EP0580513B1 - Apparatus and method for making an off-shore foundation on vertical piles, more specifically a bridge-pier foundation - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for making an off-shore foundation on vertical piles, more specifically a bridge-pier foundation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0580513B1 EP0580513B1 EP19930401900 EP93401900A EP0580513B1 EP 0580513 B1 EP0580513 B1 EP 0580513B1 EP 19930401900 EP19930401900 EP 19930401900 EP 93401900 A EP93401900 A EP 93401900A EP 0580513 B1 EP0580513 B1 EP 0580513B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- caisson
- shells
- foundation
- box
- piles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
- E02D5/38—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds
- E02D5/40—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same making by use of mould-pipes or other moulds in open water
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
- E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
- E02D27/52—Submerged foundations, i.e. submerged in open water
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device and a method for making a foundation on vertical piles at sea and it applies in particular to a foundation of a pier of a bridge.
- ballast box it is known, to make such a foundation, to manufacture a ballast box, to bring this box in-situ by floating or by means of a barge, and to make the piles from the box, the latter being submerged.
- This technique has a certain number of drawbacks and in particular the fact that it involves temporarily fixing on the box a metal riser surrounding the entire work area for the production of all the piles, the cost of this riser being such that the box can only be submerged at a shallow depth, in an area where the box as well as the metal riser are therefore exposed to shocks and lateral thrusts (boats, ice, currents ).
- the box being submerged at a shallow depth, the piles necessarily have a long length, which increases their cost.
- the present invention aims to avoid these drawbacks and to further provide specific advantages.
- a device essentially consisting of a prefabricated assembly comprising a ballastable and self-supporting box, surmounted by a foundation primer and equipped with a plurality of vertical tubular liners along which the box can move up or down under the action of appropriate control means which can be used as cofferdams to make piles fixed in the ground, and tubular, waterproof and removable risers capable of being individually placed on and in extension of the shirts to provide access to the shirts and inside the box.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Foundations (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé pour réaliser une fondation sur pieux verticaux en mer et elle s'applique notamment à une fondation d'une pile d'un pont.The invention relates to a device and a method for making a foundation on vertical piles at sea and it applies in particular to a foundation of a pier of a bridge.
Il est connu, pour réaliser une telle fondation, de fabriquer un caisson ballastable, d'amener ce caisson in-situ par flottage ou au moyen d'une barge, et de réaliser les pieux à partir du caisson, ce dernier étant immergé.It is known, to make such a foundation, to manufacture a ballast box, to bring this box in-situ by floating or by means of a barge, and to make the piles from the box, the latter being submerged.
Cette technique présente un certain nombre d'inconvénients et notamment le fait qu'elle implique de fixer provisoirement sur le caisson une rehausse métallique entourant toute la zone de travail pour la réalisation de l'ensemble des pieux, le coût de cette rehausse étant tel que le caisson ne peut être immergé qu'à faible profondeur, dans une zone ou le caisson aussi bien que la rehausse métallique sont donc exposés à des chocs et des poussées latérales (bateaux, glaces, courants...). En outre, le caisson étant immergé à faible profondeur, les pieux ont nécessairement une grande longueur, ce qui augmente leur coût.This technique has a certain number of drawbacks and in particular the fact that it involves temporarily fixing on the box a metal riser surrounding the entire work area for the production of all the piles, the cost of this riser being such that the box can only be submerged at a shallow depth, in an area where the box as well as the metal riser are therefore exposed to shocks and lateral thrusts (boats, ice, currents ...). In addition, the box being submerged at a shallow depth, the piles necessarily have a long length, which increases their cost.
La présente invention vise à éviter ces inconvénients et à procurer en outre des avantages spéciflques.The present invention aims to avoid these drawbacks and to further provide specific advantages.
On y parvient selon la présente invention au moyen d'un dispositif essentiellement constitué d'un ensemble préfabriqué comportant un caisson ballastable et autostable, surmonté d'une amorce de fondation et équipé d'une pluralité de chemises tubulaires verticales le long desquels le caisson peut se déplacer vers le haut ou vers le bas sous l'action de moyens de commandes appropriés et qui peuvent être utilisées comme batardeaux pour réaliser des pieux fixés dans le sol, et de rehausses tubulaires, étanches et démontables aptes à être disposées individuellement sur et en prolongation des chemises pour constituer des accès aux chemises et à l'intérieur du caisson.This is achieved according to the present invention by means of a device essentially consisting of a prefabricated assembly comprising a ballastable and self-supporting box, surmounted by a foundation primer and equipped with a plurality of vertical tubular liners along which the box can move up or down under the action of appropriate control means which can be used as cofferdams to make piles fixed in the ground, and tubular, waterproof and removable risers capable of being individually placed on and in extension of the shirts to provide access to the shirts and inside the box.
Ce dispositif permet de mettre en oeuvre un procédé dans lequel, selon l'invention :
- on déplace l'ensemble préfabriqué jusqu'à son emplacement définitif en mer ;
- on commande une descente des chemises jusqu'au niveau du sol, le caisson restant en flottaison.
- on commande en tant que de besoin une élévation du caisson par coulissement sur les chemises jusqu'à un niveau suffisant que la surface inférieure du caisson soit au dessus des vagues, à l'abri des efforts latéraux dus au courant et à la houle ;
- on utilise les chemises comme batardeaux pour réaliser des pieux fixés dans le sol ;
- on met en place sur le caisson les rehausses tubulaires étanches en prolongation des chemises pour constituer des accès ultérieurs à l'intérieur du caisson et aux chemises ;
- on descend le caisson le long des chemises jusqu'à ce qu'il se trouve immergé en dessous de la zone exposée aux chocs des bateaux, à la poussée des glaces et autres efforts latéraux éventuels, mais l'amorce de fondation restant immergée ;
- on pompe l'eau des chemises, on sectionne la partie des chemises qui se trouve à l'intérieur des rehausses métalliques et on remplit les chemises et le caisson d'un béton armé ; et
- on démonte les rehausses ;
- on utilise l'amorce de fondation émergée du caisson comme appui pour continuer la fondation.
- the prefabricated assembly is moved to its final location at sea;
- the shirts are lowered to ground level, the box remaining in waterline.
- an elevation of the box is controlled as necessary by sliding on the shirts to a sufficient level that the lower surface of the box is above the waves, protected from lateral forces due to current and swell;
- the shirts are used as cofferdams to make piles fixed in the ground;
- the waterproof tubular extensions are placed on the box in extension of the shirts to constitute subsequent accesses to the inside of the box and to the shirts;
- the box is lowered along the liners until it is submerged below the area exposed to boat shocks, ice thrust and other possible lateral forces, but the foundation primer remains submerged;
- the jackets are pumped out, the part of the jackets which is inside the metallic extensions is sectioned and the jackets and the box are filled with reinforced concrete; and
- we dismantle the extensions;
- the foundation primer emerged from the box as support to continue the foundation.
On décrira ci-après un exemple de mise en oeuvre d'un tel procédé en référence aux figures schématiques du dessin joint qui illustrent le procédé et un dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre :
- la figure 1 est une élévation du caisson en cours de transport ;
- la figure 2 est une élévation du caisson après coulissement du caisson vers le haut sur les chemises tubulaires ;
- la figure 3 est une élévation du caisson pendant la réalisation des pieux ;
- la figure 4 est une élévation du caisson immergé ;
- la figure 5 est une élévation du caisson de la figure 4 équipée de rehausses métalliques ;
- la figure 6 est une élévation du caisson de la figure 5 après remplissage de béton et élimination des rehausses métalliques.
- Figure 1 is an elevation of the box during transport;
- Figure 2 is an elevation of the box after sliding the box up on the tubular liners;
- Figure 3 is an elevation of the box during the production of the piles;
- Figure 4 is an elevation of the submerged box;
- Figure 5 is an elevation of the box of Figure 4 equipped with metal risers;
- Figure 6 is an elevation of the box of Figure 5 after filling of concrete and removal of metal risers.
Le procédé de l'invention, en référence aux figures 1 à 6, comprend les phases consistant à :
- Préfabriquer une semelle de
béton 1 en forme de caisson ballastable et autostable, surmonté d'une amorce defondation 2, par exemple une amorce de fût, cette pré-fabrication étant réalisée dans une cale sèche ou sur une rampe de lancement, et installer sur le caisson des chemises tubulaires verticales 3 ("casing") ainsi que le système qui permettra au caisson de monter ou de descendre le long de ces chemises, par exemple sous l'action de vérins ou de treuils, comme une plate-forme autoélévatrice. Ce système en soi connu n'a pas été représenté sur les figures. - amener par flottage (fig. 1) le caisson ainsi équipé jusqu'à son emplacement définitif ;
- faire coulisser les
chemises 3 jusqu'au contact des chemises avec le fond de la mer, le caisson restant flottant est amarré à des ancrages (non représentés), puis faire coulisser lecaisson 1 vers le haut jusqu'à un niveau suffisant au-dessus de la mer pour que le caisson soit au-dessus des vagues et ne soit plus soumis aux efforts latéraux dus au courant et à la houle (fig. 2) ; - utiliser les
chemises 3 comme batardeaux pour réaliser despieux 4 dans le sol du fond de la mer (fig. 3) ; - descendre le caisson le long des chemises jusqu'à ce qu'il se trouve immergé en dessous de la zone exposée aux chocs des bateaux, de la poussée des glaces et autres efforts latéraux éventuels, l'amorce de
fût 2 restant émergée (fig. 4). On considère généralement qu'une immersion à une profondeur d'une dizaine de mètres est suffisante ; - mettre en place sur le caisson autour de chaque chemise une rehausse métallique 5 à une hauteur suffisante pour dépasser le niveau supérieur de la mer (fig. 2 ou 3) lorsque le caisson est immergé. Ces rehausses ont pû être installées lors d'une étape précédente, par exemple lorsque le caisson était au dessus de l'eau (fig. 3) , ou elles sont installées par des plongeurs, le caisson étant déjà immergé (fig. 4 ou 5) ;
- pomper l'eau des chemises et remplir les chemises et le caisson d'un béton armé ;
- sectionner la partie des chemises qui se trouve à l'intérieur des chemises métalliques 5 et démonter les rehausses (fig. 6).
- Prefabricate a
concrete footing 1 in the form of a self-supporting ballast box, surmounted by afoundation primer 2, by example a barrel primer, this pre-production being carried out in a dry dock or on a launching ramp, and install on the box vertical tubular liners 3 ("casing") as well as the system which will allow the box to mount or descend along these liners, for example under the action of jacks or winches, like a jack-up platform. This system known per se has not been shown in the figures. - float (fig. 1) the box thus equipped to its final location;
- slide the
shirts 3 until the shirts touch the seabed, the remaining floating box is moored to anchors (not shown), then slide thebox 1 up to a sufficient level above from the sea so that the box is above the waves and is no longer subjected to lateral forces due to the current and the swell (fig. 2); - use the
shirts 3 as cofferdams to makepiles 4 in the soil at the bottom of the sea (fig. 3); - lower the box along the liners until it is submerged below the area exposed to boat shocks, ice thrust and other possible lateral forces, the
bole boot 2 remaining emerged (fig. 4). It is generally considered that an immersion at a depth of ten meters is sufficient; - place a
metal riser 5 on the box around each shirt at a height sufficient to exceed the upper sea level (fig. 2 or 3) when the box is submerged. These extensions could have been installed during a previous step, for example when the box was above the water (fig. 3), or they are installed by divers, the box being already submerged (fig. 4 or 5 ); - pump the water from the liners and fill the liners and the box with reinforced concrete;
- cut off the part of the liners which is inside the
metal liners 5 and dismantle the extensions (fig. 6).
On a ainsi mis en place l'amorce de fondation 2 sur laquelle on continue la fondation de façon en soi connue.We thus set up the
Les avantages d'un tel procédé sont notamment les suivants :
- le caisson constitue une plateforme de travail autostable qui se trouve hors de l'eau lors du coulage des pieux, ce qui permet de réaliser ce coulage dans d'excellentes conditions ;
- la profondeur d'immersion du caisson est facilement réglable au niveau désiré ;
- les chemises tubulaires peuvent avoir une section droite quelconque : rondes, carrées, rectangulaires, triangulaires, trapézoïdales etc, ce qui permet de réaliser les pieux à sections variables en fonction des courbes d'efforts et des conditions de stabilité.
- the box constitutes a freestanding work platform which is out of the water during the casting of the piles, which allows this casting to be carried out in excellent conditions;
- the immersion depth of the box is easily adjustable to the desired level;
- the tubular liners can have any cross section: round, square, rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, etc., which makes it possible to make piles with variable sections according to the force curves and stability conditions.
Claims (2)
- A device for making an offshore foundation on vertical piles, in particular the foundation of a bridge pier, the device comprising a ballastable caisson suitable for being taken to its final location at sea and for being immersed, the device being characterized in that the caisson (1) is fitted with a foundation starter (2) and a plurality of vertical tubular shells (3) along which the caisson is capable of moving upwards or downwards under drive from appropriate control means, and which are suitable for being used as cofferdams for making piles (4) fixed in the sea bed, and in that the device includes tubular superstructures (5) that are watertight and removable, suitable for being disposed individually in line with the shells so as to provide access to the shells and to the inside of the caisson.
- A method of making an offshore foundation on vertical piles, in particular a bridge pier foundation, in which:• an assembly is prefabricated comprising a stable ballastable caisson (1) carrying a foundation starter (2) and fitted with a plurality of vertical tubular shells (3) disposed over passages passing vertically through the caisson, together with means for controlling at will relative vertical displacement between the caisson and the tubular shells;• the assembly is taken to its final location at sea;• the shells (3) are lowered to the sea bed, while the caisson (1) continues to float, being anchored in place;• the caisson (1) is caused to rise as far as necessary by sliding along the shells until it reaches a level such that the bottom surface of the caisson is above the waves, being out of reach of lateral forces due to current and to swell;• the shells are used as cofferdams to make piles (4) fixed in the sea bed;• watertight tubular superstructures (5) are put into place on the caisson extending the shells (3) so as to provide subsequent access to the insides of the caisson and of the shells;• the caisson (1) is lowered down the shells (3) until it is immersed below the zone exposed to shock from boats, to thrust from ice, and to any other possible lateral forces, while leaving the foundation starter above the water;• water is pumped out of the shells and the portions of the shells located inside the metal superstructures are cut off and the shells and the caisson are filled with reinforced concrete;• the superstructures are dismantled; and• the foundation starter emerging from the caisson is used as a support for continuing construction of the foundation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9209094 | 1992-07-23 | ||
FR9209094A FR2694030B1 (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1992-07-23 | Device and method for making a foundation on vertical piles at sea, in particular the foundation of a bridge pier. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0580513A1 EP0580513A1 (en) | 1994-01-26 |
EP0580513B1 true EP0580513B1 (en) | 1997-03-05 |
Family
ID=9432181
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19930401900 Expired - Lifetime EP0580513B1 (en) | 1992-07-23 | 1993-07-22 | Apparatus and method for making an off-shore foundation on vertical piles, more specifically a bridge-pier foundation |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0580513B1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69308415D1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2694030B1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010020995A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Werner Möbius Engineering GmbH | off-shore wind energy plant establishment system, has supporting structure connected to foundation piles embedded in seabed, and protection plate attached to foundation piles at seabed |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2476276B (en) * | 2009-12-18 | 2015-10-21 | Alstom Renewable Technologies | Foundation structure |
CZ2015567A3 (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2017-03-01 | České Vysoké Učení Technické V Praze, Kloknerův Ústav | A bridge structure for bridging of unembanked watercourses |
CN114592422A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-07 | 广西交科集团有限公司 | Self-resetting detachable and replaceable assembled anti-seismic pier and construction method thereof |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2592075B1 (en) * | 1985-12-19 | 1988-06-24 | Technip Geoproduction | SUPPORT DEVICE FOR A LEG OF A SELF-LIFTING OIL PLATFORM FOR SEA DRILLING, AND A PLATFORM INCLUDING ITS APPLICATION |
FR2592413A3 (en) * | 1985-12-30 | 1987-07-03 | Vache Jean Claude | Foundation with floating base for offshore structures |
US4932811A (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1990-06-12 | Robert Folding | Well head conductor and/or caisson support system |
-
1992
- 1992-07-23 FR FR9209094A patent/FR2694030B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-07-22 EP EP19930401900 patent/EP0580513B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-07-22 DE DE69308415T patent/DE69308415D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010020995A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Werner Möbius Engineering GmbH | off-shore wind energy plant establishment system, has supporting structure connected to foundation piles embedded in seabed, and protection plate attached to foundation piles at seabed |
DE102010020995B4 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2014-12-04 | Werner Möbius Engineering GmbH | Foundation system for the foundation of an offshore wind energy plant |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2694030B1 (en) | 1994-10-28 |
DE69308415D1 (en) | 1997-04-10 |
FR2694030A1 (en) | 1994-01-28 |
EP0580513A1 (en) | 1994-01-26 |
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