfarbband wird erfindungsgemäß nach jedem Stopp zurückgefahren, um diese unbenutzte Bandlänge nutzen zu können. Das wirkt sich, insbesondere bei häufigen Stopp- und Startvorgängen, wenn diese unbenutzte Bandlänge p eingespart wird, erheblich auf die Senkung der Verbrauchskosten aus.The invention is further based on the consideration that this unused tape length p should not be neglected in terms of the total consumption costs. According to the invention, the resistance ribbon is retracted after each stop in order to be able to use this unused ribbon length. This has a significant impact on the reduction in consumption costs, particularly in the case of frequent stopping and starting processes, when this unused strip length p is saved.

Das hat den Vorteil, daß ein ETR-Widerstandsfarbband gleicher Länge im Multisaving-Betrieb um den Faktor m wertvoller ist, als im einfachen Saving-Betrieb. Die Verbrauchskosten des ETR-Druckverfahrens können damit nunmehr soweit reduziert werden, daß die Verbrauchskosten beim TCR-Verfahren mit einfachen Saving-Betrieb erreicht und unterschritten werden.This has the advantage that an ETR resistance ribbon of the same length is more valuable by a factor of m in multisaving mode than in simple saving mode. The consumption costs of the ETR printing process can thus now be reduced to such an extent that the consumption costs of the TCR process with simple saving operation are reached and fallen below.

Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet bzw. werden nachstehend zusammen mit der Beschreibung der bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung anhand der Figuren näher dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Figur 1a,
Darstellung des Saving-Verfahrens
Figur 1b,
Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Multisaving-Verfahrens
Figur 2,
Blockschaltbild einer erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
Figur 3,
Programmablaufplan
Figur 4,
Zeitdiagramme der Steuerung
Figur 5,
Signalverläufe zum Bestromungssignal
Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims or are shown below together with the description of the preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the figures. Show it:
Figure 1a,
Representation of the saving procedure
Figure 1b,
Representation of the multisaving method according to the invention
Figure 2,
Block diagram of an arrangement according to the invention for performing the method
Figure 3,
Program flow chart
Figure 4,
Control timing diagrams
Figure 5,
Waveforms to the energization signal

In der - in der Figur 1a gezeigten - Darstellung existiert beim bekannten Verfahren eine Proportionalität der Bandlängen zu den Weglängen beim Transport eines Aufzeichnungsträgers 8. Dabei ist b die zurückgelegte Weglänge des Aufzeichnungsträgers während der Bestromungszeitdauer tj, die sich aus der Multiplikation des Saving-Faktors S mit der zurückgelegten Bandlänge während der Bestromungszeitdauer tj ergibt: b = S * c

Figure imgb0001
In the representation - shown in FIG. 1a - there is a proportionality of the tape lengths to the path lengths when transporting a record carrier 8 in the known method. Here b is the distance traveled by the record carrier during the energization time period t j , which results from the multiplication of the saving factor S with the band length covered during the energization period t j results in: b = S * c
Figure imgb0001

Nach der Bestromungszeitdauer tj erfolgt eine Pausenzeit, in der der Aufzeichnungsträger den Weg x und das Band den Weg p zurücklegt. Auch für die Summe aller Weglängen gilt diese Proportionalität für das Saving-Verfahren nach dem Stand der Technik: (Σx + Σb) = S * (Σc + Σp)

Figure imgb0002
After the energization period t j there is a pause in which the recording medium travels the path x and the tape the path p. This proportionality also applies to the sum of all path lengths for the state of the art saving method: (Σx + Σb) = S * (Σc + Σp)
Figure imgb0002

Der Weg Σp des Bandes bleibt jedoch für einen Druck ungenutzt.However, the path Σp of the tape remains unused for printing.

In der - in der Figur 1b gezeigten - Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Multisaving-Verfahrens wird für die Bestromung und für den Stopp bzw. für die Zurück-und Vorwärts-Bewegung des Widerstandsfarbbandes 1 zwar eine Bandlänge c1 zurückgelegt, die etwas größer als die Bandlänge c ist. Für die Bandlänge c1 und der zugehörigen Weglänge b1 beim Transport eines Aufzeichnungsträgers 8 gibt es auch einen Saving-Faktor S1 für die Zeitdauer tj +

Figure imgb0003
t. Dieser wird für die Zeitdauer danach sehr groß, denn gegenüber der zurückgelegten Weglänge x1 des Aufzeichnungsträgers 8 geht nach Ablauf der Zeitdauer tj +
Figure imgb0003
t kaum noch eine entsprechende ungenutzte Bandlänge p1 verloren, im Idealfall gilt angenähert p1 ≈ 0. Der neue Multi-Saving-Faktor ergibt sich dann aus der Multiplikation des Saving-Faktors S1 mit dem Faktor m: S 1 * m = (Σb 1 /Σc 1 )*(1 + Σx 1 /Σb 1 ) , mit m > 1
Figure imgb0005
In the illustration of the multisaving method according to the invention, shown in FIG. 1b, for the Current supply and for the stop or for the back and forth movement of the resistance ribbon 1 a ribbon length c 1 is covered, which is somewhat larger than the ribbon length c. For the tape length c 1 and the associated path length b 1 when transporting a recording medium 8, there is also a saving factor S 1 for the time period t j +
Figure imgb0003
t. This becomes very large for the time period thereafter, because compared to the path length x 1 covered by the record carrier 8, after the time period t j + has elapsed
Figure imgb0003
t hardly any corresponding unused tape length p 1 is lost, in the ideal case approximately p 1 ≈ 0. The new multi-saving factor then results from the multiplication of the saving factor S 1 by the factor m: S 1 * m = (Σb 1 / Σc 1 ) * (1 + Σx 1 / Σb 1 ), with m> 1
Figure imgb0005

Das in der Figur 2 gezeigte Blockschaltbild einer Anordnung für die Durchführung eines sparsamen Druckverfahrens, weist im wesentlichen ein in der Transportrichtung und -geschwindigkeit steuerbares Farbband 1, ein mit mindestens einer Antriebswelle 3 und/oder 3' in Verbindung stehendes erstes Meßmittel 2, eine Steuereinheit 4, eine ETR-Druckeinheit 5 und eine Transportvorrichtung 14 für den zu bedruckenden Aufzeichnungsträger 8 auf.The block diagram shown in FIG. 2 of an arrangement for carrying out an economical printing process essentially has an ink ribbon 1 which can be controlled in the transport direction and speed, a first measuring means 2 connected to at least one drive shaft 3 and / or 3 ', a control unit 4, an ETR printing unit 5 and a transport device 14 for the recording medium 8 to be printed.

In der bevorzugten in der Figur 2 gezeigten - Variante, ist jeweils ein Antrieb 11, insbesondere ein mit einer Farbbandrolle 13 gekoppelter Motor Mbv, für die Vorwärtsbewegung und ein Antrieb 10, insbesondere ein mit einer Farbbandrolle 12 gekoppelter Motor Mbr, für die Rückwärtsbewegung des Farbbandes 1 vorgesehen.In the preferred variant shown in FIG. 2, there is in each case a drive 11, in particular a motor M bv coupled to a ribbon roll 13, for the forward movement and a drive 10, in particular a motor M br coupled to a ribbon roll 12, for the backward movement the ribbon 1 provided.

Das Meßmittel 2 besteht aus einer auf einer Antriebswelle 3 oder 3' angeordneten Schlitzscheibe 2.1, einer Reflex-Lichtschranke 2.2 und einer Auswerteelektronik 2.3. Diese Auswerteelektronik bildet das Encodersignal, aus welchem sowohl das Bestromungssignal, ein Laufrichtungssignal, als auch ein Zeit-Meßsignal, abgeleitet wird.The measuring means 2 consists of a slotted disk 2.1 arranged on a drive shaft 3 or 3 ', a reflex light barrier 2.2 and evaluation electronics 2.3. This evaluation electronics forms the encoder signal, from which both the energization signal, a direction signal, as well as a time measurement signal.

Ein zweites mit der Steuereinheit verbundenes Meßmittel 7 dient zur Kantenerkennung des Aufzeichnungsträgers 8 nach optischen oder mechanischen Meßverfahren. Erscheint eine Kante des Aufzeichnungsträgers wird die Maschine gestartet und das System in der Steuereinheit 4 initialisiert.A second measuring means 7 connected to the control unit is used for edge detection of the recording medium 8 by optical or mechanical measuring methods. If an edge of the record carrier appears, the machine is started and the system is initialized in the control unit 4.

In einer anderen - in der Figur 2 nicht dargestellten - Variante ist für die Antriebe 10, 11 ein einziger Motor Mb mit einem Getriebe für beide Antriebswelle 3, 3' der Widerstandsfarbbandrollen 12 und 13 vorgesehen.In another variant — not shown in FIG. 2 — a single motor M b with a gear for both drive shafts 3, 3 ′ of the resistance ribbon rolls 12 and 13 is provided for the drives 10, 11.

Für eine sichere Laufrichtungserkennung eines Motors Mb für den Antrieb des Widerstandsfarbbandes ist in einer ersten Variante ein Encoder mit zwei phasenverschobenen Signalausgängen vorgesehen.In a first variant, an encoder with two phase-shifted signal outputs is provided for reliable detection of the running direction of a motor M b for driving the resistance ink ribbon.

In einer zweiten Variante wird softwaremäßig die Dauer eines einphasigen Encodersignals ausgewertet. Dabei ist eine verlängerte Impulsdauer oder -pause ein Merkmal für den Stopp mit anschließender Richtungsumkehr.In a second variant, the duration of a single-phase encoder signal is evaluated by software. An extended pulse duration or pause is a characteristic of the stop followed by a reversal of direction.

Mittels des Zeitmeßsignals kann das Rücklaufen in der Steuereinheit 4 softwaremäßig hinsichtlich eines zweiten Grenzwertes z ausgewertet werden, indem Taktsignale, insbesondere die Encodersignale bei der Vorwärts- und/oder bei der Rückwärtsbewegung des Farbbandes 1 gezählt werden.Using the time measurement signal, the return in the control unit 4 can be evaluated in software with regard to a second limit value z by counting clock signals, in particular the encoder signals during the forward and / or backward movement of the ink ribbon 1.

In der Figur 3 ist ein Programmablaufplan für eine Variante mit einem einzigen Motor Mb mit einem Getriebe als Antrieb für beide Antriebswellen 3, 3' der Farbbandrollen 12 und 13 dargestellt.FIG. 3 shows a program flow chart for a variant with a single motor M b with a gear as a drive for both drive shafts 3, 3 'of the ribbon rolls 12 and 13.

Nach dem Start wird das System initialisiert. Liegt eine Druckanforderung vor, werden die Motoren Ma, und Mb bzw. die Antriebe 9, 10 bzw. 11 für den Transport des Aufzeichnungsträgers 8 und für den Transport des Farbbandes 1 in Betrieb gesetzt.After the start, the system is initialized. If there is a pressure request, the motors M a , and M b or the drives 9, 10 or 11 for the transport of the recording medium 8 and for the transport of the ink ribbon 1 are put into operation.

Für eine konstante Druckqualität wird der Druckerantrieb so eingestellt, daß für jede Bandgeschwindigkeit Vbj mit j = 1, 2,..., m gilt: t j * V bj = c mit c = konstant

Figure imgb0006
und daß bei einem Savingfaktor S für die Transportgeschwindigkeit des Aufzeichnungsträgers Va gilt: V aj = (S * c)/t j
Figure imgb0007
For a constant print quality, the printer drive is set so that for each belt speed V bj with j = 1, 2, ..., m: t j * V bj = c with c = constant
Figure imgb0006
and that with a saving factor S for the transport speed of the record carrier V a : V aj = (S * c) / t j
Figure imgb0007

Beim Erreichen der vorgeschriebenen Sollgeschwindigkeiten wird im Ablaufplan der Punkt Druckdatenausgabe erreicht.When the prescribed target speeds are reached, the point print data output is reached in the schedule.

Nun werden die Druckdaten für eine erste Druckspalte ausgegeben. Jede zwischen den Abdrucken bestehende Druckunterbrechungszeit t u = x/V a

Figure imgb0008
wird in der Steuereinheit 4 ermittelt und ausgewertet. Beim Bestehen einer bestimmten Druckunterbrechungszeit kleiner als ein erster Grenzwert y und falls eine Druckaufforderung vorliegt, werden erneut Druckdaten für eine nächste Druckspalte ausgegeben. Liegt die Druckaufforderung noch nicht vor, wird weiter die Druckunterbrechungszeit bestimmt.The print data for a first print column are now output. Any print pause time between impressions t u = x / V a
Figure imgb0008
is determined and evaluated in the control unit 4. If there is a certain print interruption time smaller than a first limit value y and if there is a print request, print data are output again for a next print column. If the print request has not yet been received, the print interruption time is further determined.

Beim Bestehen einer bestimmten Druckunterbrechungszeit größer als ein erster Grenzwert y, wird der Bandmotor Mb gestoppt und anschließend sofort rückwärts, d.h. mit entgegengesetzter Drehrichtung betrieben.If there is a certain pressure interruption time greater than a first limit value y, the belt motor M b is stopped and then immediately operated in reverse, ie with the opposite direction of rotation.

Dabei wird das Farbband um einen definierten Wegbetrag zurückgefahren, der der Summe aus dem der Anhaltezeit entsprechenden Weg und dem der Anlaufzeit entsprechenden Weg entspricht. Dazu gibt es mehrere Möglichkeiten:

  • 1. Das Farbband wird im einfachsten Fall für eine einstellbare, fest vorgegebene Zeit nach jedem Stopp zurückgefahren, was bewirkt, daß unter den aktiven Teil des Druckkopfes ein Abschnitt des Farbbandes gelangt, der bereits "verbraucht" ist. Durch das nächstmalige Anfahren bis zur Sollgeschwindigkeit wird jedoch exakt (mit einer gewissen Sicherheit) das Band in den nächsten, noch unbenutzten Teil transportiert, so daß die verschenkten Bandlängen (durch Negativ-Abdrucklücken) im Band minimiert werden.
  • 2. Das Farbband wird softwaremäßig gesteuert um eine bestimmte Zeit (und damit um einen bestimmten Weg) zurückgefahren und zwar in Abhängigkeit des zeitlichen Abstandes der letzten zu druckenden Information, mit dem Ziel, wie unter 1. die Farbbandnutzung zu erhöhen. Hierzu kann ebenfalls ein vorhandener Encoder zur direkten Wegabfrage benutzt werden.
  • 3. Das Farbband wird mittels eines - in der Figur 2 nicht mit dargestellten - dritten Meßmittels 15 meßtechnisch gesteuert soweit zurückgefahren, bis der erste "verbrauchte" Bereich des Farbbandes indiziert wird, dann wird der Farbbandtransport gestoppt. Wenn das Anlaufverhalten des Bandtransports dem des Stoppverhaltens entspricht, so ist sichergestellt, daß nur unbenutzte Teile des Farbbandes zum Druckeinsatz gelangen.
The ink ribbon is moved back by a defined distance, which corresponds to the sum of the distance corresponding to the stopping time and the distance corresponding to the starting time. There are several possibilities for this:
  • 1. In the simplest case, the ink ribbon is retracted for an adjustable, predetermined time after each stop, which means that a section of the ink ribbon that is already "used up" gets under the active part of the print head. The next time you approach the target speed, however, the tape is transported exactly (with a certain degree of certainty) into the next, still unused part, so that the wasted tape lengths (due to negative impression gaps) in the tape are minimized.
  • 2. The ribbon is controlled by software by a certain amount of time (and thus a certain distance) depending on the time interval between the last information to be printed, with the aim of increasing the ribbon use as in 1. For this, an existing encoder can also be used for direct route interrogation.
  • 3. The ink ribbon is controlled by means of a third measuring means 15 (not shown in FIG. 2) until the first “used” area of the ink ribbon is indicated, then the ink ribbon transport is stopped. If the start-up behavior of the ribbon transport corresponds to that of the stop behavior, it is ensured that only unused parts of the ribbon are used for printing.

In einer ersten meßtechnischen Variante für ein ETR-Druckverfahren mit einem ETR-Widerstandsfarbband läßt sich diese Lösung mit Hilfe einer weiteren - in der Figur 2 nicht näher dargestellten - Reflexlichtschranke realisieren, da verbrauchte Bereiche des Farbbandes durch das Erscheinen der mittleren Stromrückleitschicht, insbesondere einer Aluminium-Schicht, im Gegensatz zu der normalen Farbschicht stark reflektieren. Durch die mechanische Anordnung der Lichtschranke vor oder hinter dem Druckkopf und mit Hilfe der Steuereinheit 4 lassen sich Unterschiede im Start- und Stoppverhalten des Bandtransports kompensieren.In a first metrological variant for an ETR printing process with an ETR resistance ribbon, this solution can be implemented with the aid of a further reflective light barrier, not shown in FIG. 2, since used areas of the ribbon are caused by the appearance of the middle current return layer, in particular an aluminum -Layer, in contrast to the normal color layer, strongly reflect. Due to the mechanical arrangement of the light barrier In front of or behind the print head and with the help of the control unit 4, differences in the start and stop behavior of the ribbon transport can be compensated.

Es ist in einer weiteren Variante für ein ETR-Druckverfahren mit einem ETR-Widerstandsfarbband vorgesehen, aufgrund von Widerstandsmessung die erste Stelle des verbrauchten Bandes beim Rückwärtslauf zu erkennen. In jedem Falle ist sicherzustellen, daß kein verbrauchtes ETR-Widerstandsfarbband zum erneuten Druckeinsatz kommt.In a further variant for an ETR printing method with an ETR resistance ink ribbon, it is provided that the first position of the used ribbon is recognized during the reverse run on the basis of resistance measurement. In any case, make sure that no used ETR resistance ribbon is used again.

Desweiteren muß garantiert werden, daß die Unterbrechungszeit tu zwischen den Abdrucken bzw. Abdruckteilen für ein Rückwärtslaufen des Farbbandes ausreicht. Insofern empfiehlt sich eine softwaremäßige Kontrolle. Andernfalls müßte der Transport des Aufzeichnungsträgers 8 gestoppt werden, was jedoch im Sinne einer hohen Verarbeitungsgeschwindigkeit nicht wünschenswert ist.Furthermore, it must be guaranteed that the interruption time t u between the imprints or imprint parts is sufficient for the ink ribbon to run backwards. In this respect, a software check is recommended. Otherwise, the transport of the record carrier 8 would have to be stopped, but this is not desirable in the sense of a high processing speed.

Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, daß der rückwärtslaufende Bandtransportmotor gestoppt und anschließend sofort vorwärts, d.h. mit einer Drehrichtung, wie beim Transport des Aufzeichnungsträgers, betrieben wird, sobald die Druckaufforderung wieder vorliegt.It is further provided that the reverse tape transport motor is stopped and then immediately forward, i.e. with a direction of rotation, as when transporting the recording medium, is operated as soon as the print request is available again.

Andernfalls, wenn keine Druckaufforderung vorliegt, wird die Rücklaufzeit tr aus der Encodersignalzahl bestimmt. Beim Bestehen einer Rücklaufzeit bzw. Encodersignalzahl kleiner als ein zweiter Grenzwert z, wird die Druckaufforderung erwartet, um wieder den Bandtransportmotor zu stoppen und in der Drehrichtung umzukehren.Otherwise, if there is no print request, the ramp-down time t r is determined from the number of encoder signals. If there is a ramp-down time or number of encoder signals less than a second limit value z, the print request is expected in order to stop the tape transport motor again and to reverse the direction of rotation.

Beim Bestehen einer bestimmten Rücklaufzeit bzw. Encodersignalzahl größer als ein zweiter Grenzwert z, wird der Bandtransportmotor gestoppt und überprüft, ob das Druckende erreicht ist. Bei einem Druckende wird auch der Motor 9 für den Transport des Aufzeichnungsträgers gestoppt.If there is a certain ramp-down time or number of encoder signals greater than a second limit value z, the tape transport motor is stopped and a check is carried out to determine whether the end of printing has been reached. At the end of a print also the motor 9 stopped for the transport of the recording medium.

Anderenfalls wird auf eine Druckaufforderung gewartet. Der Motor Mbv für den Antrieb 11 des Farbbandes 1 wird auf vorwärts geschaltet, wenn das Druckende nicht erreicht ist und eine erneute Druckaufforderung vorliegt.Otherwise, a print request is waited for. The motor M bv for the drive 11 of the ink ribbon 1 is switched to forward when the end of printing has not been reached and there is a renewed print request.

Anschließend erfolgt sofort der Rücksprung im Ablaufplan zum Punkt Druckdatenausgabe. Daraus ist ableitbar, daß die neue Bandlänge Σ(ck + pk) bei k einzelnen Abdrucken, um den Faktor 1/m kürzer ist als eine Bandlänge Σ(ck + pk) ohne die erfindungsgemäße Lösung: k=1 n (c 1k + p 1k ) = (1/m) * k=1 n (c k + p k )

Figure imgb0009
Then you will immediately return to the print data output point in the schedule. From this it can be deduced that the new tape length Σ (c k + p k ) for k individual impressions is shorter by a factor of 1 / m than a tape length Σ (c k + p k ) without the solution according to the invention: k = 1 n (c 1k + p 1k ) = (1 / m) * k = 1 n (c k + p k )
Figure imgb0009

Damit ergibt sich ein oberer Grenzwert für den Faktor m in Abhängigkeit von der Summe der Quotienten aus der in den Druckpausen eingesparten Bandlängen pk zu den verbrauchten Bandlängen c1k, wobei näherungsweise ck ≈ c1k und p1k ≈ 0 gilt. Da nicht jede Druckunterbrechung zu einem Bandstop und Rücklauf führt, liegt m in Abhängigkeit von der Anzahl größerer Druckunterbrechung im Bereich zwischen 1 und dem oberen Grenzwert: 1 < m < k=1 n (1 + p k /c 1k )

Figure imgb0010
This results in an upper limit value for the factor m as a function of the sum of the quotient of the time saved in the print pauses band lengths p k to the spent ribbon lengths c 1k, wherein approximately c k ≈ c 1 k and p 1 k ≈ 0. Since not every print interruption leads to a tape stop and rewind, m is in the range between 1 and the upper limit depending on the number of major print interruptions: 1 <m < k = 1 n (1 + p k / c 1k )
Figure imgb0010

Zu der - in der Figur 2 gezeigten - Anordnung wird nachfolgend ein Ausführungsbeispiel speziell für einen ETR-Drucker erläutert. Neben der Mechanik gehört zu einem solchen ETR-Drucker eine elektronische Kopfansteuerung 4.1, ein ETR-Druckkopf mit einer Vielzahl von Elektroden sowie eine Stromsammelelektrode 6, die mit einer Energieversorgung verbunden sind. Die Druckenergie wird in einem jeden zu jeder Elektrode zugehörigen Strompfad eingespeist, wobei eine gleichmäßige Druckqualität sicherzustellen ist.For the arrangement shown in FIG. 2, an exemplary embodiment for an ETR printer is explained below. In addition to the mechanics, such an ETR printer includes an electronic head control 4.1, an ETR print head with a plurality of electrodes and a current collecting electrode 6, which are connected to a power supply. The pressure energy is in each associated with each electrode Current path fed, whereby a uniform print quality must be ensured.

Die über die mit einem Mikroprozessor ausgerüstete Steuereinheit 4 gibt die Energie an einen ETR-Druckkopf der ETR-Druckeinheit 5 weiter, wobei die jeweils relevanten Druckinformation zum entsprechend richtigen Zeitpunkt t1 in eine Schalteinheit 4.1 der Steuereinheit 4 geladen werden, die im aktivierten Zustand ab t2 dafür sorgt, daß die zu druckenden Pixel eine definierte Zeit bestromt werden, damit die für den Druckvorgang erforderliche Hitze in den angesteuerten kurzzeitig kontaktierten Bereichen der Widerstandsschicht des Widerstandsfarbbandes 1 erzeugt wird. Nach Ablauf einer definierten Zeit wird zum Zeitpunkt t4 die Druckaufforderung gegeben, die neuen Druckdaten durch die Mikroprozessorsteuereinheit 4 bereitgestellt oder aber es liegt eine auszuwertende Druckunterbrechungszeit tu vor.The control unit 4, which is equipped with a microprocessor, forwards the energy to an ETR print head of the ETR print unit 5, with the relevant print information being loaded into a switching unit 4.1 of the control unit 4 at the correspondingly correct time t 1 , which outputs in the activated state t 2 ensures that the pixels to be printed are energized for a defined time, so that the heat required for the printing process is generated in the controlled, briefly contacted areas of the resistance layer of the resistance ink ribbon 1. After a defined time has elapsed, the print request is made at time t 4 , the new print data is provided by the microprocessor control unit 4, or there is a print interruption time t u to be evaluated.

Ein erster Grenzwert y wird von der Steuereinheit 4 softwaremäßig überwacht. Wenn zum Zeitpunkt t4 keine Druckaufforderung gegeben wurde, wird aus dem zum Zeitpunkt ts erscheinenden Encodersignal kein Bestromungsimpuls abgeleitet, sondern der Rücklauf während der Druckunterbrechungszeit tu hinsichtlich eines zweiten Grenzwertes z beispielsweise durch Zählen der Encodersignale ausgewertet.A first limit value y is monitored by the control unit 4 in software. If no pressure request was given at time t 4 , no energization pulse is derived from the encoder signal appearing at time t s , but the return during pressure interruption time t u is evaluated with regard to a second limit value z, for example by counting the encoder signals.

In der Figur 5 ist ein entsprechender Zeitverlauf dargestellt. Aus dem Encodersignal wird mit einer Zeitverzögerung der Bestromungsimpuls tj abgeleitet.A corresponding time profile is shown in FIG. The energizing pulse t j is derived from the encoder signal with a time delay.

Die erforderliche Impulshöhe wird von der angesteuerten Energiequelle bereitgestellt, welche die mit dieser über die Schalteinheit 4.1 temporär in Verbindung stehenden Elektroden mit einem Strom Is oder mit einer Spannung Us beaufschlagt, deren Höhe eine derartige Abhängigkeit von der temporär verschiedenen Anzahl n an angesteuerten Elektroden aufweist, daß eine größere Anzahl an Elektroden mit einem höheren Strom oder mit einer höheren Spannung versorgt werden, als eine geringere Anzahl.The required pulse level is provided by the controlled energy source, which applies a current I s or a voltage U s to the electrodes temporarily connected to it via the switching unit 4.1, the level of which indicates such a dependence on the temporarily different number n driven electrodes has that a larger number of electrodes are supplied with a higher current or with a higher voltage than a smaller number.

Bei einer Druckdatenausgabe werden die Widerstandsheizelemente Rh in der Widerstandsschicht des ETR-Bandes durch eine in ihrer Impulshöhe und Impulsbreite tj an die benötigte Heizenergie angepaßte Taktfrequenz angesteuert. Damit ergibt sich die die Druckqualität bestimmende Energie Wp in jedem Widerstandsheizelement Rh zu: W p = (I p 2 * R h ) * t j = (U h 2 / R h ) * t j

Figure imgb0011
In the case of a print data output, the resistance heating elements R h in the resistance layer of the ETR band are controlled by a clock frequency which is adapted in terms of pulse height and pulse width t j to the required heating energy. This results in the energy W p determining the print quality in each resistance heating element R h : W p = (I p 2nd * R H ) * t j = (U H 2nd / R H ) * t j
Figure imgb0011

Wird der ETR-Drucker für eine Frankiermaschine eingesetzt, kann deren Speicher und Mikroprozessorsteuereinheit zur Ansteuerung mit benutzt werden. Eine solche Frankiermaschinen besteht aus einem Speichermittel und einem mit diesem in Verbindung stehenden Empfangsmittel für über ein Übertragungsmittel übertragbare Daten, ein Eingabemittel, einem Steuermodul und dem ETR-Drucker.If the ETR printer is used for a franking machine, its memory and microprocessor control unit can also be used for control purposes. Such a franking machine consists of a storage means and a receiving means connected thereto for data that can be transmitted via a transmission means, an input means, a control module and the ETR printer.

In den - in der Figur 4 gezeigten - Zeitdiagrammen der Widerstandsfarbbandsteuerung ist das Druckanforderungssignal, das Schaltsignal für den Transportmotor, für den Bandmotor, das Druckunterbrechungssignal und das Encodersignal dargestellt.The pressure request signal, the switching signal for the transport motor, for the belt motor, the print interruption signal and the encoder signal are shown in the time diagrams of the resistance ribbon control shown in FIG.

Bei den Signalen Transport-Ein, Band vorwärts und bei einem Druckanforderungs-Ja liefert das Meßmittel 2 die Encodersignale. Nun werden die Druckdaten für eine erste Druckspalte ausgegeben. Bei der ersten Druckunterbrechung 1.U wird die Druckunterbrechungszeit tu in der Steuereinheit 4 ermittelt. Bei tu kleiner als ein erster Grenzwert y und falls weiterhin ein Druckanforderungs-Ja vorliegt, werden erneut Druckdaten für eine nächste Druckspalte ausgegeben. Andernfalls wird das Band gestoppt und läuft rückwärts, wie dies in der Figur 4 bei der zweiten und dritten Druckunterbrechung 2.U und 3.U gekennzeichnet und aus dem Bandsignal deutlich erkennbar ist.With the signals transport-on, belt forward and with a pressure request yes, the measuring means 2 supplies the encoder signals. The print data for a first print column are now output. During the first pressure interruption 1.U, the pressure interruption time t u is determined in the control unit 4. If t u is less than a first limit value y and if there is still a print request yes, print data are again output for a next print column. Otherwise the tape will stop and run backwards, as in the Figure 4 marked at the second and third pressure interruption 2.U and 3.U and is clearly recognizable from the band signal.

Die Figur 5 zeigt Signalverläufe zur Bildung des Bestromungssignals. Das Bestromungssignal mit der Zeitdauer tj wird aus dem Encodersignal mit einer Zeitverzögerung

Figure imgb0012
abgeleitet und steht in Relation zum Beginn der Signale für Bandtransport und Transport des Aufzeichnungsträgers. In einer weiteren nicht näher dargestellten Ausführungsform wird das Bestromungssignal mit dem Signal für den Transportmotor des Aufzeichnungsträgers, mit einem Taktsignal und einem Druckdatenausgabesignal synchronisiert, wodurch sich die Zeitverzögerung ergibt.Figure 5 shows waveforms for forming the energization signal. The energization signal with the time period t j becomes the encoder signal with a time delay
Figure imgb0012
derived and is in relation to the start of the signals for tape transport and transport of the record carrier. In a further embodiment, not shown, the energization signal is synchronized with the signal for the transport motor of the record carrier, with a clock signal and with a print data output signal, which results in the time delay.

Die Erfindung beschränkt sich in ihrer Ausführung nicht auf das vorstehend angegebene bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiel. Vielmehr ist eine Anzahl von Varianten denkbar, welche von der dargestellten Lösung auch bei grundsätzlich anders gearteten Ausführungen Gebrauch machen.The embodiment of the invention is not limited to the preferred exemplary embodiment specified above. Rather, a number of variants are conceivable which make use of the solution shown, even in the case of fundamentally different types.

Claims (20)

  1. Economic thermo-transfer printing method with a ribbon speed of the colour ribbon that is lower than the transport speed of the print medium (8) which moves a path length b during a current pulse time tj and a path length x during a following currentless time, wherein, on the path length b, the print medium (8) is printed in columns with parts of a multipart print image the parts of which a separated from each other by a distance causing an interruption of the print image, and with a ribbon length c covered by the colour ribbon (1) during the current pulse time tj, characterised in that, during the operation of the printer, the colour ribbon is controlled in such way that the saving factor S that is formed from the quotient of the overall path length covered Σ(b + x) of the print medium (8) and the entire ribbon length needed Σ(c + p) of the colour ribbon (1) is, from a certain duration on, increased by a factor m by means of interrupting the progression and a subsequent, defined back movement of the colour ribbon (1) in dependence on the print image interruptions, wherein the factor m lies between a minimum value of one and a maximum value which is determined by the sum of the ratios of the ribbon lengths p not needed during the printing due to the print image interruptions to the needed ribbon lengths c with each of ratios being additively increased by one.
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in
    - that a printing data output and a printing command is given by a control unit (4), wherein, upon each interruption of the print image, the control unit (4) analyses the print interruption time with regard to reaching a first limiting value y as well as a second limiting value z for the defined back movement of the colour ribbon (1);
    - that, upon reaching a first limiting value y, the colour ribbon is stopped and moved back by a defined path value which corresponds to the sum of the path corresponding to the stopping time and the path corresponding to the starting time;
    - that, upon a signalled printing command, the colour ribbon (1) is stopped before reaching a second limiting value z and then is moved forward again;
    - that, upon reaching a second limiting value z, the colour ribbon is stopped until a new printing command has been signalled and the colour ribbon (1) is moved forward or until the printing end is reached.
  3. Method according to claims 1 and 2, characterised in that a printing data output and a printing command is given by a control unit (4) after the system has been initialised, a printing request is present, the transport of the print medium and the forward movement of the colour ribbon (1) have been started, and that the colour ribbon (1) is moved forward after each printing command.
  4. Method according to claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the printing data output starts after a defined nominal speed of the colour ribbon (1) has been reached.
  5. Method according to claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the transport of the print medium is stopped when the printing end has been detected.
  6. Method according to claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the interruption of the print image is analysed by software.
  7. Method according to claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the colour ribbon (1) is moved back after every stop for an adjustable, fixed time, wherein a part of the colour ribbon that has already been used for printing is brought under the active part of the print head, so that, by the next starting up to the nominal speed, the colour ribbon (1) quite certainly is transported into the next unused part.
  8. Method according to claims 1 to 7, characterised in that the colour ribbon (1), driven by software, is moved back in a certain time by a certain distance dependent on the distance of time to the last information to be printed.
  9. Method according to claim 8, characterised in that the back transport of the colour ribbon occurring during the interruption of the print image is analysed by software by means of counting timing signals, in particular encoder signals during the forward and/or back movement of the colour ribbon (1).
  10. Method according to claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the colour ribbon (1) is an ETR resistance colour ribbon which, measurement-controlled by a third measuring means (15), is moved back until the first part of the ETR resistance colour ribbon already used for printing is detected and that the colour ribbon transport is stopped then.
  11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that, with the help of a further reflection light barrier, used areas of the ETR resistance colour ribbon are detected by the appearance of the aluminium layer which, in contrast to the normal colour layer, is highly reflective; and that, due to the mechanical arrangement of the reflection light barrier before and behind the print head, differences in the start and stop behaviour of the ribbon transport are compensated in the control unit (4).
  12. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that, on the basis of resistance measuring, the first part of the used ribbon is detected during the back run.
  13. Method according to claims 1, 2 and 9, characterised in that an encoder (2) having two dephased signal outputs is provided for a safe detection of the running direction of a motor Mb for driving the colour ribbon (1).
  14. Method according to claims 1, 2 and 9, characterised in that an encoder (2) having one signal output is provided for a safe detection of the running direction of a motor Mb for driving the colour ribbon (1) and that the duration of a single-phase encoder signal is analysed by software, wherein an extended pulse duration or pulse interval is an indication of the stop with subsequent inversion of the direction.
  15. Method according to claims 1 to 14, characterised in that an ETR resistance colour ribbon control is used in a franking machine.
  16. Arrangement for the execution of the thermo-transfer printing according to claim 1, including motors (Ma, Mb) or drives (9, 10, 11) for the transport of the print medium (8) and for the transport of the colour ribbon (1) as well as a control unit (4),
    characterised in that a first measuring means (2) coupled with at least one drive shaft (3 and/or 3') is provided for a colour ribbon (1) the transport direction and speed of which can be controlled; that a control unit (4) is electronically connected with the first measuring means (2), with a print unit (5), with at least one drive (10, 11) for the colour ribbon (1) and with the drive (9) for a transport device (14) for the print medium (8) to be printed, wherein said control unit (4) detects and analyses every printing interruption existing between the prints, the motor Mb of the colour ribbon (1) is stopped and then moved back, driving back the colour ribbon (1) by a defined path length.
  17. Arrangement according to claim 16, characterised in that the measuring means (2) consists of a slotted disk (2.1) arranged on a drive shaft (3 or 3'), a reflection light barrier (2.2) and an evaluation electronic unit (2.3); and that said evaluation electronic unit provides the control unit (4) with at least one encoder signal from which the current pulse signal, a running direction signal as well as a time-measuring signal are derived.
  18. Arrangement according to claims 16 and 17, characterised in that one drive (11) with a motor Mbv coupled over drive shaft (3') with a colour ribbon roller (13) is provided for the forward movement and one drive (10) with a motor Mbr coupled over drive shaft (3) with a colour ribbon roller (12) is provided for the back movement of the colour ribbon (1).
  19. Arrangement according to claims 16 to 18, characterised in that a second measuring means (7) connected with control unit (4) and employing an optical or mechanical measuring method is used for the detection of the edges of the print medium (8) in order to start the machine.
  20. Arrangement according to claims 16 to 19, characterised in that the print unit (5) is an ETR print unit and the colour ribbon (1) is an ETR resistance colour ribbon.
EP93250218A 1992-07-31 1993-07-29 Method and apparatus for economical thermal transfer printing Expired - Lifetime EP0581403B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4225798 1992-07-31
DE4225798A DE4225798A1 (en) 1992-07-31 1992-07-31 Economical thermal transfer printing process and arrangement for implementation

Publications (3)

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EP0581403A2 EP0581403A2 (en) 1994-02-02
EP0581403A3 EP0581403A3 (en) 1995-01-25
EP0581403B1 true EP0581403B1 (en) 1997-03-19

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93250218A Expired - Lifetime EP0581403B1 (en) 1992-07-31 1993-07-29 Method and apparatus for economical thermal transfer printing

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DE (2) DE4225798A1 (en)

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GB9410273D0 (en) * 1994-05-20 1994-07-13 Prestek Ltd Printing apparatus
GB2289652A (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-11-29 Illinois Tool Works Ink ribbon economy strategies for thermal printers.
DE19509683C2 (en) * 1995-03-07 2000-06-21 Francotyp Postalia Gmbh Thermal transfer printing process and arrangement for carrying out the process with a multi-use ribbon cassette
DE29504576U1 (en) * 1995-03-07 1995-05-11 Francotyp-Postalia GmbH, 16547 Birkenwerder Print head thermal control
DE19549376A1 (en) * 1995-03-07 1996-09-26 Francotyp Postalia Gmbh System for thermotransfer printing procedure
DE60000889T2 (en) 1999-04-06 2003-08-21 Alps Electric Co Ltd Thermal printers and their recording methods

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JPS5783471A (en) * 1980-11-14 1982-05-25 Canon Inc Thermal copying printer
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59305848D1 (en) 1997-04-24
EP0581403A2 (en) 1994-02-02
DE4225798A1 (en) 1994-02-03
EP0581403A3 (en) 1995-01-25

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