EP0553309B1 - Drilling pipe - Google Patents

Drilling pipe Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0553309B1
EP0553309B1 EP92911093A EP92911093A EP0553309B1 EP 0553309 B1 EP0553309 B1 EP 0553309B1 EP 92911093 A EP92911093 A EP 92911093A EP 92911093 A EP92911093 A EP 92911093A EP 0553309 B1 EP0553309 B1 EP 0553309B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tube
anchor
bore
injection
intended
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92911093A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0553309A1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Gruber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GD-ANKER GRUBER-DUEBEL-ANKER GmbH
Original Assignee
GD-ANKER GRUBER-DUEBEL-ANKER GmbH
GD ANKER GRUBER DUEBEL ANKER G
Gd-Anker Gruber-Duebel-Anker GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by GD-ANKER GRUBER-DUEBEL-ANKER GmbH, GD ANKER GRUBER DUEBEL ANKER G, Gd-Anker Gruber-Duebel-Anker GmbH filed Critical GD-ANKER GRUBER-DUEBEL-ANKER GmbH
Publication of EP0553309A1 publication Critical patent/EP0553309A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0553309B1 publication Critical patent/EP0553309B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/042Threaded
    • E21B17/0426Threaded with a threaded cylindrical portion, e.g. for percussion rods
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/10Wear protectors; Centralising devices, e.g. stabilisers
    • E21B17/1014Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well
    • E21B17/1021Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well with articulated arms or arcuate springs
    • E21B17/1028Flexible or expansible centering means, e.g. with pistons pressing against the wall of the well with articulated arms or arcuate springs with arcuate springs only, e.g. baskets with outwardly bowed strips for cementing operations
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/10Valve arrangements in drilling-fluid circulation systems
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B23/00Apparatus for displacing, setting, locking, releasing or removing tools, packers or the like in boreholes or wells
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21DSHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E21D21/0026Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts
    • E21D21/0053Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an injection drill anchor according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Boring bars can be used as elements of injection drill anchors, which are known to remain in the hole as a lost tool after the borehole has been created.
  • the boring bar is used in the manner of a rock bolt, which is clamped in the area of the borehole mouth in relation to the rock via an anchor head plate in conjunction with a tension nut.
  • an injection drill anchor is known from DE-PS 936 082, at one end of which a drill head is attached and at the other end of which a stepped threaded section is attached, which is used for screwing by means of the aforementioned Clamping nut is used.
  • the anchor rod is provided over its entire length with helically wound beads as well as with cross bores, which are in continuous connection with a central longitudinal channel through which the rock dust developed during the drilling process is extracted.
  • a mortar suspension is introduced into the borehole via the longitudinal channel and the transverse boreholes for the purpose of backfilling and anchoring the anchor rod, this suspension introducing into existing fissures and crevices in the mountains and, in particular due to the bead-like deformation of the outside of the anchor rod after hardening, a secure positive fit between Anchor rod and surrounding mountains.
  • DE-PS 14 83 840 shows a rock boring bar with a centrally located flushing channel, which is provided with outlet bores in the area of a screwable drilling head.
  • the boring bar can be extended using a connecting sleeve provided with an internal thread, into which a further boring bar is screwed, and the boring bars used are otherwise equipped over their entire length with a comparatively coarse thread in the manner of a round thread.
  • Such a rock boring bar is fundamentally suitable for use as an injection drilling anchor, the external thread of the boring bars fulfilling a transport function during drilling, namely in that the backflow of a flushing fluid loaded with rock particles is supported.
  • the same thread fulfills an anchoring function in connection with the hardened mortar, namely insofar as it creates the positive connection between the anchor rod and the surrounding borehole walls.
  • the thread also fulfills a screwing function by removing the screw with a connecting sleeve, but also with a drill head.
  • a boring bar which is designed as a tubular base body provided on the inside and outside with a thread-like profiling.
  • Coupling parts are proposed for connecting two such boring bars, which in turn are proposed as a tubular basic body with a continuous longitudinal channel, provided with an external thread and intended for screwing into the boring bar ends to be coupled, which is provided in a central region with an annular body-like stop, which limits the screwing in forms.
  • the stop can be configured as a cylindrical body that is smooth on the outside and has the same diameter as the boring bars and forms force transmission surfaces on the end face, or as a ring body that is smaller in diameter than the boring bar ends and thus does not appear radially on the outside.
  • the anchor rod is arranged eccentrically along the borehole wall due to local inhomogeneities, uniform backfilling, in particular covering or embedding of the drill rod, cannot be guaranteed.
  • an eccentric seat of the anchor rod within the mortar body entails the risk that part of the anchor rod is exposed to an increased corrosion attack, whereby the main function of the rock anchor, namely the nailing of different rock layers, is questioned over time.
  • spacers in connection with injection drill anchors consist of a directly surrounding the anchor rod retaining hub, which is displaceable relative to the anchor rod, with three radially extending webs being arranged on this mounting hub, which have an outer ring body be held together.
  • the use of this spacer is such that during the creation of a borehole, and specifically before the attachment of an extension anchor rod, this spacer with its mounting hub is pushed over the anchor rod end located in the borehole, the attachment hub enabling the connection of an extension anchor rod due to the abutment of the mounting hub Coupling nut of the spacer is inserted into the borehole together with the anchor rod during further drilling progress.
  • the position of the spacer is thus determined in this embodiment by the position of the coupling nut.
  • the position of the coupling nut there is practically no or no easy possibility of the condition and the perfect condition Check the function of the spacer.
  • this can also be damaged by local inhomogeneities in the drilled rock, so that under certain circumstances no centering effect can be expected.
  • the spacer can in some cases hinder the removal or flushing out of the same by a flushing medium.
  • spacers when placing rock anchors, by means of which spacers are centered within the outer tube of the bore.
  • the rock anchor is inserted into a pipe filled with mortar and should be kept as centrally as possible within it.
  • the spacers used here are made of plastic and are, in terms of strength, completely unsuitable for use with injection drill anchors of the known type in that they are hardly able to withstand the high mechanical stresses during the drilling phase.
  • a pipe element is used as the boring bar has a uniform internal thread over its entire length.
  • this internal thread is intended in connection with a suitable coupling part for the extension, ie for screwing on a further tubular element or a boring bar, and this opens up the possibility of carrying out this extension without the use of external structural elements such as connecting sleeves or the like.
  • the uniform profiling further improves the suitability of the drill pipe as an injection drill anchor, which is subject to a uniform anchoring effect over its entire mortared length.
  • the uniform internal thread also offers the possibility of being able to shorten the pipe element if necessary and to connect correspondingly shortened lengths to other pipe elements.
  • the outside profiling of the tubular element is designed as a thread. This opens up the possibility of placing the external and internal threads of the tubular element in a single operation, for example by cold-forming the outside.
  • the thread extends uniformly over the entire length of the drilling element, so that a uniform conveying effect is exerted over the entire length on the flushing medium loaded with rock particles during the drilling process.
  • the coupling part is intended to be screwed into opposite pipe element ends and is intended to ensure the same screw-in lengths for both pipe elements in the simplest possible way.
  • This is achieved according to the invention in a particularly simple manner in that the coupling part practically consists of two nested pipe parts, thus coaxial to one another, namely an outer, at least externally threaded pipe element and an inner, for example screwed, inner pipe element, which is preferably symmetrical on the end face from the protrudes the outer tubular element and forms with its protruding sections the threaded sections which are intended for screwing into two boring bars to be connected to one another on the end face.
  • the outer and inner tubular elements are each designed as threaded tube elements which carry threads on the inside and outside so that the outer tube element is screwed onto the inner one and is expediently fixed in a middle position by welding.
  • the outer tubular element practically corresponds to a drilling tubular element in terms of its radial dimensions and other properties, it is ensured in the case of a connection that, despite the connection of two tubular elements, the outside thereof does not have any external discontinuities in the connection area.
  • the at least one compression valve is arranged in an intermediate element, which in turn is intended for screwing, in this case for screwing into drill pipe elements to be connected to one another.
  • the number and the arrangement of the compression valves can be made arbitrarily due to the modular design of the intermediate elements mentioned. In certain cases, only a compression valve can be provided be.
  • the essential structural elements of the intermediate elements are in turn inner and outer tubular elements, the outer tubular element in turn being provided on the inside and outside with a thread and intended to be screwed onto the inner tubular element and the radial dimensions of which in turn correspond to the drilling or anchor tube element.
  • Pipe sections of the inner pipe element which protrude from the outer pipe element in turn form the screw sections which are intended for screwing into boring bars to be connected, the screw-in depth being in turn defined in a defined manner via the outer pipe elements.
  • the outer tubular elements are preferably secured in their final screwing position by welding relative to the inner tubular elements.
  • the features of claim 2 are directed to a particularly advantageous embodiment of a drill head, which in turn - apart from its plate-like drill bit - can be made from structural elements which correspond to those of the coupling part.
  • a drill head which - starting from the drill bit initially has an undercut and which is intended for screwing to a drill pipe element, ie for screwing into it.
  • the drill head is equipped on its side facing away from the drill bit with a pipe section provided with an external thread and intended for screwing into the drill pipe element.
  • the one from the outer pipe element protruding pipe section of the inner pipe element forms the pipe section intended for screwing, ie, section intended for screwing into a drilling pipe element.
  • the outer tubular element in turn forms a stop during the screwing with the drilling tubular element and is preferably configured identically with the drilling tubular element with regard to its radial dimensions and in particular its outside thread.
  • a check valve is arranged in the area near the drill head within the longitudinal channel, specifically within an intermediate element which essentially corresponds to the intermediate element within which a compression valve can be arranged. It is essential in the case of the simultaneous use of non-return and compression valves that both can be regarded as spring-loaded valves, but which are never in the open state at the same time. Thus, the check valve should only be opened by the flushing medium during the drilling operation, but the comparatively low flushing medium pressure is not sufficient to open the injection valves, so that the latter remain in a closed state during the drilling and flushing operation.
  • the features of claim 4 are directed to the structural design of the compression valve. It is essential that the enveloping bodies that take over the actual valve function, which may for example consist of a rubber-elastic material, are axially secured between two tube cylinders of the same diameter, these tube cylinders in turn corresponding in their radial dimensions and their external characteristics to the boring bar provided with an external thread.
  • Two envelopes are preferably used, namely an inner one, made of a relatively soft elastic material, which takes on a sealing function and an outer one, made of an again elastic, for example rubber-elastic material, which takes over a supporting function and, if necessary, through a fabric in its Elastic properties are modified.
  • this compression valve In the installed state of this compression valve, the enveloping bodies fit into the "smooth" structure of the possibly elongated boring bar in the same way as the tubular cylinders adjoining them axially on both sides, and the compression valve thus in particular does not form any structural elements which protrude radially from the structure of the boring bar which - as already stated at the beginning - could hinder the flow of a flushing medium.
  • the features of claim 5 are directed to a spacer which, with regard to its practical use, is specifically designed for boring bars according to the invention.
  • the essential feature of this spacer are two centering bodies which are connected via radially shaped tension elements which fulfill a spacing function and which are intended to be pushed over the boring bar and a special one for the feed Pressure rod is provided which engages in a receiving device arranged on the guide body facing the bottom of the borehole.
  • the push rod is designed to be insertable with respect to the receiving device. It is essential that the spacer is only inserted into the borehole after it has been drilled, which is possible because the boring bar has a uniform diameter over its entire length despite any extension bar and compression valves and the sliding resistance at least of the centering body is uniform along the entire boring bar.
  • This spacer is thus subsequently inserted into the borehole along the anchor rod and at the respectively predetermined positions.
  • several spacers are used at predeterminable distances, which is easily possible with the pressure rod mentioned.
  • this is stretched by radial inward deformation of the tension elements after the pressure is transferred via the pressure rod to the guide body facing the bottom of the borehole, so that the wall inhomogeneity, for example a slight constriction of the Borehole diameter can be overcome.
  • the spacer does not have to be designed in terms of strength with regard to the mechanically very high stresses of the drilling operation, and certainly can also be designed as a plastic part. However, this is preferably made of metal.
  • the features of claim 6 are directed to improved guidance of the pressure rod.
  • the centering bodies are designed as tubular elements. If necessary, the tubular element facing the bottom of the borehole can have a rounded shape on the end face, so that wall inhomogeneities can be smoothed.
  • the pressure rod can be inserted into the receiving device mentioned. It must have a rigidity which is sufficient to overcome the feed resistance of the spacer. If this is the case, a rollable body can also be used as the pressure rod.
  • claims 7 and 8 are directed to a special embodiment of the end of the injection drill anchor on the borehole mouth, again making use of the basic structural elements of the other components of the injection drill anchor, namely tubular cylinders which are threaded on the outside and - preferably also on the inside are and of tubular elements which have a thread at least on the outside and are designed and designed for insertion or screwing into said tube cylinders.
  • the latter pipe elements form the screw sections, which are intended for screwing into an anchor rod element, for example, and the outside thread of the tube cylinder forms a continuous extension of the external thread of the drill or anchor rods.
  • the threaded sections of the "internal" tubular element intended for screwing in are designed such that the aforementioned tubular cylinder rests on the end face on corresponding counter surfaces of an anchor rod. That from the In the final assembly state of the injection drill anchor in conjunction with an anchor head plate and a tension nut, the bore hole mouth partially protruding tube element serves to brace against the rock.
  • the last-mentioned pipe element also serves, according to the invention, to push a plastic hose over to ensure a so-called free anchor length in the region of the borehole mouth, which is not mortared with the surrounding mountains. This plastic hose is pushed up to an end face contact with the adjoining pipe cylinder, so that the section of the pipe element surrounded by the hose is shielded from any interactions with a mortar.
  • the essential components of the injection drill anchor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are a drill head 1, an anchor rod 2 and a coupling part 3, which is designed and designed to connect two mutually identical drill rods 2.
  • the drill head 1 consists of an axially comparatively short, plate-like drill bit 4 equipped with cutting edges or the like, to which a tubular element 5 is welded.
  • the tubular element 5 is provided with an external thread over its entire length and a tubular cylinder 6 is screwed onto this tubular element 5 and welded to it in the screwed position.
  • the tubular cylinder 6 is dimensioned shorter than the tubular element 5 and the screwing position is characterized in that the tubular element 5 is on the side of the tubular cylinder 6 facing away from the drill bit 4 Dimension 7 protrudes from the latter.
  • the tubular cylinder 6 is in turn provided with an external thread, the meaning of which will be discussed in more detail below.
  • a central longitudinal channel running in an exit bore of the drill bit 4, which is not shown in the drawing, wherein additional exit channels can also be provided in the area of the drill bit 4.
  • a transverse bore is designated, which penetrates the tubular element 5 and the tubular cylinder 6 and establishes a connection to the longitudinal channel mentioned.
  • a washing-up liquid e.g. Water or air is conducted, with a mortar suspension or other comparable hardenable medium flowing into the borehole through these boreholes after the borehole has been drilled.
  • the tubular element 11 is partially screwed into the tubular cylinder 10 and can be fixed in the screwed position, for example by welding.
  • the tubular cylinder 10 is in turn intended for screwing to the tubular element 5, in particular the tubular section 12 thereof.
  • the intermediate element 9 contains a check valve, not shown in the drawing, which is arranged within the longitudinal channel extending in the direction of the axis 8. It is spring-loaded and set to a certain pressure, and this check valve to the extent that it releases a flow under pressure in the direction of arrow 13, but prevents a backflow against arrow 13. The importance of this check valve will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the anchor rod element 14 denotes an anchor rod element which corresponds in diameter to the tubular cylinders 6, 10 and is provided on the outside and on the inside with a continuous thread.
  • the anchor rod element 14 can have an individually adapted length and, in the assembled state, is screwed to the tube section 15 of the tube element 11 protruding from the tube cylinder 10 such that the anchor rod element 14 abuts the tube cylinder 10 on the end face.
  • a compression valve which consists of a tubular element 16 which has one or - in a uniform circumferential distribution a plurality of transverse bores 17 in a central region.
  • the transverse bores 17 are surrounded by a first enveloping body 18 made of a relatively soft elastic material, which in turn is coaxially surrounded on the outside by a further, also elastic enveloping body 19, which exerts a supporting effect.
  • the enveloping bodies 18, 19 form a reliable seal of the transverse bores 17 when the tubular element 16 is depressurized on the inside.
  • the tubular cylinders 20, 21 designate comparatively short tubular cylinders, which are screwed axially on both sides of the enveloping body 18, 19 onto the tubular element 16 and one Form axial securing for the enveloping body.
  • the tubular cylinders 20, 21 can be secured in the final screwing position by welding to the tubular element 16.
  • the tube cylinders 20, 21 and the enveloping body 19 are otherwise of the same diameter.
  • the tube cylinders 20, 21 in connection with the enveloping bodies 18, 19 have such an axial length that 15 tube sections 23, 24 result on both ends of the compression valve 15, which are screwed into the anchor rod element 14 and into the anchor rod 2 are determined. The meaning and mode of operation of the compression valve 15 will be discussed in more detail below.
  • the components comprising the compression valve 15 form a further intermediate element 9 '.
  • the configuration of the compression valve in accordance with the manner set out above is not absolutely necessary and other embodiments can also be used. It is only essential that the compression valve has no components protruding radially beyond the tubular cylinders 20, 21 and is functionally designed in the manner of a spring-loaded check valve which only opens at a pressure which is required for subsequent pressing, but remains in the closed state during the flushing operation .
  • the essential feature of the coupling part 3 according to FIG. 2 is in turn a tubular element 25 which corresponds in diameter to the tubular elements 5, 11, 16 and which carries approximately in the middle a screwed-on tubular cylinder 26 which corresponds in diameter to the anchor rod 2.
  • Pipe sections 27, 28 of the tubular element 25 extend approximately symmetrically on both sides of the tubular cylinder 26 and the position of the tubular cylinder 26 can be achieved by welding be secured with the tubular element 25.
  • the coupling part 3 is used to couple a further anchor rod 2 in such a way that its tube sections 27, 28 are screwed into the ends of the anchor rod to be connected, in such a way that the front ends of the anchor rod to be connected bear directly against the tube cylinder 26.
  • the essential feature of the injection drill anchor according to the invention are thus anchor rods 2 or anchor rod elements 14, which are provided with threads on the inside and outside over their entire length, the individual elements of this drill anchor, namely drill head 1, intermediate elements 9, 9 '' anchor rod element 14, anchor rod 2 and further anchor rod sections 2 connected via coupling parts 3 can be fixed to one another by screwing on the inside. Due to the fact that the anchor rods 2 and 14 are provided with a uniform internal and external thread over their entire length, they can be cut to length and adapted to the respective application if necessary. By appropriate length dimensioning of the pipe sections 12, 15, 23, 24 it is achieved in a very simple manner that the final screw-in position is determined by the length dimensioning of these pipe sections and consequently no further locking devices are required. The same applies to the coupling part 3, the central tube cylinder 26 of which performs a stop function for the front ends of the anchor rods screwed on the tube sections 27, 28.
  • the injection drill anchor according to the invention in the assembled state, despite being composed of different ones Functional elements on the outside - starting with the tubular cylinder 6 of the drill bit 1 and extending to the area of the borehole mouth, having a uniform outer contour characterized by an external thread, which in particular has no parts protruding from this contour. Apart from the thread deformation on the outside, the assembled injection drill anchor forms a "smooth" surface on the outside.
  • This injection drill anchor is initially used in a manner known per se like a drill rod, i.e. a rinsing medium flows through the central longitudinal channel extending in the direction of the axis 8, e.g. Water or air.
  • This flushing medium only emerges during the drilling operation via the outlet bores of the drill bit 4 or the transverse bores 6 'of the drill head, and takes up the rock particles loosened by the drill bit 4 as a result of the drilling operation, in order to move them in the opposite direction to the arrow 13 the mouth of the borehole.
  • the flushing medium has a cooling effect on the drill bit. It is particularly advantageous that there is an undercut 29 directly behind the drill bit 4, as seen in the opposite direction to the arrow 13, which promotes the removal of the loosened rock particles or other cuttings.
  • the spring-loaded check valve arranged within the intermediate element 9 and within the longitudinal channel mentioned in such a way that it opens under the pressure under which the flushing medium is during drilling operation and permits flow in the direction of arrow 13 .
  • the compression valve 15, however, is by appropriate material and other design of the enveloping body 18,19 designed such that an opening does not take place under the flushing pressure, so that this compression valve 15 is practically inoperative during the drilling operation.
  • the uniform external thread which extends over the entire length of all anchor rods 2, has a favorable effect during the drilling operation, so that this not only exerts a conveying effect on the rock particles to be removed from the borehole but also due to the essentially "smooth", i.e. Without the surface of the injection drill anchor marked on the outside, there are optimal flow conditions for the flushing medium loaded with cuttings.
  • the injection drill anchor After completion of the borehole, the injection drill anchor, in particular its longitudinal borehole, is used to introduce a mortar suspension or other hardenable medium, which in a first phase only emerges via the outlet boreholes and other transverse boreholes of the drill head 1 and the borehole - starting with the bottom of the borehole and in the opposite direction continues to arrow 13.
  • the check valve within the intermediate element 9 prevents the mortar suspension from flowing back into the aforementioned longitudinal channel.
  • the longitudinal channel is then rinsed out in order to remove any remaining mortar suspension within it.
  • the mortar suspension exiting via the compression valve 15 blows up the mortar body surrounding the injection drill anchor in this area, at least in the initial phase of hardening, and further mortar suspension flows into the borehole through the gaps between the sprinkled particles, which due to the high Pressure spreads increasingly within the surrounding crevices of the mountains and in some cases considerably expands the mortar body mentioned.
  • the process of rinsing out the longitudinal channel and reinserting and blowing open the mortar body can be repeated several times, it being possible for the mortar to burst open, but also with water.
  • the mortar body surrounding the injection drilling anchor is thus expanded in the region of the injection valve and a reliable anchoring effect is generated.
  • one or more compression valves can be provided along the structure of the rock anchor, which, due to the modular structure of the individual structural elements of the injection drill anchor, can be inserted into the structure thereof at practically any point.
  • Essential for the reliable functioning of an injection drill anchor is a covering which is as uniform as possible and which acts on all sides within the borehole with a mortar or another hardenable medium. This also serves to achieve adequate corrosion protection and thus to achieve uniform strength properties of the overall system consisting of the injection drill anchor and the surrounding mortar. Now there is always the risk of angular errors, particularly in the case of comparatively long boreholes and multi-part injection drill anchors, so that it is common to use spacers for centering the anchor, which are supported on the borehole wall and exert a centering effect on the anchor rods.
  • Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a spacer according to the invention, which is designed to cooperate specifically with an injection drill anchor according to FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the spacer is designated in its entirety by 30, which, among other things, consists of two axially spaced axially spaced-apart, to be pushed over anchor rods 2 or tube cylinders 6, 10, 14, 20, 21 of the same diameter, designed and configured to one another there are coaxial tubular elements 31, 32 or centering bodies.
  • These tubular elements 31, 32 are smooth on the inside and outside and are connected by a system of four elastic tension elements 34 which are symmetrically shaped with respect to a radial central plane 33. If necessary, other such tension elements 34 can also be provided, preferably in a uniform circumferential distribution. It is essential that - based on the central plane 33 - the parts located above or below this central plane 33 of the tension elements are each on the lateral surfaces of cones, the base of which lies in the central plane 33.
  • the extent of the angulation of the tension elements 34 is dimensioned such that the area 35 in the central plane 33 having the largest radius 35 corresponds at most to the radius 36 of the drill bit 4.
  • the system of tubular elements 31, 32 and tension elements 34 in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is made of steel, the tension elements 34 being welded in a suitable manner to the tube elements 31, 32 or in any other way connected to them. In principle, however, it is also possible to produce this spacer from a corresponding plastic.
  • the tension elements 34 are dimensioned in terms of their elasticity such that there is a certain deflection capacity in the direction of the arrows 37, but in any case a sufficient supporting effect on the anchor rod guided in the tube elements 31, 32 must be possible, in such a way that this anchor rod is held as centrally as possible within the borehole. This will be discussed in more detail below.
  • Numeral 38 denotes a plug-in body which is welded to the outside of the tubular element 31 and which is provided with a blind bore 39 which extends parallel to the axis 40 of the tubular elements.
  • the through bore 41 of a guide body 42 welded to the tubular element 32 extends coaxially to the blind bore 39.
  • the blind bore 39 and the through bore 41 have approximately the same diameter and are used for receiving a push rod 43 which is locked in the direction of arrow 44 in the blind bore 39 and is freely movable relative to the through bore 41.
  • a flushing agent for example air
  • a first spacer 30 is pushed over the end of the borehole mouth, the pipe elements 31, 32 of which, as already explained above, are dimensioned such that they press-fit valves without appreciable resistance via the anchor rods 2 15, coupling parts 3, etc. can be pushed.
  • the spacer 30 is pushed over in such a way that the tubular element 31 equipped with the plug-in body 38 is located on the side facing the bottom of the borehole.
  • the spacer 30 is pushed forward using the pressure rod 43, which acts directly on the tubular element 31 facing the bottom of the borehole and thus exerts a tensile force on the tubular element 32 facing the mouth of the borehole via the traction elements 34.
  • the extent of the angulation of the tension elements 34 in the central plane 33 is in this case also dimensioned in such a way that the regions with the largest radius of the tension elements 34 bear resiliently against the borehole wall, so that the Pipe elements 31, 32 and thus the anchor rod 2 are guided centrally.
  • the pressure rod 43 must have a length which corresponds practically to the final mounting position of the spacer. It can be made of an elastic material that can be unwound from a roll, but which has at least such inherent rigidity in order to be able to apply the aforementioned tensile force.
  • the spacer will stretch to a certain extent and thus overcome these wall unevenness during the feed along the boring bar.
  • the outer diameter of the injection drill anchor is practically the same as far as the drill head, so that advancement of the spacer is not hindered by any structural elements that protrude from the outer surface.
  • the injection drill anchor is thus characterized by a uniform mortar covering extending over its entire borehole length and thus a correspondingly reliable corrosion protection.
  • the secure and unambiguous centering of the anchor rod / anchor rods within the borehole also results in uniform strength properties of the anchorage with respect to the surrounding mountains, and this injection drill anchor is otherwise like a conventional one Injection drill anchors are used, ie an anchor plate together with a clamping nut is placed over the part protruding from the hole.
  • a graphic representation of these two construction elements known per se has been dispensed with.
  • a closure element which consists globally of a tubular cylinder 46, which is designed with respect to its external and internal thread and its radial dimensions corresponding to the anchor rods 2.
  • a tube element 47 is screwed into this tube cylinder 46, in such a way that it protrudes on one side by a length dimension 48 from the former.
  • This protruding part of the tubular element 47 forms a screw section which is intended to be screwed into one end of an anchor rod 2, in such a way that in the screwed state the tubular cylinder 46 bears directly on the anchor rod 2 and virtually forms its extension.
  • the end 50 of the tubular element 47 facing away from the screwing section is located within the tubular cylinder 46, specifically at a distance 49 from its associated end. This end thus forms a stop or a screw-in limitation for an end part 51, which corresponds to the tubular element 47 with regard to its external thread and its radial dimensions.
  • This end part 51 is the end protruding from the borehole mouth, which in the final state of the injection drill anchor serves for screwing on a clamping nut in connection with an anchor plate.
  • a plastic hose 52 is slipped over this end part 51, which hose can consist, for example, of PVC (polyvinyl chloride).
  • the plastic hose 52 lies essentially sealingly against the facing end of the tubular cylinder 46 and the length dimension of this plastic hose 52 determines the free length of the injection drill anchor on the borehole mouth side, which is not mortared to the borehole wall, since the plastic hose 52 is one Excludes composite effect between this end portion 51 and the surrounding mortar.

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Abstract

PCT No. PCT/EP92/01149 Sec. 371 Date Feb. 26, 1993 Sec. 102(e) Date Feb. 26, 1993 PCT Filed May 22, 1992 PCT Pub. No. WO93/04257 PCT Pub. Date Mar. 4, 1993.In order to achieve improved flow properties for a flushing medium charged with rock particles freed during the drilling phase, an injection drilling anchor is provided with anchor rods, coupling members, injection valves, an intermediate member containing a non-return valve, as well as drill head, which are designed such that these components are connected one to the other below one another always by screw fittings, so that in the assembled state one has a fully homogeneous structure from the drill head upwards. The drill head has an external thread extending uniformly over the full length and consequently has a uniform diameter, so that after drilling has taken place, starting from the mouth of the borehole, a spacer can be pushed within the borehole along the full length of the borehole over the anchor rods to any desired point. The anchor rods are provided over their full length with a uniform internal threading, sot hat a cutting to a particular length does not hinder their utility for use in the framework of the injection drilling anchor. The coupling members, the injection valves, intermediate member and the drill head for this purpose comprise tubular cylinders which correspond in terms of their internal and eternal threading with the anchor rods and which each have a stop function for the positional screwing together of the parts.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Injektionsbohranker entsprechend dem 0berbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to an injection drill anchor according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bohrstangen können als Elemente von Injektionsbohrankern verwendet werden, die bekanntlich nach erstelltem Bohrloch als verlorenes Werkzeug in diesem verbleiben. Es wird in diesem Fall nach Verfüllung des Bohrlochs mit einer Mörtelsuspension die Bohrstange nach Art eines Gebirgsankers benutzt, der über eine Ankerkopfplatte in Verbindung mit einer Spannmutter im Bereich der Bohrlochmündung gegenüber dem Gebirge verspannt wird.Boring bars can be used as elements of injection drill anchors, which are known to remain in the hole as a lost tool after the borehole has been created. In this case, after filling the borehole with a mortar suspension, the boring bar is used in the manner of a rock bolt, which is clamped in the area of the borehole mouth in relation to the rock via an anchor head plate in conjunction with a tension nut.

Beispielsweise ist aus der DE-PS 936 082 ein Injektionsbohranker bekannt, an dessen einem Ende ein Bohrkopf und an dessen anderem Ende ein abgesetzter Gewindeabschnitt angebracht ist, der der Verschraubung mittels der genannten Spannmutter dient. Die Ankerstange ist über ihre gesamte Länge mit schraubenlinienförmig gewundenen Wülsten sowie mit Querbohrungen versehen, die mit einem zentral verlaufenden Längskanal in durchgehender Verbindung stehen, über welchen der während des Bohrvorgangs entwickelte Gesteinsstaub abgesogen wird. Nach erstelltem Bohrloch wird über den Längskanal sowie die Querbohrungen eine Mörtelsuspension in das Bohrloch zwecks Verfüllung und Verankerung der Ankerstange eingebracht, wobei diese Suspension in vorhandene Klüfte und Spelten des Gebirges einbringt und insbesondere aufgrund der wulstartigen Verformung der Außenseite der Ankerstange nach Aushärtung einen sicheren Formschluß zwischen Ankerstange und umliegendem Gebirge ermöglicht.For example, an injection drill anchor is known from DE-PS 936 082, at one end of which a drill head is attached and at the other end of which a stepped threaded section is attached, which is used for screwing by means of the aforementioned Clamping nut is used. The anchor rod is provided over its entire length with helically wound beads as well as with cross bores, which are in continuous connection with a central longitudinal channel through which the rock dust developed during the drilling process is extracted. After the borehole has been created, a mortar suspension is introduced into the borehole via the longitudinal channel and the transverse boreholes for the purpose of backfilling and anchoring the anchor rod, this suspension introducing into existing fissures and crevices in the mountains and, in particular due to the bead-like deformation of the outside of the anchor rod after hardening, a secure positive fit between Anchor rod and surrounding mountains.

Die DE-PS 14 83 840 zeigt eine Gesteinsbohrstange mit zentral angeordnetem Spülkanal, der im Bereich eines anschraubbaren Bohrkopfes mit Austrittsbohrungen versehen ist. Die Bohrstange ist unter Verwendung einer mit Innengewinde versehenen Verbindungsmuffe verlängerbar, in welche eine weitere Bohrstange eingeschraubt ist und es sind die eingesetzten Bohrstangen im übrigen über ihre gesamte Länge mit einem vergleichsweise groben Gewinde nach Art eines Rundgewindes ausgerüstet. Eine solche Gesteinsbohrstange ist grundsätzlich zur Verwendung als Injektionsbohranker geeignet, wobei das Außengewinde der Bohrstangen während des Bohrens eine Transportfunktion erfüllt, nämlich dahingehend, daß die Rückströmung einer mit Gesteinspartikeln befrachteten Spülflüssigkeit unterstützt wird. Das gleiche Gewinde erfüllt in Verbindung mit dem ausgehärteten Mörtel eine Verankerungsfunktion, nämlich insoweit, als es den Formschluß zwischen Ankerstange und umliegenden Bohrlochwandungen herstellt. Schließlich erfüllt das Gewinde auch eine Verschraubungsfunktion, indem es die Verschraubung mit einer Verbindungsmuffe, jedoch auch mit einem Bohrkopf ermöglicht.DE-PS 14 83 840 shows a rock boring bar with a centrally located flushing channel, which is provided with outlet bores in the area of a screwable drilling head. The boring bar can be extended using a connecting sleeve provided with an internal thread, into which a further boring bar is screwed, and the boring bars used are otherwise equipped over their entire length with a comparatively coarse thread in the manner of a round thread. Such a rock boring bar is fundamentally suitable for use as an injection drilling anchor, the external thread of the boring bars fulfilling a transport function during drilling, namely in that the backflow of a flushing fluid loaded with rock particles is supported. The same thread fulfills an anchoring function in connection with the hardened mortar, namely insofar as it creates the positive connection between the anchor rod and the surrounding borehole walls. Finally, the thread also fulfills a screwing function by removing the screw with a connecting sleeve, but also with a drill head.

Aus der DE 32 34 406 A1 ist eine Bohrstange bekannt, die als rohrförmiger, innen- und außenseitig mit einer gewindeartigen Profilierung versehener Grundkörper ausgebildet ist. Zur Verbindung zweier solcher Bohrstangen werden Kupplungsteile vorgeschlagen, die ihrerseits wiederum als rohrförmige, einen durchgehenden Längskanal aufweisenden, mit Außengewinde versehenen und zum Einschrauben in die zu kuppelnden Bohrstangenenden bestimmten Grundkörper vorgeschlagen, die in einem mittleren Bereich mit einem ringkörperartigen Anschlag versehen ist, der eine Einschraubbegrenzung bildet. Der Anschlag kann als außenseitig glatter zylindrischer, durchmessergleich mit den Bohrstangen ausgebildeter, stirnseitig Kraftübertragungsflächen bildender Ringkörper ausgestaltet sein oder als durchmessermäßig kleiner als die Bohrstangenenden ausgebildete, somit radial außenseitig nicht in Erscheinung tretender Ringkörper ausgebildet sein. In jedem Fall ergibt sich bezüglich des außenseitigen Gewindes der Bohrstangen im Bereich deren Stoßstelle eine Unstetigkeitsstelle. Von Vorteil ist ein derartiges Kupplungsteil jedoch insoweit, als im Verbindungsbereich zweier Bohrstangen sich keinerlei, radial vorstehende Bauteile wie im Falle einer außenseitig aufgeschraubten Muffe ergeben.From DE 32 34 406 A1 a boring bar is known which is designed as a tubular base body provided on the inside and outside with a thread-like profiling. Coupling parts are proposed for connecting two such boring bars, which in turn are proposed as a tubular basic body with a continuous longitudinal channel, provided with an external thread and intended for screwing into the boring bar ends to be coupled, which is provided in a central region with an annular body-like stop, which limits the screwing in forms. The stop can be configured as a cylindrical body that is smooth on the outside and has the same diameter as the boring bars and forms force transmission surfaces on the end face, or as a ring body that is smaller in diameter than the boring bar ends and thus does not appear radially on the outside. In any case, there is a point of discontinuity in the area of the joint between the outside of the boring bars. However, such a coupling part is advantageous insofar as there are no radially projecting components in the connection area between two boring bars, as in the case of a sleeve screwed on the outside.

Wesentlich für eine einwandfreie Funktion eines Gebirgsankers, insbesondere im Zeitablauf ist, daß dieser innerhalb des Bohrlochs möglichst zentrisch angeordnet ist, so daß eine gleichmäßige Mörtelüberdeckung des Ankers über die gesamte eingemörtelte Länge gegeben ist. Denn nur bei einem zuverlässig mit Mörtel überdeckten Anker ist ein ausreichender Korrosionsschutz gegeben.It is essential for a rock anchor to function properly, particularly over time, that it is arranged as centrally as possible within the borehole, so that the anchor has a uniform mortar coverage over the entire length of the mortar. Adequate corrosion protection is only possible if the anchor is reliably covered with mortar.

Praktisch ist diese Voraussetzung jedoch oft schwer zu realisieren, zumindest ohne zusätzliche Maßnahmen. Ist beispielsweise die Ankerstange aufgrund örtlicher Inhomogenitäten entlang der Bohrlochwandung exzentrisch angeordnet, kann eine gleichmäßige Verfüllung, insbesondere Überdeckung bzw. Einbettung der Bohrstange nicht gewährleistet werden. Ein exzentrischer Sitz der Ankerstange innerhalb des Mörtelkörpers bringt jedoch die Gefahr mit sich, daß ein Teil der Ankerstange einem erhöhten Korrosionsangriff ausgesetzt ist, wodurch im Zeitablauf die Hauptfunktion des Gebirgsankers, nämlich die Vernagelung unterschiedlicher Gebirgsschichten in Frage gestellt ist.In practice, however, this requirement is often difficult to implement, at least without additional measures. If, for example, the anchor rod is arranged eccentrically along the borehole wall due to local inhomogeneities, uniform backfilling, in particular covering or embedding of the drill rod, cannot be guaranteed. However, an eccentric seat of the anchor rod within the mortar body entails the risk that part of the anchor rod is exposed to an increased corrosion attack, whereby the main function of the rock anchor, namely the nailing of different rock layers, is questioned over time.

Aus der DE-PS 38 28 335 sind Abstandhalter in Verbindung mit Injektionsbohrankern bekannt, welche aus einer, unmittelbar die Ankerstange umgebenden Halterungsnabe bestehen, die gegenüber der Ankerstange verschiebbar ist, wobei an dieser Halterungsnabe drei radial verlaufende Stege angeordnet sind, die über einen äußeren Ringkörper zusammengehalten werden. Der Gebrauch dieses Abstandhalters gestaltet sich derart, daß während der Erstellung eines Bohrlochs, und zwar vor dem Anbringen einer Verlängerungsankerstange dieser Abstandhalter mit seiner Halterungsnabe über das im Bohrloch befindliche Ankerstangenende geschoben wird, wobei aufgrund eines Anliegens der Halterungsnabe an einer, die Anbindung einer Verlängerungsankerstange ermöglichenden Kupplungsmutter der Abstandhalter während des weiteren Bohrfortschritts zusammen mit der Ankerstange in das Bohrloch eingeführt wird. Die Position des Abstandhalters ist bei dieser Ausführungsform somit durch die Position der Kupplungsmutter festgelegt. Während des Bohrens und nach erstelltem Bohrloch besteht praktisch keine bzw. keine einfache Möglichkeit den Zustand und die einwandfreie Funktion des Abstandhalters zu überprüfen. So kann dieser beispielsweise als Folge der hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen während des Bohrvortriebs, auch durch örtliche Inhomogenitäten des durchbohrten Gebirges beschädigt sein, so daß von diesem unter Umständen keinerlei Zentrierwirkung mehr ausgeht. Auch kann der Abstandhalter in Abhängigkeit von den örtlichen Gebirgsverhältnissen sowie der Beschaffenheit der als Folge des Bohrvorgangs gelösten Gesteinspartikel die Abführung bzw. Ausschwemmung derselben durch ein Spülmedium in manchen Fällen behindern.From DE-PS 38 28 335 spacers in connection with injection drill anchors are known, which consist of a directly surrounding the anchor rod retaining hub, which is displaceable relative to the anchor rod, with three radially extending webs being arranged on this mounting hub, which have an outer ring body be held together. The use of this spacer is such that during the creation of a borehole, and specifically before the attachment of an extension anchor rod, this spacer with its mounting hub is pushed over the anchor rod end located in the borehole, the attachment hub enabling the connection of an extension anchor rod due to the abutment of the mounting hub Coupling nut of the spacer is inserted into the borehole together with the anchor rod during further drilling progress. The position of the spacer is thus determined in this embodiment by the position of the coupling nut. During drilling and after the borehole has been created, there is practically no or no easy possibility of the condition and the perfect condition Check the function of the spacer. For example, as a result of the high mechanical stresses during the drilling operation, this can also be damaged by local inhomogeneities in the drilled rock, so that under certain circumstances no centering effect can be expected. Depending on the local rock conditions and the nature of the rock particles loosened as a result of the drilling process, the spacer can in some cases hinder the removal or flushing out of the same by a flushing medium.

Schließlich ist es in Verbindung mit der Erstellung sogenannter verrohrter Bohrungen bekannt, beim Setzen von Gebirgsankern Abstandhalter zu benutzen, durch welche diese innerhalb des Außenrohres der Bohrung zentriert werden. Bekanntlich wird in diesen Fällen der Gebirgsanker in ein mit Mörtel gefülltes Rohr eingeführt und soll möglichst zentrisch innerhalb desselben gehalten sein. Die hierbei eingesetzten Abstandhalter bestehen aus Kunststoff und sind im übrigen festigkeitsmäßig für eine Verwendung bei Injektionsbohrankern der bekannten Art völlig ungeeignet, daß sie den hohen mechanischen Beanspruchungen während der Bohrphase kaum gewachsen sind.Finally, in connection with the creation of so-called piped bores, it is known to use spacers when placing rock anchors, by means of which spacers are centered within the outer tube of the bore. As is known, in these cases the rock anchor is inserted into a pipe filled with mortar and should be kept as centrally as possible within it. The spacers used here are made of plastic and are, in terms of strength, completely unsuitable for use with injection drill anchors of the known type in that they are hardly able to withstand the high mechanical stresses during the drilling phase.

Es ist die Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Injektionsbohranker der eingangs bezeichneten Gattung dahingehend auszugestalten, daß sich optimale Abströmverhältnisse für ein, während des Bohrbetriebs mit Gesteinspartikeln befrachtetes Spülmedium ergeben. Gelöst ist diese Aufgabe bei einem gattungsgemäßen Injektionsbohranker durch die Merkmale des Kennzeichnungsteils des Anspruchs 1.It is the object of the invention to design an injection drill anchor of the type described in the introduction in such a way that optimal outflow conditions result for a flushing medium loaded with rock particles during the drilling operation. This object is achieved in a generic injection drill anchor by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Als Bohrstange wird ein Rohrelement verwendet, welches über seine gesamte Länge ein gleichmäßiges Innengewinde aufweist. Dieses Innengewinde ist erfindungsgemäß in Verbindung mit einem geeigneten Kupplungsteil zur Verlängerung, d.h. zum Anschrauben eines weiteren Rohrelements bzw. einer Bohrstange bestimmt und es eröffnet dies die Möglichkeit, diese Verlängerung ohne die Verwendung von außenseitig auftragenden Strukturelementen wie z.B. Verbindungsmuffen oder dergleichen vorzunehmen. Dies bedeutet gleichzeitig, daß die außenseitige Profilierung des Rohrelements trotz Verlängerung gleichförmig, insbesondere stetig bleibt, und zwar auch im Verbindungsbereich zweier Rohrelemente. Hieraus ergeben sich während des Bohrbetriebs optimale Abströmverhältnisse für das mit gelösten Gesteinspartikeln befrachtete Spülmedium, und zwar gleichförmig entlang der gesamten Bohrlänge. Die gleichförmige Profilierung verbessert ferner die Eignung des Bohrrohrs als Injektionsbohranker, welcher über seine gesamte eingemörtelte Länge einer gleichförmigen Verankerungswirkung unterliegt. Schließlich bringt das gleichmäßige Innengewinde auch die Möglichkeit mit sich, das Rohrelement im Bedarfsfall verkürzen zu können und entsprechend abgekürzte Längen mit weiteren Rohrelementen zu verbinden.A pipe element is used as the boring bar has a uniform internal thread over its entire length. According to the invention, this internal thread is intended in connection with a suitable coupling part for the extension, ie for screwing on a further tubular element or a boring bar, and this opens up the possibility of carrying out this extension without the use of external structural elements such as connecting sleeves or the like. At the same time, this means that the external profiling of the tubular element remains uniform, in particular steady, in spite of the extension, even in the connection area of two tubular elements. This results in optimal outflow conditions for the flushing medium loaded with loosened rock particles during the drilling operation, namely uniformly along the entire drilling length. The uniform profiling further improves the suitability of the drill pipe as an injection drill anchor, which is subject to a uniform anchoring effect over its entire mortared length. Finally, the uniform internal thread also offers the possibility of being able to shorten the pipe element if necessary and to connect correspondingly shortened lengths to other pipe elements.

Die außenseitige Profilierung des Rohrelements ist als Gewinde ausgebildet. Dies eröffnet die Möglichkeit, Außen- und Innengewinde des Rohrelements in einem einzigen Arbeitsgang, beispielsweise durch Kaltverformung der Außenseite hinzustellen. Im Verlängerungsfall, d.h. im Fall der Verbindung zweier in diesem Sinne ausgerüsteter Rohrlemente erstreckt sich somit das Gewinde gleichförmig über die gesamte Länge des Bohrelements, so daß über die gesamte Länge eine gleichmäßige Förderwirkung auf das mit Gesteinspartikeln während des Bohrvorgangs befrachtete Spülmedium ausgeübt wird.The outside profiling of the tubular element is designed as a thread. This opens up the possibility of placing the external and internal threads of the tubular element in a single operation, for example by cold-forming the outside. In the case of an extension, ie in the case of the connection of two pipe elements equipped in this way, the thread extends uniformly over the entire length of the drilling element, so that a uniform conveying effect is exerted over the entire length on the flushing medium loaded with rock particles during the drilling process.

Das Kupplungsteil ist zum Einschrauben in einander stirnseitig gegenüberliegende Rohrelementenenden bestimmt und soll in möglichst einfacher Weise gleiche Einschraublängen für beide Rohrelemente sicherstellen. Dies wird erfindungsgemäß in besonders einfacher Weise dadurch erreicht, daß das Kupplungsteil praktisch aus zwei ineinandergesteckten, somit zueinander koaxialen Rohrteilen besteht, nämlich einem äußeren, zumindest mit Außengewinde versehenen Rohrelement und einem in dieses eingesetzten, beispielsweise eingeschraubten inneren Rohrelement, welches stirnseitig vorzugsweise symmetrisch aus dem äußeren Rohrelement herausragt und mit seinen herausragenden Abschnitten die Gewindeabschnitte bildet, die zum Einschrauben in zwei stirnseitig miteinander zu verbindende Bohrstangen bestimmt sind. In besonders einfacher Weise sind somit die äußeren und inneren Rohrelemente jeweils als Gewinderohrelemente ausgebildet, die innen- und außenseitig Gewinde tragen, so daß das äußere Rohrelement auf das innere aufgeschraubt und in einer mitteleren Position zweckmäßigerweise durch Verschweißung fixiert ist. Indem das äußere Rohrelement von seinen radialen Abmessungen und seiner sonstigen Beschaffenheit praktisch einem Bohr-Rohrelement entspricht, ist im Verbindungsfall sichergestellt, daß trotz Verbindung zweier Rohrelemente die Außenseite derselben in Verbindungsbereich keinerlei außenseitige Unstetigkeiten aufweist. Das wenigstens eine Verpreßventil ist in einem Zwischenelement angeordnet, das seinerseits wiederum zur Verschraubung, hier zum Einschrauben in miteinander zu verbindende Bohr-Rohrelemente bestimmt ist. Die Zahl sowie die Anordnung der Verpreßventile kann aufgrund der modulartigen Ausbildung der genannten Zwischenelemente beliebig vorgenommen werden. In bestimmten Fällen kann lediglich ein Verpreßventil vorgesehen sein.The coupling part is intended to be screwed into opposite pipe element ends and is intended to ensure the same screw-in lengths for both pipe elements in the simplest possible way. This is achieved according to the invention in a particularly simple manner in that the coupling part practically consists of two nested pipe parts, thus coaxial to one another, namely an outer, at least externally threaded pipe element and an inner, for example screwed, inner pipe element, which is preferably symmetrical on the end face from the protrudes the outer tubular element and forms with its protruding sections the threaded sections which are intended for screwing into two boring bars to be connected to one another on the end face. In a particularly simple manner, the outer and inner tubular elements are each designed as threaded tube elements which carry threads on the inside and outside so that the outer tube element is screwed onto the inner one and is expediently fixed in a middle position by welding. By virtue of the fact that the outer tubular element practically corresponds to a drilling tubular element in terms of its radial dimensions and other properties, it is ensured in the case of a connection that, despite the connection of two tubular elements, the outside thereof does not have any external discontinuities in the connection area. The at least one compression valve is arranged in an intermediate element, which in turn is intended for screwing, in this case for screwing into drill pipe elements to be connected to one another. The number and the arrangement of the compression valves can be made arbitrarily due to the modular design of the intermediate elements mentioned. In certain cases, only a compression valve can be provided be.

Die wesentlichen Strukturelemente der Zwischenelemente sind wiederum innere- und äußere Rohrelemente, wobei das äußere Rohrelement wiederum innen- und außenseitig mit Gewinde versehen und zum Aufschrauben auf das innere Rohrelement bestimmt ist und in seinen radialen Abmessungen wiederum dem Bohr- bzw. Ankerrohrelement entspricht. Aus dem äußeren Rohrelement herausragende Rohrabschnitte des inneren Rohrelements bilden wiederum die Verschraubungsabschnitte, die zum Einschrauben in anzuschließende Bohrstangen bestimmt sind, wobei über die äußeren Rohrelemente wiederum die Einschraubtiefe in definierter Weise festgelegt ist. Es sind wiederum die äußeren Rohrelemente vorzugsweise in ihrer endgültigen Verschraubungsposition durch Verschweißung gegenüber den inneren Rohrelementen gesichert.The essential structural elements of the intermediate elements are in turn inner and outer tubular elements, the outer tubular element in turn being provided on the inside and outside with a thread and intended to be screwed onto the inner tubular element and the radial dimensions of which in turn correspond to the drilling or anchor tube element. Pipe sections of the inner pipe element which protrude from the outer pipe element in turn form the screw sections which are intended for screwing into boring bars to be connected, the screw-in depth being in turn defined in a defined manner via the outer pipe elements. Again, the outer tubular elements are preferably secured in their final screwing position by welding relative to the inner tubular elements.

Die Merkmale des Anspruchs 2 sind auf eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung eines Bohrkopfes gerichtet, der seinerseits - von seiner plattenartigen Bohrkrone abgesehen - aus Strukturelementen hergestellt sein kann, die denjenigen des Kupplungsteils entsprechen. Es ergibt sich hierbei ein Bohrkopf, der - ausgehend von der Bohrkrone zunächst eine Hinterschneidung aufweist und der zur Verschraubung mit einem Bohr-Rohrelement bestimmt ist, d.h. zum Einschrauben in dieses. Es ist der Bohrkopf zu diesem Zweck auf seiner, der Bohrkrone abgekehrten Seite mit einem, zum Einschrauben in das Bohr-Rohrelement bestimmten, mit Außengewinde versehenen Rohrabschnitt ausgerüstet. Unmittelbar an die Bohrkrone schließt sich ein inneres Rohrelement an, auf welches relativ kürzeres äußeres Rohrelement - unter Belassung der genannten Hinterschneidung gegenüber der Bohrkrone - aufgeschraubt ist, wobei der, aus dem äußeren Rohrelement herausragende Rohrabschnitt des inneren Rohrelements den zur Verschraubung bestimmten Rohrabschnitt, d.h. zum Einschrauben in ein Bohr-Rohrelement bestimmten Abschnitt bildet. Das äußere Rohrelement bildet hierbei wiederum während der Verschraubung mit dem Bohr-Rohrelement einen Anschlag und ist im übrigen hinsichtlich seiner radialen Abmessungen sowie seines insbesondere außenseitigen Gewindes vorzugsweise identisch mit dem Bohr-Rohrelement ausgebildet. Im angeschraubten Zustand des Bohrkopfes ergibt sich somit - ausgehend von dem genannten äußeren Rohrelement bis zum Ende der Bohrstange eine außenseitig gleichförmige Struktur der Bohrstange, und zwar auch im Verlängerungsfall.The features of claim 2 are directed to a particularly advantageous embodiment of a drill head, which in turn - apart from its plate-like drill bit - can be made from structural elements which correspond to those of the coupling part. The result is a drill head which - starting from the drill bit initially has an undercut and which is intended for screwing to a drill pipe element, ie for screwing into it. For this purpose, the drill head is equipped on its side facing away from the drill bit with a pipe section provided with an external thread and intended for screwing into the drill pipe element. Immediately adjacent to the drill bit is an inner pipe element, onto which a relatively shorter outer pipe element is screwed - leaving the undercut in relation to the drill bit mentioned, the one from the outer pipe element protruding pipe section of the inner pipe element forms the pipe section intended for screwing, ie, section intended for screwing into a drilling pipe element. The outer tubular element in turn forms a stop during the screwing with the drilling tubular element and is preferably configured identically with the drilling tubular element with regard to its radial dimensions and in particular its outside thread. When the drill head is screwed on, this results in a structure of the drill rod that is uniform on the outside, starting from the outer tubular element mentioned up to the end of the drill rod, even in the case of an extension.

Gemäß den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 3 ist im bohrkopfnahen Bereich innerhalb des Längskanals ein Rückschlagventil angeordnet, und zwar innerhalb eines Zwischenelements, welches dem Zwischenelement im wesentlichen entspricht, innerhalb welchem ein Verpreßventil angeordnet werden kann. Wesentlich ist im Falle des gleichzeitigen Einsatzes von Rückschlag- und Verpreßventilen, daß beide als federbelastete Ventile angesehen werden können, die sich jedoch niemals gleichzeitig im Öffnungszustand befinden. So soll das Rückschlagventil durch das Spülmedium nur während des Bohrbetriebs geöffnet werden, wobei jedoch der vergleichsweise geringe Spülmitteldruck nicht zum Öffnen der Verpreßventile ausreichend ist, so daß letztere während des Bohr- und Spülbetriebes in einem Schließzustand verharren. Umgekehrt soll während des Verpressens, d.h. des nachträglichen Einbringens von Mörtelsuspension, worauf im folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden wird diese praktisch nur über die Verpreßventile ausströmen, wobei aufgrund des Aushärtens der ursprünglichen Mörtelfüllung die Rückschlagventile in diesem Stadium funktionslos sind und sperren.According to the features of claim 3, a check valve is arranged in the area near the drill head within the longitudinal channel, specifically within an intermediate element which essentially corresponds to the intermediate element within which a compression valve can be arranged. It is essential in the case of the simultaneous use of non-return and compression valves that both can be regarded as spring-loaded valves, but which are never in the open state at the same time. Thus, the check valve should only be opened by the flushing medium during the drilling operation, but the comparatively low flushing medium pressure is not sufficient to open the injection valves, so that the latter remain in a closed state during the drilling and flushing operation. Conversely, during the grouting, ie the subsequent introduction of mortar suspension, which will be discussed in more detail below, it practically only flows out through the grouting valves, the check valves being inoperative and blocking at this stage due to the hardening of the original mortar filling.

Die Merkmale des Anspruchs 4 sind auf die konstruktive Ausbildung des Verpreßventils gerichtet. Wesentlich ist, daß die, die eigentliche Ventilfunktion übernehmenden Hüllkörper, welche beispielsweise aus einem gummielastischen Werkstoff bestehen können, zwischen zwei durchmessergleichen Rohrzylindern axial gesichert sind, wobei diese Rohrzylinder wiederum in ihren radialen Abmessungen sowie ihrer äußeren Beschaffenheit der mit Außengewinde versehenen Bohrstange entsprechen. Es werden vorzugsweise zwei Hüllkörper eingesetzt, und zwar ein innerer, aus einem relativ weichen elastischen Werkstoff bestehender, der eine Dichtungsfunktion übernimmt und ein äußerer, aus einem wiederum elastischen, beispielsweise gummielastischen Werkstoff bestehender, der eine Stüzfunktion übernimmt und im Bedarfsfall durch ein Gewebe in seinen Elastizitätseigenschaften modifiziert ist. Im eingebauten Zustand dieses Verpreßventils fügen sich die Hüllkörper in gleicher Weise wie die sich an diese axial beiderseits anschließenden Rohrzylinder in die "glatte" Struktur der ggf. verlängerten Bohrstange ein und es bildet das Verpreßventil somit insbesondere keine, aus der Struktur der Bohrstange radial herausragenden Strukturelemente, die - wie eingangs bereits dargelegt - die Strömung eines Spülmediums behindern könnten.The features of claim 4 are directed to the structural design of the compression valve. It is essential that the enveloping bodies that take over the actual valve function, which may for example consist of a rubber-elastic material, are axially secured between two tube cylinders of the same diameter, these tube cylinders in turn corresponding in their radial dimensions and their external characteristics to the boring bar provided with an external thread. Two envelopes are preferably used, namely an inner one, made of a relatively soft elastic material, which takes on a sealing function and an outer one, made of an again elastic, for example rubber-elastic material, which takes over a supporting function and, if necessary, through a fabric in its Elastic properties are modified. In the installed state of this compression valve, the enveloping bodies fit into the "smooth" structure of the possibly elongated boring bar in the same way as the tubular cylinders adjoining them axially on both sides, and the compression valve thus in particular does not form any structural elements which protrude radially from the structure of the boring bar which - as already stated at the beginning - could hinder the flow of a flushing medium.

Die Merkmale des Anspruchs 5 sind auf einen Abstandhalter gerichtet, der hinsichtlich seines praktischen Gebrauchs speziell auf erfindungsgemäße Bohrstangen hin ausgestaltet ist. Wesensmerkmal dieses Abstandhalters sind zwei, über radial ausgeformte, eine Abstandhaltefunktion erfüllende Zugelemente verbundene Zentrierungskörper, welche zum Überschieben über die Bohrstange bestimmt sind und wobei zum Vorschub ein besonderer Druckstab vorgesehen ist, der in eine, an dem, der Bohrlochsohle zugekehrten Führungskörper angeordneten Aufnahmeeinrichtung eingreift. Der Druckstab ist einsteckbar bezüglich der Aufnahmeeinrichtung ausgebildet. Wesentlich ist, daß der Abstandhalter nach Erstellen des Bohrlochs erst in dieses eingeführt wird, welches deshalb möglich ist, weil die Bohrstange trotz eventueller Verlängerungsstange sowie Verpreßventilen über ihre gesamte Länge einen gleichförmigen Durchmesser aufweist und der Überschiebewiderstand zumindest der Zentrierungskörper entlang der gesamten Bohrstange gleichförmig ausfällt. Es wird dieser Abstandhalter somit nachträglich in das Bohrloch entlang der Ankerstange eingeführt und zwar an die jeweils vorherbestimmten Positionen. Im Regelfall werden mehrere Abstandhalter unter vorgebbaren Abständen eingesetzt, welches mit dem genannten Druckstab problemlos möglich ist. Für den Fall, daß aufgrund von Wandungsinhomogenitäten der Einführung des Abstandhalters Widerstände entgegenstehen, wird dieser - nachdem die Druckübertragung über den Druckstab auf den, der Bohrlochsohle zugekehrten Führungskörper erfolgt - durch radiale Einwärtsverformung der Zugelemente gestreckt, so daß die Wandungsinhomogenität, z.B. eine geringfügige Einschnürung des Bohrlochdurchmessers überwunden werden kann. Für den Fall hingegen, daß die Wandungsinhomogenität ein bestimmtes Maß überschreitet, nämlich dahingehend, daß die sich ergebende Einschnürung zu weitgehend ausfällt, kann dies anhand des Einführungswiderstands des Abstandhalters nicht nur erkannt werden, sondern es kann auch der Abstand dieser "Störungsstelle" von der Bohrlochmündung in einfachster Weise festgestellt werden. Besonders vorteilhaft ist hierbei, daß der Abstandhalter festigkeitsmäßig nicht mit Hinblick auf die mechanisch sehr hohen Beanspruchungen des Bohrbetriebs hin ausgelegt sein muß und durchaus auch als Kunststoffteil ausgebildet sein kann. Vorzugsweise ist dieser jedoch aus Metall ausgebildet.The features of claim 5 are directed to a spacer which, with regard to its practical use, is specifically designed for boring bars according to the invention. The essential feature of this spacer are two centering bodies which are connected via radially shaped tension elements which fulfill a spacing function and which are intended to be pushed over the boring bar and a special one for the feed Pressure rod is provided which engages in a receiving device arranged on the guide body facing the bottom of the borehole. The push rod is designed to be insertable with respect to the receiving device. It is essential that the spacer is only inserted into the borehole after it has been drilled, which is possible because the boring bar has a uniform diameter over its entire length despite any extension bar and compression valves and the sliding resistance at least of the centering body is uniform along the entire boring bar. This spacer is thus subsequently inserted into the borehole along the anchor rod and at the respectively predetermined positions. As a rule, several spacers are used at predeterminable distances, which is easily possible with the pressure rod mentioned. In the event that resistance to the introduction of the spacer due to wall inhomogeneities, this is stretched by radial inward deformation of the tension elements after the pressure is transferred via the pressure rod to the guide body facing the bottom of the borehole, so that the wall inhomogeneity, for example a slight constriction of the Borehole diameter can be overcome. In the case, however, that the wall inhomogeneity exceeds a certain level, namely that the resulting constriction turns out to be too large, this can not only be recognized from the insertion resistance of the spacer, but also the distance of this "fault location" from the hole opening can be determined in the simplest way. It is particularly advantageous here that the spacer does not have to be designed in terms of strength with regard to the mechanically very high stresses of the drilling operation, and certainly can also be designed as a plastic part. However, this is preferably made of metal.

Die Merkmale des Anspruchs 6 sind auf eine verbesserte Führung des Druckstabes gerichtet. Die Zentrierungskörper sind als Rohrelemente ausgebildet. Im Bedarfsfall kann das, der Bohrlochsohle zugekehrte Rohrelement stirnseitig eine abgerundete Gestalt aufweisen, so daß Wandungsinhomogenitäten geglättet werden können. Der Druckstab ist in die genannte Aufnahmeeinrichtung einsteckbar. Er muß eine Eigensteifigkeit aufweisen, die zur Überwindung des Vorschubwiderstands des Abstandhalters ausreichend ist. Soweit dies gegeben ist, kann als Druckstab auch ein aufrollbarer Körper benutzt werden.The features of claim 6 are directed to improved guidance of the pressure rod. The centering bodies are designed as tubular elements. If necessary, the tubular element facing the bottom of the borehole can have a rounded shape on the end face, so that wall inhomogeneities can be smoothed. The pressure rod can be inserted into the receiving device mentioned. It must have a rigidity which is sufficient to overcome the feed resistance of the spacer. If this is the case, a rollable body can also be used as the pressure rod.

Die Merkmale der Ansprüche 7 und 8 sind auf eine besondere Ausgestaltung des bohrlochmündungsseitigen Endes des Injektionsbohrankers gerichtet, wobei wiederum weitestgehend von den grundlegenden Strukturelementen der übrigen Komponenten des Injektionsbohrankers Gebrauch gemacht wird, nämlich von Rohrzylindern, die außenseitig und - vorzugsweise auch innenseitig - mit Gewinde versehen sind sowie von Rohrelementen, die zumindest außenseitig ein Gewinde aufweisen und zum Einstecken bzw. Einschrauben in die genannten Rohrzylinder bestimmt und ausgestaltet sind. Letztgenannte Rohrelemente bilden die Verschraubungsabschnitte, die zum Einschrauben beispielsweise in ein Ankerstangenelement bestimmt sind und das außenseitige Gewinde der Rohrzylinder bildet eine stetige Verlängerung des Außengewindes der Bohr- bzw. Ankerstangen. Es sind demzufolge die zum Einschrauben bestimmten Gewindeabschnitte des "innenliegenden" Rohrelements derart ausgelegt, daß der genannte Rohrzylinder stirnseitig an entsprechenden Gegenflächen einer Ankerstange anliegt. Das aus der Bohrlochmündung teilweise herausragende Rohrelement dient im Endmontagezustand des Injektionsbohrankers in Verbindung mit einer Ankerkopfplatte sowie einer Spannmutter der Verspannung gegenüber dem Gebirge. Letztgenanntes Rohrelement dient jedoch erfindungsgemäß auch dem Überschieben eines Kunststoffschlauchs, um eine sogenannte freie Ankerlänge im Bereich der Bohrlochmündung sicherzustellen, die nicht mit dem umliegenden Gebirge vermörtelt ist. Dieser Kunststoffschlauch wird bis zu einem stirnseitigen Anliegen an dem sich anschließenden Rohrzylinder vorgeschoben, so daß der, durch den Schlauch umgebene Abschnitt des Rohrelements gegenüber jeglichen Wechselwirkungen mit einem Mörtel abgeschirmt ist.The features of claims 7 and 8 are directed to a special embodiment of the end of the injection drill anchor on the borehole mouth, again making use of the basic structural elements of the other components of the injection drill anchor, namely tubular cylinders which are threaded on the outside and - preferably also on the inside are and of tubular elements which have a thread at least on the outside and are designed and designed for insertion or screwing into said tube cylinders. The latter pipe elements form the screw sections, which are intended for screwing into an anchor rod element, for example, and the outside thread of the tube cylinder forms a continuous extension of the external thread of the drill or anchor rods. Accordingly, the threaded sections of the "internal" tubular element intended for screwing in are designed such that the aforementioned tubular cylinder rests on the end face on corresponding counter surfaces of an anchor rod. That from the In the final assembly state of the injection drill anchor in conjunction with an anchor head plate and a tension nut, the bore hole mouth partially protruding tube element serves to brace against the rock. However, the last-mentioned pipe element also serves, according to the invention, to push a plastic hose over to ensure a so-called free anchor length in the region of the borehole mouth, which is not mortared with the surrounding mountains. This plastic hose is pushed up to an end face contact with the adjoining pipe cylinder, so that the section of the pipe element surrounded by the hose is shielded from any interactions with a mortar.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden unter Bezugnahme auf das in den Zeichnungen dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Injektionsbohrankers in größtenteils demontiertem Zustand;
  • Fig. 2 eine Darstellung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kupplungsteils zur Verbindung zweier Ankerstangen;
  • Fig. 3 ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen, zur Verwendung bei Injektionsbohrankern gemäß Fig. 1 bestimmten Abstandhalters;
  • Fig. 4 eine Darstellung des bohrlochmündungsseitigen Endbereichs eines Injektionsbohrankers gemäß Fig. 1 in größtenteils demontiertem Zustand.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiment shown in the drawings. Show it:
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an injection drill anchor according to the invention in a largely disassembled state.
  • 2 shows an illustration of a coupling part according to the invention for connecting two anchor rods;
  • 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of a spacer according to the invention intended for use in injection drilling anchors according to FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows an illustration of the end region of an injection drill anchor according to FIG. 1 on the borehole mouth in the largely disassembled state.

Die wesentlichen Komponenten des in den Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Injektionsbohrankers sind ein Bohrkopf 1, eine Ankerstange 2 sowie ein Kupplungsteil 3, welches zur Verbindung zweier untereinander gleicher Bohrstangen 2 bestimmt und ausgestaltet ist.The essential components of the injection drill anchor shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are a drill head 1, an anchor rod 2 and a coupling part 3, which is designed and designed to connect two mutually identical drill rods 2.

Der Bohrkopf 1 besteht aus einer axial vergleichsweise kurzen, plattenartigen, mit Schneidkanten oder dergleichen bestückten Bohrkrone 4, an der ein Rohrelement 5 angeschweißt ist. Das Rohrelement 5 ist über seine gesamte Länge mit einem Außengewinde versehen und es ist auf dieses Rohrelement 5 ein Rohrzylinder 6 aufgeschraubt und mit diesem in der Verschraubungsposition verschweißt. Der Rohrzylinder 6 ist kürzer bemessen als das Rohrelement 5 und es ist die Verschraubungsposition dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Rohrelement 5 auf der, der Bohrkrone 4 abgekehrten Seite des Rohrzylinders 6 um ein Maß 7 aus letzterem herausragt. Der Rohrzylinder 6 ist seinerseits mit einem Außengewinde versehen, auf dessen Bedeutung im folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden wird.The drill head 1 consists of an axially comparatively short, plate-like drill bit 4 equipped with cutting edges or the like, to which a tubular element 5 is welded. The tubular element 5 is provided with an external thread over its entire length and a tubular cylinder 6 is screwed onto this tubular element 5 and welded to it in the screwed position. The tubular cylinder 6 is dimensioned shorter than the tubular element 5 and the screwing position is characterized in that the tubular element 5 is on the side of the tubular cylinder 6 facing away from the drill bit 4 Dimension 7 protrudes from the latter. The tubular cylinder 6 is in turn provided with an external thread, the meaning of which will be discussed in more detail below.

Entlang der Achse 8 erstreckt sich ein in einer zeichnerisch nicht dargestellten Austrittsbohrung der Bohrkrone 4 verlaufender zentraler Längskanal, wobei im Bereich der Bohrkrone 4 auch zusätzliche Austrittskanäle vorgesehen sein können.Along the axis 8 extends a central longitudinal channel running in an exit bore of the drill bit 4, which is not shown in the drawing, wherein additional exit channels can also be provided in the area of the drill bit 4.

Mit 6' ist eine Querbohrung bezeichnet, die das Rohrelement 5 sowie den Rohrzylinder 6 durchdringt und eine Verbindung zu dem genannten Längskanal herstellt. Über sämtliche Austrittsbohrungen einschließlich der Querbohrung/Querbohrungen 6' wird während des Bohrbetriebes ein Spülmittel, z.B. Wasser oder auch Luft geführt, wobei nach Erstellung der Bohrung über diese Bohrungen eine Mörtelsuspension oder ein sonstiges vergleichbares aushärtungsfähiges Medium in das Bohrloch strömt.With 6 'a transverse bore is designated, which penetrates the tubular element 5 and the tubular cylinder 6 and establishes a connection to the longitudinal channel mentioned. During the drilling operation, a washing-up liquid, e.g. Water or air is conducted, with a mortar suspension or other comparable hardenable medium flowing into the borehole through these boreholes after the borehole has been drilled.

Mit 9 ist ein Zwischenelement bezeichnet, welches global aus einem Rohrzylinder 10 und einem Rohrelement 11 besteht. Das Rohrelement 11 ist teilweise in den Rohrzylinder 10 eingeschraubt und kann in der Verschraubungsposition beispielsweise durch Verschweißung fixiert sein. Der Rohrzylinder 10 ist seinerseits zur Verschraubung mit dem Rohrelement 5, insbesondere dessen Rohrabschnitt 12 bestimmt.9 designates an intermediate element, which consists globally of a tube cylinder 10 and a tube element 11. The tubular element 11 is partially screwed into the tubular cylinder 10 and can be fixed in the screwed position, for example by welding. The tubular cylinder 10 is in turn intended for screwing to the tubular element 5, in particular the tubular section 12 thereof.

Das Zwischenelement 9 beinhaltet ein zeichnerisch nicht dargestelltes Rückschlagventil, welches innerhalb des, sich in Richtung der Achse 8 erstreckenden Längskanals angeordnet ist. Es ist dieses Rückschlagventil federbelastet und auf einen bestimmten Druck eingestellt, und zwar dahingehend, daß es unter Druck einen Durchfluß in Richtung des Pfeiles 13 freigibt, eine Rückströmung entgegen dem Pfeil 13 hingegen unterbindet. Auf die Bedeutung dieses Rückschlagventils wird im folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden.The intermediate element 9 contains a check valve, not shown in the drawing, which is arranged within the longitudinal channel extending in the direction of the axis 8. It is spring-loaded and set to a certain pressure, and this check valve to the extent that it releases a flow under pressure in the direction of arrow 13, but prevents a backflow against arrow 13. The importance of this check valve will be discussed in more detail below.

Wesentlich ist, daß in der Verschraubungsposition des Zwischenelements 9 mit dem Bohrkopf 1 die Rohrzylinder 6, 10 unmittelbar aneinander liegen.It is essential that in the screwing position of the intermediate element 9 with the drill head 1, the tubular cylinders 6, 10 are directly adjacent to one another.

Mit 14 ist ein Ankerstangenelement bezeichnet, welches durchmessermäßig den Rohrzylindern 6,10 entspricht und außenseitig sowie innenseitig mit einem durchgehenden Gewinde versehen ist. Das Ankerstangenelement 14 kann eine individuell angepaßte Länge haben und ist im montierten Zustand mit dem, aus dem Rohrzylinder 10 herausragenden Rohrabschnitt 15 des Rohrelements 11 derart verschraubt, daß das Ankerstangenelement 14 stirnseitig an dem Rohrzylinder 10 anliegt.14 denotes an anchor rod element which corresponds in diameter to the tubular cylinders 6, 10 and is provided on the outside and on the inside with a continuous thread. The anchor rod element 14 can have an individually adapted length and, in the assembled state, is screwed to the tube section 15 of the tube element 11 protruding from the tube cylinder 10 such that the anchor rod element 14 abuts the tube cylinder 10 on the end face.

Mit 15 ist ein Verpreßventil bezeichnet, welches aus einem Rohrelement 16 besteht, welches in einem zentralen Bereich eine oder - in gleichmäßiger Umfangsverteilung mehrere Querbohrungen 17 aufweist. Die Querbohrungen 17 werden von einem ersten, aus einem relativ weichen elastischen Werkstoff bestehenden Hüllkörper 18 umgeben, der seinerseits außenseitig koaxial von einem weiteren, ebenfalls elastischen, eine Stützwirkung ausübenden Hüllkörper 19 umgeben ist. Die Hüllkörper 18,19 bilden im innenseitig drucklosen Zustand des Rohrelements 16 eine zuverlässige Abdichtung der Querbohrungen 17.With 15 a compression valve is designated, which consists of a tubular element 16 which has one or - in a uniform circumferential distribution a plurality of transverse bores 17 in a central region. The transverse bores 17 are surrounded by a first enveloping body 18 made of a relatively soft elastic material, which in turn is coaxially surrounded on the outside by a further, also elastic enveloping body 19, which exerts a supporting effect. The enveloping bodies 18, 19 form a reliable seal of the transverse bores 17 when the tubular element 16 is depressurized on the inside.

Mit 20, 21 sind vergleichsweise kurze Rohrzylinder bezeichnet, die axial beidseitig der Hüllkörper 18,19 auf das Rohrelement 16 aufgeschraubt sind und eine axiale Sicherung für die Hüllkörper bilden. Die Rohrzylinder 20,21 können in der endgültigen Verschraubungsposition durch Verschweißung mit dem Rohrelement 16 gesichert sein. Es sind die Rohrzylinder 20, 21 sowie der Hüllkörper 19 im übrigen durchmessergleich bemessen. Die Rohrzylinder 20,21 in Verbindung mit den Hüllkörpern 18,19 weisen im übrigen eine solche axiale Länge auf, daß sich an beiden stirnseitigen Enden des Verpreßventils 15 Rohrabschnitte 23, 24 ergeben, die zum Einschrauben einerseits in das Ankerstangenelement 14 und andererseits in die Ankerstange 2 bestimmt sind. Auf die Bedeutung und Wirkungsweise des Verpreßventils 15 wird im folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden.20, 21 designate comparatively short tubular cylinders, which are screwed axially on both sides of the enveloping body 18, 19 onto the tubular element 16 and one Form axial securing for the enveloping body. The tubular cylinders 20, 21 can be secured in the final screwing position by welding to the tubular element 16. The tube cylinders 20, 21 and the enveloping body 19 are otherwise of the same diameter. The tube cylinders 20, 21 in connection with the enveloping bodies 18, 19 have such an axial length that 15 tube sections 23, 24 result on both ends of the compression valve 15, which are screwed into the anchor rod element 14 and into the anchor rod 2 are determined. The meaning and mode of operation of the compression valve 15 will be discussed in more detail below.

Die das Verpreßventil 15 umfassenden Komponenten bilden ein weiteres Zwischenelement 9'. Die Ausgestaltung des Verpreßventils entsprechend der oben dargelegten Weise ist nicht zwingend notwendig und es können auch andere Ausführungsformen eingesetzt werden. Wesentlich ist lediglich, daß das Verpreßventil keine radial über die Rohrzylinder 20,21 hinausragenden Bauelemente aufweist und funktionell nach Art eines federbelasteten Rückschlagventils ausgebildet ist, welches erst bei einem solchen Druck öffnet, der zum nachträglichen Verpressen erforderlich ist, hingegen während des Spülbetriebs im Schließzustand verharrt.The components comprising the compression valve 15 form a further intermediate element 9 '. The configuration of the compression valve in accordance with the manner set out above is not absolutely necessary and other embodiments can also be used. It is only essential that the compression valve has no components protruding radially beyond the tubular cylinders 20, 21 and is functionally designed in the manner of a spring-loaded check valve which only opens at a pressure which is required for subsequent pressing, but remains in the closed state during the flushing operation .

Wesensmerkmal des Kupplungsteils 3 gemäß Fig. 2 ist wiederum ein Rohrelement 25, welches durchmessermäßig den Rohrelementen 5, 11,16 entspricht und welches etwa mittig einen aufgeschraubten Rohrzylinder 26 trägt, der durchmessermäßig der Ankerstange 2 entspricht. Etwa symmetrisch beiderseits des Rohrzylinders 26 erstrecken sich Rohrabschnitte 27,28 des Rohrelements 25 und es kann die Position des Rohrzylinders 26 durch Verschweißung mit dem Rohrelement 25 gesichert sein.The essential feature of the coupling part 3 according to FIG. 2 is in turn a tubular element 25 which corresponds in diameter to the tubular elements 5, 11, 16 and which carries approximately in the middle a screwed-on tubular cylinder 26 which corresponds in diameter to the anchor rod 2. Pipe sections 27, 28 of the tubular element 25 extend approximately symmetrically on both sides of the tubular cylinder 26 and the position of the tubular cylinder 26 can be achieved by welding be secured with the tubular element 25.

Das Kupplungsteil 3 dient zum Ankuppeln einer weiteren Ankerstange 2 derart, daß dessen Rohrabschnitte 27,28 in die zu verbindenden Ankerstangenenden eingeschraubt werden, und zwar derart, daß die stirnseitigen Enden der zu verbindenden Ankerstange unmittelbar an dem Rohrzylinder 26 anliegen.The coupling part 3 is used to couple a further anchor rod 2 in such a way that its tube sections 27, 28 are screwed into the ends of the anchor rod to be connected, in such a way that the front ends of the anchor rod to be connected bear directly against the tube cylinder 26.

Wesensmerkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Injektionsbohrankers sind somit Ankerstangen 2 bzw. Ankerstangenelemente 14, die über ihre gesamte Länge innen- und außenseitig mit einem Gewinde versehen sind, wobei die einzelnen Elemente dieses Bohrankers, nämlich Bohrkopf 1, Zwischenelemente 9,9' Ankerstangenelement 14, Ankerstange 2 und weitere, über Kupplungsteile 3 angeschlossene Ankerstangenabschnitte 2 durch innenseitige Verschraubung aneinander fixiert werden. Aufgrund der Tatsache, daß die Ankerstangen 2 bzw. 14 über ihre gesamte Länge mit einem gleichförmigen Innen- und Außengewinde versehen sind, sind diese im Bedarfsfall in beliebiger Weise ablängbar und an den jeweiligen Einsatzfall anpaßbar. Durch eine entsprechende Längenbemessung der Rohrabschnitte 12, 15, 23, 24 wird in einfachster Weise erreicht, daß die endgültige Einschraubposition durch die Längenbemessung dieser Rohrabschnitte festgelegt ist und demzufolge keine weiteren Arretierungen erforderlich sind. Vergleichbares gilt auch für das Kupplungsteil 3, dessen mittlerer Rohrzylinder 26 eine Anschlagfunktion für die stirnseitigen Enden der über die Rohrabschnitte 27, 28 aufgeschraubten Ankerstangen ausübt.The essential feature of the injection drill anchor according to the invention are thus anchor rods 2 or anchor rod elements 14, which are provided with threads on the inside and outside over their entire length, the individual elements of this drill anchor, namely drill head 1, intermediate elements 9, 9 '' anchor rod element 14, anchor rod 2 and further anchor rod sections 2 connected via coupling parts 3 can be fixed to one another by screwing on the inside. Due to the fact that the anchor rods 2 and 14 are provided with a uniform internal and external thread over their entire length, they can be cut to length and adapted to the respective application if necessary. By appropriate length dimensioning of the pipe sections 12, 15, 23, 24 it is achieved in a very simple manner that the final screw-in position is determined by the length dimensioning of these pipe sections and consequently no further locking devices are required. The same applies to the coupling part 3, the central tube cylinder 26 of which performs a stop function for the front ends of the anchor rods screwed on the tube sections 27, 28.

Man erkennt aus obigen Ausführungen bereits, daß der erfindungsgemäße Injektionsbohranker im montierten Zustand trotz Zusammensetzung aus unterschiedlichen Funktionselementen eine außenseitig - mit dem Rohrzylinder 6 der Bohrkrone 1 beginnend und sich bis in den Bereich der Bohrlochmündung erstreckende gleichförmige, durch ein Außengewinde charakterisierte Außenkontur aufweist, welche insbesondere keine aus dieser Kontur herausragenden Teile aufweist. Sieht man von der Gewindeverformung der Außenseite ab, bildet der montierte Injektionsbohranker eine außenseitig "glatte" Oberfläche.It can be seen from the above statements that the injection drill anchor according to the invention in the assembled state, despite being composed of different ones Functional elements on the outside - starting with the tubular cylinder 6 of the drill bit 1 and extending to the area of the borehole mouth, having a uniform outer contour characterized by an external thread, which in particular has no parts protruding from this contour. Apart from the thread deformation on the outside, the assembled injection drill anchor forms a "smooth" surface on the outside.

Es wird dieser Injektionsbohranker in an sich bekannter Weise zunächst wie eine Bohrstange benutzt, d.h. es strömt über den zentralen, sich in Richtung der Achse 8 erstreckenden Längskanal ein Spülmedium, z.B. Wasser oder auch Luft. Dieses Spülmedium tritt während des Bohrbetriebs lediglich über die Austrittsbohrungen der Bohrkrone 4 bzw. die Querbohrungen 6' des Bohrkopfes aus, nimmt die, durch die Bohrkrone 4 als Folge des Bohrbetriebs gelösten Gesteinspartikel auf, um diese in Gegenrichtung zu dem Pfeil 13, somit in Richtung der Bohrlochmündung hin auszutragen. Gleichzeitig übt das Spülmedium eine Kühlwirkung auf die Bohrkrone aus. Besonders vorteilhaft ist, daß sich unmittelbar - in Gegenrichtung zu dem Pfeil 13 gesehen - hinter der Bohrkrone 4 eine Hinterschneidung 29 ergibt, welche die Abführung der gelösten Gesteinspartikel oder des sonstigen Bohrkleins begünstigt.This injection drill anchor is initially used in a manner known per se like a drill rod, i.e. a rinsing medium flows through the central longitudinal channel extending in the direction of the axis 8, e.g. Water or air. This flushing medium only emerges during the drilling operation via the outlet bores of the drill bit 4 or the transverse bores 6 'of the drill head, and takes up the rock particles loosened by the drill bit 4 as a result of the drilling operation, in order to move them in the opposite direction to the arrow 13 the mouth of the borehole. At the same time, the flushing medium has a cooling effect on the drill bit. It is particularly advantageous that there is an undercut 29 directly behind the drill bit 4, as seen in the opposite direction to the arrow 13, which promotes the removal of the loosened rock particles or other cuttings.

Es ist - wie oben bereits ausgeführt - das federbelastete, innerhalb des Zwischenelements 9 sowie innerhalb des genannten Längskanals angeordnete Rückschlagventil derart bemessen, daß dieses unter dem Druck, unter dem das Spülmedium während des Bohrbetriebs steht, öffnet und ein Durchströmen in Richtung des Pfeils 13 zuläßt. Das Verpreßventil 15 hingegen ist durch entsprechende werkstoffliche und sonstige Auslegung der Hüllkörper 18,19 derart ausgelegt, daß unter dem Spüldruck eine Öffnung nicht stattfindet, so daß dieses Verpreßventil 15 während des Bohrbetriebs praktisch funktionslos ist.It is - as already stated above - the spring-loaded check valve arranged within the intermediate element 9 and within the longitudinal channel mentioned in such a way that it opens under the pressure under which the flushing medium is during drilling operation and permits flow in the direction of arrow 13 . The compression valve 15, however, is by appropriate material and other design of the enveloping body 18,19 designed such that an opening does not take place under the flushing pressure, so that this compression valve 15 is practically inoperative during the drilling operation.

Günstig wirkt sich während des Bohrbetriebs das gleichförmige, sich über die gesamte Länge sämtlicher Ankerstangen 2 erstreckende Außengewinde aus, so daß durch dieses nicht nur eine Förderwirkung auf die aus dem Bohrloch zu entfernenden Gesteinspartikel ausgeübt wird sondern aufgrund der im wesentlichen "glatten", d.h. ohne außenseitig auftragende Konstruktionselemente gekennzeichneten Oberfläche des Injektionsbohrankers optimale Durchströmungsverhältnisse für das mit Bohrklein befrachtete Spülmedium bestehen.The uniform external thread, which extends over the entire length of all anchor rods 2, has a favorable effect during the drilling operation, so that this not only exerts a conveying effect on the rock particles to be removed from the borehole but also due to the essentially "smooth", i.e. Without the surface of the injection drill anchor marked on the outside, there are optimal flow conditions for the flushing medium loaded with cuttings.

Nach Vollendung des Bohrlochs wird der Injektionsbohranker, insbesondere dessen Längsbohrung zum Einführen einer Mörtelsuspension oder eines sonstigen aushärtungsfähigen Mediums benutzt, welche in einer ersten Phase wiederum lediglich über die Austrittsbohrungen und sonstigen Querbohrungen des Bohrkopfes 1 austritt und das Bohrloch - mit der Bohrlochsohle beginnend und in Gegenrichtung zu dem Pfeil 13 fortfahrend ausfüllt. Nach vollendetem Ausfüllen wird über das Rückschlagventil innerhalb des Zwischenelements 9 ein Rückströmen der Mörtelsuspension in den genannnten Längskanal verhindert.After completion of the borehole, the injection drill anchor, in particular its longitudinal borehole, is used to introduce a mortar suspension or other hardenable medium, which in a first phase only emerges via the outlet boreholes and other transverse boreholes of the drill head 1 and the borehole - starting with the bottom of the borehole and in the opposite direction continues to arrow 13. After filling is complete, the check valve within the intermediate element 9 prevents the mortar suspension from flowing back into the aforementioned longitudinal channel.

In der Folgezeit wird der Längskanal ausgespült, um innerhalb desselben noch verbliebene Mörtelsuspension zu entfernen.The longitudinal channel is then rinsed out in order to remove any remaining mortar suspension within it.

Nach Aushärtung des anfänglich eingebrachten Mörtels schließt sich ein erneutes Einbringen von Mörtelsuspension an, welche nunmehr unter hohem Druck steht und über das Verpreßventil 15 austritt. Es ist der Druck dieser zum Verpressen eingeführten Mörtelsuspension somit derart ausgelegt, daß ein Öffnen des Verpreßventils 15 stattfindet, welches während des anfänglichen Mörteleinbringens praktisch funktionslos war und die Querbohrungen 17 abgedichtet hat. Während dieses Verpressens findet ein weiteres Austreten von Mörtelsuspension über den Bohrkopf 1 praktisch nicht bzw. kaum noch statt.After the initially applied mortar has hardened, a further introduction of mortar suspension follows, which is now under high pressure and over the injection valve 15 emerges. The pressure of this mortar suspension introduced for pressing is thus designed in such a way that the pressing valve 15 opens, which was practically inoperative during the initial application of mortar and which sealed the transverse bores 17. During this pressing, there is practically no or hardly any further leakage of mortar suspension through the drill head 1.

Durch die, über das Verpreßventil 15 austretende Mörtelsuspension wird der den Injektionsbohranker in diesem Bereich umgebende, zumindest in der Anfangsphase der Aushärtung stehende Mörtelkörper aufgesprengt und über die sich zwischen den aufgesprengten Partikeln desselben bildenden Spalte strömt weitere Mörtelsuspension in das Bohrloch ein, welche aufgrund des hohen Druckes sich verstärkt innerhalb umliegenden Spalten des Gebirges ausbreitet und den genannten Mörtelkörper teilweise erheblich aufweitet.The mortar suspension exiting via the compression valve 15 blows up the mortar body surrounding the injection drill anchor in this area, at least in the initial phase of hardening, and further mortar suspension flows into the borehole through the gaps between the sprinkled particles, which due to the high Pressure spreads increasingly within the surrounding crevices of the mountains and in some cases considerably expands the mortar body mentioned.

Der Vorgang des Ausspülens des Längskanals sowie des erneuten Einbringens und Aufsprengens des Mörtelkörpers kann mehrere Male wiederholt werden, wobei ein Aufsprengen durch Mörtel, jedoch auch durch Wasser möglich ist. Im Ergebnis wird somit der den Injektionsbohranker umgebende Mörtel körper im Bereich des Verpreßventils aufgeweitet und eine zuverlässige Verankerungswirkung erzeugt. Naturgemäß können ein oder auch mehrere Verpreßventile entlang der Struktur des Gebirgsankers vorgesehen sein, welche aufgrund des modularen Aufbaus der einzelnen Konstruktionselemente des Injektionsbohrankers an praktisch beliebiger Stelle desselben in dessen Struktur einfügbar sind.The process of rinsing out the longitudinal channel and reinserting and blowing open the mortar body can be repeated several times, it being possible for the mortar to burst open, but also with water. As a result, the mortar body surrounding the injection drilling anchor is thus expanded in the region of the injection valve and a reliable anchoring effect is generated. Naturally, one or more compression valves can be provided along the structure of the rock anchor, which, due to the modular structure of the individual structural elements of the injection drill anchor, can be inserted into the structure thereof at practically any point.

Wesentlich für eine zuverlässige Funktion eines Injektionsbohrankers, insbesondere in Zeitablauf gesehen, ist eine möglichst gleichförmige und innerhalb des Bohrlochs allseitig wirkende Überdeckung mit einem Mörtel oder einem sonstigen aushärtungsfähigen Medium. Dies dient auch der Erreichung eines ausreichenden Korrosionsschutzes und damit der Erzielung gleichmäßiger Festigkeitseigenschaften des Gesamtsystems aus Injektionsbohranker und umgebendem Mörtel. Nun besteht insbesondere bei vergleichsweise langen Bohrlöchern und mehrteiligen Injektionsbohrankern stets die Gefahr von Winkelfehlern, so daß zur Zentrierung des Ankers die Verwendung von Abstandhaltern üblich ist, welche an der Bohrlochwandung abgestützt sind und eine Zentrierungswirkung auf die Ankerstangen ausüben.Essential for the reliable functioning of an injection drill anchor, seen in particular in the course of time, is a covering which is as uniform as possible and which acts on all sides within the borehole with a mortar or another hardenable medium. This also serves to achieve adequate corrosion protection and thus to achieve uniform strength properties of the overall system consisting of the injection drill anchor and the surrounding mortar. Now there is always the risk of angular errors, particularly in the case of comparatively long boreholes and multi-part injection drill anchors, so that it is common to use spacers for centering the anchor, which are supported on the borehole wall and exert a centering effect on the anchor rods.

Fig. 3 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines erfindungsgemäßen Abstandhalters, der zum Zusammenwirken speziell mit einem Injektionsbohranker entsprechend den Fig. 1 und 2 ausgestaltet ist.Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of a spacer according to the invention, which is designed to cooperate specifically with an injection drill anchor according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

Mit 30 ist in Fig. 3 der Abstandhalter in seiner Gesamtheit bezeichnet, der unter anderem aus zwei, axial mit Abstand voneinander angeordneten, durchmessermäßig zum Überschieben über Ankerstangen 2 bzw. durchmessergleiche Rohrzylinder 6, 10, 14, 20, 21 bestimmten und ausgestalteten, zueinander koaxialen Rohrelementen 31, 32 bzw. Zentrierkörpern besteht. Diese Rohrelemente 31, 32 sind innen- und außenseitig glatt ausgebildet und stehen über ein System von vier, bezüglich einer radialen Mittelebene 33 symmetrisch ausgeformter, elastischer Zugelemente 34 in Verbindung. Es können im Bedarfsfall auch weitere solcher Zugelemente 34 vorgesehen sein, und zwar in vorzugsweise gleichmäßiger Umfangsverteilung. Wesentlich ist, daß - bezogen auf die Mittelebene 33 - die oberhalb bzw. unterhalb dieser Mittelebene 33 befindlichen Teile der Zugelemente sich jeweils auf den Mantelflächen von Kegeln befinden, deren Grundfläche in der Mittelebene 33 liegt.In FIG. 3, the spacer is designated in its entirety by 30, which, among other things, consists of two axially spaced axially spaced-apart, to be pushed over anchor rods 2 or tube cylinders 6, 10, 14, 20, 21 of the same diameter, designed and configured to one another there are coaxial tubular elements 31, 32 or centering bodies. These tubular elements 31, 32 are smooth on the inside and outside and are connected by a system of four elastic tension elements 34 which are symmetrically shaped with respect to a radial central plane 33. If necessary, other such tension elements 34 can also be provided, preferably in a uniform circumferential distribution. It is essential that - based on the central plane 33 - the parts located above or below this central plane 33 of the tension elements are each on the lateral surfaces of cones, the base of which lies in the central plane 33.

Im entspannten Zustand ist das Ausmaß der Auswinkelung der Zugelemente 34 derart bemessen, daß der in der Mittelebene 33 gelegene Bereich größten Radius 35 höchstens dem Radius 36 der Bohrkrone 4 entspricht.In the relaxed state, the extent of the angulation of the tension elements 34 is dimensioned such that the area 35 in the central plane 33 having the largest radius 35 corresponds at most to the radius 36 of the drill bit 4.

Das System aus Rohrelementen 31, 32 und Zugelementen 34 ist in dem in Fig. 3 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus Stahl hergestellt, wobei die Zugelemente 34 in geeigneter Weise mit den Rohrelementen 31, 32 verschweißt sind oder in sonstiger Weise mit diesen in Verbindung stehen. Es ist jedoch grundsätzlich auch möglich, diesen Abstandhalter aus einem entsprechenden Kunststoff herzustellen.The system of tubular elements 31, 32 and tension elements 34 in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 3 is made of steel, the tension elements 34 being welded in a suitable manner to the tube elements 31, 32 or in any other way connected to them. In principle, however, it is also possible to produce this spacer from a corresponding plastic.

Die Zugelemente 34 sind hinsichtlich ihrer Elastizität derart bemessen, daß ein gewisses Einfederungsvermögen in Richtung der Pfeile 37 gegeben ist, wobei jedoch in jedem Fall eine ausreichende Stützwirkung auf die, in den Rohrelementen 31, 32 geführte Ankerstange möglich sein muß, und zwar derart, daß diese Ankerstange möglichst zentrisch innerhalb des Bohrlochs gehalten ist. Hierauf wird im folgenden noch näher eingegangen werden.The tension elements 34 are dimensioned in terms of their elasticity such that there is a certain deflection capacity in the direction of the arrows 37, but in any case a sufficient supporting effect on the anchor rod guided in the tube elements 31, 32 must be possible, in such a way that this anchor rod is held as centrally as possible within the borehole. This will be discussed in more detail below.

Mit 38 ist ein, an der Außenseite des Rohrelements 31 angeschweißter Einsteckkörper bezeichnet, der mit einer, sich parallel zur Achse 40 der Rohrelemente erstreckenden Blindbohrung 39 versehen ist. Koaxial zu der Blindbohrung 39 erstreckt sich die Durchgangsbohrung 41 eines an dem Rohrelement 32 angeschweißten Führungskörpers 42.Numeral 38 denotes a plug-in body which is welded to the outside of the tubular element 31 and which is provided with a blind bore 39 which extends parallel to the axis 40 of the tubular elements. The through bore 41 of a guide body 42 welded to the tubular element 32 extends coaxially to the blind bore 39.

Die Blindbohrung 39 und die Durchgangsbohrung 41 weisen in etwa gleiche Durchmesser auf und dienen der Aufnahme eines Druckstabes 43, der in Richtung des Pfeiles 44 in der Blindbohrung 39 arretiert ist und gegenüber der Durchgangsbohrung 41 frei beweglich ist.The blind bore 39 and the through bore 41 have approximately the same diameter and are used for receiving a push rod 43 which is locked in the direction of arrow 44 in the blind bore 39 and is freely movable relative to the through bore 41.

Im folgenden wird kurz die Verwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Injektionsbohrankers erläutert werden.The use of the injection drill anchor according to the invention will be briefly explained below.

Es wird dieser zunächst wie eine mit einem Bohrkopf versehene Bohrstange gebraucht, wobei über den zentralen Längskanal ein Spülmittel, beispielsweise Luft geführt wird, welches die als Folge des Bohrbetriebs gelösten Gebirgspartikel aufnimmt und über den Ringraum zwischen der Innenseite des Bohrlochs und der Außenseite der Ankerstangen in Richtung auf die Bohrlochmündung hin ausführt. Nach Erstellung des Bohrlochs, sobald dieses seine endgültige Tiefe erreicht hat, wird über das bohrlochmündungsseitige Ende ein erster Abstandhalter 30 geschoben, dessen Rohrelemente 31, 32 - wie oben bereits ausgeführt - derart bemessen sind, daß sie ohne nennenswerten Widerstand über die Ankerstangen 2, Verpreßventile 15, Kupplungsteile 3 usw. geschoben werden können. Ein Überschieben des Abstandhalters 30 erfolgt hierbei derart, daß sich das, mit dem Einsteckkörper 38 bestückte Rohrelement 31 auf der, der Bohrlochsohle zugekehrten Seite befindet.It is initially used like a boring bar provided with a drill head, with a flushing agent, for example air, being guided over the central longitudinal channel, which absorbs the mountain particles released as a result of the drilling operation and via the annular space between the inside of the borehole and the outside of the anchor rods in Towards the mouth of the borehole. After the borehole has been created, as soon as it has reached its final depth, a first spacer 30 is pushed over the end of the borehole mouth, the pipe elements 31, 32 of which, as already explained above, are dimensioned such that they press-fit valves without appreciable resistance via the anchor rods 2 15, coupling parts 3, etc. can be pushed. The spacer 30 is pushed over in such a way that the tubular element 31 equipped with the plug-in body 38 is located on the side facing the bottom of the borehole.

Das Vorschieben des Abstandhalters 30 erfolgt unter Verwendung des Druckstabes 43, der unmittelbar auf das, der Bohrlochsohle zugekehrte Rohrelement 31 einwirkt und somit über die Zugelemente 34 eine Zugkraft auf das der Bohrlochmündung zugekehrte Rohrelement 32 ausübt. Das Ausmaß der Auswinkelung der Zugelemente 34 in der Mittelebene 33 ist hierbei auch derart bemessen, daß die Bereiche größenten Radius der Zugelemente 34 elastisch federnd an der Bohrlochwandung anliegen, so daß die Rohrelemente 31, 32 und damit auch die Ankerstange 2 zentrisch geführt sind. Der Druckstab 43 muß eine solche Länge aufweisen, die praktisch der endgültigen Montageposition des Abstandhalters entspricht. Er kann aus einem elastischen, von einer Rolle abwickelfähigen Werkstoff ausgebildet sein, der jedoch zumindest eine solche Eigensteifigkeit aufweist, um die genannte Zugkraft aufbringen zu können.The spacer 30 is pushed forward using the pressure rod 43, which acts directly on the tubular element 31 facing the bottom of the borehole and thus exerts a tensile force on the tubular element 32 facing the mouth of the borehole via the traction elements 34. The extent of the angulation of the tension elements 34 in the central plane 33 is in this case also dimensioned in such a way that the regions with the largest radius of the tension elements 34 bear resiliently against the borehole wall, so that the Pipe elements 31, 32 and thus the anchor rod 2 are guided centrally. The pressure rod 43 must have a length which corresponds practically to the final mounting position of the spacer. It can be made of an elastic material that can be unwound from a roll, but which has at least such inherent rigidity in order to be able to apply the aforementioned tensile force.

Wesentlich ist, daß bei auftretenden Unebenheiten der Bohrlochwandung, die ansonsten ein weiteres Vorschieben des Abstandhalters blockieren und eine Zurückhaltewirkung auf die ausgewinkelten Zugelemente 34 ausüben würden, aufgrund der Druckkraftübertragung auf das Rohrelement 31 eine gewisse Streckung des Abstandhalters zur Folge haben und damit ein Überwinden dieser Wandungsunebenheiten während des Vorschubs entlang der Bohrstange. Besonders vorteilhaft ist in diesem Zusammenhang, daß die Außendurchmesser des Injektionsbohrankers praktisch bis zum Bohrkopf gleich sind, so daß ein Vorschub des Abstandhalters durch keinerlei bauartbedingte, aus der äußeren Oberfläche herausragende Strukturelemente behindert wird.It is essential that in the event of unevenness in the borehole wall, which would otherwise block further advancement of the spacer and would have a restraining effect on the angled tension elements 34, due to the transmission of pressure force to the tubular element 31, the spacer will stretch to a certain extent and thus overcome these wall unevenness during the feed along the boring bar. In this context, it is particularly advantageous that the outer diameter of the injection drill anchor is practically the same as far as the drill head, so that advancement of the spacer is not hindered by any structural elements that protrude from the outer surface.

Sollten die Wandungsunebenheiten der Bohrlochwandung ein solches Ausmaß erreichen, daß trotz der elastischen Einfederungsmöglichkeiten der Zugelemente 34 in Richtung der Pfeile 37 ein weiterer Vorschub nicht möglich ist, kann darauf geschlossen werden, daß die Bohrlochwandung an dem jeweiligen Ort des Blockierens eine völlig unzureichende Beschaffenheit aufweist, so daß über das Einführen des Abstandhalters zugleich auch der Zustand des Bohrlochs kontrollierbar ist.Should the wall unevenness of the borehole wall reach such an extent that, despite the elastic deflection possibilities of the tension elements 34 in the direction of the arrows 37, it is not possible to conclude that the borehole wall has a completely inadequate condition at the respective location of the blocking, so that the condition of the borehole can also be checked by inserting the spacer.

Über die Länge des Druckstabes 43 kann gleichzeitig die endgültige Position des Abstandhalters 30 innerhalb der Gesamtlänge des Bohrlochs festgelegt werden. Nachdem der Abstandhalter 30 auf diese Weise seine endgültige Position erreicht hat, wird der Druckstab 43 in Gegenrichtung des Pfeiles 44 entfernt, so daß -. auch als Folge des Ausfederns der Zugelemente 34 der Abstandhalter in seiner Position hinreichend fixiert ist.Over the length of the pressure rod 43, the final position of the spacer 30 within the total length of the borehole. After the spacer 30 has reached its final position in this way, the push rod 43 is removed in the opposite direction of the arrow 44, so that -. also as a result of the rebound of the tension elements 34, the spacer is adequately fixed in its position.

In der Folge können in gleicher Weise - entsprechend der gesamten Länge des Injektionsbohrankers weitere Abstandhalter 30 in vorhergebbaren Positionen entlang der Gesamtlänge des Bohrlochs eingeführt und in gleicher Weise gegenüber der Bohrlochwandung fixiert werden. Im Ergebnis ist schließlich der Injektionsbohranker auf seiner gesamten Länge innerhalb des Bohrlochs hinreichend zentriert, so daß in der Folge das Einbringen der Mörtelsuspension erfolgen kann.As a result, further spacers 30 can be inserted in predeterminable positions along the entire length of the borehole in the same way — corresponding to the entire length of the injection drill anchor, and can be fixed in the same way with respect to the borehole wall. As a result, the injection drill anchor is finally sufficiently centered over its entire length within the borehole so that the mortar suspension can subsequently be introduced.

Letzteres wird durch die Abstandhalter nicht behindert, da zwischen den einzelnen Zugelementen 34 vergleichsweise großvolumige Durchströmungsräume zur Verfügung stehen, so daß eine gleichmäßige Verfüllung sichergestellt ist. Das genannte Rückschlagventil 9 sowie das bzw. die Verpreßventile 15 werden während des Mörteleinbringens wie oben bereits dargestellt benutzt.The latter is not hindered by the spacers, since comparatively large flow-through spaces are available between the individual tension elements 34, so that uniform filling is ensured. The aforementioned check valve 9 and the compression valve (s) 15 are used during the mortar application as already described above.

Im Endzustand ist der Injektionsbohranker somit durch eine sich über seine gesamte Bohrlochlänge erstreckende gleichmäßige Mörtelüberdeckung und damit einen entsprechend zuverlässigen Korrosionsschutz gekennzeichnet. Aus der sicheren und eindeutigen Zentrierung der Ankerstange/Ankerstangen innerhalb des Bohrlochs ergeben sich auch gleichmäßige Festigkeitseigenschaften der Verankerung gegenüber dem umgebenden Gebirge und es wird dieser Injektionsbohranker im übrigen wie ein herkömmlicher Injektionsbohranker gebraucht, d.h. es wird über das, aus der Bohrlochmündung herausragende Teil eine Ankerplatte nebst Spannmutter gesetzt. Auf eine zeichnerische Darstellung dieser beiden, an sich bekannten Konstruktionselemente ist jedoch verzichtet worden.In the final state, the injection drill anchor is thus characterized by a uniform mortar covering extending over its entire borehole length and thus a correspondingly reliable corrosion protection. The secure and unambiguous centering of the anchor rod / anchor rods within the borehole also results in uniform strength properties of the anchorage with respect to the surrounding mountains, and this injection drill anchor is otherwise like a conventional one Injection drill anchors are used, ie an anchor plate together with a clamping nut is placed over the part protruding from the hole. However, a graphic representation of these two construction elements known per se has been dispensed with.

Mit 45 ist in Fig. 4 ein Abschlußelement bezeichnet, welches global aus einem Rohrzylinder 46 besteht, der hinsichtlich seines Außen- und Innengewindes sowie seiner radialen Abmessungen entsprechend den Ankerstangen 2 ausgelegt ist. In diesen Rohrzylinder 46 ist ein Rohrelement 47 eingeschraubt, und zwar derart, daß es einseitig um ein Längenmaß 48 aus ersterem herausragt. Dieser herausragende Teil des Rohrelements 47 bildet einen Verschraubungsabschnitt, der zum Einschrauben in ein Ende einer Ankerstange 2 bestimmt ist, und zwar derart, daß im Verschraubungszustand der Rohrzylinder 46 unmittelbar an der Ankerstange 2 anliegt und quasi deren Verlängerung bildet.4 in Fig. 4 is a closure element, which consists globally of a tubular cylinder 46, which is designed with respect to its external and internal thread and its radial dimensions corresponding to the anchor rods 2. A tube element 47 is screwed into this tube cylinder 46, in such a way that it protrudes on one side by a length dimension 48 from the former. This protruding part of the tubular element 47 forms a screw section which is intended to be screwed into one end of an anchor rod 2, in such a way that in the screwed state the tubular cylinder 46 bears directly on the anchor rod 2 and virtually forms its extension.

Das, dem Verschraubungsabschnitt abgekehrte Ende 50 des Rohrelements 47 befindet sich innerhalb des Rohrzylinders 46, und zwar in einem Abstand 49 von dessen zugeordnetem Ende. Es bildet dieses Ende somit einen Anschlag bzw. eine Einschraubbegrenzung für ein Endteil 51, welches hinsichtlich seines Außengewindes sowie seiner radialen Abmessungen dem Rohrelement 47 entspricht. Dieses Endteil 51 ist das, aus der Bohrlochmündung herausragende Ende, welches im Endzustand des Injektionsbohrankers zum Aufschrauben einer Spannmutter in Verbindung mit einer Ankerplatte dient.The end 50 of the tubular element 47 facing away from the screwing section is located within the tubular cylinder 46, specifically at a distance 49 from its associated end. This end thus forms a stop or a screw-in limitation for an end part 51, which corresponds to the tubular element 47 with regard to its external thread and its radial dimensions. This end part 51 is the end protruding from the borehole mouth, which in the final state of the injection drill anchor serves for screwing on a clamping nut in connection with an anchor plate.

Erfindungsgemäß ist über dieses Endteil 51 ein Kunststoffschlauch 52 gestreift, welcher Schlauch beispielsweise aus PVC (Polyvenylchlorid) bestehen kann. Im eingeschraubten Zustand des Endteils 51 liegt der Kunststoffschlauch 52 im wesentlichen dichtend an dem zugekehrten Ende des Rohrzylinders 46 an und es wird über die Längenbemessung dieses Kunststoffschlauches 52 die bohrlochmündungsseitige freie Länge des Injektionsbohrankers festgelegt, die nicht mit der Bohrlochwandung vermörtelt ist, da der Kunststoffschlauch 52 eine Verbundwirkung zwischen diesem Endteil 51 und dem umgebenden Mörtel ausschließt.According to the invention, a plastic hose 52 is slipped over this end part 51, which hose can consist, for example, of PVC (polyvinyl chloride). in the When the end part 51 is screwed in, the plastic hose 52 lies essentially sealingly against the facing end of the tubular cylinder 46 and the length dimension of this plastic hose 52 determines the free length of the injection drill anchor on the borehole mouth side, which is not mortared to the borehole wall, since the plastic hose 52 is one Excludes composite effect between this end portion 51 and the surrounding mortar.

Claims (8)

  1. Injection bore anchor consisting of
    - at least one tube member which is provided on the outer side with a continuous profiling in the form of a thread, which tube member comprises a central likewise continuous longitudinal duct and forms an anchor rod (2),
    - wherein the tube member comprises over its entire length a uniform inner thread, which in conjunction with a coupling part (3) is intended and designed for the purpose of screwing thereto at least one further similar tube member, and
    - a bore head (1) provided with at least one axial outlet bore,
    - wherein the coupling part (3) consists of a base body comprising respectively at the end side a threaded portion intended for the purpose of screwing into a tube member and a continuous longitudinal duct, which base body supports an annular body which comprises an identical diameter to that of the tube members to be connected and acts as a stop,
    - wherein the base body is a tube provided with an outer thread,
    characterised in that
    - the annular body comprises an outer thread which corresponds to that of the tube members to be connected,
    - the annular body is a relatively shorter outer tube which is screwed to the base body or fixed thereto in any other manner,
    - the bore head (1) comprises for the purpose of screwing to the tube member a tube portion (12) which is intended for screwing into one end thereof, wherein disposed on the tube portion (12) is a tube cylinder (6) which is provided with a corresponding outer thread and which has a diameter identical to that of the anchor rod,
    - the tube portions (12) of the bore head (1) provided with an outer thread and the threaded portions (27), 28) of the coupling part (3) are intended and designed for the purpose of being fully screwed into the facing ends of the anchor rod (2),
    - one or several injection valves (15) are provided and for their part are disposed in intermediate members (9'),
    - the intermediate members (9') are provided at the end side with tube portions (23, 24), which are intended and designed for the purpose of being fully screwed into the facing ends of the anchor rod (2),
    - the intermediate members (9') support in each case at the end tube cylinders (20, 21), which are formed with a diameter identical to that of the anchor rod and support a corresponding outer thread, and
    - the anchor rod (2) extended using a coupling part (3) comprises a uniform outer diameter and in particular a uniform outer thread starting from the tube cylinder (6) of the bore head (1) as far as its end remote from the bore head (1).
  2. Injection bore anchor according to claim 1,
    characterised in that,
    - the bore head (1) consists of an axial short, plate-shaped bore crown (4) equipped with cutting edges, a tube member (5) welded thereto and the tube cylinder (6) which is shorter than the tube member (5) and attached thereto leaving on the one side an undercut (29) and on the other side the tube portion (12) provided with the outer thread.
  3. Injection bore anchor according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in that,
    - a non-return valve is disposed in the region in the proximity of the bore head within the longitudinal duct,
    - the non-return valve is spring-loaded and disposed in an intermediate member (9).
  4. Injection bore anchor according to any of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that,
    - an injection valve consists of a tube member (16) comprising at least one transverse bore (17) and provided with an outer thread, furthermore of at least one sleeve body which consists of an elastic material and sealingly encloses the tube member (16) in the region of the transverse bore (17), which sleeve body is disposed coaxial with the tube member (16),
    - tube cylinders (20,21) are provided, which are fixed in position on the tube member (16),
    - the tube cylinder (20,21) and the sleeve body (18,19) have an approximate identical diameter, and
    - the anchor rods (2) and the tube cylinder (20, 21) have an identical diameter and comprise a corresponding outer thread.
  5. Injection bore anchor according to any of the claims 1 to 4,
    characterised by:
    - spacers (30) which are intended and designed for the purpose of being pushed over the anchor rod (2) located in the bore hole,
    - wherein one spacer (30) consists of two, axial centring bodies which are at a spaced disposition to each other and are provided with bores disposed coaxially with respect to each other,
    - wherein the centring bodies are connected to each other by means of elastically deformable tensioning members (34) which are shaped radially for the purpose of acting as spacers, and
    - wherein for the purpose of forward feeding the spacers (30) within the bore hole, the foremost centring body facing the bore hole base is provided with a receiving device for a compression member (34).
  6. Injection bore anchor according to claim 5,
    characterised in that,
    - for the purpose of guiding the compression member (44) a guide body (42) comprising a through-going bore (41) for receiving the compression rod (43) is provided at the centring body remote from the bore hole base,
    - the centring bodies are tube members (30, 31), and
    - the compression member (43) can be inserted into the said receiving device.
  7. Injection bore anchor according to any of the preceding claims 1 to 6,
    characterised by:
    - a closure which is disposed at the bore hole mouth side and is intended and designed for the purpose of being pushed over a synthetic tube (52) in order to achieve a free, non-mortared anchor length,
    - wherein the closure consists of a closure member (45) intended for the purpose of screwing onto the end of an anchor rod (2) and of an end part (51),
    - wherein the end part (51) is intended for the purpose of being pushed over the synthetic tube (52) and for the purpose of screwing to a tensioning nut known per se,
    - wherein the end part (51) is intended and designed for screwing into the closure member (45), and
    - wherein the end part (51) is a tube member which is provided with an outer thread and whose radial dimensions correspond to those of the tube members (5, 11, 16, 25).
  8. Injection bore anchor according to claim 7,
    characterised in that,
    - the closure member (45) consists of a tube cylinder (46) which corresponds in its radial dimensions and its outer and preferably also inner thread to the anchor rods (2),
    - a tube member (47) is inserted into the tube cylinder (46), preferably screwed in, and the radial dimensions of the said tube member correspond to the tube members (5, 11, 16, 25),
    - the end (50) of the tube member (47) located within the tube cylinder (46) forms a stop for a screwed-in end part (51), and
    - the other end of the tube member (47) protrudes out of the tube cylinder (46) and is intended for the purpose of screwing into the end of an anchor rod (2).
EP92911093A 1991-08-17 1992-05-22 Drilling pipe Expired - Lifetime EP0553309B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4127249 1991-08-17
DE4127249A DE4127249C1 (en) 1991-08-17 1991-08-17
PCT/EP1992/001149 WO1993004257A2 (en) 1991-08-17 1992-05-22 Drilling pipe

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0553309A1 EP0553309A1 (en) 1993-08-04
EP0553309B1 true EP0553309B1 (en) 1996-03-06

Family

ID=6438529

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92911093A Expired - Lifetime EP0553309B1 (en) 1991-08-17 1992-05-22 Drilling pipe

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US5350024A (en)
EP (1) EP0553309B1 (en)
JP (1) JP3196850B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE135084T1 (en)
AU (1) AU653030B2 (en)
CA (1) CA2093138A1 (en)
DE (1) DE4127249C1 (en)
WO (1) WO1993004257A2 (en)

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JPH07158124A (en) * 1993-12-02 1995-06-20 Nagaoka:Kk Screen for well having uniform outside diameter
DE4446625C1 (en) * 1994-12-24 1996-07-11 Reburg Patentverwertungs Gmbh Injection valve for an injection drill anchor
DE19503122B4 (en) * 1995-02-01 2004-07-22 Ibi Anker Gmbh injection anchor
GB9512250D0 (en) * 1995-06-16 1995-08-16 Boart Longyear Ltd A drill string
GB0002916D0 (en) * 2000-02-10 2000-03-29 Stable Services Ltd Drill pipe torque reduction and protection apparatus
US20030132035A1 (en) * 2001-04-26 2003-07-17 Tsutomu Kaneko Step tube rod, and drilling machine
DE102005042481A1 (en) * 2005-09-07 2007-03-08 Mkt Metall-Kunststoff-Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg Anchor rod for driving into bore hole is filled with two component mortar mix and has plastic spacing elements embodied as spacing rings or spacing caps fixed to rod by clamping or glueing
JP5890566B1 (en) * 2015-07-24 2016-03-22 信也 馬場 Marked boring rod and boring hole trajectory correction method using this
CN109798142B (en) * 2019-03-25 2024-02-20 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 Connectable long anchor rod with yielding function
CN111648806B (en) * 2020-07-09 2021-05-14 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 Energy-absorbing anchor rod device with umbrella-shaped structure
EP4249686A1 (en) * 2022-03-22 2023-09-27 BAUER Spezialtiefbau GmbH Measuring sleeve and method for measuring force in an anchor pile
CN116858512A (en) * 2023-06-13 2023-10-10 中煤科工开采研究院有限公司 Test device and test method for roadway support

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US2318326A (en) * 1940-03-08 1943-05-04 Padley Leonard Rock drill
GB632556A (en) * 1948-01-02 1949-11-28 Atlas Diesel Ab Improvements in couplings for rock drill bits or drill rods
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IT1229338B (en) * 1989-05-04 1991-08-08 Cbk Srl ANCHORING DEVICE FOR THE SUPPORT OF EXCAVATIONS IN THE ROCK.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1993004257A3 (en) 1993-04-01
ATE135084T1 (en) 1996-03-15
WO1993004257A2 (en) 1993-03-04
JPH06501072A (en) 1994-01-27
EP0553309A1 (en) 1993-08-04
AU653030B2 (en) 1994-09-15
JP3196850B2 (en) 2001-08-06
US5350024A (en) 1994-09-27
CA2093138A1 (en) 1993-02-18
AU1883792A (en) 1993-03-16
DE4127249C1 (en) 1993-02-04

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