EP0577874A1 - Wiggler with concentric coil arrangements - Google Patents

Wiggler with concentric coil arrangements Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0577874A1
EP0577874A1 EP92111569A EP92111569A EP0577874A1 EP 0577874 A1 EP0577874 A1 EP 0577874A1 EP 92111569 A EP92111569 A EP 92111569A EP 92111569 A EP92111569 A EP 92111569A EP 0577874 A1 EP0577874 A1 EP 0577874A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
coil
wiggler
coils
vertical axis
tesla
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EP92111569A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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Johan Dr. Overweg
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Priority to EP92111569A priority Critical patent/EP0577874A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP1993/001767 priority patent/WO1994001983A1/en
Publication of EP0577874A1 publication Critical patent/EP0577874A1/en
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05HPLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/04Magnet systems, e.g. undulators, wigglers; Energisation thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wiggler with a longitudinal axis and a vertical axis intersecting it and perpendicular to it, with two coil arrangements which are spaced apart from one another along the vertical axis and are aligned essentially mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to a central plane containing the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis, and each of which has one Has a plurality of substantially flat coils.
  • the invention relates in particular to wigglers with superconducting coils and to wigglers which are intended to generate magnetic fields whose maxima are between 2 Tesla and 10 Tesla, in particular around 4 Tesla to 5 Tesla.
  • Such wigglers are used in accelerator systems and storage ring systems for elementary particles, especially electrons and / or positrons, to generate synchrotron radiation.
  • Wiggler can also be used for various control and regulation applications.
  • a wiggler is basically a device that generates a magnetic field, which is distinguished in that it deflects a charged elementary particle that has entered the magnetic field along a predetermined, generally rectilinear target path from this target path and returns it to it, so that the elementary particle applies the magnetic field leaves the target path.
  • the effect the wiggler on an elementary particle flying through is limited in this sense to a certain time delay, since the particle flies through a curved path inside the wiggler which is longer than the nominal path; behind the wiggler the elementary particle flies again on the target orbit, on which it would also fly in the absence of the wiggler.
  • Wigglers are particularly interesting since they allow the generation of synchrotron radiation independently of deflection magnets and the like;
  • an existing accelerator or storage ring system which due to its spatial arrangement and / or the dimensions of its deflecting magnets is not or only partially suitable for the efficient generation of synchrotron radiation, can be supplemented by retrofitting a wiggler to a high-quality synchrotron radiation source.
  • the path of the elementary particle in the magnetic field is curved several times, so that synchrotron radiation is emitted on several sections of the path.
  • the first-mentioned document relates to a wiggler with superconducting coils, which generates a maximum magnetic field of about 5 Tesla; the second document provides an overview of the entire technical environment of wigglers and undulators; In particular, reference is hereby expressly made to this document and its entire disclosure.
  • superconducting coils in wigglers have so-called "racetrack shapes" (a single coil can have concentric and / or superposed partial coils, depending on the application).
  • a wiggler is formed from two coil arrangements arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to a central plane, each of which consists of a plurality of coils arranged alongside one another along a longitudinal axis in the central plane, in the form of a racetrack.
  • these coils are subjected to electrical currents in certain proportions and in predetermined directions of rotation and thus generate a spatially varying magnetic field along the longitudinal axis, which is also the desired path of the elementary particles passing through the Wiggler, which detects the elementary particles entering along the longitudinal axis in a certain way deflects a more or less complicated, multi-curved path and finally leads it back to the target path. Details of this can be found in the documents of the prior art.
  • the curved segments of these coils create the magnetic field on the Do not significantly affect the longitudinal axis; therefore, very elongated coils usually have to be used.
  • the present invention is based on the following task:
  • the dimensions of the wiggler which have so far been considerable for the reasons mentioned above, are to be significantly reduced, moreover, coils with simple, easy-to-produce shapes should be usable, and finally the forces exerted between the coils and by the coils on their holding structures should be reduced as far as possible.
  • the Wiggler according to the invention with a longitudinal axis and a vertical axis intersecting it and perpendicular to this, which Wiggler has two coil arrangements which are spaced apart from one another along the vertical axis and are aligned essentially mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to a central plane containing the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis, and each of which has one
  • a plurality of essentially flat coils is characterized in that each coil arrangement has an inner coil which is axially symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis and an outer coil which is axially symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis, which surrounds the inner coil.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that magnetic fields of the type required in Wiggemper can be generated not only with the known coil arrangements from three race track coils arranged next to one another, but also with arrangements from two coils which are concentric with one another.
  • the generation of a magnetic field with coil arrangements from two coils is made possible, which previously required coil arrangements with three coils. Since racetrack coils, in particular relatively elongated racetrack coils, are difficult to manufacture, a remarkable advantage is achieved with the invention. Even if a racing track coil is still required as the inner coil, a coil with a simpler shape can be used as the outer coil; the advantage also results from the smaller curvatures that are present in the outer coil, which must have a larger diameter than the inner coil.
  • the coil arrangements according to the invention With the coil arrangements according to the invention, a significant simplification of the cryosystem is also possible, which is required in the case of a superconducting wiggler to cool the coils to sufficiently low temperatures; while ensuring a relatively compact design, the coil arrangement according to the invention can be implemented in a much more space-saving manner than the previously known coil arrangements and thereby leaves considerably more space for cryogenic devices and supports and the like than the coil arrangements of the prior art.
  • the outer coil is given an approximately circular symmetry, that is to say a round shape. Such a shape is particularly easy to manufacture, which requires no further explanation at this point.
  • the inner coil in the Wiggler according to the invention is in particular a coil which is stretched along a transverse axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis.
  • an inner coil in the form of a racetrack can be used; however, it should be noted that the invention uses Racetrack spools are permitted that are significantly less stretched than previously required racetrack coils.
  • a first effect is the increase in the field at the center of the Coil arrangement, since the curved segments of the racetrack coils make increased contributions by shortening the straight segments; a second effect is a spatially stronger variation of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the center.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the wiggler which can possibly be added to other configurations, is that in each coil arrangement the coils are each at an associated distance from the center plane and the distance between the inner coil is smaller than the distance between the outer coil.
  • the distances of the inner coils from the central plane essentially determine the height of the magnetic field generated in the center of the wiggler; these distances are therefore usually specified.
  • the ratio between its distance from the longitudinal axis and its diameter must be kept sufficiently small for each coil, since otherwise irregularities occur in the magnetic field on the longitudinal axis, which are generally unacceptable.
  • the outer coils have large diameters, they can also be arranged at greater distances from the central plane without significant losses; this simplifies the interpretation of the Cooling such superconducting coils required cryogenic systems quite considerably.
  • each coil arrangement at least one coil is assigned an essentially flat compensating coil, which is aligned essentially axially symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis and approximately parallel to the central plane, wherein the coil lies between the center plane and the associated compensating coil.
  • a compensating coil can be used to reduce the magnetic forces between two corresponding coils of the coil arrangements; the force that occurs between one coil and the associated compensating coil reduces the force between the coil and the corresponding coil in the other coil arrangement.
  • Support devices arranged directly between corresponding coils of different coil arrangements can be dispensed with.
  • the coils corresponding to one another can thus be brought closer to one another than previously, which is both a general improvement in the quality of the magnetic field generated and a significant increase in the strength of the magnetic field enables.
  • the inner coils of the wiggler are particularly preferred for assigning compensating coils, since they are exposed to the greatest mechanical loads. It is understood that the magnetic fields of the compensating coils influence the magnetic fields of the inner coils and amplify them, which of course has to be taken into account when designing the inner coils and compensating coils; the same applies to the case that other coils are assigned compensation coils.
  • a wiggler with a longitudinal axis and a vertical axis intersecting it and perpendicular to this, which wiggler has two coil arrangements which are spaced apart along the vertical axis and are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another with respect to a central plane containing the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis, and each of which has a plurality of substantially planar coils, which Wiggler is further characterized in that in each coil arrangement at least one coil is assigned a substantially planar compensating coil which is oriented approximately concentrically to the coil and approximately parallel to the central plane, the coil between the central plane and the associated compensation coil, allows the laying of the necessary mechanical support devices from the space between corresponding coils of different coil arrangements to the respective spaces between the coils and their respective associated compensating coils, thus generally enables a particularly compact structure and, due to the smaller spacings of the corresponding coils, a significant improvement in the quality of the magnetic field generated.
  • each compensating coil has approximately the same shape as the coil to which it is assigned; this feature allows a simplified production, since special facilities and expenses for the production of the compensation coils are not required.
  • the wiggler according to the invention is particularly advantageously designed with superconducting coils; in particular, it also allows the coils to be designed to generate a magnetic field at the intersection of the longitudinal axis and the vertical axis, the center point of the wiggler, between 2 Tesla and 10 Tesla, in particular between 3 Tesla and 6 Tesla, preferably between 4 Tesla and 5 Tesla, which for many the usual applications is necessary.
  • the wiggler according to the invention is particularly qualified in any training for generating synchrotron radiation by means of a beam of elementary particles, in particular electrons or positrons, which enters the wiggler along the longitudinal axis and likewise leaves it again along the longitudinal axis.
  • FIG. 1 shows how two coil arrangements each of an inner coil 3 and an outer coil 4 form a wiggler according to the invention.
  • Inner coils 3 and outer coils 4 are each flat and are aligned parallel to a central plane, which contains the longitudinal axis 1 and is aligned perpendicular to the vertical axis 2.
  • the intersection 10 of the longitudinal axis 1 and the vertical axis 2 the magnetic field generated by the coils 3, 4 is strongest.
  • each inner coil 3 has a so-called racetrack shape with two straight segments 7 which are connected to one another by two curved segments 6 (only one such curved segment 6 is visible for each inner coil 3).
  • the outer coils 4 are approximately circular, which is why they are easy to manufacture.
  • each coil arrangement between the respective inner coil 3 and the respective outer coil 4 there is a relatively large amount of space for mechanical support devices, cooling shields and the like, which is why the wiggler according to the invention can be made particularly compact.
  • the inner coil 3 and the outer coil 4 are aligned essentially concentrically to one another, the centers of the coils 3, 4 lying on the vertical axis 2.
  • the coil arrangements separated from one another by the central plane containing the longitudinal axis 1 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to the central plane.
  • the mirror symmetry advantageously extends not only to the outer shape of the coils 3, 4, but also to the currents flowing in the coils 3, 4.
  • FIG. 2 shows a vertical top view of a coil arrangement of the wiggler according to the invention.
  • a circular outer coil 4 can be seen, in which a raceway-shaped inner coil 3 is arranged in a concentric manner.
  • the longitudinal axis 1 indicates the direction of the elementary particles passing through the Wiggler.
  • the inner coil 3 is stretched along a transverse axis 5 which, like the longitudinal axis 1, is parallel to the central plane.
  • An advantage of the wiggler according to the invention is that inner coils 3 can be used which are only slightly stretched along the transverse axis 5; such coils are mechanically much more robust than strongly stretched coils, since a slightly stretched shape allows a much better compensation of the forces occurring parallel to the center plane between the straight segments 7 compared to strongly stretched coils.
  • each inner coil 3 is assigned an approximately identical compensating coil 11, the inner coil 3 lying in each coil arrangement between the central plane given by the longitudinal axis 1 and the respective assigned compensating coil 11.
  • the compensating coils 11 serve to compensate for the magnetic forces which the inner coils 3 exert on one another during operation.
  • the magnetic fields of each inner coil 3 and the associated compensating coil 11 must be aligned parallel to one another.
  • each inner coil 3 Due to the magnetic forces occurring between each inner coil 3 and the associated compensating coil 11, each inner coil 3 is drawn to its associated compensating coil 11; this reduces the force between the inner coils 3, which simplifies the mechanical support of the inner coils 3 against one another. Support material between the inner coils 3 can thus be dispensed with, the inner coils 3 can thus be brought closer to the central plane than before and it is on Intersection 10 between the longitudinal axis 1 and vertical axis 2 to achieve a higher magnetic field, corresponding to an improved synchrotron radiation generation.
  • the wiggler according to the invention can be produced with comparatively little effort, it requires significantly less space than a wiggler according to the prior art, it offers the possibility of a significant simplification of the mechanical support devices which are still necessary and has a particularly high level of operational reliability.

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  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wiggler having a longitudinal axis (1) and having a vertical axis (2) which intersects said longitudinal axis (1) and is at right angles thereto, which wiggler has two coil arrangements which are aligned at a distance from one another along the vertical axis (2) and essentially in mirror-image symmetry with respect to one another with respect to a centre plane which contains the longitudinal axis (1) and is at right angles to the vertical axis (2). Each coil arrangement has a plurality of essentially flat coils (3, 4, 11), an inner coil (3), which is axially symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis (2), being surrounded by an outer coil (4), which is axially symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis (2). The inner coil (3) advantageously has the shape of a racetrack. The outer coil (4) can be approximately circular-symmetrical. Furthermore, a compensating coil (11) can be allocated to a coil (3, 4) of each coil arrangement, which compensating coil (11) can compensate for the mechanical forces acting directly between mutually corresponding coils (3, 4) of different coil arrangements and thus allows mechanical supporting devices to be displaced from the intermediate space (interspace) between the mutually corresponding coils (3, 4). The wiggler according to the invention is especially qualified for superconducting coils (3, 4, 11), especially for producing a magnetic field between a 4 Tesla and 5 Tesla, and for use in synchrotron radiation sources. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Wiggler mit einer Längsachse sowie einer diese schneidenden und zu dieser senkrechten Hochachse, mit zwei Spulenanordnungen, welche entlang der Hochachse voneinander beabstandet und bezüglich einer die Längsachse enthaltenden, zur Hochachse senkrechten Mittelebene im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander ausgerichtet sind, und deren jede eine Mehrzahl von im wesentlichen ebenen Spulen aufweist.The invention relates to a wiggler with a longitudinal axis and a vertical axis intersecting it and perpendicular to it, with two coil arrangements which are spaced apart from one another along the vertical axis and are aligned essentially mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to a central plane containing the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis, and each of which has one Has a plurality of substantially flat coils.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich insbesondere auf Wiggler mit supraleitfähigen Spulen und auf Wiggler, welche zur Erzeugung von Magnetfeldern bestimmt sind, deren Maxima zwischen 2 Tesla und 10 Tesla, insbesondere um 4 Tesla bis 5 Tesla, liegen.The invention relates in particular to wigglers with superconducting coils and to wigglers which are intended to generate magnetic fields whose maxima are between 2 Tesla and 10 Tesla, in particular around 4 Tesla to 5 Tesla.

Derartige Wiggler werden in Beschleunigeranlagen und Speicherringanlagen für Elementarteilchen, speziell Elektronen und/oder Positronen, zur Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung eingesetzt. In jedweden Beschleuniger- und Speicherringanlagen kommen Wiggler darüber hinaus in Frage für verschiedene Steuer- und Regelanwendungen.Such wigglers are used in accelerator systems and storage ring systems for elementary particles, especially electrons and / or positrons, to generate synchrotron radiation. In any accelerator and storage ring system, Wiggler can also be used for various control and regulation applications.

Ein Wiggler ist grundsätzlich eine ein Magnetfeld erzeugende Einrichtung, die dadurch ausgezeichnet ist, daß sie ein entlang einer vorgegebenen, in der Regel geradlinigen Sollbahn in das Magnetfeld eingetretenes geladenes Elementarteilchen von dieser Sollbahn ablenkt und wieder auf diese zurückführt, so daß das Elementarteilchen das Magnetfeld auf der Sollbahn wieder verläßt. Die Wirkung des Wigglers auf ein durchfliegendes Elementarteilchen ist in diesem Sinne beschränkt auf eine gewisse zeitliche Verzögerung, da das Teilchen im Inneren des Wigglers eine gekrümmte Bahn durchfliegt, die länger als die Sollbahn ist; hinter dem Wiggler fliegt das Elementarteilchen wieder auf der Sollbahn, auf der es in Abwesenheit des Wigglers ebenfalls fliegen würde. Es sei bemerkt, daß für solche Zwecke neben Wigglern im eigentlichen Sinne auch Undulatoren bekannt sind, welche prinzipiell dieselbe Funktion ausüben, jedoch in der Regel kompliziertere Magnetfelder als Wiggler im engeren Sinne haben, eine scharfe Trennung zwischen Wigglern und Undulatoren gibt es jedoch nicht.A wiggler is basically a device that generates a magnetic field, which is distinguished in that it deflects a charged elementary particle that has entered the magnetic field along a predetermined, generally rectilinear target path from this target path and returns it to it, so that the elementary particle applies the magnetic field leaves the target path. The effect the wiggler on an elementary particle flying through is limited in this sense to a certain time delay, since the particle flies through a curved path inside the wiggler which is longer than the nominal path; behind the wiggler the elementary particle flies again on the target orbit, on which it would also fly in the absence of the wiggler. It should be noted that in addition to wigglers in the strict sense, undulators are known for such purposes, which in principle perform the same function, but generally have more complicated magnetic fields than wigglers in the narrower sense, but there is no sharp separation between wigglers and undulators.

Im Hinblick auf die Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung, welche von einem Elektron oder Positron emittiert wird, wenn dieses sich auf einer gekrümmten Bahn befindet, sind Wiggler besonders interessant, da sie die Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung unabhängig von Ablenkmagneten und dergleichen erlauben; insbesondere kann eine vorhandene Beschleuniger- oder Speicherringanlage, welche bedingt durch ihre räumliche Anordnung und/oder die Abmessungen ihrer Ablenkmagnete zur effizienten Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung nicht oder nur bedingt geeignet ist, durch Nachrüstung eines Wigglers zu einer hochwertigen Synchrotronstrahlungsquelle ergänzt werden. Die Bahn des Elementarteilchens in dem Magnetfeld ist mehrfach gekrümmt, so daß an mehreren Abschnitten der Bahn Synchrotronstrahlung emittiert wird.With regard to the generation of synchrotron radiation, which is emitted by an electron or positron when it is on a curved path, Wigglers are particularly interesting since they allow the generation of synchrotron radiation independently of deflection magnets and the like; In particular, an existing accelerator or storage ring system, which due to its spatial arrangement and / or the dimensions of its deflecting magnets is not or only partially suitable for the efficient generation of synchrotron radiation, can be supplemented by retrofitting a wiggler to a high-quality synchrotron radiation source. The path of the elementary particle in the magnetic field is curved several times, so that synchrotron radiation is emitted on several sections of the path.

Einzelheiten zur Auslegung und Konstruktion von Wigglern gehen aus folgenden Dokumenten hervor:
D.E. Baynham et al, IEEE Trans. on Magnetics MAG-17 (1981) 1595;
G. Brown et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. 208 (1983) 65.
Details on the design and construction of Wigglers can be found in the following documents:
DE Baynham et al, IEEE Trans. On Magnetics MAG-17 (1981) 1595;
G. Brown et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. 208 (1983) 65.

Das erstgenannte Dokument betrifft einen Wiggler mit supraleitfähigen Spulen, der ein maximales Magnetfeld von etwa 5 Tesla erzeugt; das zweite Dokument bietet einen Überblick über das gesamte technische Umfeld von Wigglern und Undulatoren; insbesondere auf dieses Dokument und seine gesamte Offenbarung wird hiermit ausdrücklich Bezug genommen.The first-mentioned document relates to a wiggler with superconducting coils, which generates a maximum magnetic field of about 5 Tesla; the second document provides an overview of the entire technical environment of wigglers and undulators; In particular, reference is hereby expressly made to this document and its entire disclosure.

Wie insbesondere aus dem erstgenannten Dokument hervorgeht, haben supraleitfähige Spulen in Wigglern gemäß dem Stand der Technik sogenannte "Rennbahn-Formen" (wobei eine einzelne Spule je nach Anwendung zueinander konzentrische und/oder übereinanderliegende Teilspulen haben kann). Ein Wiggler ist gebildet aus zwei bezüglich einer Mittelebene spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander angeordneten Spulenanordnungen, deren jede aus vielzähligen, entlang einer in der Mittelebene liegenden Längsachse nebeneinander angeordneten Spulen in Rennbahn-Form besteht. Diese Spulen werden im Betrieb mit elektrischen Strömen in bestimmten Größenverhältnissen und in vorgegebenen Umlaufsrichtungen beaufschlagt und erzeugen somit entlang der Längsachse, welche auch die Sollbahn der den Wiggler durchfliegenden Elementarteilchen ist, ein räumlich variierendes Magnetfeld, welches die entlang der Längsachse eintretenden Elementarteilchen in bestimmter Weise auf eine mehr oder weniger komplizierte, mehrfach gebogene Bahn ablenkt und schließlich wieder auf die Sollbahn zurückführt. Einzelheiten hierzu sind den Dokumenten des Standes der Technik entnehmbar. Bei der Auslegung der Abmessungen der Rennbahn-Spulen ist zu beachten, daß die gebogenen Segmente dieser Spulen das magnetische Feld auf der Längsachse nicht wesentlich beeinflussen; daher müssen üblicherweise sehr langgestreckte Spulen verwendet werden.As can be seen in particular from the first-mentioned document, superconducting coils in wigglers according to the prior art have so-called "racetrack shapes" (a single coil can have concentric and / or superposed partial coils, depending on the application). A wiggler is formed from two coil arrangements arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to a central plane, each of which consists of a plurality of coils arranged alongside one another along a longitudinal axis in the central plane, in the form of a racetrack. In operation, these coils are subjected to electrical currents in certain proportions and in predetermined directions of rotation and thus generate a spatially varying magnetic field along the longitudinal axis, which is also the desired path of the elementary particles passing through the Wiggler, which detects the elementary particles entering along the longitudinal axis in a certain way deflects a more or less complicated, multi-curved path and finally leads it back to the target path. Details of this can be found in the documents of the prior art. When designing the dimensions of the racetrack coils, it should be noted that the curved segments of these coils create the magnetic field on the Do not significantly affect the longitudinal axis; therefore, very elongated coils usually have to be used.

Gegenüber dem Stand der Technik basiert die vorliegende Erfindung auf folgender Aufgabe:
Die aus den oben genannte Gründen bisher erheblichen Abmessungen des Wigglers sollen wesentlich verringert werden, darüber hinaus sollen Spulen mit einfachen, leicht herstellbaren Formen verwendbar sein und schließlich sollen die zwischen den Spulen und von den Spulen auf ihre Haltestrukturen ausgeübten Kräfte nach Möglichkeit reduziert werden.
Compared to the prior art, the present invention is based on the following task:
The dimensions of the wiggler, which have so far been considerable for the reasons mentioned above, are to be significantly reduced, moreover, coils with simple, easy-to-produce shapes should be usable, and finally the forces exerted between the coils and by the coils on their holding structures should be reduced as far as possible.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wiggler mit einer Längsachse sowie einer diese schneidenden und zu dieser senkrechten Hochachse, welcher Wiggler zwei Spulenanordnungen hat, die entlang der Hochachse voneinander beabstandet und bezüglich einer die Längsachse enthaltenden, zur Hochachse senkrechten Mittelebene im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander ausgerichtet sind, und deren jede eine Mehrzahl von im wesentlichen ebenen Spulen aufweist, ist erfindungsgemäß dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Spulenanordnung eine bezüglich der Hochachse axialsymmetrische Innenspule und eine bezüglich der Hochachse axialsymmetrische Außenspule aufweist, welche die Innenspule umgibt.The Wiggler according to the invention with a longitudinal axis and a vertical axis intersecting it and perpendicular to this, which Wiggler has two coil arrangements which are spaced apart from one another along the vertical axis and are aligned essentially mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to a central plane containing the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis, and each of which has one According to the invention, a plurality of essentially flat coils is characterized in that each coil arrangement has an inner coil which is axially symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis and an outer coil which is axially symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis, which surrounds the inner coil.

Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, daß Magnetfelder der in Wigglern geforderten Art nicht nur mit den bekannten Spulenanordnungen aus drei nebeneinander angeordneten Rennbahn-Spulen, sondern auch mit Anordnungen aus zwei zueinander konzentrischen Spulen erzeugbar sind. Mithin wird erfindungsgemäß die Erzeugung eines Magnetfeldes mit Spulenanordnungen aus zwei Spulen ermöglicht, wofür bisher Spulenanordnungen mit drei Spulen erforderlich waren. Da Rennbahn-Spulen, insbesondere relativ langgestreckte Rennbahn-Spulen, schwierig zu fertigen sind, wird mit der Erfindung ein beachtenswerter Vorteil erzielt. Auch wenn als Innenspule nach wie vor eine Rennbahn-Spule erforderlich sein sollte, kann doch als Außenspule eine Spule mit einfacherer Gestalt Anwendung finden; auch ergibt sich der Vorteil bereits aufgrund geringerer Krümmungen, die in der Außenspule, welche größere Durchmesser als die Innenspule aufweisen muß, vorliegen.The invention is based on the knowledge that magnetic fields of the type required in Wigglern can be generated not only with the known coil arrangements from three race track coils arranged next to one another, but also with arrangements from two coils which are concentric with one another. Thus, according to the invention, the generation of a magnetic field with coil arrangements from two coils is made possible, which previously required coil arrangements with three coils. Since racetrack coils, in particular relatively elongated racetrack coils, are difficult to manufacture, a remarkable advantage is achieved with the invention. Even if a racing track coil is still required as the inner coil, a coil with a simpler shape can be used as the outer coil; the advantage also results from the smaller curvatures that are present in the outer coil, which must have a larger diameter than the inner coil.

Mit den erfindungsgemäßen Spulenanordnungen ist auch eine wesentliche Vereinfachung des Kryosystems möglich, welches im Falle eines supraleitenden Wigglers zur Kühlung der Spulen auf hinreichend tiefe Temperaturen erforderlich ist; unter Gewährleistung einer relativ kompakten Bauweise ist die erfindungsgemäße Spulenanordnung wesentlich raumsparender als die bisher bekannten Spulenanordnungen ausführbar und läßt dabei für kryogene Einrichtungen wie auch Abstützungen und dergleichen wesentlich mehr Platz als die Spulenanordnungen des Standes der Technik.With the coil arrangements according to the invention, a significant simplification of the cryosystem is also possible, which is required in the case of a superconducting wiggler to cool the coils to sufficiently low temperatures; while ensuring a relatively compact design, the coil arrangement according to the invention can be implemented in a much more space-saving manner than the previously known coil arrangements and thereby leaves considerably more space for cryogenic devices and supports and the like than the coil arrangements of the prior art.

Besonders günstig ist es, wenn die Außenspule eine etwa kreissymmetrische, also runde Gestalt erhält. Eine solche Gestalt ist besonders einfach fertigbar, was an dieser Stelle keiner weiteren Erläuterungen bedarf.It is particularly favorable if the outer coil is given an approximately circular symmetry, that is to say a round shape. Such a shape is particularly easy to manufacture, which requires no further explanation at this point.

Als Innenspule kommt im erfindungsgemäßen Wiggler insbesondere eine Spule in Frage, welche entlang einer Querachse, die senkrecht zur Längsachse und senkrecht zur Hochachse liegt, gestreckt ist. Insbesondere kommt eine Innenspule in Rennbahn-Form in Frage; es sei jedoch darauf hingewiesen, daß die Erfindung die Verwendung von Rennbahn-Spulen gestattet, die deutlich weniger gestreckt sind als bisher erforderliche Rennbahn-Spulen. Dies ist möglich, da die von Innenspulen und Außenspulen erzeugten Magnetfelder im Rahmen der Erfindung in besonderer Weise gestatten, daß zwei Effekte, die aus der Verkürzung der Rennbahn-Spulen resultieren, sich gegenseitig aufheben: Ein erster Effekt ist die Erhöhung des Feldes im Mittelpunkt der Spulenanordnung, da die gebogenen Segmente der Rennbahn-Spulen unter Verkürzung der geraden Segmente erhöhte Beiträge liefern; ein zweiter Effekt ist eine räumlich stärkere Variation des Magnetfeldes in der Umgebung des Mittelpunktes. Diese beiden Effekte können im Rahmen der Erfindung gegeneinander abgewogen werden, so daß sie sich in der Summe aufheben. Dies kommt der kompakten Gestaltung des Wigglers zugute.The inner coil in the Wiggler according to the invention is in particular a coil which is stretched along a transverse axis which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis. In particular, an inner coil in the form of a racetrack can be used; however, it should be noted that the invention uses Racetrack spools are permitted that are significantly less stretched than previously required racetrack coils. This is possible because the magnetic fields generated by inner coils and outer coils in the context of the invention allow in a special way that two effects resulting from the shortening of the racetrack coils cancel each other out: A first effect is the increase in the field at the center of the Coil arrangement, since the curved segments of the racetrack coils make increased contributions by shortening the straight segments; a second effect is a spatially stronger variation of the magnetic field in the vicinity of the center. These two effects can be weighed against each other within the scope of the invention, so that they cancel each other out. This benefits the compact design of the Wiggler.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des Wigglers, welche gegebenenfalls zu anderen Ausgestaltungen hinzutreten kann, liegt darin, daß in jeder Spulenanordnung die Spulen jeweils einen zugehörigen Abstand zu der Mittelebene haben und der Abstand der Innenspule kleiner ist als der Abstand der Außenspule. Hierzu ist zunächst zu bemerken, daß die Abstände der Innenspulen von der Mittelebene wesentlich die Höhe des im Mittelpunkt des Wigglers erzeugten Magnetfeldes bestimmen; diese Abstände sind daher in der Regel vorgegeben. Gleichfalls muß bei jeder Spule das Verhältnis zwischen ihrem Abstand von der Längsachse und ihrem Durchmesser hinreichend klein gehalten werden, da andernfalls Unregelmäßigkeiten in dem Magnetfeld auf der Längsachse auftreten, welche in der Regel nicht hinnehmbar sind. Da erfindungsgemäß die Außenspulen jedoch große Durchmesser haben, können sie auch ohne wesentliche Einbußen mit größeren Abständen von der Mittelebene angeordnet werden; dies vereinfacht die Auslegung der zur Kühlung solcher supraleitfähiger Spulen erforderlichen kryogenen Systeme ganz erheblich.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the wiggler, which can possibly be added to other configurations, is that in each coil arrangement the coils are each at an associated distance from the center plane and the distance between the inner coil is smaller than the distance between the outer coil. It should first be noted that the distances of the inner coils from the central plane essentially determine the height of the magnetic field generated in the center of the wiggler; these distances are therefore usually specified. Likewise, the ratio between its distance from the longitudinal axis and its diameter must be kept sufficiently small for each coil, since otherwise irregularities occur in the magnetic field on the longitudinal axis, which are generally unacceptable. However, since according to the invention the outer coils have large diameters, they can also be arranged at greater distances from the central plane without significant losses; this simplifies the interpretation of the Cooling such superconducting coils required cryogenic systems quite considerably.

Eine ebenfalls besonders bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des Wigglers, welche gleichfalls zu anderen Weiterbildungen hinzutreten kann, besteht darin, daß in jeder Spulenanordnung zumindest einer Spule eine im wesentlichen ebene Ausgleichsspule zugeordnet ist, welche bezüglich der Hochachse im wesentlichen axialsymmetrisch und etwa parallel zu der Mittelebene ausgerichtet ist, wobei die Spule zwischen der Mittelebene und der zugeordneten Ausgleichsspule liegt. Eine solcherart zugeordnete Ausgleichsspule kann benutzt werden, um die magnetischen Kräfte zwischen zwei einander entsprechenden Spulen der Spulenanordnungen zu reduzieren; die Kraft, die zwischen einer Spule und der zugeordneten Ausgleichsspule auftritt, reduziert die Kraft zwischen der Spule und der entsprechenden Spule in der anderen Spulenanordnung. Dadurch werden die Anforderungen an mechanische Abstützungen, die unmittelbar zwischen einander entsprechenden Spulen verschiedener Spulenanordnungen anzuordnen sind, bedeutend reduziert; u. U. kann auf unmittelbar zwischen einander entsprechenden Spulen verschiedener Spulenanordnungen angeordnete Abstützeinrichtungen verzichtet werden. Selbstverständlich ist kein völliger Verzicht auf Abstützungen möglich; jedoch können solche Abstützeinrichtungen jeweils zwischen die Spule und die zugeordnete Ausgleichsspule eingreifen und erlauben somit, daß der unmittelbar zwischen einander entsprechenden Spulen liegende Raum frei von aufwendigen Einbauten frei bleiben kann. Somit können die einander entsprechenden Spulen einander mehr genähert werden als bisher, was sowohl eine allgemeine Qualitätsverbesserung für das erzeugte Magnetfeld als auch eine deutliche Vergrößerung der Stärke des Magnetfeldes ermöglicht.Another particularly preferred embodiment of the wiggler, which can also be used for other developments, is that in each coil arrangement at least one coil is assigned an essentially flat compensating coil, which is aligned essentially axially symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis and approximately parallel to the central plane, wherein the coil lies between the center plane and the associated compensating coil. Such a compensating coil can be used to reduce the magnetic forces between two corresponding coils of the coil arrangements; the force that occurs between one coil and the associated compensating coil reduces the force between the coil and the corresponding coil in the other coil arrangement. As a result, the requirements for mechanical supports which are to be arranged directly between corresponding coils of different coil arrangements are significantly reduced; u. U. Support devices arranged directly between corresponding coils of different coil arrangements can be dispensed with. Of course, it is not possible to completely do without supports; however, such support devices can each intervene between the coil and the associated compensating coil and thus allow the space directly between coils corresponding to one another to remain free of complex internals. The coils corresponding to one another can thus be brought closer to one another than previously, which is both a general improvement in the quality of the magnetic field generated and a significant increase in the strength of the magnetic field enables.

Besonders bevorzugt zur Zuordnung von Ausgleichsspulen sind die Innenspulen des Wigglers, da diese den größten mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Es versteht sich, daß die Magnetfelder der Ausgleichsspulen die Magnetfelder der Innenspulen beeinflussen, und zwar verstärken, was natürlich bei der Auslegung der Innenspulen und Ausgleichsspulen zu berücksichtigen ist; gleiches gilt für den Fall, daß anderen Spulen Ausgleichsspulen zugeordnet sind.The inner coils of the wiggler are particularly preferred for assigning compensating coils, since they are exposed to the greatest mechanical loads. It is understood that the magnetic fields of the compensating coils influence the magnetic fields of the inner coils and amplify them, which of course has to be taken into account when designing the inner coils and compensating coils; the same applies to the case that other coils are assigned compensation coils.

Die Aufnahme magnetischer Kräfte durch Ausgleichsspulen im Sinne einer allgemeinen Verbesserung der bisher bekannten Wiggler im Sinne der oben erwähnten Aufgabe kommt auch Wigglern zugute, die nicht die oben erwähnten besonderen erfindungsgemäßen Merkmale aufweisen.The absorption of magnetic forces by compensating coils in the sense of a general improvement of the previously known wigglers in the sense of the above-mentioned task also benefits wigglers who do not have the special features according to the invention mentioned above.

In einem Wiggler mit einer Längsachse sowie einer diese schneidenden und zu dieser senkrechten Hochachse, welcher Wiggler zwei Spulenanordnungen hat, die entlang der Hochachse voneinander beabstandet und bezüglich einer die Längsachse enthaltenden, zur Hochachse senkrechten Mittelebene im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander ausgerichtet sind und deren jede eine Mehrzahl von im wesentlichen ebenen Spulen aufweist, welcher Wiggler weiterhin dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß in jeder Spulenanordnung zumindest einer Spule eine im wesentlichen ebene Ausgleichsspule zugeordnet ist, welche etwa konzentrisch zu der Spule und etwa parallel zu der Mittelebene ausgerichtet ist, wobei die Spule zwischen der Mittelebene und der zugeordneten Ausgleichsspule liegt, ermöglicht die Verlegung der erforderlichen mechanischen Abstützeinrichtungen aus dem Zwischenraum zwischen einander entsprechenden Spulen verschiedener Spulenanordnungen zu den jeweiligen Zwischenräumen zwischen den Spulen und ihren jeweils zugeordneten Ausgleichsspulen, ermöglicht somit generell einen besonders kompakten Aufbau und, durch geringere Abstände der einander entsprechenden Spulen, eine bedeutende Verbesserung der Qualität des erzeugten Magnetfeldes.In a wiggler with a longitudinal axis and a vertical axis intersecting it and perpendicular to this, which wiggler has two coil arrangements which are spaced apart along the vertical axis and are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another with respect to a central plane containing the longitudinal axis and perpendicular to the vertical axis, and each of which has a plurality of substantially planar coils, which Wiggler is further characterized in that in each coil arrangement at least one coil is assigned a substantially planar compensating coil which is oriented approximately concentrically to the coil and approximately parallel to the central plane, the coil between the central plane and the associated compensation coil, allows the laying of the necessary mechanical support devices from the space between corresponding coils of different coil arrangements to the respective spaces between the coils and their respective associated compensating coils, thus generally enables a particularly compact structure and, due to the smaller spacings of the corresponding coils, a significant improvement in the quality of the magnetic field generated.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn jede Ausgleichsspule etwa dieselbe Gestalt aufweist, wie die Spule, der sie zugeordnet ist; dieses Merkmal erlaubt eine vereinfachte Herstellung, da besondere Einrichtungen und Aufwendungen zur Herstellung der Ausgleichsspulen nicht erforderlich sind.It is particularly advantageous if each compensating coil has approximately the same shape as the coil to which it is assigned; this feature allows a simplified production, since special facilities and expenses for the production of the compensation coils are not required.

Wie bereits erwähnt, wird der erfindungsgemäße Wiggler besonders vorteilhaft mit supraleitfähigen Spulen ausgeführt; insbesondere gestattet er weiterhin Ausbildungen der Spulen zur Erzeugung eines Magnetfeldes an dem Schnittpunkt von Längsachse und Hochachse, dem Mittelpunkt des Wigglers, zwischen 2 Tesla und 10 Tesla, insbesondere zwischen 3 Tesla und 6 Tesla, vorzugsweise zwischen 4 Tesla und 5 Tesla, was für viele der üblichen Anwendungen notwendig ist.As already mentioned, the wiggler according to the invention is particularly advantageously designed with superconducting coils; in particular, it also allows the coils to be designed to generate a magnetic field at the intersection of the longitudinal axis and the vertical axis, the center point of the wiggler, between 2 Tesla and 10 Tesla, in particular between 3 Tesla and 6 Tesla, preferably between 4 Tesla and 5 Tesla, which for many the usual applications is necessary.

Besonders qualifiziert ist der erfindungsgemäße Wiggler jeder Ausbildung zur Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung mittels eines Strahls von Elementarteilchen, insbesondere Elektronen oder Positronen, welcher entlang der Längsachse in den Wiggler eintritt und diesen ebenfalls entlang der Längsachse wieder verläßt.The wiggler according to the invention is particularly qualified in any training for generating synchrotron radiation by means of a beam of elementary particles, in particular electrons or positrons, which enters the wiggler along the longitudinal axis and likewise leaves it again along the longitudinal axis.

Die Erfindung wird nunmehr anhand der in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele erläutert. In den Figuren dargestellt sind die zur Bildung des erfindungsgemäßen Wigglers erforderlichen Spulenanordnungen; nicht dargestellt sind der innere Aufbau der Spulen in den Spulenanordnungen sowie Mittel zur Abstützung, Kühlung und Wärmeabschirmung der Spulen. Hinweise zur Konstruktion der Spulen und ihrer Hilfseinrichtungen (unter Einschluß derer, die soeben erwähnt wurden) stehen im Stand der Technik zur Verfügung. In der Zeichnung zeigen im einzelnen:

  • Figur 1 eine Schrägansicht eines vertikalen Längsschnitts durch einen erfindungsgemäßen Wiggler;
  • Figur 2 eine vertikale Draufsicht auf die Spulen des Wigglers;
  • Figur 3 eine Seitenansicht einer besonderen Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Wigglers.
The invention is now based on the in the drawing illustrated embodiments explained. The figures show the coil arrangements required to form the wiggler according to the invention; not shown are the internal structure of the coils in the coil arrangements and means for supporting, cooling and heat shielding the coils. Instructions on the construction of the coils and their auxiliary devices (including those which have just been mentioned) are available in the prior art. The drawings show in detail:
  • Figure 1 is an oblique view of a vertical longitudinal section through a wiggler according to the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a vertical plan view of the coils of the wiggler;
  • Figure 3 is a side view of a particular embodiment of the wiggler according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt, wie zwei Spulenanordnungen aus je einer Innenspule 3 und einer Außenspule 4 einen erfindungsgemäßen Wiggler bilden. Innenspulen 3 und Außenspulen 4 sind jeweils eben und sind parallel ausgerichtet zu einer Mittelebene, welche die Längsachse 1 enthält und senkrecht zur Hochachse 2 ausgerichtet ist. Elementarteilchen, insbesondere Elektronen oder Positronen, die in dem Wiggler Synchrotronstrahlung abgeben sollen, treten in das Magnetfeld des Wigglers entlang der Längsachse 1 ein und verlassen es auch wieder entlang der Längsachse 1. Im Mittelpunkt des Wigglers, dem Schnittpunkt 10 von Längsachse 1 und Hochachse 2, ist das von den Spulen 3, 4 erzeugte Magnetfeld am stärksten. Bei supraleitfähigen Spulen 3, 4 beträgt es typisch 4 Tesla bis 5 Tesla und ist im wesentlichen parallel zur Hochachse 2 ausgerichtet. Die die Spulen 3, 4 durchfließenden Ströme sind in ihren Richtungen und Größen so zu bemessen, daß das Integral des Magnetfeldes entlang der Bahn der den Wiggler durchfliegenden Elementarteilchen, im wesentlichen also entlang der Längsachse 1, im wesentlichen verschwindet. Dies wird erreicht, wenn die Innenspulen 3 gleichsinnig zueinander und die Außenspulen 4 gegensinnig zu den Innenspulen 3 von elektrischen Strömen durchflossen werden. Die Stärken dieser Ströme sind den jeweiligen betrieblichen Anforderungen anzupassen. Jede Innenspule 3 hat eine sogenannte Rennbahn-Form mit zwei geraden Segmenten 7, welche von zwei gebogenen Segmenten 6 (für jede Innenspule 3 ist nur ein solches gebogenes Segment 6 sichtbar) untereinander verbunden sind. Die Außenspulen 4 sind etwa kreisförmig, weshalb sie leicht zu fertigen sind. Darüber hinaus verbleibt bei jeder Spulenanordnung zwichen der jeweiligen Innenspule 3 und der jeweiligen Außenspule 4 relativ viel Platz für mechanische Abstützvorrichtungen, Kühlschilde und dergleichen, weshalb der erfindungsgemäße Wiggler besonders kompakt ausgeführt werden kann. In jeder Spulenanordnung sind die Innenspule 3 und die Außenspule 4 im wesentlichen konzentrisch zueinander ausgerichtet, wobei die Zentren der Spulen 3, 4 auf der Hochachse 2 liegen. Die durch die die Längsachse 1 enthaltende Mittelebene voneinander getrennten Spulenanordnungen sind bezüglich der Mittelebene spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander angeordnet. Vorteilhafterweise erstreckt sich die Spiegelsymmetrie nicht nur auf die äußere Form der Spulen 3, 4, sondern auch auf die in den Spulen 3, 4 fließenden Ströme.FIG. 1 shows how two coil arrangements each of an inner coil 3 and an outer coil 4 form a wiggler according to the invention. Inner coils 3 and outer coils 4 are each flat and are aligned parallel to a central plane, which contains the longitudinal axis 1 and is aligned perpendicular to the vertical axis 2. Elementary particles, in particular electrons or positrons, which are supposed to emit synchrotron radiation in the Wiggler, enter the magnetic field of the Wiggler along the longitudinal axis 1 and also leave it again along the longitudinal axis 1. At the center of the Wiggler, the intersection 10 of the longitudinal axis 1 and the vertical axis 2 , the magnetic field generated by the coils 3, 4 is strongest. In the case of superconducting coils 3, 4, it is typically 4 Tesla to 5 Tesla and is oriented essentially parallel to the vertical axis 2. The currents flowing through the coils 3, 4 are in their To dimension directions and sizes so that the integral of the magnetic field along the path of the elementary particles passing through the Wiggler, essentially along the longitudinal axis 1, essentially disappears. This is achieved when the inner coils 3 flow through in the same direction to one another and the outer coils 4 in the opposite direction to the inner coils 3 by electrical currents. The strengths of these flows have to be adapted to the respective operational requirements. Each inner coil 3 has a so-called racetrack shape with two straight segments 7 which are connected to one another by two curved segments 6 (only one such curved segment 6 is visible for each inner coil 3). The outer coils 4 are approximately circular, which is why they are easy to manufacture. In addition, with each coil arrangement between the respective inner coil 3 and the respective outer coil 4, there is a relatively large amount of space for mechanical support devices, cooling shields and the like, which is why the wiggler according to the invention can be made particularly compact. In each coil arrangement, the inner coil 3 and the outer coil 4 are aligned essentially concentrically to one another, the centers of the coils 3, 4 lying on the vertical axis 2. The coil arrangements separated from one another by the central plane containing the longitudinal axis 1 are arranged mirror-symmetrically to one another with respect to the central plane. The mirror symmetry advantageously extends not only to the outer shape of the coils 3, 4, but also to the currents flowing in the coils 3, 4.

Figur 2 zeigt eine vertikale Draufsicht auf eine Spulenanordnung des erfindungsgemäßen Wigglers. Zu sehen sind eine kreisrunde Außenspule 4, in welcher in konzentrischer Weise eine Rennbahn-förmige Innenspule 3 angeordnet ist.FIG. 2 shows a vertical top view of a coil arrangement of the wiggler according to the invention. A circular outer coil 4 can be seen, in which a raceway-shaped inner coil 3 is arranged in a concentric manner.

Die Längsachse 1 gibt die Richtung der den Wiggler durchfliegenden Elementarteilchen an. Die Innenspule 3 ist gestreckt entlang einer Querachse 5, die wie die Längsachse 1 parallel zur Mittelebene ist. Ein Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Wigglers liegt darin, daß Innenspulen 3 verwendbar sind, die entlang der Querachse 5 nur wenig gestreckt sind; solche Spulen sind mechanisch wesentlich robuster als stark gestreckte Spulen, da eine nur gering gestreckte Gestalt eine gegenüber stark gestreckten Spulen wesentlich bessere Kompensation der parallel zur Mittelebene auftretenden Kräfte zwischen den geraden Segmenten 7 gestattet.The longitudinal axis 1 indicates the direction of the elementary particles passing through the Wiggler. The inner coil 3 is stretched along a transverse axis 5 which, like the longitudinal axis 1, is parallel to the central plane. An advantage of the wiggler according to the invention is that inner coils 3 can be used which are only slightly stretched along the transverse axis 5; such coils are mechanically much more robust than strongly stretched coils, since a slightly stretched shape allows a much better compensation of the forces occurring parallel to the center plane between the straight segments 7 compared to strongly stretched coils.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Wigglers, unter Einbeziehung einer für jedwede Wiggler in Frage kommenden Weiterbildung, ist dargestellt in Figur 3 in einer Draufsicht entlang der Querachse. Zunächst ist jeder Innenspule 3 eine etwa gleichgestaltete Ausgleichsspule 11 zugeordnet, wobei in jeder Spulenanordnung die Innenspule 3 zwischen der durch die Längsachse 1 gegebenen Mittelebene und der jeweiligen zugeordneten Ausgleichsspule 11 liegt. Die Ausgleichsspulen 11 dienen dazu, die magnetischen Kräfte zu kompensieren, die die Innenspulen 3 während des Betriebs aufeinander ausüben. Hierfür müssen die Magnetfelder jeder Innenspule 3 und der zugehörigen Ausgleichsspule 11 parallel zueinander ausgerichtet sein. Durch die zwischen jeder Innenspule 3 und der zugehörigen Ausgleichsspule 11 auftretenden magnetischen Kräfte wird jede Innenspule 3 zu ihrer zugeordneten Ausgleichsspule 11 gezogen; dadurch ist die Kraft zwischen den Innenspulen 3 reduziert, wodurch die mechanische Abstützung der Innenspulen 3 gegeneinander vereinfacht ist. Somit kann auf Abstützmaterial zwischen den Innenspulen 3 verzichtet werden, es sind damit die Innenspulen 3 näher als bisher an die Mittelebene heranzuführen und es ist am Schnittpunkt 10 zwischen Längsachse 1 und Hochachse 2 ein höheres Magnetfeld, entsprechend einer verbesserten Synchrotronstrahlungserzeugung, zu erzielen. Selbstverständlich muß nach wie vor eine gegenseitige mechanische Abstützung der beiden Anordnungen aus Innenspule 3 und Ausgleichsspule 11 vorgesehen werden; diese Abstützvorrichtung muß jedoch nicht unmittelbar zwischen den Innenspulen 3 liegen, sondern sie kann in die zwischen jeder Innenspule 3 und der zugehörigen Ausgleichsspule 11 liegenden Zwischenräume eingreifen und somit auf mehr oder weniger indirektem Wege die Abstützung der Innenspulen 3 gegeneinander realisieren. Ein weiteres besonderes Merkmal der Anordnung nach Figur 3 ist, daß der Abstand 9 zwischen der Außenspule 4 und der durch die Längsachse 1 dargestellten Mittelebene größer ist als der Abstand 8 zwischen der Innenspule 3 und der Mittelebene. Aufgrund des großen Durchmessers der erfindungsgemäßen Außenspule 4 kann diese ohne wesentliche Beeinträchtigung des Magnetfeldes auf der Längsachse 1 weiter von dieser entfernt werden, als dies bei Rennbahn-förmigen Spulen nach Art der Innenspule 3, wie sie in den Wigglern des Standes der Technik ausschließlich Verwendung finden, möglich wäre. Dementsprechend verbleibt bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Wiggler deutlich mehr Platz für Abstützeinrichtungen, Kühlschilde und dergleichen, womit eine wesentliche Verbesserung der Betriebssicherheit zusätzlich zu der erreichbaren Kompaktheit erzielbar ist.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the wiggler according to the invention, including a further development that is suitable for any wiggler, is shown in FIG. 3 in a plan view along the transverse axis. First, each inner coil 3 is assigned an approximately identical compensating coil 11, the inner coil 3 lying in each coil arrangement between the central plane given by the longitudinal axis 1 and the respective assigned compensating coil 11. The compensating coils 11 serve to compensate for the magnetic forces which the inner coils 3 exert on one another during operation. For this purpose, the magnetic fields of each inner coil 3 and the associated compensating coil 11 must be aligned parallel to one another. Due to the magnetic forces occurring between each inner coil 3 and the associated compensating coil 11, each inner coil 3 is drawn to its associated compensating coil 11; this reduces the force between the inner coils 3, which simplifies the mechanical support of the inner coils 3 against one another. Support material between the inner coils 3 can thus be dispensed with, the inner coils 3 can thus be brought closer to the central plane than before and it is on Intersection 10 between the longitudinal axis 1 and vertical axis 2 to achieve a higher magnetic field, corresponding to an improved synchrotron radiation generation. Of course, mutual mechanical support of the two arrangements of inner coil 3 and compensating coil 11 must still be provided; However, this support device does not have to lie directly between the inner coils 3, but it can engage in the spaces between each inner coil 3 and the associated compensating coil 11 and thus realize the support of the inner coils 3 against one another in a more or less indirect way. Another special feature of the arrangement according to FIG. 3 is that the distance 9 between the outer coil 4 and the central plane represented by the longitudinal axis 1 is greater than the distance 8 between the inner coil 3 and the central plane. Due to the large diameter of the outer coil 4 according to the invention, this can be removed further from the longitudinal axis 1 without significantly affecting the magnetic field than this in the case of racetrack-shaped coils of the type of the inner coil 3 as they are used exclusively in the wigglers of the prior art , it is possible. Accordingly, in the Wiggler according to the invention there is significantly more space for support devices, cooling shields and the like, whereby a significant improvement in operational safety can be achieved in addition to the compactness that can be achieved.

Der erfindungsgemäße Wiggler ist mit vergleichsweise geringem Aufwand herstellbar, er erfordert deutlich weniger Platz als ein Wiggler nach dem Stand der Technik, er bietet die Möglichkeit einer bedeutenden Vereinfachung der immerhin notwendigen mechanischen Abstützvorrichtungen und weist eine besonders hohe Betriebssicherheit auf.The wiggler according to the invention can be produced with comparatively little effort, it requires significantly less space than a wiggler according to the prior art, it offers the possibility of a significant simplification of the mechanical support devices which are still necessary and has a particularly high level of operational reliability.

Claims (12)

Wiggler mit einer Längsachse (1) sowie einer diese schneidenden und zu dieser senkrechten Hochachse (2), welcher Wiggler zwei Spulenanordnungen hat, die entlang der Hochachse (2) voneinander beabstandet und bezüglich einer die Längsachse (1) enthaltenden, zur Hochachse (2) senkrechten Mittelebene im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander ausgerichtet sind und deren jede eine Mehrzahl von im wesentlichen ebenen Spulen (3, 4, 11) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jede Spulenanordnung eine bezüglich der Hochachse (2) axialsymmetrische Innenspule (3) und eine bezüglich der Hochachse (2) axialsymmetrische Außenspule (4) aufweist, welche die Innenspule (3) umgibt.Wiggler with a longitudinal axis (1) and a vertical axis (2) intersecting it and perpendicular to it, which Wiggler has two coil arrangements that are spaced apart along the vertical axis (2) and with respect to a vertical axis (2) containing the longitudinal axis (1) vertical center plane are aligned essentially mirror-symmetrically to one another and each of which has a plurality of substantially plane coils (3, 4, 11), characterized in that each coil arrangement has an inner coil (3) which is axially symmetrical with respect to the vertical axis (2) and one with respect to the vertical axis (2) has axially symmetrical outer coil (4) which surrounds the inner coil (3). Wiggler nach Anspruch 1, bei dem jede Außenspule (4) etwa kreissymmetrisch ist.Wiggler according to Claim 1, in which each outer coil (4) is approximately circularly symmetrical. Wiggler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, bei dem jede Innenspule (3) entlang einer Querachse (5), welche senkrecht zur Längsachse (1) und senkrecht zur Hochachse (2) ist, gestreckt ist.Wiggler according to Claim 1 or 2, in which each inner coil (3) is stretched along a transverse axis (5) which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (1) and perpendicular to the vertical axis (2). Wiggler nach Anspruch 3, bei dem jede Innenspule (3) eine Rennbahn-Form hat mit zwei etwa halbkreisförmigen gebogenen Segmenten (6) und zwei geraden Segmenten (7).Wiggler according to Claim 3, in which each inner coil (3) has a racetrack shape with two approximately semicircular curved segments (6) and two straight segments (7). Wiggler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem in jeder Spulenanordnung die Spulen (3, 4) jeweils einen zugehörigen Abstand (8, 9) zu der Mittelebene haben und der Abstand (8) der Innenspule (3) kleiner ist als der Abstand (9) der Außenspule (4).Wiggler according to one of the preceding claims, in which in each coil arrangement the coils (3, 4) each have an associated distance (8, 9) from the central plane and the distance (8) of the inner coil (3) is smaller than the distance (9 ) of the outer coil (4). Wiggler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem in jeder Spulenanordnung zumindest einer Spule (3, 4) eine ebene Ausgleichsspule (11) zugeordnet ist, welche bezüglich der Hochachse (2) im wesentlichen axialsymmetrisch und etwa parallel zu der Mittelebene ausgerichtet ist, wobei die Spule (3, 4) zwischen der Mittelebene und der zugeordneten Ausgleichsspule (11) liegt.Wiggler according to one of the preceding claims, in which in each coil arrangement at least one coil (3, 4) is assigned a flat compensating coil (11) which is oriented essentially axially symmetrically with respect to the vertical axis (2) and approximately parallel to the central plane, the Coil (3, 4) lies between the center plane and the associated compensating coil (11). Wiggler nach Anspruch 6, bei dem in jeder Spulenanordnung der Innenspule (3) eine Ausgleichsspule (11) zugeordnet ist.Wiggler according to Claim 6, in which a compensating coil (11) is associated with the inner coil (3) in each coil arrangement. Wiggler nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in jeder Spulenanordnung zumindest einer Spule (3, 4) eine etwa ebene Ausgleichsspule (11) zugeordnet ist, welche etwa konzentrisch zu der Spule (3, 4) und etwa parallel zu der Mittelebene ausgerichtet ist, wobei die Spule (3, 4) zwischen der Mittelebene und der zugeordneten Ausgleichsspule (11) liegt.Wiggler according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that in each coil arrangement at least one coil (3, 4) is assigned an approximately flat compensating coil (11) which is approximately concentric to the coil (3, 4) and approximately parallel to the central plane is aligned, the coil (3, 4) lying between the center plane and the associated compensating coil (11). Wiggler nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, bei dem jede Ausgleichsspule (11) etwa dieselbe Gestalt aufweist wie die Spule (3, 4), der sie zugeordnet ist.Wiggler according to one of Claims 6 to 8, in which each compensating coil (11) has approximately the same shape as the coil (3, 4) with which it is associated. Wiggler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, bei dem alle Spulen (3, 4, 11) supraleitfähig sind.Wiggler according to one of the preceding claims, in which all coils (3, 4, 11) are superconductive. Wiggler nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, mit welchem an einem Schnittpunkt (10) der Längsachse (1) und der Hochachse (2) ein magnetisches Feld zwischen 2 Tesla und 10 Tesla, insbesondere zwischen 3 Tesla und 6 Tesla, vorzugsweise zwischen 4 Tesla und 5 Tesla, erzeugbar ist.Wiggler according to one of the preceding claims, with which, at an intersection (10) of the longitudinal axis (1) and the vertical axis (2), a magnetic field between 2 Tesla and 10 Tesla, in particular between 3 Tesla and 6 Tesla, preferably between 4 Tesla and 5 Tesla that can be generated. Verwendung eines Wigglers nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche zur Erzeugung von Synchrotronstrahlung mittels eines Strahls von Elementarteilchen, insbesondere Elektronen oder Positronen.Use of a wiggler according to one of the preceding claims for generating synchrotron radiation by means of a beam of elementary particles, in particular electrons or positrons.
EP92111569A 1992-07-08 1992-07-08 Wiggler with concentric coil arrangements Withdrawn EP0577874A1 (en)

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EP92111569A EP0577874A1 (en) 1992-07-08 1992-07-08 Wiggler with concentric coil arrangements
PCT/EP1993/001767 WO1994001983A1 (en) 1992-07-08 1993-07-07 Wiggler with concentric coil arrangement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006056052A1 (en) * 2006-11-28 2008-05-29 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Planar-helical undulator
DE102006056052B4 (en) * 2006-11-28 2009-04-16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Planar-helical undulator
US8134440B2 (en) 2006-11-28 2012-03-13 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Planar-helical undulator

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