EP0555285A1 - Process for machining the inner surfaces of bores. - Google Patents
Process for machining the inner surfaces of bores.Info
- Publication number
- EP0555285A1 EP0555285A1 EP91918737A EP91918737A EP0555285A1 EP 0555285 A1 EP0555285 A1 EP 0555285A1 EP 91918737 A EP91918737 A EP 91918737A EP 91918737 A EP91918737 A EP 91918737A EP 0555285 A1 EP0555285 A1 EP 0555285A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tool
- vibration
- honing
- ultrasonic vibration
- shaft
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
- B24B33/02—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor designed for working internal surfaces of revolution, e.g. of cylindrical or conical shapes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B33/00—Honing machines or devices; Accessories therefor
- B24B33/08—Honing tools
- B24B33/085—Honing tools in which the honing element consists of a deformable body
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for machining the inner surfaces of bores in workpieces, in which a tool coated with an abrasive coating simultaneously executes a rotary movement, an axial lifting movement and also carries out an oscillation superimposed on the movements mentioned.
- a second embodiment which is described in the same document, generates a vibration between the inner surface of the bore and the stones of the Abrasive coating of the tool in that the platform on which the workpiece is attached is set in a rapid up and down movement.
- the platform is equipped with a
- Vibration excitation device provided which has a coil excited with an electromagnetic oscillation.
- this oscillation is said to lead to the collapse of abrasive grains and thus to the self-sharpening of the cutting surface.
- No information is given on the frequency; due to the mechanical conditions, however, it can be assumed that in this case too it is around 100 Hz.
- the adjustment mechanism shown (FIG. 2) or the platform with workpiece (FIG. 3) would be too slow for higher frequencies.
- so-called superfinishing in a continuous process, the rotationally symmetrical workpieces are given a rotary movement, while a honing stone is seated on the outer surface, which is given a high-frequency oscillating movement parallel to the axis of rotation of the workpiece (DE 35 33 082 AI).
- the vibrations that are used generally have frequencies of up to 3000 vibrations per minute, that is, of up to 50 Hz.
- an attempt has been made in the process according to the document mentioned to proceed step by step and between the individual steps Let the superfinishing stone fire out after a certain forced delivery route.
- the invention has for its object to further improve the method of the type mentioned, on the one hand in such a way that a greater material removal can be achieved, on the other hand in that better form corrections are possible.
- This object is achieved in that a natural frequency oscillation of the tool in the range of 16-40 KHz is excited by ultrasound and that the free length of the tool from the clamping point of the vibration exciter is an integral multiple of half the wavelength of the natural frequency oscillation of the tool.
- the invention now surprisingly shows not only an increased material removal compared to the prior art, but also that better shape corrections of the bore are possible with it.
- a new surface and a method for its production are given.
- the new process enables in particular high machining allowances with relatively fine grain sizes with fine machining surfaces.
- the previous quality limits of conventional honing are exceeded.
- values were around 0.6 ⁇ xa. R z as the limit for hardened steel.
- This surface quality could be significantly improved with the method according to the invention.
- the high frequency honing according to the invention results in relatively low machining forces. The consequence of this is only an extremely small formation of burrs.
- a new surface structure is created with a particularly high proportion of load. According to the kinematics, a periodic surface pattern is created with regular "troughs" or "pockets", which, as mentioned, are particularly suitable for holding lubricants.
- Figure 1 is a diagram for explanation
- Figure 2 is a control scheme for processing a
- Figure 3 shows the course of a vibration
- Figure 4 is a diagram for explaining
- Figure 5 shows an apparatus for performing the method according to the invention
- Figure 6 shows a first embodiment of a
- Figure 8 shows a second embodiment of a
- FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of the elastic
- FIG. 10 shows a surface image of a bore machined with the method according to the invention
- FIG. 11 shows a diagram to explain the honing additions that can be achieved with the method according to the invention.
- FIG. 12 shows a drawing to assign the shape of the tool 8 to the position of the radial vibration and vibration in the longitudinal direction of the natural vibration
- FIG. 13 shows a modification of FIG. 9 in such a way that a cylindrical shape of the tool is produced at the maximum amplitude of the radial component of the natural frequency vibration of the tool 1.
- FIG. 1 shows a honing tool 1.
- the usual honing movement that results in the cross-section is the sum of a rotary movement (corresponding to arrow 2) and a periodic back and forth Movement (lifting movement).
- a third movement namely a short-stroke ultrasonic oscillation of the tool, is superimposed on these two movement components, which leads to a natural oscillation of the tool in the natural resonance range.
- the excitation by a vibration exciter takes place in the axial direction parallel to the stroke movement 3.
- This inherently resonant vibration of the tool leads to elastic deformations of the tool and thus to movements of the individual areas of the tool both in the axial and in the radial direction, as indicated by the arrows 32 and 33 indicated.
- the oscillation takes place at a frequency of 21.7 kHz with an amplitude that could be set to a maximum of 15 ⁇ .
- the workpiece 4 has a bore 5, the inner surface of which is to be machined.
- the honing tool 1 is designed as a mandrel honing tool and is provided with a conical cutting zone 6, the rear larger diameter Di of which is somewhat larger than the smallest diameter of the bore 5 not yet machined with the honing tool 1.
- the front smaller diameter D 2 allows the introduction of the tool 1.
- the conical cutting zone 6 moves into the bore 5 and processes the material which corresponds to a bore diameter of less than D ⁇ .
- the honing tool 1 is cylindrical, so that it is in the Hole is inserted.
- the machining is preferably carried out with an axial double stroke.
- FIG. 2 shows the control diagram of the stroke movement 3 at (a), the rotary movement 2 at (b) and the ultrasound excitation at (c) in their temporal association with one another and as a function of time.
- the broader line at (c) indicates the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration.
- the residence time dt at (a) is adjustable. Points A, B, C, D can also be set, ie the start and the beginning of the rotary movement and the high-frequency vibration.
- the movement path of a tip of an abrasive grain 7 as a function of time is shown in a range from 0 to 300 isec in FIG. 2.
- the upper and lower boundary lines, which each represent a rising path, correspond to the oblique course of the grooves in conventional honing.
- Figure 5 shows an apparatus for performing the method.
- the honing tool 1 which has been ground to the dimensions Di and D2 and contour, is received with its tool holding cone 8 in a conical receiving opening 8 'of the sound transmission body 9.
- the sound transmission body 9 has two flanges 10, 11, which are provided at the points 10 ', 11 7 in the depicted manner with grooves, so that thin points 10', 11 'are formed which have the effect of an articulated suspension, so that an axial high-frequency ultrasonic vibration, which the sound transmission body 9 carries out, is not transmitted to the housing 12.
- the sound transmission body 9 is made of titanium, for example.
- the housing 12 consists of the cylindrical part 13, the lower cover 14 and the upper cover 15.
- the upper cover 15 has in the middle a bore 16 provided with an internal thread, into which the threaded pin 17 projects, which is fixed with the receiving hub 18 connected is. Housing cover 15 and receiving hub 18 are thus firmly screwed together, the disc 19 being clamped in between. In this way rotates the housing 12 with the receiving hub 18, which in turn is driven in the direction of rotation via toothed belt wheel 20 and toothed belt 21.
- the entire unit, as shown in FIG. 5, including a motor (not shown) can be moved up and down to produce the lifting movement, as is known per se from conventional honing machines, so that a more detailed description of the structural details is provided here Connection can be dispensed with.
- the entire arrangement is firmly clamped by the clamping screw 29, which is screwed into the sound transmission body 9. Centering takes place by means of centering sleeve 29 '.
- a coolant channel 30 passes through the sound transmission body 9 and the clamping screw 29.
- the interior of the housing, the line 31 and the openings in the disk 19 and in the cover 15, a cooling medium can be supplied.
- FIG. 6 shows the simplest form of a honing tool 1 as a fixed mandrel with fixed, non-adjustable external dimensions.
- the cutting surface has the contour 40, as shown in detail in FIG. 7, namely an insertion zone 37 over approximately less than 10% of its length, followed by the already mentioned cutting zone 6, which covers approximately a little less than half of the total Length of the cutting agent covering extends, as does the cylindrical guide zone 38 thereafter.
- honing tool 100 is shown in FIG. 8.
- the cutting surface 40 which has the contour according to FIG. 8, is applied to a shaft 101 which can be elastically expanded by means of an expansion piece 102.
- the tool 1 carries out a natural vibration, preferably in the resonance range.
- the tool 1 does not act as a rigid transmission element of the high-frequency ultrasonic oscillation, but rather is itself the medium of the ultrasonic oscillation, ie the longitudinal and transverse waves triggered by the excitation.
- Ultrasonic vibration exciter 25 have a frequency that is as close as possible to the natural resonance of the tool 1. If the natural resonance of the tool deviates too far from that of the stimulating system (vibration exciter 25, sound transmission body 9), the tool does not vibrate. In order to optimally design the transmission of the ultrasound energy from the vibration exciter 25 to the tool 1, the sound wave resistance of the vibration exciter must also be as equal as possible to that of the tool 1.
- the natural frequency of the tool 1 is determined by the dimensions (length, diameter), the modulus of elasticity of the material and the speed of sound given in the material.
- the modulus of elasticity is approx.21,000 daN / m 2 and the speed of sound is 5,960 m / sec. at 21.7 kHz, this gives half a wavelength equal to 187 cm. This is the free tool length from the clamping cone.
- FIG. 9 shows how the natural vibration of the tool 1 is represented geometrically.
- the diameter of the tool at (a) has its greatest value D max , while the length L has the minimum value Lmin.
- the zero crossing of the vibration in the longitudinal direction, the average diameter DQ and the average length LQ result.
- the minimum diameter D min and the maximum length Ljna result - in FIG. 9 the individual amplitudes are assigned to the situations according to (a), (b) and (c).
- the individual amplitudes are assigned to the situations according to (a), (b) and (c).
- the movement component 33 in the radial direction is the cause of the fact that during the circulation one
- Abrasive grain of the cutting agent coating 40 individual small pockets are introduced in the radial direction into the inner surface of the machined holes.
- FIG. 10 shows, as a photograph - since it cannot be represented otherwise - this novel surface, a distance, which in reality corresponds to 30 ⁇ m, is shown in the photograph to clarify the scale.
- the pockets or depressions serve as an oil reservoir for lubricants in the inner surfaces of the bores. This is especially so of the utmost importance if otherwise a surface of extremely good quality is achieved.
- the material is removed evenly and a surface pattern is created that is periodic in accordance with the kinematics. It is of course heavily dependent on the set parameters. At a low speed, for example, the cutting tracks created by the high-frequency oscillation are very close together. At a high speed, these cutting marks are stretched accordingly and result in a somewhat less favorable bearing component.
- the load share in a test series was approx. 0.2 ⁇ in the cutting depth at approx. 30%.
- the new surface results in an extreme improvement of the wearing properties. If, for example, a specific bore is machined in two machining stages with grit sizes D46 and Dl5 (according to the FEPA definition; see VDI guidelines VDI 3394 from June 1980), the bore geometry (straightness, roundness) is below 0.5 ⁇ st reachable. This was carried out on a trial basis for workpieces which were conventionally pre-honed to a diameter of 6.955 to 6.965 mm and were finished in two further processing steps using the method according to the invention. The surface roughness was 0.7 ⁇ stx R z at the beginning and could be improved to less than 0.4 ⁇ R 2 with increasing numbers. Diamond was used as the grain.
- superabrasive materials are considered, in addition to Diamond cubic boron nitride (CBN), possibly for bores made of soft material (e.g. aluminum) also ruby, sapphire, corundum.
- CBN Diamond cubic boron nitride
- the machining forces that occur are of particular importance for the application of the method according to the invention.
- 10 ⁇ m difference in the diameter of the unfinished bore compared to the final dimension desired by machining
- an axial force of 1.0 N and a torque of 1.120 Ncm were found.
- a direct comparison with a machining process in which the same tool would have been used without high-frequency exposure was not possible, since an addition of more than 4 / im cannot be achieved without the high-frequency oscillation. If you want to remove more material with one stroke without HF oscillation, the tool seizes up. But even with an addition of 4 ⁇ m without high-frequency oscillation, i.e.
- FIG. 11 finally shows the honing addition dz (in micrometers) as a function of the grit k (according to the FEPA definition) in the comparison between the - known - mandrel honing (lower bar with a grain size D15 to D181) compared to the high-frequency honing ( black filled area).
- the workpiece was hardened steel with a hardness of more than 60 HRc.
- the vibration ratios over the length of the workpiece 1 result from FIG. 12 in the event that the length of the tool 1 is equal to half the wavelength of the ultrasonic vibration.
- the prerequisite for the occurrence of a natural vibration is that the length of the tool 1 from the clamping cone, which lies in the "restraining plane", is a very large multiple (including 1 times) of half the wavelength.
- the vibration in the radial direction, the component 33, and the vibration in the axial direction, the component 32 are entered to the left of the tool and related to the length of the workpiece 1.
- FIG. 13 A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention results from FIG. 13.
- This representation corresponds essentially to FIG. 9, but with the difference that the shape the tool in the idle state (zero crossing (b)) is not cylindrical, but has a convex contour. Then it follows that in the state with the greatest radial expansion of (a), ie, D max and L m i n a cylindrical shape of the tool is obtained.
- the addition of the diameter depends on the input amplitude. With a change in the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibration, by which the natural vibration of the tool 1 is excited, the amplitude of the axial vibration component 33 and thus also D max can also be set. These parameters also directly influence the quality of the machined hole.
- the roughness depth Rz decreases in an essentially linear dependence on the amplitude and frequency.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geometry (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Il est décrit un procédé pour l'usinage d'alésages dans des pièces à usiner, où un outil à honer revêtu d'une couche d'abrasif et appliqué radialement sur la paroi du trou de forage, exécute en même temps un mouvement de rotation et un mouvement de va-et-vient. En plus des mouvements de levage et de rotation (2, 3), l'outil à honer (1, 100) a une vibration propre (31, 32) à haute fréquence et à faible course, laquelle est produite par une oscillation ultrasonore dans la gamme de 16 à 40 KHz.A method is described for the machining of bores in workpieces, in which a honing tool coated with an abrasive layer and applied radially to the wall of the borehole simultaneously executes a rotational movement and a back and forth motion. In addition to the lifting and rotating movements (2, 3), the honing tool (1, 100) has its own high-frequency, short-stroke vibration (31, 32), which is produced by ultrasonic oscillation in the range from 16 to 40 KHz.
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
WOPCT/EP90/01822 | 1990-10-31 | ||
PCT/EP1990/001822 WO1992007686A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1990-10-31 | High frequency honing |
PCT/EP1991/002064 WO1992007687A1 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1991-10-31 | Process for machining the inner surfaces of bores |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0555285A1 true EP0555285A1 (en) | 1993-08-18 |
EP0555285B1 EP0555285B1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
Family
ID=8165531
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91918737A Expired - Lifetime EP0555285B1 (en) | 1990-10-31 | 1991-10-31 | Process for machining the inner surfaces of bores |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0555285B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2571322B2 (en) |
DE (1) | DE59102385D1 (en) |
WO (2) | WO1992007686A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9212079U1 (en) * | 1992-09-08 | 1992-12-03 | Kopp Verfahrenstechnik GmbH, 7970 Leutkirch | Ultrasonic drive head for machining tools |
US7387612B2 (en) | 2001-03-28 | 2008-06-17 | Cybersonics, Inc. | Floating probe for ultrasonic transducers |
EP1436109B1 (en) * | 2001-03-28 | 2008-01-02 | Cybersonics, Inc. | Floating probe for ultrasonic transducers |
JP5646251B2 (en) * | 2010-08-24 | 2014-12-24 | 株式会社日進製作所 | Internal surface processing tool and internal surface processing device |
CN106312787A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2017-01-11 | 徐工集团工程机械股份有限公司 | Honing cutter and machining center |
DE102017121269A1 (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-14 | Microcut Ltd. | Method and device for fine machining cylindrical workpiece surfaces |
KR101939829B1 (en) * | 2017-09-22 | 2019-01-17 | 김주영 | apparatus for honing tool |
CN108942539A (en) * | 2018-09-19 | 2018-12-07 | 中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心 | A kind of high-frequency vibration processing unit (plant) and annular polishing machine |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE584199C (en) * | 1932-03-12 | 1933-09-16 | Jaroslaw S Erste Glimmerwaren | Non-metallic grinding and polishing mandrels for internal grinding as a carrier of the loose grinding and polishing agent to be used |
US2939250A (en) * | 1957-01-31 | 1960-06-07 | Micromatic Hone Corp | Resonant honing |
US2939251A (en) * | 1957-02-18 | 1960-06-07 | Micromatic Hone Corp | High frequency honing |
US3094814A (en) * | 1960-11-21 | 1963-06-25 | Barke Vladimir Nikolaevich | Ultrasonic abrasive machining apparatus |
US3614484A (en) * | 1970-03-25 | 1971-10-19 | Branson Instr | Ultrasonic motion adapter for a machine tool |
DE2435848C3 (en) | 1974-07-25 | 1979-07-26 | Supfina Maschinenfabrik Hentzen Kg, 5630 Remscheid | Device for keeping the contact surface of a honing stone clean |
FR2407794A1 (en) * | 1977-11-03 | 1979-06-01 | Citroen Sa | EXPANDABLE RUNNING RUNNING FOR HIGH PRECISION |
JPS584363B2 (en) * | 1979-11-30 | 1983-01-26 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | Control method of vibrator for ultrasonic processing equipment |
JPS58108175U (en) * | 1982-01-13 | 1983-07-23 | 海上電機株式会社 | Insulated ultrasonic transducer |
DE3533082A1 (en) | 1985-09-17 | 1987-03-26 | Supfina Maschf Hentzen | Process and apparatus for the fine machining of rotationally symmetrical workpieces |
JPH0731098B2 (en) * | 1987-08-05 | 1995-04-10 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Air-fuel ratio controller for internal combustion engine |
US4828052A (en) * | 1988-06-20 | 1989-05-09 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | Ultrasonic drilling apparatus |
JPH02212069A (en) | 1989-02-10 | 1990-08-23 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Honing method |
-
1990
- 1990-10-31 WO PCT/EP1990/001822 patent/WO1992007686A1/en unknown
-
1991
- 1991-10-31 WO PCT/EP1991/002064 patent/WO1992007687A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1991-10-31 DE DE59102385T patent/DE59102385D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-10-31 JP JP3517671A patent/JP2571322B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-10-31 EP EP91918737A patent/EP0555285B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9207687A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1992007686A1 (en) | 1992-05-14 |
JPH06506157A (en) | 1994-07-14 |
DE59102385D1 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
WO1992007687A1 (en) | 1992-05-14 |
EP0555285B1 (en) | 1994-07-27 |
JP2571322B2 (en) | 1997-01-16 |
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