EP0570012B2 - Heat insulation for buildings - Google Patents

Heat insulation for buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0570012B2
EP0570012B2 EP19930107911 EP93107911A EP0570012B2 EP 0570012 B2 EP0570012 B2 EP 0570012B2 EP 19930107911 EP19930107911 EP 19930107911 EP 93107911 A EP93107911 A EP 93107911A EP 0570012 B2 EP0570012 B2 EP 0570012B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermal insulation
mass
water
mineral
agents
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Expired - Lifetime
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EP19930107911
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0570012A1 (en
EP0570012B1 (en
Inventor
Rainer Haug
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/18—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing mixtures of the silica-lime type
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/762—Exterior insulation of exterior walls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/25—Graffiti resistance; Graffiti removing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
    • C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/30—Nailable or sawable materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/20—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a containing pores Thermal insulation board by inserting an imaginative Mass of material, the lime binder, silicon dioxide, possibly porous Supplement, possibly additives and water, contains, is made in a mold.
  • a plate is known from EP-A-0 170 801.
  • EP-A-0 069 095 describes a porous thermal insulation board known, their manufacturing starting composition - based on the dry ingredients - 15 to 50% hydraulic binder, 10 to 70% silicate Material, 5 to 30% porous lightweight aggregate, and 0.1 to 0.5% pore-forming agent; the rest is water.
  • the figurative mass is exposed to heat and pressure brought to harden.
  • the light supplement is treated with a water repellent or the imaginative Bulk contains water repellant.
  • FR-A-2 601 404 is a thermal insulation board known, the load-bearing layer made of concrete with a porous aggregate.
  • the thermal insulation board is apart from the water repellent, essentially from calcium silicate hydrate, silicon dioxide, possibly a porous aggregate and possibly additives.
  • the calcium silicate hydrate component is preferably based on the presence of slaked lime, Silicon dioxide and water in the manufacturing raw material. But you can also with a share quicklime work during production is hydrated by water absorption.
  • the silicon dioxide component the thermal insulation board according to the invention preferably consists essentially of Quartz sand and / or amorphous silica.
  • the preferably inherently stable thermal insulation board is not only for external thermal insulation can be used for other thermal insulation tasks in buildings, z. B. for the internal insulation of external walls, for thermal insulation of partitions and the thermal insulation infill of half-timbered buildings. Furthermore, the thermal insulation board according to the invention for the outside or the inside Use thermal insulation of roofs or sloping ceilings.
  • the thermal insulation boards according to the invention consist of mineral material, which besides good thermal insulation, the advantages in particular good processability and incombustibility with itself brings.
  • thermal insulation boards foamed plastic, especially foamed Polystyrene or foamed polyurethane are the Thermal insulation boards according to the invention from a fire protection point of view cheaper because in the event of fire do not produce toxic gases and do not melt run off the wall.
  • thermal insulation boards according to the invention - measured by the same thermal insulation capacity - Are heavier than thermal insulation foamed plastic or fiber material also an advantage in terms of building physics because of this the total heat storage capacity of the building wall increases.
  • the thermal insulation boards can be without problems, analogous to wood, sawing, milling, nailing, dowel, screw.
  • the thermal insulation boards preferably have a specific weight of less than 250 kg / m 3 .
  • a specific gravity of less than 220 kg / m 3 is more preferred, and more preferably less than 200 kg / m 3 . Compliance with the specified upper limits of the specific weight is mainly controlled by the volume fraction of the pores contained.
  • the thermal insulation boards a thermal conductivity reading below 0.050 W / mK.
  • a thermal conductivity measurement is particularly preferred below 0.045 W / mK, especially below 0.040 W / mK.
  • the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation boards depends primarily on the contained Pores, specifically from the volume fraction that the Take pores in the thermal insulation panels, and the Size as well as the distribution of the pores. above the term "thermal conductivity measurement" was used, to make it clear that these are a dry thermal insulation panel sample Thermal conductivity is concerned.
  • a particularly preferred way to Creation of pores in the thermal insulation panels is that in the wet manufacturing raw material contained water during hardening evaporates. This leads to fine, evenly distributed pores.
  • Another preferred Possibility of alternatively or in combination with the just described possibility be used can, is that already in the manufacturing raw material with the help of a pore-forming agent Pores are formed, which are then in the finished thermal insulation panels are included.
  • Particularly suitable Pore-forming agents are surfactants, aluminum powder and Peroxotheticen.
  • Porous aggregates are particularly suitable individually or in combination: pumice, expanded perlite, Expanded clay, expanded mica, expanded glass, foamed polystyrene. It should be noted that the described Possibilities for introducing pores into the thermal insulation panels individually or in any combination can be used.
  • water repellant should the finished thermal insulation boards water-repellent Give properties, the thermal insulation boards but still remain permeable to water vapor should.
  • Particularly suitable water repellants are the following remedies individually or in combination: Stearates, oleates, palmitates, laurates, behenates, silicones. In connection with the stearates are zinc stearate and aluminum stearate.
  • the thermal insulation board according to the invention can be manufactured and used as a large format plate, especially in a size of more than 1 m x 0.4 m z. B. in the format 1.25 mx 0.5 m.
  • the preferred The range of the thickness of the thermal insulation board is 20 to 100 mm, the thickness range from 30 to 50 mm particularly is preferred.
  • Another object of the invention is a Thermal insulation for buildings, characterized in that she attached several side by side, thermal insulation boards according to the invention having.
  • a preferred thermal insulation in addition characterized by at least one layer of plaster that either immediately or at least in the presence an intermediate layer on the outside on the thermal insulation boards is applied, the plaster layer a mineral plaster material, the one Pore-forming agent and / or a porous aggregate and contains a water repellent.
  • the plaster layer consists of a special Plastering material, which the thermal insulation boards capillary waterproof. That way ensured that the thermal insulation panels that yes because of their porous structure for water absorption tend (which increases the thermal conductivity would significantly increase), reliably kept dry become. Overall, however, the thermal insulation, especially because of the porous structure of the thermal insulation panels and the plaster layer, water vapor diffusible. Since the insulation boards due to their Material structure inherently stable and mechanically resilient are, even local, external pressure stress on the plaster layer does not cause deformation of the thermal insulation and resulting plaster layer damage.
  • the thermal insulation boards are preferred by means of adhesive mortar and / or by means of mechanical Holding elements, such as screwed into wall dowels Stainless steel screws or together with a dowel hammered stainless steel nails on the building wall attached. It is understood that the thermal insulation boards close to each other, practically avoiding of joints, attached to a building wall. The dimensional accuracy and the To facilitate the dimensional stability of the thermal insulation boards this target very much.
  • the thermal insulation panels are practical form joint-free cladding of the building and do not work when the temperature changes and therefore one It can form the ideal basis for the plaster layer case by case (e.g. building area with the risk of Underground subsidence; old buildings made after the fact be provided with thermal insulation) cheap be between the thermal insulation boards and the plaster layer a reinforcing fabric embedded in filler provided. This represents the permanent The plaster layer is free of cracks.
  • the reinforcement network can conveniently be made of glass silk, with plastic coated glass silk or plastic with glass fiber content consist.
  • the adhesive mortar and / or the filler can be a pore-forming agent and / or a porous aggregate and / or a water repellent contain. These materials are used for enhancement the thermal insulation ability of the invention Total insulation and securing the Kapillarwasserdense. The further from related addressed with the thermal insulation panels, preferred pore-forming agent, porous Surcharges and water repellants are also for that Plaster layer material, the adhesive mortar and the filler prefers.
  • the cleaning material and / or the adhesive mortar and / or the filler can be added with a fiber, preferably as cellulose fibers, glass fibers or polymer fibers.
  • cellulose fibers especially improve the suppleness of the Cleaning material or adhesive mortar or filler in processing while the others fibers mentioned in particular the crack resistance the plaster layer or adhesive mortar or filler increase permanently.
  • the Plaster layer contains such a fiber additive a reinforcing mesh embedded in filler be dispensable.
  • the plaster layer according to the invention can be colored. Additionally or alternatively you can go to the insulation is coated on the outside Provide silicone paint. This coating improves the Capillary watertightness of thermal insulation without to significantly impair their vapor diffusion ability.
  • the cleaning material preferably has the following Dry starting composition: 15-28 mass% hydraulic binder, preferably cement, 72-85 Mass% mineral surcharge and possibly mineral Filler, preferably quartz sand and / or Quartz flour and / or pumice and / or rock sand and / or rock flour, 0-2 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Haftverbes mecanicsstoff.
  • 15-28 mass% hydraulic binder preferably cement, 72-85 Mass% mineral surcharge and possibly mineral Filler, preferably quartz sand and / or Quartz flour and / or pumice and / or rock sand and / or rock flour, 0-2 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Haftverbes mecanicsstoff.
  • the adhesive mortar preferably has following dry starting composition: 15-28% by mass of hydraulic binder, preferably Cement, 72-85 mass% mineral aggregate and possibly mineral filler, preferably quartz sand and / or quartz powder and / or rock sand and / or rock flour, 0-5 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Adhesion promoters.
  • hydraulic binder preferably Cement, 72-85 mass% mineral aggregate and possibly mineral filler, preferably quartz sand and / or quartz powder and / or rock sand and / or rock flour, 0-5 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Adhesion promoters.
  • the filler preferably has following dry starting composition: 15-28 mass% binder, preferably Cement and / or building lime, 72-85 mass% mineral Surcharge and, if necessary, mineral filler, preferably Quartz sand and / or quartz powder and / or Pumice and / or stone sand and / or stone powder and / or expanded pearlite, 0-2 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Adhesion promoters.
  • Water retention agent comes in particular cellulose ether into consideration; it prevents water from the layer of thermal insulation just applied excessive in the position of the thermal insulation below is sucked.
  • adhesion improver come in particular Plastic dispersion powder into consideration.
  • a preferred way of making the thermal insulation boards according to the invention consists in that the dry ingredients are mixed with water be that the resulting, sculptural mass of material in an open, frame-like, mostly rectangular Form is filled and peeled off at the top, and that then the form content - typically in one Autoclaves - under the influence of heat and pressure Hardening is brought. Technically particularly cheap this can be done in that in the autoclave Heating water vapor by evaporation of Water generated from the mass of material and / or Steam is fed to autoclaves. This poses increased pressure in the autoclave. typical Temperatures when the thermal insulation boards harden are up to 400 ° C.
  • FIG. 1 An outer wall 2 of a building is shown schematically on the left in FIG. 1 .
  • the outer wall 2 is bricked for example from bricks or gas concrete blocks or consists of concrete. It is thicker to the left than the detail in FIG. 1 shows and continues up and down.
  • Fig. 1 on the right of the outside of the wall 2 a multi-layer thermal insulation 4 is applied.
  • thermal insulation panels 6 which are side by side and one above the other with the smallest possible joints 8 the wall 2 are attached.
  • the attachment is by means of an adhesive mortar 10 takes place.
  • thermal insulation boards 6 attached by means of screws 12, which in Dowels 14 are screwed into the corresponding Hole holes in the wall 2 are used. alternative you can work with nails that work with hammered into a wall hole become. It is understood that under the screw or Nail head sits a large-area disc.
  • a leveling compound layer 16 with reinforcement mesh 18 embedded therein On the outside on the arrangement of the thermal insulation panels 6 is a leveling compound layer 16 with reinforcement mesh 18 embedded therein.
  • the procedure is such that one first a first layer of filler on the thermal insulation boards 6, then the reinforcement net spanned, and finally a second layer Putty is applied, so that the reinforcement network 18 is embedded in the filler 16.
  • a plaster layer 20 is applied, preferably by using fresh mortar sprayed on a cleaning machine. Outside on the plaster layer 20, a color layer 22 made of silicone paint is applied.
  • the thermal insulation panels 6, the plaster layer 20, the adhesive mortar 10 and the filler 16 have a composition as detailed above has been described.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates what a thermal insulation board 6 with pores 24, which is finely distributed everywhere, looks like, which results in particular from the formation of pores by water vapor formation and / or by using a pore-forming agent.
  • Fig. 3 the appearance of a thermal insulation panel 6 is drawn, as it results if a porous aggregate remaining in the panel 6 during manufacture is used.
  • Particles 26, for example made of expanded perlite, which are inherently porous are indicated in the drawing.
  • the pearlite particles 26 make up a considerable volume fraction of the thermal insulation panel 6.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates what a thermal insulation board 6 looks like when both pores 24 distributed throughout the material and particles 26 made of intrinsically porous aggregate are present.
  • Fig. 1 it is indicated that the adhesive mortar 10 and the material of the plaster layer 20 each contain fibers 28. In addition, it is indicated by dotting 30 that the adhesive mortar 10, the filler 16 and the material of the plaster layer 20 each contain a pore formation additive. It is pointed out again that the fibers 28 and the reinforcement net 18 and the filler layer 16 are unnecessary in many cases.
  • the pores in the thermal insulation boards 6 are of the greatest importance, the pores in the plaster layer 20 are of the second greatest importance and the pores in the adhesive mortar 10 and in the filler 16 are of relatively minor importance.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

Heat insulation (4) for buildings, characterised (a) by heat insulation panels (6) which are fitted side by side to the outside of a building wall (2), are self-supporting and contain pores, (b) and which essentially consist of calcium silicate hydrate, silica and, if appropriate, a porous aggregate; (c) and by at least one render layer (20) which is applied to the outside of the heat insulation panels (6) either directly or with the presence of at least one interlayer (16; 18), (d) the render layer (20) consisting of a mineral render material which contains a pore-forming agent and/or a porous additive and also a water repellent. Heat insulation panel for this heat insulation. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Poren enthaltende Wärmedämmplatte, die durch Einbringen einer bildsamen Materialmasse, die Kalkbindemittel, Siliciumdioxid, ggf. porösen Zuschlag, ggf. Zusätze und Wasser, enthält, in eine Form hergestellt ist. Eine derartige Platte ist aus der EP-A-0 170 801 bekannt.The invention relates to a containing pores Thermal insulation board by inserting an imaginative Mass of material, the lime binder, silicon dioxide, possibly porous Supplement, possibly additives and water, contains, is made in a mold. Such a plate is known from EP-A-0 170 801.

Konkret wird in der EP-A-0 170 801 beschrieben, daß die Herstellung von feuerbeständigen, maßgenauen Calciumsilikat-Formteilen folgendermaßen erfolgt: Man dispergiert Calciumhydroxid und eine Kieselsäure liefernde Verbindung im Molverhältnis Ca(OH)2 zu SiO2 von 1:1 1 bis 1:1,5 in Wasser und setzt diese Mischung in einem Autoklaven um und erzeugt dadurch ein Xonotlit-Gel; danach wird das Xonotlit-Gel mit Perlit und ggf. mit die Festigkeit erhöhenden Zuschlagsstoffen vermischt, in Plattenform gepreßt, getrocknet und ggf. getempert.Specifically, it is described in EP-A-0 170 801 that the production of fire-resistant, dimensionally accurate calcium silicate moldings is carried out as follows: Calcium hydroxide and a compound providing silica are dispersed in a molar ratio Ca (OH) 2 to SiO 2 of 1: 1 1 to 1: 1.5 in water and converts this mixture in an autoclave and thereby creates a xonotlite gel; the xonotlite gel is then mixed with pearlite and possibly with strength-increasing additives, pressed in plate form, dried and optionally tempered.

Demgegenüber ist die erfindungsgemäße Wärmedämmplatte dadurch gekennzeichnet,

  • (a) daß die bildsame Materialmasse folgende Herstellungsausgangszusammensetzung hat:
  • 15 bis 25 Masse - % Kalkbindemittel, bereitgestellt durch gelöschten Kalk und/oder gebrannten Kalk,
  • 50 bis 70 Masse - % Siliciumdioxid,
  • 0 bis 10 Masse - % poröser Zuschlag,
  • 0 bis 2 Masse - % Zusätze,
  • Rest Wasser;
  • (b) daß die bildsame Materialmasse ohne Zwischenstufe in die Form eingebracht und unter Wärme- und Druckeinwirkung zum Erhärten gebracht worden ist;
  • (c) und daß die Wärmedämmplatte entweder ein in der bildsamen Materialmasse enthaltenes Wasserabweismittel und/oder ein oberflächenseitig aufgebrachtes Wasserabweismittel aufweist.
    • In contrast, the thermal insulation board according to the invention is characterized in that
  • (a) that the figurative mass of material has the following starting composition:
  • 15 to 25% by mass of lime binder provided by slaked lime and / or quicklime,
  • 50 to 70 mass -% silicon dioxide,
  • 0 to 10 mass -% porous aggregate,
  • 0 to 2 mass -% additives,
  • Rest of water;
  • (b) that the imageable mass of material has been introduced into the mold without an intermediate stage and has been hardened under the action of heat and pressure;
  • (c) and that the thermal insulation board has either a water repellent contained in the flexible material mass and / or a water repellent applied to the surface.

    • Aus der EP-A-0 069 095 ist eine poröse Wärmedämmplatte bekannt, deren Herstellungsausgangszusammensetzung - bezogen auf die trockenen Bestandteile - 15 bis 50% hydraulisches Bindemittel, 10 bis 70% silikatisches Material, 5 bis 30% poröser Leichtzuschlag, und 0,1 bis 0,5% Porenbildungsmittel ist; der Rest ist Wasser. Die bildsame Masse wird unter Wärme- und Druckeinwirkung zum Erhärten gebracht. Der Leichtzuschlag ist mit einem Wasserabweismittel behandelt oder die bildsame Masse enthält Wasserabweismittel.EP-A-0 069 095 describes a porous thermal insulation board known, their manufacturing starting composition - based on the dry ingredients - 15 to 50% hydraulic binder, 10 to 70% silicate Material, 5 to 30% porous lightweight aggregate, and 0.1 to 0.5% pore-forming agent; the rest is water. The figurative mass is exposed to heat and pressure brought to harden. The light supplement is treated with a water repellent or the imaginative Bulk contains water repellant.

    Aus der FR-A-2 601 404 ist eine Wärmedämmplatte bekannt, deren tragende Schicht aus Beton mit einem porösen Zuschlag besteht.FR-A-2 601 404 is a thermal insulation board known, the load-bearing layer made of concrete with a porous aggregate.

    Alternativ ausgedrückt besteht die Wärmedämmplatte, abgesehen von dem Wasserabweismittel, im wesentlichen aus Calciumsilikathydrat, Siliciumdioxid, ggf. einem porösen Zuschlag und ggf. Zusätzen. Der Calciumsilikathydrat-Bestandteil beruht vorzugsweise auf dem Vorhandensein von gelöschtem Kalk, Siliciumdioxid und Wasser im Herstellungs-Ausgangsmaterial. Man kann aber auch mit einem Anteil gebranntem Kalk arbeiten, der während der Herstellung durch Wasseraufnahme hydratisiert wird. Der Siliciumdioxid-Bestandteil der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmplatte besteht vorzugsweise im wesentlichen aus Quarzsand und/oder amorpher Kieselsäure.Alternatively, the thermal insulation board is apart from the water repellent, essentially from calcium silicate hydrate, silicon dioxide, possibly a porous aggregate and possibly additives. The calcium silicate hydrate component is preferably based on the presence of slaked lime, Silicon dioxide and water in the manufacturing raw material. But you can also with a share quicklime work during production is hydrated by water absorption. The silicon dioxide component the thermal insulation board according to the invention preferably consists essentially of Quartz sand and / or amorphous silica.

    Als die im Patentanspruch 1 angesprochenen Zusätze kommen in erster Linie das im Patentanspruch 1, Merkmal (c) angegeben Wasserabweismittel und/oder das nachfolgend noch zu erläuternde Porenbildungsmittel in Betracht. Wenn man mit oberflächenseitig aufgebrachtem Wasserabweismittel arbeitet, kann man die Wärmedämmplatten an ihren Oberflächen an der Baustelle z. B. durch Anstreichen oder Aufsprühen mit einem Wasserabweismittel versehen.As those mentioned in claim 1 Additions come primarily in the claim 1, feature (c) indicated water repellent and / or the pore-forming agent to be explained below into consideration. If you look at the surface applied water repellent works, you can see the thermal insulation panels on their surfaces at the construction site z. B. by painting or spraying provided with a water repellent.

    Die vorzugsweise eigenstabile Wärmedämmplatte ist außer für Außenwärmedämmung auch für andere Wärmedämmaufgaben in Gebäuden einsetzbar, z. B. für die Innenwärmedämmung von Außenwänden, für die Wärmedämmung von Zwischenwänden und das wärmedämmende Ausfachen von Fachwerkgebäuden. Ferner läßt sich die erfindungsgemäße Wärmedämmplatte für das äußere oder das innere Wärmedämmen von Dächern bzw. Dachschrägen einsetzen.The preferably inherently stable thermal insulation board is not only for external thermal insulation can be used for other thermal insulation tasks in buildings, z. B. for the internal insulation of external walls, for thermal insulation of partitions and the thermal insulation infill of half-timbered buildings. Furthermore, the thermal insulation board according to the invention for the outside or the inside Use thermal insulation of roofs or sloping ceilings.

    Die erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmplatten bestehen aus mineralischem Material, welches außer gute Wärmedämmung insbesondere die Vorteile guter Verarbeitbarkeit und Unbrennbarkeit mit sich bringt. Im Vergleich zu Wärmedämmplatten aus geschäumtem Kunststoff, insbesondere aus geschäumtem Polystyrol oder geschäumtem Polyurethan, sind die erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmplatten unter Feuerschutzgesichtspunkten günstiger, weil sie im Brandfall keine giftigen Gase erzeugen und nicht schmelzend von der Wand ablaufen. Daß die erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmplatten - gemessen an gleicher Wärmedämmfähigkeit - schwerer sind als Wärmedämmungen aus geschäumtem Kunststoff oder aus Fasermaterial, stellt auch bauphysikalisch einen Vorteil dar, weil hierdurch das Wärmespeichervermögen der Gebäudewand insgesamt zunimmt. Die Wärmedämmplatten lassen sich problemlos, analog zu Holz, sägen, fräsen, nageln, dübeln, schrauben. Ihre Feuerbeständigkeit fällt in die Baustoffklasse A2 (DIN 4102), sie sind afterungsbeständig, verrottungsfest und umfassend umweltfreundlich, da sie aus natürlichen Materialien bestehen. Ferner sind die Wärmedämmplatten maßbeständig, da sie nicht schwinden oder schrumpfen, wodurch eine auf Dauer praktisch fugenlose Wärmedämmung gewährleistet ist.The thermal insulation boards according to the invention consist of mineral material, which besides good thermal insulation, the advantages in particular good processability and incombustibility with itself brings. Compared to thermal insulation boards foamed plastic, especially foamed Polystyrene or foamed polyurethane, are the Thermal insulation boards according to the invention from a fire protection point of view cheaper because in the event of fire do not produce toxic gases and do not melt run off the wall. That the thermal insulation boards according to the invention - measured by the same thermal insulation capacity - Are heavier than thermal insulation foamed plastic or fiber material also an advantage in terms of building physics because of this the total heat storage capacity of the building wall increases. The thermal insulation boards can be without problems, analogous to wood, sawing, milling, nailing, dowel, screw. Their fire resistance falls into that Building material class A2 (DIN 4102), they are resistant to chewing, rot-proof and completely environmentally friendly, because they are made of natural materials. Furthermore, the thermal insulation panels are dimensionally stable because they don't shrink or shrink, causing one to open Duration of practically seamless thermal insulation guaranteed is.

    Zur Erreichung eines möglichst guten Wärmedämmungsvermögens, aber auch einer guten Handhabbarkeit, weisen die Wärmedämmplatten vorzugsweise ein spezifisches Gewicht unter 250 kg/m3 auf. Stärker bevorzugt ist ein spezifisches Gewicht unter 220 kg/m3, noch stärker bevorzugt unter 200 kg/m3. Die Einhaltung der genannten Obergrenzen des spezifischen Gewichts wird hauptsächlich durch den Volumenanteil der enthaltenen Poren gesteuert.In order to achieve the best possible thermal insulation capacity, but also good manageability, the thermal insulation boards preferably have a specific weight of less than 250 kg / m 3 . A specific gravity of less than 220 kg / m 3 is more preferred, and more preferably less than 200 kg / m 3 . Compliance with the specified upper limits of the specific weight is mainly controlled by the volume fraction of the pores contained.

    Vorzugsweise haben die Wärmedämmplatten einen Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmeßwert unter 0,050 W/mK. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmeßwert unter 0,045 W/mK, ganz besonders unter 0,040 W/mK. Auch die Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Wärmedämmplatten hängt in erster Linie von den enthaltenen Poren ab, konkret von dem Volumenanteil, den die Poren in den Wärmedämmplatten einnehmen, und der Größe sowie der Verteilung der Poren. Vorstehend wurde der Begriff "Wärmeleitfähigkeitsmeßwert" verwendet, um zu verdeutlichen, daß es sich um die an einer trockenen Wärmedämmplattenprobe gemessene Wärmeleitfähigkeit handelt.Preferably, the thermal insulation boards a thermal conductivity reading below 0.050 W / mK. A thermal conductivity measurement is particularly preferred below 0.045 W / mK, especially below 0.040 W / mK. Also the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation boards depends primarily on the contained Pores, specifically from the volume fraction that the Take pores in the thermal insulation panels, and the Size as well as the distribution of the pores. above the term "thermal conductivity measurement" was used, to make it clear that these are a dry thermal insulation panel sample Thermal conductivity is concerned.

    Eine besonders bevorzugte Möglichkeit zum Erzeugen von Poren in den Wärmedämmplatten besteht darin, daß man im nassen Herstellungsausgangsmaterial enthaltenes Wasser während des Erhärtens zum Verdampfen bringt. Dies führt zu feinen, gleichmäßig verteilten Poren. Eine weitere bevorzugte Möglichkeit, die alternativ oder in Kombination mit der soeben geschilderten Möglichkeit eingesetzt werden kann, besteht darin, daß bereits im Herstellungsausgangsmaterial mit Hilfe eines Porenbildungsmittels Poren gebildet werden, die dann in den fertigen Wärmedämmplatten enthalten sind. Besonders geeignete Porenbildungsmittel sind Tenside, Aluminiumpulver und Peroxoverbindungen.A particularly preferred way to Creation of pores in the thermal insulation panels is that in the wet manufacturing raw material contained water during hardening evaporates. This leads to fine, evenly distributed pores. Another preferred Possibility of alternatively or in combination with the just described possibility be used can, is that already in the manufacturing raw material with the help of a pore-forming agent Pores are formed, which are then in the finished thermal insulation panels are included. Particularly suitable Pore-forming agents are surfactants, aluminum powder and Peroxoverbindungen.

    Ferner ist es möglich, dadurch Poren in die Wärmedämmplatten einzubringen, daß man in dem Herstellungsausgangsmaterial einen porösen Zuschlag vorsieht. Besonders geeignete poröse Zuschläge sind einzeln oder in Kombination: Bims, geblähtes Perlit, Blähton, Blähglimmer, Blähglas, geschäumtes Polystyrol. Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß die beschriebenen Möglichkeiten zum Einbringen von Poren in die Wärmedämmplatten jeweils für sich oder in beliebigen Kombinationen eingesetzt werden können.It is also possible to thereby create pores in the Bring thermal insulation panels that one in the Manufacturing raw material a porous aggregate provides. Porous aggregates are particularly suitable individually or in combination: pumice, expanded perlite, Expanded clay, expanded mica, expanded glass, foamed polystyrene. It should be noted that the described Possibilities for introducing pores into the thermal insulation panels individually or in any combination can be used.

    Im Herstellungsausgangsmaterial der Wärmedämmplatten vorhandenes Wasserabweismittel soll den fertigen Wärmedämmplatten wasserabweisende Eigenschaften verleihen, wobei die Wärmedämmplatten aber nach wie vor wasserdampfdurchlässig bleiben sollen. Besonders geeignete Wasserabweismittel sind die folgenden Mittel einzeln oder in Kombination: Stearate, Oleate, Palmitate, Laurate, Behenate, Silikone. Im Zusammenhang mit den Stearaten seien Zinkstearat und Aluminiumstearat besonders genannt.In the manufacturing base material of the thermal insulation panels existing water repellant should the finished thermal insulation boards water-repellent Give properties, the thermal insulation boards but still remain permeable to water vapor should. Particularly suitable water repellants are the following remedies individually or in combination: Stearates, oleates, palmitates, laurates, behenates, silicones. In connection with the stearates are zinc stearate and aluminum stearate.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Wärmedämmplatte läßt sich als großformatige Platte fertigen und einsetzen, insbesondere in einer Größe von mehr als 1 m x 0,4 m z. B. im Format 1,25 m x 0,5 m. Der bevorzugte Bereich der Dicke der Wärmedämmplatte ist 20 bis 100 mm, wobei der Dickenbereich von 30 bis 50 mm besonders bevorzugt ist.The thermal insulation board according to the invention can be manufactured and used as a large format plate, especially in a size of more than 1 m x 0.4 m z. B. in the format 1.25 mx 0.5 m. The preferred The range of the thickness of the thermal insulation board is 20 to 100 mm, the thickness range from 30 to 50 mm particularly is preferred.

    Weiterer Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Wärmedämmung für Gebäude, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie mehrere nebeneinander an angebrachte, erfindungsgemäße Wärmedämmplatten aufweist.Another object of the invention is a Thermal insulation for buildings, characterized in that she attached several side by side, thermal insulation boards according to the invention having.

    Im Fall einer außenseitigen Wärmedämmung ist eine bevorzugte Wärmedämmung zusätzlich gekennzeichnet durch mindestens eine Putzschicht, die entweder unmittelbar oder unter Vorhandensein mindestens einer Zwischenlage außenseitig auf die Wärmedämmplatten aufgebracht ist, wobei die Putzschicht aus einem mineralischen Putzmaterial besteht, das ein Porenbildungsmittel und/oder einen porösen Zuschlag sowie ein Wasserabweismittel enthält.In the case of external insulation is a preferred thermal insulation in addition characterized by at least one layer of plaster that either immediately or at least in the presence an intermediate layer on the outside on the thermal insulation boards is applied, the plaster layer a mineral plaster material, the one Pore-forming agent and / or a porous aggregate and contains a water repellent.

    Die Putzschicht besteht aus einem speziellen Putzmaterial, welches die Wärmedämmplatten kapillarwasserdicht abschließt. Auf diese Weise ist sichergestellt, daß die Wärmedämmplatten, die ja an sich wegen ihres porösen Aufbaus zur Wasseraufnahme neigen (wodurch sich die Wärmeleitfähigkeit erheblich vergrößern würde), zuverlässig trocken gehalten werden. Insgesamt ist jedoch die Wärmedämmung, insbesondere wegen des porösen Aufbaus der Wärmedämmplatten und der Putzschicht, wasserdampfdiffüsionsfähig. Da die Dämmplatten aufgrund ihres Materialaufbaus eigenstabil und mechanisch belastbar sind, führt selbst lokale, äußere Druckbeanspruchung auf die Putzschicht nicht zu einer Deformation der Wärmedämmung und daraus resultierender Putzschichtbeschädigung.The plaster layer consists of a special Plastering material, which the thermal insulation boards capillary waterproof. That way ensured that the thermal insulation panels that yes because of their porous structure for water absorption tend (which increases the thermal conductivity would significantly increase), reliably kept dry become. Overall, however, the thermal insulation, especially because of the porous structure of the thermal insulation panels and the plaster layer, water vapor diffusible. Since the insulation boards due to their Material structure inherently stable and mechanically resilient are, even local, external pressure stress on the plaster layer does not cause deformation of the thermal insulation and resulting plaster layer damage.

    Die Wärmedämmplatten werden vorzugsweise mittels Klebemörtel und/oder mittels mechanischer Halteelemente, wie in Wanddübel eingeschraubte Edelstahlschrauben oder gemeinsam mit einem Dübel eingeschlagene Edelstahlnägel, an der Gebäudewand befestigt. Es versteht sich, daß die Wärmedämmplatten dicht an dicht nebeneinander, praktisch unter Vermeidung von Fugen, an einer Gebäudewand befestigt werden. Die maßgenaue Herstellbarkeit und die Formbeständigkeit der Wärmedämmplatten erleichtern diese Zielvorgabe sehr.The thermal insulation boards are preferred by means of adhesive mortar and / or by means of mechanical Holding elements, such as screwed into wall dowels Stainless steel screws or together with a dowel hammered stainless steel nails on the building wall attached. It is understood that the thermal insulation boards close to each other, practically avoiding of joints, attached to a building wall. The dimensional accuracy and the To facilitate the dimensional stability of the thermal insulation boards this target very much.

    Obwohl die Wärmedämmplatten eine praktisch fügenfreie Verkleidung des Gebäudes bilden und bei Temperaturänderung nicht arbeiten und daher eine ideale Grundlage für die Putzschicht bilden, kann es von Fall zu Fall (z. B. Baugebiet mit der Gefahr von Untergrundabsenkungen; alte Gebäude, die nachträglich mit Wärmedämmung versehen werden) günstig sein, zwischen den Wärmedämmplatten und der Putzschicht ein in Spachtelmasse eingebettetes Armierungsgewebe vorzusehen. Dies stellt die dauerhafte Rißfreiheit der Putzschicht sicher. Das Armierungsnetz kann günstigerweise aus Glasseide, mit Kunststoff umhüllter Glasseide oder Kunststoff mit Glasfasergehalt bestehen.Although the thermal insulation panels are practical form joint-free cladding of the building and do not work when the temperature changes and therefore one It can form the ideal basis for the plaster layer case by case (e.g. building area with the risk of Underground subsidence; old buildings made after the fact be provided with thermal insulation) cheap be between the thermal insulation boards and the plaster layer a reinforcing fabric embedded in filler provided. This represents the permanent The plaster layer is free of cracks. The reinforcement network can conveniently be made of glass silk, with plastic coated glass silk or plastic with glass fiber content consist.

    Auch der Klebemörtel und/oder die Spachtelmasse können ein Porenbildungsmittel und/oder einen porösen Zuschlag und/oder ein Wasserabweismittel enthalten. Diese Materialien dienen der Erhöhung der Wärmedämmfähigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmung insgesamt und der Sicherung der Kapillarwasserdichtigkeit. Die weiter vom im Zusammenhang mit den Wärmedämmplatten angesprochenen, bevorzugten Porenbildungsmittel, porösen Zuschläge und Wasserabweismittel sind auch für das Putzschichtmaterial, den Klebemörtel und die Spachtelmasse bevorzugt. Also the adhesive mortar and / or the filler can be a pore-forming agent and / or a porous aggregate and / or a water repellent contain. These materials are used for enhancement the thermal insulation ability of the invention Total insulation and securing the Kapillarwasserdichtigkeit. The further from related addressed with the thermal insulation panels, preferred pore-forming agent, porous Surcharges and water repellants are also for that Plaster layer material, the adhesive mortar and the filler prefers.

    Das Putzmaterial und/oder der Klebemörtel und/oder die Spachtelmasse können mit einem Faserzusatz, vorzugsweise als Zellulosefasern, Glasfasern oder Polymerfasern, versehen sein. Zellulosefasern verbessern insbesondere die Geschmeidigkeit des Putzmaterials bzw. des Klebemörtels bzw. der Spachtelmasse bei der Verarbeitung, während die anderen genannten Fasern insbesondere die Rißbeständigkiet der Putzschicht bzw. des Klebemörtels bzw. der Spachtelmasse auf Dauer erhöhen. Insbesondere wenn die Putzschicht einen derartigen Faserzusatz enthält, kann ein in Spachtelmasse eingebettetes Armierungsnetz entbehrlich sein.The cleaning material and / or the adhesive mortar and / or the filler can be added with a fiber, preferably as cellulose fibers, glass fibers or polymer fibers. cellulose fibers especially improve the suppleness of the Cleaning material or adhesive mortar or filler in processing while the others fibers mentioned in particular the crack resistance the plaster layer or adhesive mortar or filler increase permanently. Especially when the Plaster layer contains such a fiber additive a reinforcing mesh embedded in filler be dispensable.

    Die erfindungsgemäße Putzschicht kann gefärbt sein. Zusätzlich oder alternativ kann man auf die Wärmedämmung außenseitig einen Anstrich aus Silikonfarbe vorsehen. Dieser Anstrich verbessert die Kapillar-Wasserdichtigkeit der Wärmedämmung, ohne deren Dampfdiffusionsfähigkeit signifikant zu beeinträchtigen.The plaster layer according to the invention can be colored. Additionally or alternatively you can go to the insulation is coated on the outside Provide silicone paint. This coating improves the Capillary watertightness of thermal insulation without to significantly impair their vapor diffusion ability.

    Das Putzmateril hat vorzugsweise folgende Trockenausgangszusammensetzung: 15-28 Masse-% hydraulisches Bindemittel, vorzugsweise Zement, 72-85 Masse-% mineralischer Zuschlag und ggf. mineralischer Füllstoff, vorzugsweise Quarzsand und/oder Quarzmehl und/oder Bims und/oder Gesteinssand und/oder Gesteinsmehl, 0-2 Masse-% Zusätze, vorzugsweise Porenbildungsmittel und/oder Wasserabweismittel und/oder Wasserrückhaltemittel und/oder Haftverbeserungsmittel. Der Klebemörtel hat vorzugsweise folgende Trockenausgangszusammensetzung: 15-28 Masse- % hyraulisches Bindemittel, vorzugsweise Zement, 72-85 Masse-% mineralischer Zuschlag und ggf. mineralischer Füllstoff, vorzugweise Quarzsand und/oder Quarzmehl und/oder Gesteinssand und/oder Gesteinsmehl, 0-5 Masse-% Zusätze, vorzugsweise Porenbildungsmittel und/oder Wasserabweismittef und/oder Wasserrückhaltemittel und/oder Haftverbesserungsmittel. Die Spachtelmasse hat vorzugsweise folgende Trockenausgangszusammensetzung: 15-28 Masse-% Bindemittel, vorzugsweise Zement und/oder Baukalk, 72-85 Masse-% mineralischer Zuschlag und ggf. mineralischer Füllstoff, vorzugsweise Quarzsand und/oder Quarzmehl und/oder Bims und/oder Gesteinssand und/oder Gesteinsmehl und/oder geblähtes Perlit, 0-2 Masse-% Zusätze, vorzugsweise Porenbildungsmittel und/oder Wasserabweismittel und/oder Wasserrückhaltemittel und/oder Haftverbesserungsmittel.The cleaning material preferably has the following Dry starting composition: 15-28 mass% hydraulic binder, preferably cement, 72-85 Mass% mineral surcharge and possibly mineral Filler, preferably quartz sand and / or Quartz flour and / or pumice and / or rock sand and / or rock flour, 0-2 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Haftverbeserungsmittel. The adhesive mortar preferably has following dry starting composition: 15-28% by mass of hydraulic binder, preferably Cement, 72-85 mass% mineral aggregate and possibly mineral filler, preferably quartz sand and / or quartz powder and / or rock sand and / or rock flour, 0-5 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Adhesion promoters. The filler preferably has following dry starting composition: 15-28 mass% binder, preferably Cement and / or building lime, 72-85 mass% mineral Surcharge and, if necessary, mineral filler, preferably Quartz sand and / or quartz powder and / or Pumice and / or stone sand and / or stone powder and / or expanded pearlite, 0-2 mass% additives, preferably Pore-forming agents and / or water repellants and / or water retention agent and / or Adhesion promoters.

    Als in den vorstehenden Absätzen genanntes Wasserrückhaltemittel kommt insbesondre Zelluloseether in Betracht; es verhindert, daß Wasser aus der gerade aufgetragenen Lage der Wärmedämmung übermäßig in die darunter befindliche Lage der Wämredämmung gesaugt wird. Als in den vorstehenden Absätzen genanntes Haftverbesserungsmittel kommen insbesondere Kunststoff-Dispersionspulver in Betracht.As mentioned in the previous paragraphs Water retention agent comes in particular cellulose ether into consideration; it prevents water from the layer of thermal insulation just applied excessive in the position of the thermal insulation below is sucked. As in the previous paragraphs mentioned adhesion improver come in particular Plastic dispersion powder into consideration.

    Mit der Erfindung wird eine auf der Baustelle gut verarbeitbare, unempfindliche, dauerhafte und unter Feuerschutzgesichtspunkten optimale Wärmedämmung für Gebäude verfügbar gemacht.With the invention one on the construction site well processable, insensitive, permanent and under Fire protection considerations optimal thermal insulation made available for buildings.

    Ein bevorzugter Weg zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Wärmedämmplatten besteht darin, daß die Trockenbestandteile mit Wasser angemischt werden, daß die so entstandene, bildsame Materialmasse in eine oben offene, rahmenartige, meist rechteckige Form gefüllt und oberseitig abgezogen wird, und daß dann der Forminhalt - typischerweise in einem Autoklaven - unter Wärme- und Druckeinwirkung zum Erhärten gebracht wird. Technisch besonders günstig kann dies dadurch erfolgen, daß im Autoklaven durch Erwärmung Wasserdampf durch Verdampfung von Wasser aus der Materialmasse erzeugt und/oder dem Autoklaven Wasserdampf zugeführt wird. Hierbei stellt sich ein erhöhter Druck im Autoklaven ein. Typische Temperaturen beim Erhärten der Wärmedämmplatten sind bis zu 400°C.A preferred way of making the thermal insulation boards according to the invention consists in that the dry ingredients are mixed with water be that the resulting, sculptural mass of material in an open, frame-like, mostly rectangular Form is filled and peeled off at the top, and that then the form content - typically in one Autoclaves - under the influence of heat and pressure Hardening is brought. Technically particularly cheap this can be done in that in the autoclave Heating water vapor by evaporation of Water generated from the mass of material and / or Steam is fed to autoclaves. This poses increased pressure in the autoclave. typical Temperatures when the thermal insulation boards harden are up to 400 ° C.

    Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele noch näher erläutert. Es zeigt:

    Fig. 1
    in einem Vertikalschnitt einen Ausschnitt einer Wärmedämmung;
    Fig. 2
    im Schnitt einen Ausschnitt einer Wärmedämmplatte;
    Fig. 3
    im Schnitt einen Ausschnitt einer Wärmedämmplatte anderen Aufbaus;
    Fig. 4
    im Schnitt einen Ausschnitt einer Wärmedämmplatte wiederum anderen Aufbaus.
    The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred exemplary embodiments. It shows:
    Fig. 1
    in a vertical section a section of thermal insulation;
    Fig. 2
    in section a section of a thermal insulation panel;
    Fig. 3
    in section a section of a thermal insulation board of another construction;
    Fig. 4
    on average, a section of a thermal insulation panel of another construction.

    Links in Fig. 1 ist schematisiert eine Außenmauer 2 eines Gebäudes gezeichnet. Die Außenmauer 2 ist z.B. aus Ziegelsteinen oder Gasbetonsteinen gemauert oder besteht aus Beton. Sie ist nach links hin dicker als der Ausschnitt der Fig. 1 zeigt und setzt sich nach oben und unten fort. In Fig. 1 rechts ist auf die Außenseite der Mauer 2 eine aus mehreren Schichten bestehende Wärmedämmung 4 aufgebracht.An outer wall 2 of a building is shown schematically on the left in FIG. 1 . The outer wall 2 is bricked for example from bricks or gas concrete blocks or consists of concrete. It is thicker to the left than the detail in FIG. 1 shows and continues up and down. In Fig. 1 on the right of the outside of the wall 2, a multi-layer thermal insulation 4 is applied.

    Ein erster Hauptbestandteil der Wärmedämmung 4 sind Wärmedämmplatten 6, die nebeneinander und übereinander mit möglichst geringen Fugen 8 an der Mauer 2 angebracht sind. Die Anbringung ist mittels eines Klebemörtels 10 erfolgt. Zusätzlich sind die Wärmedämmplatten 6 mittels Schrauben 12 befestigt, die in Dübel 14 eingeschraubt sind, die in entsprechende Bohrungslöcher der Wand 2 eingesetzt sind. Alternativ kann man mit Nägeln arbeiten, die zusammen mit einem Dübel in ein Wand-Bohrungsloch eingeschlagen werden. Es versteht sich, daß unter dem Schraubenoder Nagelkopf eine großflächige Scheibe sitzt.A first main component of thermal insulation 4 are thermal insulation panels 6, which are side by side and one above the other with the smallest possible joints 8 the wall 2 are attached. The attachment is by means of an adhesive mortar 10 takes place. In addition, the thermal insulation boards 6 attached by means of screws 12, which in Dowels 14 are screwed into the corresponding Hole holes in the wall 2 are used. alternative you can work with nails that work with hammered into a wall hole become. It is understood that under the screw or Nail head sits a large-area disc.

    Außenseitig auf die Anordnung der Wärmedämmplatten 6 ist eine Spachtelmassenlage 16 mit darin eingebettetem Armierungsnetz 18 aufgebracht. Konkret wird dabei so vorgegangen, daß man zunächst eine erste Lage aus Spachtelmasse auf die Wärmedämmplatten 6 aufbringt, dann das Armierungsnetz darüberspannt, und schließlich eine zweite Lage aus Spachtelmasse aufbringt, so daß das Armierungsnetz 18 in die Spachtelmasse 16 eingebettet ist. Auf die Spachtelmassenlage 16 ist eine Putzschicht 20 aufgebracht, vorzugsweise indem man Frischmörtel mittels einer Putzmaschine aufspritzt. Außen auf der Putzschicht 20 ist eine Farbschicht 22 aus Silikonfarbe aufgetragen.On the outside on the arrangement of the thermal insulation panels 6 is a leveling compound layer 16 with reinforcement mesh 18 embedded therein. In concrete terms, the procedure is such that one first a first layer of filler on the thermal insulation boards 6, then the reinforcement net spanned, and finally a second layer Putty is applied, so that the reinforcement network 18 is embedded in the filler 16. On the Filler layer 16, a plaster layer 20 is applied, preferably by using fresh mortar sprayed on a cleaning machine. Outside on the plaster layer 20, a color layer 22 made of silicone paint is applied.

    Die Wärmedämmplatten 6, die Putzschicht 20, der Klebemörtel 10 und die Spachtelmasse 16 haben eine Zusammensetzung, wie sie weiter vorn eingehend beschrieben worden ist.The thermal insulation panels 6, the plaster layer 20, the adhesive mortar 10 and the filler 16 have a composition as detailed above has been described.

    In Fig. 2 ist veranschaulicht, wie eine Wärmedämmplatte 6 mit überall fein verteilten Poren 24 aussieht, wie sie sich insbesondere bei Porenbildung durch Wasserdampfbildung und/oder unter Einsatz eines Porenbildungsmittels ergibt. FIG. 2 illustrates what a thermal insulation board 6 with pores 24, which is finely distributed everywhere, looks like, which results in particular from the formation of pores by water vapor formation and / or by using a pore-forming agent.

    In Fig. 3 ist das Aussehen einer Wärmedämmplatte 6 gezeichnet, wie es sich ergibt, wenn ein bei der Herstellung in der Platte 6 verbleibender, poröser Zuschlag verwendet wird. Zeichnerisch angedeutet sind Teilchen 26 z.B. aus geblähtem Perlit, die in sich porös sind. Die Perlitteilchen 26 machen einen beträchtlichen Volumenanteil der Wärmedämmplatte 6 aus.In Fig. 3 the appearance of a thermal insulation panel 6 is drawn, as it results if a porous aggregate remaining in the panel 6 during manufacture is used. Particles 26, for example made of expanded perlite, which are inherently porous are indicated in the drawing. The pearlite particles 26 make up a considerable volume fraction of the thermal insulation panel 6.

    In Fig. 4 ist veranschaulicht, wie eine Wärmedämmplatte 6 aussieht, wenn sowohl im Material insgesamt verteilte Poren 24 als auch Teilchen 26 aus in sich porösem Zuschlagstoff vorhanden sind. FIG. 4 illustrates what a thermal insulation board 6 looks like when both pores 24 distributed throughout the material and particles 26 made of intrinsically porous aggregate are present.

    In allen Fällen, also Poren 24 unmittelbar im Material der Wärmedämmplatte 6 und/oder Poren innerhalb von porösen Teilchen 26, die in die Wärmedämmplatte 6 eingebettet sind, ergeben sich eine Senkung des spezifischen Gewichts der Platte 6, eine Steigerung der Dampfdiffusionsfähigkeit der Platte 6 und- besonders wichtig - eine Senkung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Platte 6.In all cases, i.e. pores 24 directly in the Material of the thermal insulation board 6 and / or pores within porous particles 26 that are in the thermal insulation panel 6 are embedded, there is a reduction the specific weight of the plate 6, one Increasing the vapor diffusibility of the plate 6 and - particularly important - a reduction in thermal conductivity plate 6.

    Es wird darauf hingewiesen, daß sich bei entsprechender Zusammensetzung für den Klebemörtel 10, die Spachtelmassenlage 16 und die Putzschicht 20 im Schnitt Aussehen analog dem in Fig. 2 bis 4 für die Wärmedämmplatte 6 geschilderten Aussehen ergeben.It should be noted that appropriate composition for the adhesive mortar 10, the leveling compound layer 16 and the plaster layer 20 in section appearance analogous to that in Fig. 2 to 4 for the thermal insulation panel 6 result in the described appearance.

    In Fig. 1 ist angedeutet, daß der Klebemörtel 10 und das Material der Putzschicht 20 jeweils Fasern 28 enthalten. Außerdem ist durch Punktierung 30 angedeutet, daß der Klebemörtel 10, die Spachtelmasse 16 und das Material der Putzschicht 20 jeweils einen Porenbifdungszusatz enthalten. Es wird nochmals darauf hingewiesen, daß die Fasern 28 und das Armierungsnetz 18 sowie die Spachtelmassenlage 16 in vielen Fällen entbehrlich sind. Für die Verringerung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit der Wärmedämmung 4 sind die Poren in den Wärmedämmplatten 6 von größter Bedeutung, die Poren in der Putzschicht 20 von zweitgrößter Bedeutung und die Poren in dem Klebemörtel 10 und in der Spachtelmasse 16 von relativ geringster Bedeutung.In Fig. 1 it is indicated that the adhesive mortar 10 and the material of the plaster layer 20 each contain fibers 28. In addition, it is indicated by dotting 30 that the adhesive mortar 10, the filler 16 and the material of the plaster layer 20 each contain a pore formation additive. It is pointed out again that the fibers 28 and the reinforcement net 18 and the filler layer 16 are unnecessary in many cases. In order to reduce the thermal conductivity of the thermal insulation 4, the pores in the thermal insulation boards 6 are of the greatest importance, the pores in the plaster layer 20 are of the second greatest importance and the pores in the adhesive mortar 10 and in the filler 16 are of relatively minor importance.

    Claims (22)

    1. A pore-containing thermal insulation board (6) produced by introducing into a mould a formable material mass containing lime binder, silicon dioxide, optionally porous admixture, optionally additives, and water,
      characterized in
      (a) that the formable material mass has the following initial manufacturing composition:
      15 to 25 mass% lime binder provided by quicklime and/or slaked lime,
      50 to 70 mass% silicon dioxide,
      0 to 10 mass% porous admixture,
      0 to 2 mass% additives,
      remainder water;
      (b) that the formable material mass has been introduced into the mould without intermediate stage and caused to harden unter the influence of heat and water;
      (c) and in that the thermal insulation board (6) either contains a water-repelling agent contained in the formable material mass and/or a water-repelling agent applied on the surface side.
    2. The thermal insulation board (6) of claim 1,
      characterized in that it has a specific weight below 250 kg/m3, preferably below 220 kg/m3, most preferably below 200 kg/m3.
    3. The thermal insulation board (6) of claim 1 or 2,
      characterized in that it has a thermal conductivity measurement value below 0.050 W/mK, preferably below 0.045 W/mk, most preferably below 0.040 W/mK.
    4. The thermal insulation board (6) of at least one of claims 1 to 3,
      characterized in that pores are formed by evaporating water contained in the initial manufacturing composition and/or by means of a pore-forming agent.
    5. The thermal insulation board (6) of claim 4,
      characterized in that at least one of the following agents is provided as pore-forming agent: tensides, aluminium powder, peroxocompounds.
    6. The thermal insulation board (6) of at least one of claims 1 to 5,
      characterized in that at least one of the following substances is provided as porous admixture: pumice, expanded perlite, expanded clay, expanded mica, expanded glass, foamed polystyrene.
    7. The thermal insulation board (6) of at least one of claims 1 to 6,
      characterized in that at least one of the following agents is provided as water-repelling agent: stearates, oleates, palmitates, laurates, behenates, silicons.
    8. The thermal insulation board (6) of at least one of claims 1 to 7,
      characterized in that it has a size of more than 1 m x 0.4 m.
    9. The thermal insulation board (6) of at least one of claims 1 to 8,
      characterized in that it has a thickness from 20 to 100 mm, preferably 30 to 50 mm.
    10. A thermal insulation (4) for buildings,
      characterized in that it comprises a plurality of thermal insulation boards (6) according to at least one of claims 1 to 9 attached in juxtaposed manner.
    11. The thermal insulation (4) of claim 10 as an outside thermal insulation,
      characterized by at least one plaster layer (20) applied onto the outside of the thermal insulation boards (6) either directly or via at least one intermediate layer (16; 18), the plaster layer (20) consisting of a mineral plaster material containing a pore-forming agent and/or a porous admixture as well as a water-repelling agent.
    12. The thermal insulation (4) of claim 10 or 11,
      characterized in that the thermal insulation boards (6) are secured to a building wall (2) using adhesive mortar (10) and/or mechanical retaining members (12).
    13. The thermal insulation (4) of claim 11 or 12,
      characterized by a reinforcing netting (18) embedded in a filler (16) and provided between the thermal insulation boards (6) and the plaster layer (20).
    14. The termal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 13,
      characterized in that the adhesive mortar (10) and/or the filler (16) contain a pore-forming agent and/or a porous admixture and/or a water-repelling agent.
    15. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 14,
      characterized in that at least one of the following agents is provided as pore-forming agent for the plaster material and/or the adhesive mortar (10) and/or the filler (16): tensides, aluminium powder, peroxocompounds.
    16. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 15,
      characterized in that at least one of the following substances is provided as porous admixture for the plaster material and/or the adhesive mortar (10) and/or the filler (16): pumice, expanded perlite, expanded clay, expanded mica, expanded glass, foamed polystyrene.
    17. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 16,
      characterized in that at least one of the following agents is provided as water-repelling agent for the plaster material and/or the adhesive mortar (10) and/or the filler: stearates, oleates, palmitates, laurates, behenates, silicons.
    18. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 17,
      characterized in that the plaster material and/or the adhesive mortar (10) and/or the filler (16) is provided with a fibre additive (28), preferably of cellulose fibres, glass fibres or polymer fibres.
    19. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 18,
      characterized in that it is provided on the outside with a coat of silicon paint (22).
    20. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 19,
      characterized in that the plaster material has the following initial dry composition: 15 to 28 mass% hydraulic binder, preferably cement, 72 to 85 mass% mineral admixture and optionally mineral filling agent, preferably quartz sand, quartz powder, pumice, mineral sand, mineral powder, 0 to 2 mass% additives, preferably pore-forming agents, water-repelling agents, water-retaining agents, adhesion promoters.
    21. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 20,
      characterized in that the adhesive mortar has the following initial dry composition: 15 to 28 mass% hydraulic binder, preferably cement, 72 to 85 mass% mineral admixture and optionally mineral filling agent, preferably quartz sand, quartz powder, mineral sand, mineral powder, 0 to 5 mass% additives, preferably pore-forming agents, water-repelling agents, water-retaining agents, adhesion promoters.
    22. The thermal insulation (4) of at least one of claims 11 to 21,
      characterized in that the filler has the following initial dry composition: 15 to 28 mass% binder, preferably cement and/or construction lime, 72 to 85 mass% mineral admixture and optionally mineral filling agent, preferably quartz sand, quartz powder, pumice, mineral sand, mineral powder, expanded perlite, 0 to 2 mass% additives, preferably pore-forming agents, water-repelling agents, water-retaining agents, adhesion promoters.
    EP19930107911 1992-05-15 1993-05-14 Heat insulation for buildings Expired - Lifetime EP0570012B2 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE4216204A DE4216204A1 (en) 1992-05-15 1992-05-15 Thermal insulation for buildings
    DE4216204 1992-05-15

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0570012A1 EP0570012A1 (en) 1993-11-18
    EP0570012B1 EP0570012B1 (en) 2000-08-09
    EP0570012B2 true EP0570012B2 (en) 2004-06-16

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    ID=6459035

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP19930107911 Expired - Lifetime EP0570012B2 (en) 1992-05-15 1993-05-14 Heat insulation for buildings

    Country Status (3)

    Country Link
    EP (1) EP0570012B2 (en)
    AT (1) ATE195307T1 (en)
    DE (2) DE4216204A1 (en)

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    DE10333299B4 (en) 2003-07-22 2006-02-16 Sto Ag thermal insulation system
    DE102004050207A1 (en) * 2004-10-15 2006-04-20 Haase, Werner, Dipl.-Ing. Internal wall fitting for insulating building walls comprises internal insulation adjoining inside of outside wall and adjoined by internal wall layer which contains several pipes for passing through heating or cooling medium
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    JP2012503119A (en) * 2008-09-22 2012-02-02 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー Composite structures for external insulation applications
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE59310084D1 (en) 2000-09-14
    ATE195307T1 (en) 2000-08-15
    EP0570012A1 (en) 1993-11-18
    EP0570012B1 (en) 2000-08-09
    DE4216204A1 (en) 1993-11-18

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