EP0578667B1 - Component made of resinified spaced-layer fabric, and a method of producing a lagging - Google Patents

Component made of resinified spaced-layer fabric, and a method of producing a lagging Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0578667B1
EP0578667B1 EP92907069A EP92907069A EP0578667B1 EP 0578667 B1 EP0578667 B1 EP 0578667B1 EP 92907069 A EP92907069 A EP 92907069A EP 92907069 A EP92907069 A EP 92907069A EP 0578667 B1 EP0578667 B1 EP 0578667B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacer fabric
conductive
layers
fabric
threads
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92907069A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0578667A1 (en
Inventor
Friedrich Hörsch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZCL Composites Inc
Original Assignee
Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH filed Critical Vorwerk and Co Interholding GmbH
Publication of EP0578667A1 publication Critical patent/EP0578667A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/34—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure composed of two or more spaced sheet-like parts
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D11/00—Double or multi-ply fabrics not otherwise provided for
    • D03D11/02—Fabrics formed with pockets, tubes, loops, folds, tucks or flaps
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/242—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads inorganic, e.g. basalt
    • D03D15/267—Glass
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/10—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products
    • E04C2/16—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials of wood, fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like; of plastics; of foamed products of fibres, chips, vegetable stems, or the like
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2331/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products
    • D10B2331/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides
    • D10B2331/021—Fibres made from polymers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polycondensation products polyamides aromatic polyamides, e.g. aramides
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2403/00—Details of fabric structure established in the fabric forming process
    • D10B2403/02—Cross-sectional features
    • D10B2403/021—Lofty fabric with equidistantly spaced front and back plies, e.g. spacer fabrics
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2505/00—Industrial
    • D10B2505/02—Reinforcing materials; Prepregs
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/902—High modulus filament or fiber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24149—Honeycomb-like
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/30—Woven fabric [i.e., woven strand or strip material]
    • Y10T442/3472—Woven fabric including an additional woven fabric layer
    • Y10T442/348—Mechanically needled or hydroentangled

Definitions

  • the invention initially relates to a component consisting of a hardened resin-coated spacer fabric made of a technical fiber such as glass fiber, aramid fiber or the like with a first and second layer, which are liquid-tight and are spaced apart by intermediate webs.
  • the component known from the European patent application has already proven itself in many ways in practice.
  • hollow bodies are also lined, for example tanks that need to be renovated.
  • the safety requirements are very high, especially for tank systems.
  • the lining means must be resistant to the liquids stored in the tanks, for example gasoline, and on the other hand, an easy flammability or risk of explosion of such substances must also be taken into account.
  • a lining based on a spacer fabric is not yet satisfactory in every respect.
  • the object of the invention is to specify a component based on a spacer fabric, which in particular also in connection with containers suitable for highly flammable and explosive substances such as petrol.
  • This transparency first of all enables a simple check to be carried out to determine whether the desired spacing has actually been set in the lining. Areas in which the spacing has not appeared appear different in color, darker. A cavity is formed between the two layers, which is only penetrated by the intermediate webs which connect the two layers. If the inner layer facing the liquid or a tank wall has a leak, liquid penetrates into the cavity between the two layers, which a monitoring device registers.
  • the invention also relates to a method for forming an enveloping body, preferably an inner shell of a hollow body such as, in particular, a tank, which inner shell enables leakage monitoring and, at the same time, can be used with substances which are subject to fire / explosion hazards.
  • the invention proposes the application of a conductive resin composition to a container wall. With this resin mass an electrically conductive and after the impregnation with resin and hardening of the resin transparent bez. translucent spacer fabric, which has a first and a second layer, which are spaced apart by intermediate webs, connected to the container wall.
  • the laminating resin used to impregnate the spacer fabric is preferably not made conductive with graphite or carbon fibers in order to maintain the transparency of the spacer fabric laminate. This is the only way to visually check the function of the cavity before the application of further conductive layers.
  • the resin composition initially applied to the container wall can in particular also have a strong color, for example a strong red. This in order to take advantage of a translucency of the tissue in the manner already explained above.
  • the spacer fabric is preferably constructed from a technical fiber, such as glass fiber.
  • the spacer fabric has floating threads drawn in, such as carbon threads. These conductive threads enable leakage monitoring, for example, by measuring resistance.
  • the conductive threads alternate between the individual layers, preferably regularly over the length of the spacer fabric. If now the cavity between the layers, otherwise only from the support threads is penetrated, fills with liquid due to a leak, the electrical resistance will decrease due to the shortening of the conductive path. Of course, this also depends on the electrical properties of the liquid, but only assumes optimal conductivity for clarification. Even if the liquid penetrating into the cavity is poorly conductive, there will be a characteristic change in the resistance, which change in resistance can also be used for leakage monitoring. In an embodiment it is provided that the upper layer is then covered again with a particularly good conductive resin. This serves on the one hand to ensure the overall tightness of the enveloping body, and on the other hand also to ensure reliable electrical equality of potential, which upper layer can then be grounded.
  • the invention also relates to a spacer fabric itself, in particular based on velor fabric, made of a technical yarn, such as glass fiber, which has a first and a second layer, which are spaced apart by intermediate webs.
  • This spacer fabric is characterized by a floating woven conductive thread that changes between the layers. It is preferred that the conductive thread is woven in addition to a reinforcing thread of the spacer fabric. As an alternative to this, the conductive thread can also be woven in instead of a pile thread already present in the spacer fabric. In addition, it is possible for the conductive thread, which is, for example, a carbon thread, to be partially woven in so as to skip the bond.
  • a part 1 is first shown, which consists of a hardened resinized velor fabric.
  • a part 1 is first shown, which consists of a hardened resinized velor fabric.
  • European patent application 88 110 601.7 the disclosure content of which patent application is hereby included in full in the present application.
  • the hardening resinification results in two plate-like layers or layers 2, 3. Overall, the component 1 is translucent. This is of great importance because of the possibility of controlling the spacing, as explained in detail above.
  • conductive threads 4, 5 are drawn into the fabric on which the component is based.
  • it is carbon threads
  • the rest of the fabric is made of glass fiber, for example. But it can also consist of ceramic fiber or the like non-practically non-conductive fibers.
  • the conductive threads 4, 5, which can in principle also be, for example, thin metallic wires, alternate between the layers 2 and 3.
  • the threads 4, 5 replace a pile thread, and are therefore completely integrated in the rest of the fabric structure.
  • the floating pile thread 4 here consists of a conductive thread. It is anchored with three wefts 6 in the upper layer 2 and the lower layer 3, respectively.
  • the basic fabric is a velor fabric.
  • the conductive pile thread 4 can be woven in addition to the pile threads forming the intermediate webs 11 (FIG. 1) or (partially) replacing it.
  • the pile threads 6 are woven in at a distance of 2 mm up to 20 mm or more. This can be done with the same Pole shafts are used, which are used for the rest of the tissue. In order to be independent of the other pile threads in the binding of the conductive threads - if only single pile threads are designed as conductive threads - it is recommended to use one or two separate pile shafts. Longer or shorter floats can thus be achieved, as is shown in particular in FIG. 3.
  • the pile thread is first anchored in the lower layer 3 by means of two weft threads, then jumps over five weft threads, is anchored in the lower layer with a further two weft threads and then changes to the upper layer 2.
  • the procedure for forming the enveloping body is as follows.
  • a container here a tank 7, is coated on the inside with the spacer fabric 1.
  • the inner surface 8 of the container wall 9 is previously coated with a highly conductive resin compound.
  • the spacer fabric is pressed into this.
  • the conductive additives, for example carbon particles, in the resin create an electrically conductive connection to the spacer fabric.
  • metal or carbon pile threads 4 are woven into the spacer fabric in a grid-like or linear manner, which electrically connect the two cover fabric layers to one another.
  • the fabric is impregnated with a transparent laminating resin.
  • the spacer fabric automatically resets.
  • the laminating resin is expected to harden and then the inner wall (inner layer) may be reinforced with additional layers.
  • a fabric which is also provided in a grid shape with conductive threads, is used.
  • a highly conductive covering resin is again applied as a final layer in order to make the surface of the tank wall particularly electrically conductive.
  • the cavity that forms due to the spacer fabric must be visually inspected. On the basis of the transparency or translucency of the fabric explained further above, areas can be determined where, for example, the cavity may not be formed, where, for. B. the layers abut each other or the cavity is filled with resin.
  • FIG. 5 shows the success that can be achieved with the described invention.
  • the potential difference can be measured in a simple manner between the container wall 9 and an upper layer of the inner wall 10. Due to the procedure described, a resistance is set which is ⁇ 10 ⁇ . For example, for dangerous goods of hazard classes AI, AII and B it is specified that the resistance should be ⁇ 10 ⁇ . The required limit is therefore clearly undercut.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP92/00659 Sec. 371 Date Oct. 5, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Oct. 5, 1993 PCT Filed Mar. 25, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO92/17661 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 15, 1992.The invention relates to a structural part (1) consisting of a cured resinified spaced-layer fabric of industrial fibers such as glass fiber, aramid fiber, ceramic fiber or the like, having a first layer (2) and a second layer (3) which are liquid-tight and are spaced from each other by cross-pieces (11). In order to obtain a structural part which is suitable, in particular, also in connection with containers for easily inflammable and explosion-endangered substances such as for instance gasoline, the invention proposes that conductive threads (4, 5) which are incorporated in the spaced-layer fabric extend alternately between the layers (2, 3).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft zunächst ein Bauteil bestehend aus einem ausgehärtet verharzten Abstandsgewebe aus einer technischen Faser wie Glasfaser, Aramidfaser oder dergleichen mit einer ersten und zweiten Lage, die flüssigkeitsdicht sind und über Zwischenstege beabstandet sind.The invention initially relates to a component consisting of a hardened resin-coated spacer fabric made of a technical fiber such as glass fiber, aramid fiber or the like with a first and second layer, which are liquid-tight and are spaced apart by intermediate webs.

Ein solches Bauteil ist beispielsweise aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung 88 110 601.7 bekannt. Darüber hinaus ist auch noch auf die US-PS 3 481 427 hinzuweisen.Such a component is known for example from European patent application 88 110 601.7. In addition, reference is also made to US Pat. No. 3,481,427.

Insbesondere das aus der europäischen Patentanmeldung bekannte Bauteil hat sich in der Praxis bereits in vielfacher Hinsicht bewährt. So werden auch Auskleidungen von Hohlkörpern vorgenommen, beispielsweise Tanks, die etwa zu sanieren sind. Gerade bei Tankanlagen sind aber die Sicherheitsanforderungen sehr hoch. Einerseits müssen die Auskleidungsmittel beständig sein gegen die in den Tanks gelagerten Flüssigkeiten, beispielsweise Benzin, andererseits muß auch eine leichte Entflammbarkeit bzw. Explosionsgefahr solcher Stoffe berücksichtigt werden. Insbesondere in bezug auf letztere Anforderung ist eine Auskleidung auf der Basis eines Abstandsgewebes noch nicht in jeder Hinsicht zufriedenstellend.In particular, the component known from the European patent application has already proven itself in many ways in practice. Thus, hollow bodies are also lined, for example tanks that need to be renovated. However, the safety requirements are very high, especially for tank systems. On the one hand, the lining means must be resistant to the liquids stored in the tanks, for example gasoline, and on the other hand, an easy flammability or risk of explosion of such substances must also be taken into account. Especially with regard to the latter requirement, a lining based on a spacer fabric is not yet satisfactory in every respect.

Ausgehend von dem vorbeschriebenen Stand der Technik stellt sich der Erfindung die Aufgabe, ein Bauteil auf Basis eines Abstandsgewebes anzugeben, das insbesondere auch im Zusammenhang mit Behältern für leicht entzündliche und explosionsgefährdete Stoffe wie etwa Benzin geeignet ist.Starting from the above-described prior art, the object of the invention is to specify a component based on a spacer fabric, which in particular also in connection with containers suitable for highly flammable and explosive substances such as petrol.

Diese Aufgabe ist bei der im Anspruch 1 angegebenen Erfindung gelöst. Hierbei ist darauf abgestellt, daß in das Abstandsgewebe eingezogene leitfähige Fäden wechselnd zwischen den Lagen verlaufen. Diese leitfähigen Fäden, beispielsweise Kohlenstoffäden, verbinden die beiden Schichten zuverlässig elektrisch leitend miteinander. Dies bedeutet, daß eine etwa vorhandene elektrostatische Aufladung des Behälters zur Oberfläche der obersten Gewebelage hin abgeleitet wird. Durch geeignete Vorkehrungen kann also sichergestellt werden, daß sich praktisch keine Potentialdifferenz zur Erde ergibt. Diese Maßnahme macht überraschenderweise Auskleidungen auf der Basis von Abstandsgewebe auch geeignet für leicht entzündliche bzw. explosive Stoffe wie etwa Benzin. In weiterer Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, daß die Lagen des Abstandsgewebes zumindest im verharzten Zustand durchsichtig oder durchscheinend sind. Diese Durchsichtigkeit ermöglicht zunächst in einfacher Weise eine Überprüfung, ob sich die erwünschte Beabstandung tatsächlich bei der Auskleidung auch vollständig eingestellt hat. Bereiche, in denen die Beabstandung sich nicht eingestellt hat, erscheinen farblich abweichend, dunkler. Zwischen den beiden Lagen ist ein Hohlraum ausgebildet, der lediglich von den Zwischenstegen, welche die beiden Lagen verbinden, durchsetzt ist. Wenn die der Flüssigkeit zugekehrte innere Lage oder eine Tankwand etwa eine Undichtigkeit aufweist, dringt Flüssigkeit in den Hohlraum zwischen den beiden Lagen ein, welche eine Überwachungseinrichtung registriert.This object is achieved in the invention specified in claim 1. It is based on the fact that conductive threads drawn into the spacer fabric run alternately between the layers. These conductive threads, for example carbon threads, reliably connect the two layers to one another in an electrically conductive manner. This means that any electrostatic charge present on the container is discharged to the surface of the top fabric layer. Suitable precautions can therefore be taken to ensure that there is practically no potential difference to earth. This measure surprisingly makes linings based on spacer fabrics also suitable for highly flammable or explosive substances such as gasoline. In a further embodiment it is provided that the layers of the spacer fabric are transparent or translucent at least in the resinified state. This transparency first of all enables a simple check to be carried out to determine whether the desired spacing has actually been set in the lining. Areas in which the spacing has not appeared appear different in color, darker. A cavity is formed between the two layers, which is only penetrated by the intermediate webs which connect the two layers. If the inner layer facing the liquid or a tank wall has a leak, liquid penetrates into the cavity between the two layers, which a monitoring device registers.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Ausbildung eines Hüllkörpers, bevorzugt einer Innenhülle eines Hohlkörpers wie insbesondere eines Tanks, welche Innenhülle eine Leckage-Überwachung ermöglicht und gleichzeitig bei feuer-/explosionsgefährde ten Stoffen verwendbar ist. In diesem Zusammenhang schlägt die Erfindung die Aufbringung einer leitfähigen Harzmasse auf eine Behälterwand vor. Mit dieser Harzmasse wird ein elektrisch leitfähiges und nach dem Tränken mit Harz und Härten des Harzes durchsichtiges bez. durchscheinendes Abstandsgewebe, das eine erste und eine zweite Lage aufweist, die über Zwischenstege beabstandet sind, mit der Behälterwand verbunden. Das zum Tränken des Abstandsgewebes verwendete Laminierharz ist bevorzugt nicht mit Graphit- oder Kohlestoffasern leitfähig gemacht, um die Durchsichtigkeit des Abstandsgewebeslaminates zu erhalten. Nur damit ist es möglich, den Hohlraum vor dem Aufbringen weiterer leitfähiger Lagen auf Funktion visuell zu kontrollieren. Die zunächst -auf die Behälterwand- aufgebrachte Harzmasse kann insbesondere auch eine starke Farblichkeit aufweisen, beispielsweise kräftig rot sein. Dies um in der weiter oben bereits grundsätzlich erläuterten Weise eine Durchscheinbarkeit des Gewebes auszunutzen. Das Abstandsgewebe ist hierbei bevorzugt aufgebaut aus einer technischen Faser, wie beispielsweise Glasfaser. Darüber hinaus besitzt das Abstandsgewebe flottierend eingezogene leitfähige Fäden, wie beispielsweise Kohlenstoffäden. Diese leitfähigen Fäden ermöglichen eine Leckage-Überwachung beispielsweise schon durch eine Widerstandsmessung. Die leitfähigen Fäden wechseln zwischen den einzelnen Lagen, bevorzugt regelmäßig über die Länge des Abstandsgewebes. Wenn nun der Hohlraum zwischen den Lagen, der ansonsten lediglich von den Stützfäden durchsetzt ist, sich aufgrund einer Leckage mit Flüssigkeit füllt, wird der elektrische Widerstand schon wegen einer damit gegebenen Verkürzung der leitenden Strecke abnehmen. Dies natürlich auch abhängig von den elektrischen Eigenschaften der Flüssigkeit, hier aber einmal lediglich zur Verdeutlichung optimale Leitfähigkeit unterstellt. Auch wenn die etwa in den Hohlraum eindringende Flüssigkeit elektrisch schlecht leitend ist, wird sich in dem Widerstand eine charakteristische Änderung ergeben, welche Widerstandsänderung jedenfalls zur Leckage-Überwachung auch herangezogen werden kann. In Ausgestaltung ist vorgesehen, daß die obere Lage sodann nochmals mit einem besonders gut leitfähigen Harz überdeckt wird. Dies dient einerseits der Dichtigkeit des Hüllkörpers insgesamt, andererseits auch der zuverlässigen elektrischen Potentialgleichheit, welche obere Lage sodann geerdet werden kann.The invention also relates to a method for forming an enveloping body, preferably an inner shell of a hollow body such as, in particular, a tank, which inner shell enables leakage monitoring and, at the same time, can be used with substances which are subject to fire / explosion hazards. In this connection, the invention proposes the application of a conductive resin composition to a container wall. With this resin mass an electrically conductive and after the impregnation with resin and hardening of the resin transparent bez. translucent spacer fabric, which has a first and a second layer, which are spaced apart by intermediate webs, connected to the container wall. The laminating resin used to impregnate the spacer fabric is preferably not made conductive with graphite or carbon fibers in order to maintain the transparency of the spacer fabric laminate. This is the only way to visually check the function of the cavity before the application of further conductive layers. The resin composition initially applied to the container wall can in particular also have a strong color, for example a strong red. This in order to take advantage of a translucency of the tissue in the manner already explained above. The spacer fabric is preferably constructed from a technical fiber, such as glass fiber. In addition, the spacer fabric has floating threads drawn in, such as carbon threads. These conductive threads enable leakage monitoring, for example, by measuring resistance. The conductive threads alternate between the individual layers, preferably regularly over the length of the spacer fabric. If now the cavity between the layers, otherwise only from the support threads is penetrated, fills with liquid due to a leak, the electrical resistance will decrease due to the shortening of the conductive path. Of course, this also depends on the electrical properties of the liquid, but only assumes optimal conductivity for clarification. Even if the liquid penetrating into the cavity is poorly conductive, there will be a characteristic change in the resistance, which change in resistance can also be used for leakage monitoring. In an embodiment it is provided that the upper layer is then covered again with a particularly good conductive resin. This serves on the one hand to ensure the overall tightness of the enveloping body, and on the other hand also to ensure reliable electrical equality of potential, which upper layer can then be grounded.

Darüber hinaus betrifft die Erfindung auch ein Abstandsgewebe selbst, insbesondere auf Veloursgewebebasis, aus einem technischen Garn wie beispielsweise Glasfaser, das eine erste und eine zweite Lage aufweist, die über Zwischenstege beabstandet sind. Dieses Abstandsgewebe zeichnet sich durch einen flottierend eingewebten, zwischen den Lagen wechselnden, leitfähigen Faden aus. Es ist bevorzugt, daß der leitfähige Faden zusätzlich zu einem Verstärkungsfaden des Abstandsgewebes eingewebt ist. Alternativ hierzu kann der leitfähige Faden auch anstatt eines ohnehin in dem Abstandsgewebe vorhandenen Polfadens eingewebt sein. Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, daß der leitfähige Faden, der beispielsweise ein Kohlenstoffaden ist, teilweise bindungsüberspringend eingewebt ist.In addition, the invention also relates to a spacer fabric itself, in particular based on velor fabric, made of a technical yarn, such as glass fiber, which has a first and a second layer, which are spaced apart by intermediate webs. This spacer fabric is characterized by a floating woven conductive thread that changes between the layers. It is preferred that the conductive thread is woven in addition to a reinforcing thread of the spacer fabric. As an alternative to this, the conductive thread can also be woven in instead of a pile thread already present in the spacer fabric. In addition, it is possible for the conductive thread, which is, for example, a carbon thread, to be partially woven in so as to skip the bond.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung des weiteren im einzelnen anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert, die jedoch lediglich Ausführungsbeispiele darstellt. Hierbei zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine perspektivische ausschnittsweise Darstellung eines Hüllkörpers aus einem Abstandsgewebe mit leitenden Fäden;
Fig. 2
eine beispielshafte Bindung für das Abstandsgewebe;
Fig. 3
eine weitere beispielhafte Bindung des Abstandsgewebes;
Fig. 4
beipielhaft in perspektivischer Darstellung einen mit einem Hüllkörper auf Basis eines Abstandsgewebes ausgekleideten Tank;
Fig. 4a
eine ausschnittsweise Vergrößerung aus Figur 4;
Fig. 5
eine Verdeutlichung der Wirkung des Abstandsgewebes anhand einer Potentialdifferenzmessung.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, which, however, only show exemplary embodiments. Here shows:
Fig. 1
a partial perspective view of an enveloping body made of a spacer fabric with conductive threads;
Fig. 2
an exemplary weave for the spacer fabric;
Fig. 3
another exemplary weave of the spacer fabric;
Fig. 4
as an example, in perspective, a tank lined with an envelope based on a spacer fabric;
Fig. 4a
a partial enlargement of Figure 4;
Fig. 5
an illustration of the effect of the spacer fabric based on a potential difference measurement.

Mit Bezug zu Figur 1 ist zunächst ein Teil 1 dargestellt, welches aus einem ausgehärtet verharzten Veloursgewebe besteht. Bezüglich der Einzelheiten wird auf die bereits eingangs erwähnte europäische Patentanmeldung 88 110 601.7 hingewiesen, der Offenbarungsgehalt welcher Patentanmeldung hiermit vollinhaltlich in die vorliegende Anmeldung eingeschlossen wird.With reference to Figure 1, a part 1 is first shown, which consists of a hardened resinized velor fabric. With regard to the details, reference is made to the already mentioned European patent application 88 110 601.7, the disclosure content of which patent application is hereby included in full in the present application.

Durch die aushärtende Verharzung ergeben sich zwei plattenartige Lagen bzw. Schichten 2, 3. Insgesamt ist das Bauteil 1 durchscheinend. Dies ist von großer Bedeutung, wegen der Kontrolmöglichkeit der Beabstandung, wie weiter oben im einzelnen erläutert.The hardening resinification results in two plate-like layers or layers 2, 3. Overall, the component 1 is translucent. This is of great importance because of the possibility of controlling the spacing, as explained in detail above.

Wie in bezug auf die Figuren 2 und 3 nachstehend noch weiter im einzelnen beschrieben, sind in das dem Bauteil zugrunde liegende Gewebe leitfähige Fäden 4, 5 eingezogen. Beispielsweise handelt es sich um Kohlenstoffäden, während das Gewebe im übrigen beispielsweise aus Glasfaser besteht. Es kann aber auch aus Keramikfaser oder dergleichen nicht oder praktisch nicht leitfähigen Fasern bestehen. Die leitfähigen Fäden 4, 5, die grundsätzlich auch beispielsweise dünne metallische Drähte sein können, wechseln zwischen den Lagen 2 und 3. Beim Ausführungsbeispiel ersetzen die Fäden 4, 5 einen Polfaden, sind also vollständig in die Gewebestruktur im übrigen integriert.As described in more detail below with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, conductive threads 4, 5 are drawn into the fabric on which the component is based. For example, it is carbon threads, while the rest of the fabric is made of glass fiber, for example. But it can also consist of ceramic fiber or the like non-practically non-conductive fibers. The conductive threads 4, 5, which can in principle also be, for example, thin metallic wires, alternate between the layers 2 and 3. In the exemplary embodiment, the threads 4, 5 replace a pile thread, and are therefore completely integrated in the rest of the fabric structure.

In Figur 2 ist schematisch ein solches Gewebe wiedergegeben. Es sind auch hier die obere Lage 2 und die untere Lage 3 erkennbar. Der flottierende Polfaden 4 besteht hier aus einem leitfähigen Faden. Er ist mit jeweils drei Schußfäden 6 in der oberen Lage 2 bzw. der unteren Lage 3 verankert. Das grundlegende Gewebe ist ein Veloursgewebe. Der leitfähige Polfaden 4 kann zusätzlich zu den die Zwischenstege 11 (Fig. 1) bildenden Polfäden eingewebt sein oder einen solchen (teilweise) ersetzend.Such a fabric is shown schematically in FIG. The upper layer 2 and the lower layer 3 can also be seen here. The floating pile thread 4 here consists of a conductive thread. It is anchored with three wefts 6 in the upper layer 2 and the lower layer 3, respectively. The basic fabric is a velor fabric. The conductive pile thread 4 can be woven in addition to the pile threads forming the intermediate webs 11 (FIG. 1) or (partially) replacing it.

Die Polfäden 6 werden im Abstand von 2 mm bis zu 20 mm oder mehr eingewebt. Dies kann mit den gleichen Polschäften erfolgen, welche für das Gewebe im übrigen Verwendung finden. Um in der Poleinbindung der leitenden Fäden unabhänig von den übrigen Polfäden zu sein -wenn nur einzelne Polfäden als leitende Fäden ausgebildet sind- empfiehlt es sich jedoch ein oder zwei separate Polschäfte einzusetzen. Damit können längere oder kürzere Flottierungen erreicht werden, wie dies insbesondere in Figur 3 dargestellt ist. Hier ist der Polfaden beispielsweise in der unteren Lage 3 zunächst mittels zwei Schußfäden verankert, überspringt sodann fünf Schußfäden, ist mit weiteren zwei Schußfäden in der unteren Lage verankert und wechselt sodann zur oberen Lage 2.The pile threads 6 are woven in at a distance of 2 mm up to 20 mm or more. This can be done with the same Pole shafts are used, which are used for the rest of the tissue. In order to be independent of the other pile threads in the binding of the conductive threads - if only single pile threads are designed as conductive threads - it is recommended to use one or two separate pile shafts. Longer or shorter floats can thus be achieved, as is shown in particular in FIG. 3. Here, for example, the pile thread is first anchored in the lower layer 3 by means of two weft threads, then jumps over five weft threads, is anchored in the lower layer with a further two weft threads and then changes to the upper layer 2.

Mit Bezug zu Figur 4 wird verfahrensmäßig zur Ausbildung des Hüllkörpers wie folgt vorgegangen. Ein Behälter, hier ein Tank 7 wird innenseitig mit dem Abstandsgewebe 1 beschichtet. Zuvor wird die Innenfläche 8 der Behälterwand 9 mit einer gut leitfähigen Harzmasse bestrichen. In diese wird das Abstandsgewebe eingedrückt. Durch die im Harz befindlichen leitfähigen Zuschlagstoffe, beispielsweise Kohlenstoffpartikel, wird eine elektrisch leitfähige Verbindung zu dem Abstandsgewebe geschaffen. Im Abstandsgewebe sind dann wie bereits zuvor beschrieben rasterförmig oder linienförmig eingebrachte Metall- oder Kohlenstoffpolfäden 4 eingewoben, die beide Deckgewebelagen miteinander elektrisch verbinden. Nach dem Auflegen des Gewebes und einem evtl. Anhärten im Bereich senkrechter und überhängender Tankpartien, wird das Gewebe mit einem transparenten Laminierharz imprägniert. Ein Überschuß an Laminierharz kann ausgequetscht werden oder es kann sogleich eine entsprechend definierte Menge eingebracht werden. In jedem Fall stellt sich das Abstandsgewebe selbsttätig zurück. Es wird eine Anhärtung des Laminierharzes abgewartet und sodann evtl. durch weitere Schichten die Innenwand (innere Schicht) verstärkt. Auch dafür wird ein ebenfalls rasterförmig mit leitfähigen Fäden ausgestattetes Gewebe verwendet. Als Abschlußschicht wird nochmals stark leitfähiges Deckharz aufgestrichen, um die Oberfläche der Tankwand besonders gut elektrisch leitfähig auszuführen. Der Hohlraum, der sich aufgrund des Abstandsgewebes ausbildet, muß visuell kontrolliert werden können. Aufgrund der bereits weiter vorn erläuterten Durchsichtigkeit bzw. Durchscheinbarkeit des Gewebes können Bereiche festgestellt werden, wo evtl. beispielsweise der Hohlraum nicht ausgebildet ist, wo z. B. die Lagen aneinander anliegen oder der Hohlraum mit Harz gefüllt ist.With reference to FIG. 4, the procedure for forming the enveloping body is as follows. A container, here a tank 7, is coated on the inside with the spacer fabric 1. The inner surface 8 of the container wall 9 is previously coated with a highly conductive resin compound. The spacer fabric is pressed into this. The conductive additives, for example carbon particles, in the resin create an electrically conductive connection to the spacer fabric. Then, as already described, metal or carbon pile threads 4 are woven into the spacer fabric in a grid-like or linear manner, which electrically connect the two cover fabric layers to one another. After placing the fabric and possibly hardening in the area of vertical and overhanging tank sections, the fabric is impregnated with a transparent laminating resin. An excess of laminating resin can be squeezed out or an appropriately defined amount can be introduced immediately will. In any case, the spacer fabric automatically resets. The laminating resin is expected to harden and then the inner wall (inner layer) may be reinforced with additional layers. For this, too, a fabric, which is also provided in a grid shape with conductive threads, is used. A highly conductive covering resin is again applied as a final layer in order to make the surface of the tank wall particularly electrically conductive. The cavity that forms due to the spacer fabric must be visually inspected. On the basis of the transparency or translucency of the fabric explained further above, areas can be determined where, for example, the cavity may not be formed, where, for. B. the layers abut each other or the cavity is filled with resin.

In Figur 5 ist dargestellt, welcher Erfolg mit der beschriebenen Erfindung erreicht werden kann. Zwischen der Behälterwand 9 und einer Oberschicht der Innenwand 10 kann in einfacher Weise die Potentialdifferenz gemessen werden. Aufgrund der beschriebenen Verfahrensweise stellt sich ein Widerstand ein, der < 10 ⁵ Ohm liegt. Beispielsweise ist für die Gefahrengüter der Gefahrenklasse AI, AII und B festgelegt, daß der Widerstand < 10 ⁸ Ohm sein soll. Diese geforderte Grenze wird also deutlich unterschritten.FIG. 5 shows the success that can be achieved with the described invention. The potential difference can be measured in a simple manner between the container wall 9 and an upper layer of the inner wall 10. Due to the procedure described, a resistance is set which is <10 Ω. For example, for dangerous goods of hazard classes AI, AII and B it is specified that the resistance should be <10 Ω. The required limit is therefore clearly undercut.

Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung von Bedeutung sein. Alle offenbarten Merkmale sind erfindungswesentlich. In die Offenbarung der Anmeldung wird hiermit auch der Offenbarungsinhalt der zugehörigen/beigefügten Prioritätsunterlagen (Abschrift der Voranmeldung) vollinhaltlich mit einbezogen.The features of the invention disclosed in the above description, the drawing and the claims can be used individually or in any combination for the implementation of the invention to be of importance. All the features disclosed are essential to the invention. The disclosure content of the associated / attached priority documents (copy of the prior application) is hereby also included in full in the disclosure of the application.

Claims (7)

  1. Structural member (1) consisting of a hardened resinified spacer fabric made of industrial fibres which are not or practically not conductive, such as glass fibre, ceramic fibre or the like, with first and second layers (2, 3) which are liquid-tight and spaced apart by intermediate webs (11), characterised in that conductive threads (4, 5) drawn into the spacer fabric run alternately between the layers (2, 3).
  2. Structural member according to claim 1, characterised in that the layers (2, 3) at least in the resinified state are transparent or translucent.
  3. Method for constructing a sheathing body, preferably an inner sheath of a hollow body such as in particular a tank (7), which inner sheath allows leakage monitoring and at the same time can be used with materials which are a fire/explosion hazard, characterised by applying a conductive resin compound to a container wall (9), by means of which resin compound an electrically conductive and transparent/translucent spacer fabric (1) comprising first and second layers (2, 3) which are spaced apart by intermediate webs (11) is connected to the container wall (9), and impregnation of the spacer fabric with a resin compound which does not eliminate the transparency/translucency and leads to hardening of the spacer fabric, wherein the spacer fabric is provided with conductive connecting threads (4, 5) alternating between the layers (2, 3).
  4. Method according to claim 3, characterised in that the upper layer (2) which is not directly connected to the container wall (9) is again covered with a particularly highly conductive resin (10).
  5. Spacer fabric, in particular pile fabric, made of an industrial yarn such as glass fibre, aramide fibre, ceramic fibre or the like, comprising first and second layers (2, 3) which are spaced apart by intermediate webs (11), characterised by a conductive thread (4, 5) woven in in floating relationship and alternating between the layers.
  6. Spacer fabric according to claim 5, characterised in that the conductive thread (4, 5) is woven in in addition to a reinforcing thread of the spacer fabric.
  7. Spacer fabric according to either of claims 5 or 6, characterised in that the conductive thread (4, 5) is woven in, partly skipping the weave.
EP92907069A 1991-04-05 1992-03-25 Component made of resinified spaced-layer fabric, and a method of producing a lagging Expired - Lifetime EP0578667B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9104141U 1991-04-05
DE9104141U DE9104141U1 (en) 1991-04-05 1991-04-05
PCT/EP1992/000659 WO1992017661A1 (en) 1991-04-05 1992-03-25 Component made of resinified spaced-layer fabric, and a method of producing a lagging

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0578667A1 EP0578667A1 (en) 1994-01-19
EP0578667B1 true EP0578667B1 (en) 1994-12-28

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US (1) US5387455A (en)
EP (1) EP0578667B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH06505932A (en)
AT (1) ATE116399T1 (en)
AU (1) AU657316B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9205835A (en)
CA (1) CA2106767A1 (en)
DE (2) DE9104141U1 (en)
DK (1) DK0578667T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2066610T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1992017661A1 (en)

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Publication number Publication date
CA2106767A1 (en) 1992-10-06
DE9104141U1 (en) 1992-08-13
AU1445492A (en) 1992-11-02
US5387455A (en) 1995-02-07
WO1992017661A1 (en) 1992-10-15
DK0578667T3 (en) 1995-06-12
ATE116399T1 (en) 1995-01-15
JPH06505932A (en) 1994-07-07
EP0578667A1 (en) 1994-01-19
ES2066610T3 (en) 1995-03-01
AU657316B2 (en) 1995-03-09
DE59201103D1 (en) 1995-02-09
BR9205835A (en) 1994-06-28

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