EP0580244A1 - Dispositif de reproduction d'images du type à panneau mince muni de canaux de propagation d'electrons - Google Patents
Dispositif de reproduction d'images du type à panneau mince muni de canaux de propagation d'electrons Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0580244A1 EP0580244A1 EP93202129A EP93202129A EP0580244A1 EP 0580244 A1 EP0580244 A1 EP 0580244A1 EP 93202129 A EP93202129 A EP 93202129A EP 93202129 A EP93202129 A EP 93202129A EP 0580244 A1 EP0580244 A1 EP 0580244A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- apertures
- display device
- selection
- spacer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J29/00—Details of cathode-ray tubes or of electron-beam tubes of the types covered by group H01J31/00
- H01J29/02—Electrodes; Screens; Mounting, supporting, spacing or insulating thereof
- H01J29/028—Mounting or supporting arrangements for flat panel cathode ray tubes, e.g. spacers particularly relating to electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J31/00—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes
- H01J31/08—Cathode ray tubes; Electron beam tubes having a screen on or from which an image or pattern is formed, picked up, converted, or stored
- H01J31/10—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes
- H01J31/12—Image or pattern display tubes, i.e. having electrical input and optical output; Flying-spot tubes for scanning purposes with luminescent screen
- H01J31/123—Flat display tubes
- H01J31/125—Flat display tubes provided with control means permitting the electron beam to reach selected parts of the screen, e.g. digital selection
- H01J31/126—Flat display tubes provided with control means permitting the electron beam to reach selected parts of the screen, e.g. digital selection using line sources
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
- H01J2329/86—Vessels
- H01J2329/8625—Spacing members
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
- H01J2329/86—Vessels
- H01J2329/8625—Spacing members
- H01J2329/863—Spacing members characterised by the form or structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
- H01J2329/86—Vessels
- H01J2329/8625—Spacing members
- H01J2329/864—Spacing members characterised by the material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2329/00—Electron emission display panels, e.g. field emission display panels
- H01J2329/86—Vessels
- H01J2329/8625—Spacing members
- H01J2329/8645—Spacing members with coatings on the lateral surfaces thereof
Definitions
- the invention relates to a picture display device having a vacuum envelope which is provided with a transparent face plate with a display screen having a pattern of luminescent picture elements (pixels), and a rear plate, said display device comprising a plurality of juxtaposed electron propagation means extending substantially parallel to the face plate, between said propagation means and the face plate, an addressing system for addressing desired pixels and an apertured spacer plate of electrically insulating material for passing electrons.
- the display device described above is of the flat-panel type, as disclosed in EP-A-464 937.
- Display devices of the flat-panel type are devices having a transparent face plate and, arranged at a small distance therefrom, a rear plate, while the inner surface of a face plate is provided with a (for example, hexagonal) pattern of phosphor dots. If (video information-controlled) electrons impinge upon the luminescent screen, a visual image is formed which is visible via the front side of the face plate.
- the face plate may be flat or, if desired, curved (for example, spherical or cylindrical).
- the display device described in EP-A-464 937 comprises a plurality of juxtaposed sources for emitting electrons, local electron propagation means cooperating with the sources and each having walls of high-ohmic, electrically substantially insulating material having a secondary emission coefficient suitable for propagating emitted electrons and an addressing system comprising electrodes (selection electrodes) which can be driven in rows so as to withdraw electrons from the propagation means at predetermined extraction locations facing the luminescent screen, further means being provided for directing extracted electrons towards pixels of the luminescent screen for producing a picture composed of pixels.
- the operation of the picture display device disclosed in EP-A 464 937 is based on the recognition that electron propagation is possible when electrons impinge on a wall of a high-ohmic, electrically substantially insulating material (for example, glass or synthetic material), if an electric field of sufficient power is generated over a given length of the wall (by applying a potential difference across the ends of the wall).
- the impinging electrons generate secondary electrons by wall interaction, which electrons are attracted to a further wall section ad in their turn generate secondary electrons again by wall interaction, and so forth.
- a flat-panel picture display device can be realised by providing each one of a plurality of juxtaposed "compartments", which constitute propagation ducts, with a column of extraction apertures at a side which is to face a display screen. It will then be practical to arrange the extraction apertures along "horizontal" lines extending transversely to the ducts.
- an addressing means is provided with which electrons can be selectively withdrawn from the "compartments", which electrons can be directed (and accelerated) towards the screen for producing a picture composed of pixels by activating the pixels.
- EP-A-464 937 particularly describes a multi-stage addressing or: selection system.
- a multi-stage selection system using a number of preselection extraction locations, which number is reduced with respect to the number of pixels, and directly or indirectly associated therewith a number of (fine-)selection apertures which corresponds to the number of luminescent pixels provides advantages with respect to, for example, the extraction efficiency ad/or the required number of electrical connections/drivers.
- For controlling the preselection locations a pattern of preselecting electrodes is used, and for controlling the (fine) selection apertures a pattern of fine selection electrodes is used.
- the luminescent screen is also referred to as the flu screen.
- An important component of the relevant display device is the flu spacer.
- the flu spacer is located between the fine-selection electrodes and the face plate of the flu screen. Due to the efficiency and the saturation behaviour of the flu it is of paramount importance that the voltage between the flu screen ad the fine selection is as high as possible. Dependent on the phosphors used, 3 kV or, even more frequently, 5 kV is a minimum requirement.
- the fine-selection plate, the flu spacer ad the flu screen are made of an insulating material, for example glass.
- a metallization of, for example nickel is provided in patterns on the fine-selection plate.
- a low-ohmic transparent conducting layer of, for example ITO is provided on the flu screen. This layer is provided with the flu and (possibly) a black matrix; the flu current is depleted via the conducting layer.
- a typical thickness of the flu spacer is 0.5-1.0 mm.
- the voltage difference between the fine-selection electrodes ad the ITO layer on the flu screen should be as high as possible. A number of unwanted effects may occur at large voltage differences. The invention is based on the insight that two effects can be distinguished, viz .
- a display device of the above described type in which the occurrence of these unwanted effects is at least partly obviated, according the invention.
- a display device of the type described is characterized in that the flu spacer is provided with means which enable the maintenance of large voltage differences across its width.
- the flu spacer plate is formed a an assembly of at least two spaced sub-spacers having communicating apertures, between which sub-spacers an apertured electrically conducting plate or layer is arranged.
- the measures described here are primarily intended for the flu spacer but may advantageously be used for other spacers in the present display device which may have l arge voltage differences such as, for example the spacer adjacent to the coarse-selection electrodes, referred to as the coarse-selection spacer.
- Fig. 1 shows a flat-panel picture display device having a display panel (window) 3 and a rear wall 4 located opposite said panel.
- a display screen 7 having a (for example, hexagonal) pattern of red (R), green (G) and blue (B) luminescing phosphor elements is arranged on the inner surface of window 3.
- triplets of phosphor elements are located in paths transverse to the long axis of the display screen ( i.e. they are "vertically staggered", see inset), but the invention is not limited thereto.
- a “horizontally staggered” arrangement is alternatively possible.
- An electron source arrangement 5 for example a line cathode which by means of electrodes provides a large number, for example 600, of electron emitters or a similar number of separate emitters, is arranged proximate to a wall 2 which interconnects panel 3 and rear wall 4. Each of these emitters is to provide a relatively small current so that many types of cathodes (cold or thermionic cathodes) are suitable as emitters.
- the emitters may be driven by a video drive circuit.
- the electron source arrangement 5 is arranged opposite entrance apertures of a row of electron propagation ducts extending substantially parallel to the screen, which ducts are constituted by compartments 6, 6', 6'', ... etc. , in this case one compartment for each electron source.
- compartments have cavities 11, 11', 11'', ... defined by the rear wall 4 and partitions 12, 12', ....
- the cavities 11, 11', ... may alternatively be provided in the rear wall 4 itself.
- At least one wall preferably the rear wall) of each compartment should have a high electrical resistance which is suitable for the purpose of the invention in at least the propagation direction (suitable materials are, for example ceramic material, glass, synthetic material - coated or uncoated -) and have a secondary emission coefficient ⁇ > 1 over a given range of primary electron energies.
- An axial propagation field is generated in the compartments by applying a potential difference V p across the height of the compartments 6, 6', 6'', ....
- the electrical resistance of the wall material has such a value that a minimum possible total amount of current (preferably less than, for example 10 mA) will flow in the walls in the case of a field strength in the axial direction in the compartments of the order of one hundred to several hundred volts per cm required for the electron propagation.
- the invention utilizes the aspect disclosed in EP-A-400 750 and EP-A-436 997 that vacuum electron propagation within compartments having walls of high-ohmic electrically substantially insulating material is possible if an electric field of sufficient power is applied in the longitudinal direction of the compartment.
- the contents of EP-A-400 750 and EP-A-436 997 are herein incorporated by reference.
- Addressing system 100 is separated from the luminescent screen 7 by a flu spacer 101 in the form of an apertured plate of electrically insulating material.
- Fig. 2 shows in a diagrammatical cross-section a part of the display device of Fig. 1 in greater detail, particularly the addressing system 100 which comprises preselection plate 10a with apertures 8, 8', 8'', ..., and fine-selection plate 10b with groups of apertures R, G, B.
- the apertures R, G, B are coplanar. However, they are actually located in a configuration corresponding to the phosphor dot pattern (see Fig. 1).
- an obstruction plate 10b having apertures 108, 108'', ...
- Electron propagation ducts 6 with transport cavities 11, 11', ... are formed between the addressing system 100 and rear wall 4.
- addressable metal preselection electrodes 9, 9', etc . extending from aperture to aperture and surrounding the apertures are arranged in ("horizontal") rows parallel to the long axis of the display screen on, for example the display screen side of the plate 10a.
- the walls of the apertures 8, 8', ... may be metallized.
- the fine-selection plate 10c is provided with "horizontally oriented" addressable rows of (fine-)selection electrodes for realising fine selection.
- the possibility of directly or capacitively interconnecting corresponding rows of fine-selection electrodes is important in this respect. In fact, a preselection has already taken place and, in principle, electrons cannot land at the wrong location. This means that only one group, or a small number of groups of three separately formed fine-selection electrodes is required for this mode of fine selection.
- the preselection electrodes 9, 9', ... are subjected to a linearly increasing DC voltage, for example, by connecting them to voltage-dividing resistors.
- the voltage-dividing resistors are connected to a voltage source in such a way that the correct potential distribution to realise electron propagation in the ducts is produced across the length of the propagation ducts.
- Driving is effected, for example by applying a pulse (of, for example 250 V) to consecutive preselection electrodes for a short time and to subsequently apply shorter lasting pulses of, for example 200 V to the desired fine-selection electrodes. It should of course be ensured that the line selection pulses are in synchronism with the video information.
- the video information is applied, for example, to the individual G1 electrodes driving the emitters (Fig. 1), for example in the form of a time or amplitude-modulated signal.
- the plate 10b may be combined to one assembly at both sides with one or both spacer plates 102, 103.
- the spacer plate 103 is referred to a the coarse-selection spacer and spacer plate 102 is referred to as the obstruction plate spacer or "chicane" spacer.
- Fig. 3 shows a larger detail of the cross-section of Fig. 2 (ideal situation).
- the potential of the spacer proximate to the fine-selection metallization may increase considerably and may even become substantially equal to the flu voltage in extreme cases. This is caused by the ohmic conductance of the spacer material.
- the potential at a given point on the spacer is then determined by the voltage division acorss the resistors from the relevant point to the flu and the fine-selection electrodes.
- Fig. 4A shows the situation diagrammatically.
- field emission may easily be produced a a result of this effect. In practice this results in recurrent, mostly short light flashes on the flu screen. During the field emission a part of the electrons is used to reduce the potential of the spaces so that the field emission is extinguished. Subsequently, it takes some time before the potential, via the ohmic conductance, is sufficiently high again for a subsequent short-lasting field emission. The field emission may also last a long time. This may happen when the secondary electrons formed on the flu spaces as a result of the field emission can easily be propagated towards the flu screen (hopping electrons). In that case the field at the fine-selection electrodes may increase under certain circumstances in such a way that the field emission subsists.
- a high-ohmic layer 14 is provided on the flu spaces 101 at the fine-selection side. This layer should have such a resistance that, compared to the resistance of the glass, it constitutes a short circuit so that the lower side of the spaces is maintained at the voltage of the fine-selection electrodes on the one hand (this determines the upper limit of the resistance) and, viewed from the selection electrodes, is very high ohmic on the other hand (this determines the lower limit).
- the layer 14 should be sufficiently high ohmic to keep the resultant "short circuit" between the different selection electrodes limited (interconnection of the fine selection results in more parallel resistors).
- the resistance per square of the layer should roughly be in the range between 1010 and 1011 ⁇ .
- a layer having such a resistance per square can be made in different miners. In one embodiment use is made of a layer comprising coloidal particles of Sb2O3-SnO2. An In2O3 layer is alternatively possible.
- a second manner of preventing field emission due to gaps is to fill up the space between the spaces 101 ad the fine selection with a layer 15 of a very high ohmic or (substantially) insulating material so that a satisfactory contact is always established. This is shown in Fig. 4B.
- the required resistivity of the "filling" depends on the size of the gaps and on the resistivity of the spaces material.
- the voltage at the lower side of the spaces should be sufficiently close to that of the selection electrodes.
- a third way of preventing field emission is to provide a low-ohmic layer (for example metallization) in patterns on the fine-selection side of the spaces 101. If this pattern is chosen to be equal to that of the fine selection, there will be no short circuits and the potential of the spacer at the fine-selection side is nevertheless defined.
- This solution is more expensive than, for example the use of only a high-ohmic layer.
- a conductor provided in patterns is more favourable than a high-ohmic layer.
- this layer should be relatively low ohmic.
- One possibility is to choose the layer to be so low ohmic that contact via the outer edges of the plate (at the edge of the display) is sufficient to define the potential.
- the resistance layer should have a resistance per square which is smaller than approximately 105 ⁇ so a to cause the voltage difference (a a result of voltage division only) with the flu screen to be less than approximately 10 V throughout. The voltage difference allowed is dependent on the adhesion of the flu or the black matrix and on the size of the gaps.
- the value of 10 V is an example.
- the resistance per square of this layer is preferably chosen to be very much smaller than the above-mentioned 105 ⁇ .
- a metal layer for example Ni
- a low-ohmic ITO layer are suitable.
- this layer may be utilized for shielding the display from electromagnetic disturbance (EMS), which is a significant advantage.
- the walls of the flu spacer will be charged. This charging is predominantly effected by electrons which are backscattered from the flu screen and generate secondary electrons on the spacer walls, which electrons are in their turn transported towards the flu screen. It appears to be favourable to ensure that the walls of the flu spacers are poor secondary emitters, either by choosing suitable spacer material or by providing a suitable coating; the latter seems to be the easiest way. As far as suppression of field emission is concerned, the ideal case is that the secondary emission coefficient ⁇ is always smaller than 1.
- said coating should preferably be sufficiently high ohmic so that the fine-selection side of the flu spacer is not "short-circuited" with the flu side.
- Fig. 6 shows where the different coatings should be provided.
- the "low ⁇ " coating 18 described may be provided throughout the spacer 101, for example on coatings 14 and 16; in practice, this is often simpler than providing the coating on the walls of the apertures only.
- the electric field at the fine-selection electrodes and hence unwanted field emission can be decreased by suitable choice of the shape of the flu spacer apertures.
- Rough directives for reducing the field at the selection electrodes are:
- FIG. 7A (cylindrical apertures having a diameter of approximately 0.4 mm)
- Fig. 7B (conical apertures widening towards the flu screen)
- Fig. 7C (diabolo-shaped apertures, i.e. apertures which become narrower form both ends towards the centre.)
- Typical dimensions are: thickness 0.5 mm, diameter aperture fine-selection side 0.3 mm, diameter aperture flu side 0.5 mm. Flu voltages of more than 10 kV can be achieved with such a flu spacer which is coated at the fine-selection side with a high-ohmic ATO layer (see above) and at the flu side with, for example nickel and in which a thin polyimide coating is provided on the assembly. Use is made of a fine-selection plate of glass provided with a 2 ⁇ m nickel coating.
- a method of further increasing the voltage between the fine-selection electrodes is to make use of two (or more) sub-spacers 101a, 101b in cascade, with a metal plate 101c (or metallized plate or a plate rendered conducting in another manner) provided with coaxial apertures being interposed.
- a double spacer is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 8.
- the high voltage can now be distributed over the two spacers.
- the conducting partition is used to define the potential in the middle and for this reason it should not be chosen to be arbitrarily thin in the embodiment shown. For two spacers having a thickness of 0.5 mm and an aperture diameter of 0.4 mm, a thickness of 0.1-0.2 mm of the partition is a suitable value.
- both spacers should be provided with conducting layers at the flu side as well a at the fine-selection side.
- the conducting layer at the fine-selection side of the spacer 101a should be high ohmic.
- Both spacers should be preferably coated with a low ⁇ coating.
- the addressing system of the display device ha been described in relation to two steps. However, the addressing system may be used to equal advantage with more than two steps. In some applications the addressing system may be single-stepped.
- the length of the electron propagation ducts or the quantity of juxtaposed propagation ducts is principally unimportant for the picture quality. Any aspect ratio for a display screen having a short axis and a long axis is thus possible, for example 4:3; 14:9; 16:9.
- the electron propagation ducts are generally arranged parallel to the short axis of the display screen, but in some cases it may be advantageous if they are arranged parallel to the long axis.
- a preselection aperture may be associated with, for example 2 fine-selection apertures (selection in groups of two), 3 fine-selection apertures (selection in groups of three), 4 fine-selection apertures (selection in groups of four), 6 fine-selection apertures (selection in groups of six).
- Fig. 2 shows the situation where three fine-selection apertures "R", "G” and "B" are associated with a preselection aperture 9. There are various possibilities for the arrangement of the three fine-selection apertures.
- Fig. 1 shows a R,B,G colour dot structure arranged along vertical paths. It will be evident that it will be "horizontally” arranged fine-selection electrodes or "tracks" 13, 13', 13'', ... for interconnecting dots of the same colour, as shown in Fig. 2.
- the idea that a track may also interconnect different colours leads to a series of novel possibilities.
- the basic principle of the following arrangements is a track through the centre of each triplet, with the remaining two dots being driven by a superjacent and a subjacent track, respectively.
- Figs. 9, 10 and 11 show some elaborations of this idea in a structure using vertical dot paths. In all these cases a straightforward solution, with horizontal tracks between equal colours, is alternatively possible. However in Fig. 9 the number of horizontal tracks 23, 23', 23'', ... per height of the display is 3 times smaller than in the straightforward solution, and also in Figs. 10 and 11 it is substantially smaller than in the straight forward solution, with the inherent advantages. In Fig. 11 the even and odd columns of triplets are slightly offset with respect to each other, which is an attractive feature for the effect and for the coarse-selection track pattern in a column-multiplexed display.
- the same material may be used, which renders the manufacture of the display device substantially easier.
- a suspension may advantageously be used which comprises Cr2O3 particles, glass particles and an organic binder, e.g. isopropanol.
- Said suspension may be provided e.g. by spinning or spraying to produce a coating.
- Said coating is transferred into a layer having the desired resistance by a heating step at a temperature e.g. in the range between 400 and 500 °C.
Landscapes
- Cathode-Ray Tubes And Fluorescent Screens For Display (AREA)
- Vessels, Lead-In Wires, Accessory Apparatuses For Cathode-Ray Tubes (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP19930202129 EP0580244B1 (fr) | 1992-07-23 | 1993-07-20 | Dispositif de reproduction d'images du type à panneau mince muni de canaux de propagation d'electrons |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP92202260 | 1992-07-23 | ||
EP92202260 | 1992-07-23 | ||
EP19930202129 EP0580244B1 (fr) | 1992-07-23 | 1993-07-20 | Dispositif de reproduction d'images du type à panneau mince muni de canaux de propagation d'electrons |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0580244A1 true EP0580244A1 (fr) | 1994-01-26 |
EP0580244B1 EP0580244B1 (fr) | 1997-10-08 |
Family
ID=26131583
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP19930202129 Expired - Lifetime EP0580244B1 (fr) | 1992-07-23 | 1993-07-20 | Dispositif de reproduction d'images du type à panneau mince muni de canaux de propagation d'electrons |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0580244B1 (fr) |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0683920A1 (fr) * | 1993-02-01 | 1995-11-29 | Silicon Video Corporation | Dispositif a panneau plat pourvu d'une structure interne de support et/ou d'une matrice noire en relief |
US5477105A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1995-12-19 | Silicon Video Corporation | Structure of light-emitting device with raised black matrix for use in optical devices such as flat-panel cathode-ray tubes |
EP0690472A1 (fr) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-01-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Dispositif à faisceau d'électrons et dispositif de formation d'image |
WO1996002933A1 (fr) * | 1994-07-18 | 1996-02-01 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Afficheur en panneau fin |
US5532548A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1996-07-02 | Silicon Video Corporation | Field forming electrodes on high voltage spacers |
US5541473A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1996-07-30 | Silicon Video Corporation | Grid addressed field emission cathode |
US5543683A (en) * | 1994-11-21 | 1996-08-06 | Silicon Video Corporation | Faceplate for field emission display including wall gripper structures |
WO1996030926A1 (fr) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-03 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Structures d'espacement destinees a des panneaux d'affichage plats et procedes pour les former |
US5578899A (en) * | 1994-11-21 | 1996-11-26 | Silicon Video Corporation | Field emission device with internal structure for aligning phosphor pixels with corresponding field emitters |
US5614781A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1997-03-25 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Structure and operation of high voltage supports |
US5646479A (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 1997-07-08 | General Motors Corporation | Emissive display including field emitters on a transparent substrate |
US5650690A (en) * | 1994-11-21 | 1997-07-22 | Candescent Technologies, Inc. | Backplate of field emission device with self aligned focus structure and spacer wall locators |
WO1997026674A1 (fr) * | 1996-01-15 | 1997-07-24 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Dispositif d'affichage a panneau mince |
WO1998000852A1 (fr) * | 1996-07-02 | 1998-01-08 | Philips Electronics N.V. | Dispositif comprenant un systeme de transport d'electrons possedant un espace de selection |
US5742117A (en) * | 1992-04-10 | 1998-04-21 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Metallized high voltage spacers |
EP0851457A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-25 | 1998-07-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Appareil de formation d'images |
WO1998035375A1 (fr) * | 1997-02-10 | 1998-08-13 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Unite de visualisation d'images a systeme d'adressage |
US5844354A (en) * | 1992-07-23 | 1998-12-01 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Flat-panel type picture display device with electron propagation ducts |
US5859502A (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1999-01-12 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Spacer locator design for three-dimensional focusing structures in a flat panel display |
US5903094A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1999-05-11 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Flat-panel type picture display device with electron propagation ducts |
WO1999034390A1 (fr) * | 1997-12-29 | 1999-07-08 | Motorola Inc. | Dispositif d'emission par champ electrique muni d'un separateur de haute capacite |
US5990614A (en) * | 1998-02-27 | 1999-11-23 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Flat-panel display having temperature-difference accommodating spacer system |
US6049165A (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 2000-04-11 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Structure and fabrication of flat panel display with specially arranged spacer |
US6107731A (en) * | 1998-03-31 | 2000-08-22 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Structure and fabrication of flat-panel display having spacer with laterally segmented face electrode |
US6153973A (en) * | 1996-12-26 | 2000-11-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Spacer and an image-forming apparatus, and a manufacturing method thereof |
FR2838118A1 (fr) * | 2002-04-08 | 2003-10-10 | Saint Gobain | Espaceurs possedant une conductivite electronique, procede de fabrication et applications notamment pour les ecrans de visualisation |
USRE40103E1 (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 2008-02-26 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Electron beam apparatus and image forming apparatus |
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US4101802A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-07-18 | Rca Corporation | Flat display device with beam guide |
EP0464937A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-05 | 1992-01-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Dispositif d'affichage d'image du type plat |
EP0496450A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-07-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Dispositif de reproduction |
-
1993
- 1993-07-20 EP EP19930202129 patent/EP0580244B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
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US4101802A (en) * | 1977-03-07 | 1978-07-18 | Rca Corporation | Flat display device with beam guide |
EP0464937A1 (fr) * | 1990-07-05 | 1992-01-08 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Dispositif d'affichage d'image du type plat |
EP0496450A1 (fr) * | 1991-01-25 | 1992-07-29 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Dispositif de reproduction |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 11, no. 384 (E-565)15 December 1987 & JP-A-62 150 640 ( MITSUBISHI ) 4 July 1987 * |
Cited By (50)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US6489718B1 (en) | 1982-04-10 | 2002-12-03 | Candescent Technologies Corporation | Spacer suitable for use in flat panel display |
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