EP0552089B1 - Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines flüssigen Brennstoffes in einem Brenner - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines flüssigen Brennstoffes in einem Brenner Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0552089B1
EP0552089B1 EP93400056A EP93400056A EP0552089B1 EP 0552089 B1 EP0552089 B1 EP 0552089B1 EP 93400056 A EP93400056 A EP 93400056A EP 93400056 A EP93400056 A EP 93400056A EP 0552089 B1 EP0552089 B1 EP 0552089B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
centrifuging
liquid
outer periphery
radially outer
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EP93400056A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0552089A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Lecerf
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INTERNATIONALE DU CHAUFFAGE Cie
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INTERNATIONALE DU CHAUFFAGE Cie
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
    • B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
    • B05B3/10—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements discharging over substantially the whole periphery of the rotating member, i.e. the spraying being effected by centrifugal forces
    • B05B3/105—Fan or ventilator arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/04—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action
    • F23D11/06—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space the spraying action being obtained by centrifugal action using a horizontal shaft

Definitions

  • Spraying devices of this type are already known, associated with burners of heating appliances, in particular of low calorific power, the use of which such spraying devices increases the yield by providing excellent spraying of the liquid fuel.
  • the centrifuge head driven relative to the support at rotational speeds which can be greater than 10,000 rpm, and for example between 10,000 and 60,000 rpm, thanks to careful balancing at the centrifuge head and blades which it carries, on the one hand, and thanks to the use of means for mounting the centrifugation head allowing self-orientation of the latter as proposed by European patent No. 0 074 899 of the Applicant, on the other hand.
  • spraying devices of this type have a certain number of drawbacks.
  • the liquid fuel supplied to the centrifugation head reaches the radially outer periphery thereof by sliding on a centrifugal migration face facing downstream, and this radially outer periphery through which the liquid fuel then escapes is located downstream of the blades, reference being made to the direction of blowing of the combustion air.
  • the burner flame tends to cling to the radially outer periphery of the liquid centrifugation head, thus subjected to intense radiation which rapidly causes coking of the liquid fuel, i.e.
  • the liquid centrifugation head has the general shape of a flat, transverse disc, delimited respectively upstream and downstream, in reference to the direction of blowing of the combustion air, by transverse faces, each of which receives a part of the liquid fuel to be centrifuged, which migrates on each of these faces to the radially outer periphery of the centrifuge head, that is to say of the disc, from which this liquid fuel escapes centrifugally; the blades are produced by punching the disc near this radially outer periphery, which thus also constitutes the radially outer periphery of the blades.
  • the centrifugation head which in fact receives most of the liquid fuel, the latter ensures, by migrating centrifugally, cooling slowing down the coking phenomena and cleaning, so that this embodiment is, considered overall, much less subject to fouling than the aforementioned embodiments.
  • this embodiment also has a drawback linked to the fact that the liquid fuel, released at the radially outer periphery common to the centrifuge head and the blades, opposes the rotation of the propeller a resistant torque which slows down this rotation, This is all the more so as the diameter of the radially outer periphery common to the centrifuge head and the blades is large, for a given flow rate of the combustion air used in particular to drive the rotation of the centrifuge head; it is recalled that this flow rate is imposed by the combustion air requirements, and could not therefore be increased in an attempt to overcome this drawback, just as it excludes increasing the pressure of the combustion air , which would lead on the one hand to an unacceptable noise level of operation of the device and on the other hand would complicate its manufacture.
  • this embodiment is therefore disadvantaged compared to the aforementioned embodiments.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy all of these drawbacks, that is to say to provide a spraying device which, used in a burner for spraying a liquid fuel therein being moved by the air of combustion, avoids both the coking phenomena inherent in the known embodiments mentioned first, with the consequences which result therefrom, and the effect of slowing down the rotation of the centrifugation head by the resistive torque opposed by the liquid fuel at the radially outer periphery common to the centrifugation head and the blades, inherent in the embodiment described with reference to FIG. 5 of the aforementioned European patent.
  • the present invention provides a spraying device of the type indicated in the preamble, further characterized in that the radially outer periphery of the centrifugation head is located upstream of the blades with reference to the direction of blowing of the gas, in particular of the combustion air, in said high pressure zone and radially set back relative to the radially outer periphery of the blades.
  • the radially outer periphery of the centrifuge head, along which the centrifugal escape of the liquid takes place, is thus dissociated from the radially outer periphery of the blades, and has a diameter smaller than that of the latter, which allows both make the best use of the energy provided by the blown gas, in terms of speed of rotation of the centrifuge head, especially when it comes to combustion air, the flow rate of which is imposed according to quality criteria of combustion, by giving the radially outer periphery of the blades a comparatively large diameter, and of limiting the obstacle which this resistant torque constituted by the liquid, in particular liquid fuel, escaping from the centrifugation head constitutes at this rotation.
  • the device according to the invention is similar to the known devices, cited first, in which the radially outer periphery of the centrifugation head is dissociated from that of the blades.
  • the radially outer periphery of the liquid centrifugation head i.e. the zone in which the liquid centrifugally escapes from the centrifugation head, is located upstream and not downstream of the blades, that is to say coincides with the high pressure zone of the blown gas; in this zone, the blown gas undergoes an acceleration such that, in the case of an application to a burner, it prohibits the propagation of the flame to the radially outer periphery of the centrifugation head, taking into account the speed of deflagration of liquid fuel.
  • the radially outer periphery of the centrifugation head where the centrifugal escape of the liquid takes place, is sheltered from the radiation of the flame and fouling; after having left the radially outer periphery of the centrifuge head in a centrifugal manner, the liquid fuel follows a path which gradually bends in the direction of blowing of the combustion air and, as the case may be, can pass around the periphery radially exterior of the blades and / or across the trajectory thereof; the tests show that the fact that the liquid fuel crosses the path of the blades practically does not disturb the passage of this fuel and does not cause appreciable wetting of the blades, and consequently no appreciable fouling of the latter, and this without having to take any precaution particular angular distribution of the blades and of the centrifugal liquid exhaust from the radially outer periphery of the centrifuge head; in practice, the liquid fuel can escape over the entire radially outer periphery of the centrifugation
  • a device according to the invention is more particularly suitable for spraying a liquid fuel, using combustion air as the driving gas of the spray head in rotation by action on the blades, it would not be departing from the scope of the present invention to use such a device for spraying another liquid in a different context, by means of a blown gas which would not be combustion air.
  • the blades have a radially inner periphery radially recessed relative to the radially outer periphery of the centrifugation head.
  • centrifugation head in rotation with respect to the support, around the axis of the latter, for supplying liquid such as liquid fuel to the centrifugation head and for blowing a gas, in particular combustion air, to means already known and in particular, as regards the mounting of the centrifugation head and the supply of the liquid thereto, with particularly advantageous means described and claimed in the aforementioned European patent.
  • the means for mounting the centrifugation head are preferably suitable for allowing the centrifugation head to self-orient during its rotation relative to the support, under the combined effect of the forces due to its own mass, to the liquid and to the blown gas, according to one or the other of the embodiments described in the aforementioned European patent, with the advantages which result from this as regards the possibility of rotating the centrifuge head at particularly high speeds, without risk of excessive vibration and without risk of rapid deterioration.
  • the means for supplying the liquid to the centrifugation head can also have various embodiments, but it is preferred to produce them in a form comprising a longitudinal nozzle disposed upstream of the centrifugation head and opening longitudinally downstream, with reference said meaning; when, as is preferred, the means for mounting the centrifugation head comprise an axial arm of the support, as taught by the aforementioned European patent with reference to its FIG. 5, which axial arm has a free end carrying the centrifugation head , downstream with reference to said direction, the aforementioned nozzle is advantageously arranged around the arm as also proposed by the aforementioned European patent.
  • the mounting means comprise a thrust bearing authorizing a leakage rate of the liquid thus supplied, in which case any exit of this liquid downstream of the blades and any possible migration of this liquid to the radially outer periphery of these blades, from which the liquid would be ejected by centrifugal force with the drawbacks known in the prior art, by providing that the centrifugation head includes means for reducing said leak rate toward the radially outer periphery of the centrifuge head.
  • this leakage rate which represents only a small part of the liquid supplied by the supply means, passes through the blades, centrifugally, to the periphery radially outer thereof before being ejected centrifugally at this radially outer periphery.
  • the centrifuge head itself can have various embodiments.
  • the centrifugation head has upstream, with reference to the direction of blowing of the gas, an annular ring for distributing the liquid, running along the radially outer periphery of the centrifugation head, and a sealed, continuous transverse face for migration centrifugal of the liquid, between the axis of the centrifugation head and said ring, which ensures a dispersion as homogeneous as possible of the liquid at the radially outer periphery of the centrifugation head.
  • the centrifuge head has upstream, with reference to said direction, an annular ring of radial fins, running along the radially outer periphery of the centrifuge head, around the centrifugal migration face some cash.
  • the centrifugal liquid migration face may for example be concave and frustoconical of revolution around the axis of the centrifugation head, in which case the fins can advantageously be delimited upstream, with reference to said direction, by a geometric extension of said centrifugal liquid migration face; however, this face can also have a different shape, in particular of revolution around the axis of the centrifugation head, and this can also be the case of the fins which, in particular, can be delimited upstream, with reference to said direction.
  • the centrifugation head can also present upstream, with reference to said direction, an annular ring of a material radially permeable towards the liquid, along the radially outer periphery of the head of centrifugation, around the transverse face of centrifugal migration of the liquid.
  • Said radially permeable material can be a network, for example obtained by longitudinal juxtaposition of transverse disks in expanded metal, or else a porous material, for example a sintered metal, these examples being in no way limiting; preferably, the radially permeable material is protected against clogging by particles possibly carried by the blown gas, which is why it is provided that the centrifugation head has an annular, continuous, sealed transverse cover, upstream of said crown and of the centrifugal liquid migration face, this cover having an axial passage for the liquid coming from the supply means.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate the application of the present invention to the supply of a burner 1 with liquid fuel, illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1.
  • the burner 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 comprises a motor 2 capable of driving on the one hand a fan 3 intended to convey the combustion air to a chamber 4 and on the other hand a volumetric pump 5 with liquid fuel whose intake is connected to a reservoir 6 and the discharge to a conduit 7 passing through the chamber 4 in which this conduit 7 is immobilized by fixing on a support 11 fixed relative to the burner 1.
  • the duct 7 opens out towards the centrifugation head 8 itself located in a combustion chamber 9, inside a combustion head 16, and mounted on the support 11 which defines a longitudinal axis 10 fixed relative to the burner and around which the centrifugation head 8 can rotate.
  • the conduit 7 and the chambers 4 and 9 are aligned along the axis 10, but the conduit 7 could also not be coaxial with the chambers 4 and 9.
  • the centrifugation head 8 has a general shape of revolution around an axis 10a coincident with the axis 10, but liable to shift relative to the latter as will appear below, thanks to an assembly of the type described in the European Patent No. 0 074 899, it being understood that other arrangements could be chosen without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the liquid fuel coming from the duct 7 is deposited on the centrifugation head 8 in the immediate vicinity of the axes 10 and 10a from which, during a rotation of the centrifugation head 8 around the fixed axis 10, it migrates towards a radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8 then escapes centrifugally through this radially outer periphery 12, towards the combustion chamber 9.
  • the combustion air moves from the chamber 4 to the chamber 9 along a longitudinal trajectory, in a predetermined longitudinal direction 13, being subjected, to the transition between the chambers 4 and 9, to the action a wall 66 fixed relative to the burner 1; this wall 66, provided with openings 15 and also sealed, is frustoconical in revolution about the axis 10 and converges in the direction 13, from the chamber 4 towards the chamber 9, to a free circular edge 67.
  • the fuel air is subdivided into a primary air flow rotating the centrifugation head 8 by action on a set of blades 14 which are integral with it and which it surrounds with respect of an annular clearance 70 the free edge 67 of the wall 66, of such that a high pressure zone 68 and a low pressure zone 69 are created upstream and downstream of the blades 14, and in a secondary air flow passing through the openings 15 in the wall 66.
  • the air thus blown captures the liquid fuel when it escapes centrifugally through the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifuge head 8, so that this liquid fuel completes a trajectory which, from the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifuge head 8 , gradually bends from a radial, centrifugal orientation, towards a longitudinal orientation, in direction 13, as shown schematically by arrows 17 in FIG. 2.
  • the centrifugation head 8 is in this case carried by the support 11, not visible in this figure, via an elastically flexible arm 18 which, at rest, is rectilinear with an axis 10b coinciding with the fixed axis 10.
  • this elastically flexible arm 18 has an upstream end, not shown, secured to the support 11, preferably removably , by suitable means not shown but easily conceivable by a person skilled in the art, and a free downstream end 19, that is to say cantilevered relative to the support 11, and carrying the centrifugation head 8 by via a bearing 20; in accordance with the teachings of the aforementioned European patent, this bearing 20 provides guidance for the centrifugation head 8 for rotation relative to the downstream end 19 of the arm 18, around the axes 10a and 10b which may merge as well as can be confused with axis 10, while allowing at the level of the downstream end 19 of the arm 18 a slight angular offset of the axis 10a relative to the axis 10b which can itself be offset at this level relative to the axis 10, under the combined effect of static and dynamic forces due to the mass of the centrifuge head 8 and the blades 14 which are integral therewith, the liquid fuel passing through the centrifuge head 8 and the combustion air blows in the direction
  • the arm 18 having in particular in its area of downstream end 19 an outer peripheral face 22 of cylindrical revolution around the axis 10b, the bearing 20 may have the shape of an orifice 21 arranged along the axis 10a, in the centrifugation head 8, and having a diabolo shape , of revolution about the axis 10a, and of a washer 23 of longitudinal stop of the centrifugation head 8 in the direction 13 relative to the arm 18, which washer 23 is disposed immediately downstream of the centrifugation head 8 in reference to direction 13 and secured by any appropriate means to the downstream end 19 of the arm 18.
  • the bearing 20 has, between the centrifugation head 8, on the one hand, the external peripheral face 22 of the arm 18 and the washer 23, on the other hand, a clearance sufficient to allow a leakage rate of the liquid fuel, thus ensuring the lubrication of the bearing 20.
  • the conduit 7 supplying this liquid fuel has the form of a longitudinal tube of axis 10, surrounding the arm 18 of the non-visible end thereof, fixed by relative to the support 11 not illustrated in FIG. 3, up to the proximity of the downstream end 19, with sufficient radial clearance 24, with reference to the axis 10, to allow limited elastic bending of the arm 18 between its two ends.
  • the tubular conduit 7 Downstream with reference to direction 13, the tubular conduit 7 has the form of a longitudinal nozzle 25 opening in direction 13 towards the centrifugation head 8, of which this nozzle 25 is however sufficiently spaced to prevent that, during the shutdown of the device according to the invention, liquid fuel cannot migrate by capillarity from the nozzle 25 towards the centrifugation head 8.
  • the duct 7 is connected upstream with reference to the direction 13, in a manner not illustrated in the figure 3, at the discharge of the pump 5 and surrounds the arm 18 over the major part of the longitudinal dimension thereof; as described in the aforementioned European patent, the arm 18 is surrounded over most of its longitudinal dimension, inside the tubular conduit 7, by a flexible sleeve 26 which, while preserving the aforementioned radial clearance 24 , makes it possible to limit the vibrations of the arm 18 which are moreover damped thanks to the formation of an annular film of liquid fuel traveling through the clearance 24 towards the nozzle 25, in the direction 13.
  • the centrifugation head 8 To receive the liquid fuel thus supplied via the nozzle 25, in the immediate vicinity of the axes 10, 10a, 10b at least approximately combined, the centrifugation head 8 presents upstream, with reference to the direction 13, continuous watertight transverse 27, which is concave and frustoconical of revolution about the axis 10a in the nonlimiting example illustrated.
  • This face 27 extends towards the axis 10a up to the immediate vicinity of the orifice 21 so as to capture the major part of the liquid fuel coming from the nozzle 25, that is to say all of this liquid fuel with the exception of the leakage rate authorized by the bearing 20.
  • it extends to a circle 28, of axis 10a, placed in radial recess by relative to the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8, the angle at the top of the cone being such that the liquid fuel captured by the face 27 gradually migrates under the action of the centrifugal force, on the face 27, of the immediate proximity of orifice 21 to circle 28.
  • annular ring 29 for distributing the liquid fuel towards this periphery radially outer 12;
  • the crown 29 is formed of radial fins 30 delimiting two by two of the radial passages 31 which receive the liquid fuel when, under the effect of centrifugal force, it escapes from the face 27 at the level of the circle 28 and guide this liquid fuel radially towards the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8.
  • Each fin 30 presents in the nonlimiting example illustrated, when it is seen along a plane including the axis 10a of the centrifugation head 8, a triangular shape defined on the one hand upstream, with reference to the direction 13, by a geometric extension 32 of the face 27 between the circle 28 and the radially outer periphery 12, and on the other hand downstream , with reference to direction 13, by a frustoconical face 33 of revolution around the axis 10a with an orientation opposite to that of the face 27, between the circle 28 and the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifuge head ugation, at the limit of this radially outer periphery 12 downstream.
  • this shape of the fins 30 and of the passages 31 which they delimit two by two is only one example and, in particular, provision could be made for the fins 30 and the passages 31 which they delimit two by two to have a shape slightly helically around the axis 10a of the centrifugation head 8.
  • the face 27 receiving the liquid fuel and guiding it in its centrifugal migration could have a shape different from the shape described.
  • the shapes described allow efficient guidance of the liquid fuel in its centrifugal migration up to the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8, make it possible to avoid to a large extent clogging of the passages 31 by solid particles which could possibly be carried by the combustion air blown in the direction 13, these particles tending to be intercepted by the geometric extension 32 of the face 27 at the fins 30 in order to be discharged centrifugally on this geometric extension 32 without entering the passages 31, and allow easy manufacture of the centrifugation head 8, in which the passages 31 can be arranged in the form of countersinks.
  • the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8 is connected to an annular, planar face 34, which is annular of revolution around the axis 10a to which it is perpendicular, and turned in the direction 13.
  • this face 34 is connected to a cylindrical face 35 of revolution around this axis 10a with a diameter less than that of the radially outer periphery 12, which face 35 is turned in the direction of a distance from the axis 10a.
  • this face 35 is itself connected to an annular, plane face 36 of revolution about the axis 10a to which it is perpendicular, which face 36 is turned in direction 13 and is connected itself, in the direction of approximation with respect to the axis 10a, to a cylindrical face 37 of revolution around this axis, turned in the direction of a distance from it and having a diameter less than that of the face 35.
  • the face 37 is connected in the direction 13 to a flat annular face 38, of revolution about the axis 10a to which it is perpendicular, this face 38 being turned in the direction 13 and connecting itself in the direction of approximation with respect to the axis 10a to a cylindrical face 39 of revolution about this axis towards which it is turned, with a diameter smaller than that of the face 37.
  • This face 39 itself connects face 38, upstream with reference to direction 13, to an annular, plane face 40 of revolution about the axis 10a to which it is perpendicular, this face 40 being turned in direction 13 and connecting to the orifice 21 in the direction of approximation with respect to the axis 10a, presenting around this orifice 21 an annular recess 41 of revolution around the axis 10a and serving as a housing for the washer 23 with preservation of sufficient clearance for the passage of the liquid fuel leakage rate.
  • the faces 37, 38, 39 define a rim 42 projecting in the direction 13 relative to the faces 36 and 40 of the head 8.
  • this rim receives and immobilizes with respect to the centrifugation head 8, for example by force fitting, a sealed cover 43 which traps the liquid fuel passing through the bearing 20 and, in particular, prevents it from escaping downstream, in the direction 13, at the rim 42 after having migrated centrifugally along the face 40 of the centrifugation head 8.
  • the cover 43 thus defines with the centrifugation head 8 a closed volume 44 and to allow the liquid fuel to escape from this closed volume 44, between the face 40 of the centrifugation head 8 and the face 35 of the latter are channels 45 regularly distributed angularly around the axis 10a; these channels 45 move away from the axis 10a going from the face 40 towards the face 35, into which they open respectively in the immediate vicinity of the face 39 and in the immediate proximity of the face 34, to thereby convey the liquid fuel, centrifugally, up to this face 34 on which this liquid fuel can then migrate centrifugally to the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8, to escape through this radially outer periphery 12 in the same way as most of the liquid fuel, leaving the passages 31, and then following the same trajectory materialized by the arrows 17.
  • the rim 42 carries integrally by its face 37, and for example by force fitting thereon, the set of blades 14 produced for example, particularly advantageously, in the form of a single piece 46 also visible in Figures 4 and 5.
  • the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8 is located in the high pressure zone 68 of the gas fuel, typically of the present invention, so that the liquid fuel traversing the path 17, entrained by the combustion air, leaves this high pressure zone 68 for the low pressure zone 69, which communicates to it a speed such that 'flame catching on the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8 is excluded.
  • the part 46 is advantageously produced by stamping a blank having the shape of a flat disc having an axis intended to merge with the axis 10a after the part 46 has been secured to the centrifugation head 8, as well as a periphery radially outer cylindrical of revolution around this axis with a diameter greater than that of the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8, and intended to constitute for the blades 14 considered as a whole a radially outer periphery 47 approximately cylindrical of revolution around of the axis 10a after mounting of the part 46 on the centrifugation head 8, with a diameter remaining greater than that of the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8.
  • the blades 14 are produced, preferably without removing material , by arrangement of radial slots in the disc, from the radially outer periphery the latter, and localized twist between these slots to produce, on the one hand, the blades 14, suitably oriented for cause the desired rotation of the blades 14 and of the centrifugation head 8 under the action of the combustion air blown in the direction 13, and on the other hand passages 48 for the combustion air and the fuel between the blades 14.
  • the slots thus arranged have the same radial dimension so that the blades 14 have a radially inner periphery 49, defined by the end zones of the spaces 48 closest to the axis 10a after mounting of the part 46 on the head of centrifugation 8, approximately cylindrical of revolution around this axis with a diameter less, or at most equal, than that of the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8.
  • the part 46 has a radial setback relative to the radially inner periphery 49 of the blades 14 an axial hole 50 cylindrical of revolution around the axis of this part, coincident with the axis 10a after mounting on the head 8, this hole 50 having a diameter substantially identical to that of the face 37 of the centrifugation head 8 to allow the above-mentioned assembly.
  • the centrifugation head 8 could also have various alternative embodiments capable of defining the above-mentioned trajectory 17 of the liquid fuel after centrifugation.
  • the parts 146, 246, 346 are identical to the part 46 except that they do not have an axial hole corresponding to the axial hole 50, so that they constitute in the form of a central web 143, 243, 343, continuous, sealed, transverse with respect to the axis 10a after it has been joined to the respective centrifugation head 108, 208, 308, a cover corresponding to the cover 43 and having the function, like the latter, of preventing direct migration, downstream of the part 146, 246, 346 with reference to the direction 13, of a leakage rate of liquid fuel preferably authorized in these three cases also between the centrifugation head 108, 208, 308, on the one hand , the outer peripheral face 22 of the arm 18 at its downstream end 19 and the washer 23, on the other hand.
  • the wall 143 is curved downstream, with reference to the direction 13, while the walls 243 and 343 are flat and perpendicular to the axis 10a after assembly of the part 146, 246, 346 on the centrifugation head 108, 208, 308, but other forms could be adopted without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the blades 114, 214, 314 are however identical in all respects to the blades 14, in particular as regards the respective diameters of their radially outer peripheries 147, 247, 347 and radially interior 149, 249, 349 in comparison with the diameter d a radially outer periphery 112, 212, 312 of the centrifuge head 8, defined as the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifuge head 8 and constituting as in the case of the latter the zone through which the liquid fuel escapes from centrifugal way of the centrifugation head 108, 208, 308 before being folded longitudinally in direction 13, along a path 17 crossing the path of the blades 114, 214, 314 rotating about the axes 10a, 10b, 10 approximately coincident, relative to the fixed support 11 not visible in these figures.
  • the centrifuge heads 108, 208, 308 constitute, like the centrifuge head 8, an intermediate for mounting the respective part 146, 246, 346 with respect to such a rotation on the downstream end 19 of the arm 18 and, for this purpose, define with the outer peripheral face 22 thereof, at its downstream end 19, a respective bearing 120, 220, 320 by a respective orifice 121, 221, 321 allowing a slight angular offset between the axes 10a and 10b as well as a clearance authorizing the aforementioned leakage rate of liquid fuel.
  • the centrifugation head 108 illustrated in FIG. 6 has great analogies with the centrifugation head 8, in that there is found therein for receiving the liquid fuel coming from the nozzle 25 a face 127 at all points identical to the face 27, between the orifice 121 and a circle 128 identical to the circle 28, ensuring a transition between the face 127 and a ring 129 of fins 130 alternating with passages 131 ensuring centrifugal guidance of the liquid fuel from the circle 28 to the radially outer periphery 112 of the centrifugation head 8.
  • the fins 130 are delimited upstream, with reference to the direction 13, by an annular face 132 which, instead of constituting the geometric extension of the face 127, is plane, perpendicular to the axis 10a with respect to which it has a form of revolution; the radially outer periphery 112, delimiting the fins 130 in the centrifugal direction, is itself identical to the radially outer periphery 12 of the centrifugation head 8.
  • Such a choice of the shape of the face 129 facilitates the centrifugal migration of the solid particles which, possibly carried by the combustion air, would deposit on the face 132 either directly or after having migrated centrifugally on the face 127.
  • the passages 131 are delimited by the face 132, by the radially outer periphery 112 of the centrifugation head 108, and by a respective face 133 identical to the face 33 and, like the latter, joining the radially outer periphery 112 at connection of the latter with a flat annular face 134, turned in the direction 13 and corresponding to the face 34 of the centrifugation head 8.
  • This face 134 connects, towards the axis 10a, the radially outer periphery 112 of the centrifugation head 108 to a cylindrical face 135 of revolution around the axis 10a and turned in the direction of a distance from it.
  • which face 135 is fully comparable to face 35 except that instead of having a diameter less than that of the radially inner periphery 149 of the blades 114, as is the case of face 35 in comparison with the radially inner periphery 49 of the blades 14, this face 135 has an intermediate diameter between the respective diameters of the radially outer periphery 112 of the centrifuge head 108 and of the radially inner periphery 149 of the blades 114.
  • the face 135 Downstream, with reference to direction 13, the face 135 is connected to a planar annular face 136, of revolution about the axis 10a to which it is perpendicular, which face 136 is turned in direction 13 and connects the face 135 to the orifice 121, by means of a clearance 141 similar to the clearance 41 and intended to house the washer 23 with sufficient clearance to allow the aforementioned leakage rate; the liquid fuel thus arriving downstream of the centrifugation head 108, retained by the web 143 of the part 146, migrates centrifugally on the face 136 of the centrifugation head 108 and escapes centrifugally from this face 136 to the junction of the latter with the face 135, sufficiently close to the radially outer periphery 112 of the centrifugation head 108 to follow the same trajectory 17 as the liquid fuel escaping through this radially outer periphery 112.
  • the attachment of the piece 146 defining the blades 114 on the centrifugation head 8 can be carried out by various means, and in particular by screwing, riveting or the like, but a particularly advantageous embodiment has been illustrated in FIG. 6, according to which the centrifugation head 8 has at the junction of its faces 136 and 135 a plurality of teeth 151 regularly distributed angularly around the axis 10a and forming radial projections located on the face 135, to retain the part 146 in s' engaging in respective punctures 152 of respectively corresponding blades 114 of this part 146.
  • the centrifuge heads 208, 308 illustrated in FIGS. 7 and 8 have structures which are substantially different from those of the centrifuge heads 8 and 108, but which have great similarities between them.
  • the centrifugation head 208, 308 comprises to define the respective orifice 221, 321 a transverse, continuous disc 253, 353 thus extending from the respective orifice 221, 321 to the respective radially outer periphery 212 , 312, cylindrical of revolution around the axis 10a.
  • Each disc 253, 353 has, downstream, with reference to direction 13, a flat face 254, 354 perpendicular to the axis 10a and attached to the fins 214, 314 of the respective part 246, 346, in the immediate vicinity of the periphery respective radially outer 212, 312; this face 253 allows in particular the centrifugal migration of the liquid fuel passing through the respective bearing 220, 320 and trapped by the web 243, 343 of the respective part 246, 346.
  • each disc 253 also has a planar annular face 256, 356, perpendicular to the axis 10a and extending to the radially outer periphery 212, 312; this face 255, 355 is for its part intended to receive the major part of the liquid fuel, coming from the nozzle 25, and to centrifugally guide this major part of the liquid fuel up to a respective annular ring 229, 329 of revolution around the axis 10a, of a material radially permeable vis-à-vis the liquid fuel and ensuring a centrifugal guide thereof, with dispersion, up to the respective radially outer periphery 212, 312 in replacement of the intermediate passages 31, 131 between the fins 30, 130.
  • the faces 255, 355 are continuous, sealed; in addition, like the faces 27, 127 of the centrifugation heads 8, 108, they are sufficiently distant, longitudinally, from the nozzle 25 to prevent migration, towards them, of the liquid fuel possibly remaining in the nozzle 25, by capillarity, to stopping the device
  • Each of the rings 229, 329 is thus joined to the face 255, 355 of the respective disc 253, 353, from the radially outer periphery 212, 312 to a circle 228, 328 of this face 255, 355, intermediate between the periphery radially exterior 212, 312 and orifice 221, 321.
  • the rings 229, 329 are delimited towards the latter by a respective face 256, 356 cylindrical of revolution around this axis with a diameter corresponding to that of the circle 228, 328 and upstream, with reference to the direction 13, the crowns 229, 329 are delimited by an annular, flat face 257, 357, of revolution about the axis 10a and perpendicular to it.
  • the covers 258, 358 extend to the radially outer periphery 212, 312 in the direction of a distance relative to the axis 10a whereas, in the direction of an approximation relative thereto, they extend beyond the face 256, 356 of the crown 229, 329 so as to delimit with the face 255, 355 of the disc 253, 353, between the outer peripheral face 22 of the arm 18 and the face 256, 356 of the crown 229, 329, a cavity 259, 359 trapping the liquid fuel projected by the nozzle 25 on the face 255, 355 of the disc 253, 353, that is to say preventing a rebound of this liquid fuel upstream with reference to the direction 13 and, consequently, its escape from the influence of the centrifugation head 208, 308.
  • the covers 258, 358 also ensure the protection of the rings 229, 329 against solid particles possibly carried by the combustion air.
  • the covers 258, 358 must not oppose any offset of the axis 10a relative to the axis 10b and, for this purpose, present towards the axis 10a a radially inner periphery 260, 360, annular of revolution around this axis 10a, with a diameter greater than that of the orifice 221, 321, although less than that of the face 256, 356 of the crown 229, 329, to delimit around the arm 18 a passage 265 , 365 axial with reference to axis 10a; likewise, while each cache 258, 358 is flat, perpendicular to the axis 10a, in an area adjoining the face 257, 357 of the crown 229, 329 and possibly in an area located radially inside the face 256, 356, the covers 258, 358 s' bend upstream, in direction 13, towards their radially inner periphery 260, 360 without however coming into contact with the face 255, 355 of the disc 253, 353.
  • crowns 229, 329 can be envisaged in order to make these crowns radially permeable with respect to the liquid fuel.
  • a network which, itself, can have various compositions; such a network can be defined by intertwined wires or fibers, in particular metallic, or even be constituted as illustrated by a longitudinal stack of disks 261 of expanded metal.
  • an annular mass 362 of a porous material such as a sintered material and in particular a sintered metal.
  • the assembly of the disc 253, 353, of the crown 229, 329, of the cover 258, 358 and, possibly of the part 246, 346 is carried out by the most appropriate means, the choice of which depends on normal skills. of a skilled person.
  • FIG. 7 of an assembly by longitudinal rivets 263 situated radially set back relative to the radially inner periphery 249 of the blades 214, in the immediate vicinity of the face 256 of the crown 229 but set back radially with respect thereto, from a longitudinal stack comprising, in the direction opposite to direction 13, the part 246, the disc 253, the crown 229 itself formed from a stack of expanded metal discs 261, and the cover 258; in FIG.
  • a weld 364 of the part 346 has been illustrated on the disc 353, at the level of the fins 314 and of the periphery radially exterior 312, the mutual assembly of the disc 353, of the mass 362 constituting the crown 329 and of the cover 358 which can be carried out, as in the case of FIG. 7, by means of longitudinal rivets not shown.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles For Spraying Of Liquid Fuel (AREA)
  • Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines flüssigen Brennstoffs in einem Brenner, wobei die Vorrichtung folgendes umfaßt:
    - einen Träger (11), der eine Längsachse (10) aufweist,
    - einen Kopf (8, 108, 208, 308) zur Zentrifugierung der Flüssigkeit, der eine Achse (10a), die ungefähr mit der Achse (10) des Trägers (11) zusammenfällt, und einen radial äußeren Umfang (12, 112, 212, 312) zum zentrifugalen Austritt der Flüssigkeit aufweist,
    - Mittel (18, 20, 23) zur Befestigung des Zentrifugierungskopfs, so daß er sich gegenüber dem Träger (11) um dessen Achse (10) drehen kann,
    - Mittel (6, 7, 25) zur Zuführung der Flüssigkeit zum Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108, 208, 308), die gegenüber dessen radial äußerem Umfang (12, 112, 212, 312) radial zurückgesetzt sind,
    - Mittel (34) zum Blasen eines Gases, insbesondere von Verbrennungsluft, entlang einer in Längsrichtung verlaufenden Bahn mit festgelegter Richtung (13),
    - mit dem Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108, 208, 308) fest verbundene Flügel (14, 114, 214, 314), die einen radial äußeren Umfang (47, 147, 247, 347) und eine Bahn einer mit dem Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108, 208, 308) gemeinsamen Drehung aufweisen, die die Bahn des geblasenen Gases derart kreuzt, daß dieses durch Einwirkung auf die Flügel (14, 114, 214, 314) die Drehung des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) gegenüber dem Träger bewirkt,
    - Mittel (66) zum Drosseln des um die Flügel (14, 114, 214, 314) geblasenen Gases, die im geblasenen Gas einen Hochdruckbereich (68) und einen Niederdruckbereich (69) bilden, wobei sich diese Bereiche bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts bzw. stromabwärts der Flügel (14, 114, 214, 314) befinden,
       dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich der radial äußere Umfang (12, 112, 212, 312) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts der Flügel (14, 114, 214, 314) in dem Hochdruckbereich (68) und gegenüber dem radial äußeren Umfang (47, 147, 247, 347) der Flügel (14, 114, 214, 314) radial zurückgesetzt befindet.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Flügel (14, 114, 214, 314) einen radial inneren Umfang (49, 149, 249, 349) aufweisen, der gegenüber dem radial äußeren Umfang (12, 112, 212, 312) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) radial zurückgesetzt ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (18, 20, 23) zur Befestigung des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) dazu geeignet sind, unter der gemeinsamen Wirkung der auf die Eigenmasse, die Flüssigkeit und das geblasene Gas des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) zurückzuführenden Kräfte eine Selbstausrichtung des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) bei seiner Drehung gegenüber dem Träger (11) zu gestatten.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (6, 7, 25) zur Führung der Flüssigkeit zum Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108, 208, 308) eine Längsdüse (25) enthalten, die bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) angeordnet ist und sich in Längsrichtung stromabwärts öffnet.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel (18, 20, 23) zur Befestigung des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) einen axialen Arm (18) des Trägers (11) enthalten, der bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromabwärts ein den Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108, 208, 308) tragendes freies Ende (19) aufweist, und daß die Düse (25) um den Arm (18) herum angeordnet ist.
  6. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Befestigungsmittel (18, 20, 23) ein Axiallager (20, 23) enthalten, das einen Leckagebetrag der Flüssigkeit gestattet.
  7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108, 208, 308) Mittel (43, 45, 143, 243, 343) zur Zufuhr dieses Leckagebetrags zum radial äußeren Umfang (12, 112, 212, 312) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) hin enthält.
  8. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108, 208, 308) bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts einen ringförmigen Kranz (29, 129, 229, 329) zur Verteilung der Flüssigkeit, der sich entlang dem radial äußeren Umfang (12, 112, 212, 312) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) erstreckt, und eine durchgehende, dichte Querfläche (27, 127, 255, 355) für die zentrifugale Wanderung der Flüssigkeit zwischen der Achse (10a) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108, 208, 308) und dem Kranz (29, 129, 229, 329) aufweist.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zentrifugierungskopf (8, 108) bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts einen ringförmigen Kranz (29, 129) mit radialen Schaufeln (30, 130) aufweist, der sich entlang dem radial äußeren Umfang (12, 112) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108) um die Fläche (27, 127) für die zentrifugale Wanderung herum erstreckt.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fläche (27, 127) für die zentrifugale Wanderung der Flüssigkeit konkav und Kreiskegelstumpfförmig um die Achse (10) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (8, 108) ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaufeln (30) bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts durch eine geometrische Verlängerung (32) der Fläche (27) für die zentrifugale Wanderung der Flüssigkeit begrenzt sind.
  12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Schaufeln (130) bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts durch eine senkrecht zur Achse (10a) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (108) stehende ebene Fläche (132) begrenzt sind.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zentrifugierungskopf (208, 308) bezüglich der Richtung (13) stromaufwärts einen ringförmigen Kranz (229, 329) aufweist, der aus einem Material (261, 362) besteht, das gegenüber der Flüssigkeit radial durchlässig ist, und der sich entlang des radial äußeren Umfangs (212, 312) des Zentrifugierungskopfs (208, 308) um die Fläche (255, 355) für die zentrifugale Wanderung der Flüssigkeit erstreckt.
  14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem radial durchlässigen Material um ein Netz (261) handelt.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es sich bei dem radial durchlässigen Material um ein poröses Material (362) handelt.
  16. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zentrifugierungskopf (208, 308) stromaufwärts des Kranzes (229, 329) und der Fläche (255, 355) für die zentrifugale Wanderung der Flüssigkeit eine durchgehende, dichte, ringförmige Querverkleidung (258, 358) aufweist, die einen axialen Durchgang (265, 365) für die Flüssigkeit enthält.
EP93400056A 1992-01-13 1993-01-13 Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines flüssigen Brennstoffes in einem Brenner Expired - Lifetime EP0552089B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9200256A FR2686032B1 (fr) 1992-01-13 1992-01-13 Dispositif de pulverisation d'un liquide, notamment d'un combustible liquide dans un bruleur.
FR9200256 1992-01-13

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EP0552089A1 EP0552089A1 (de) 1993-07-21
EP0552089B1 true EP0552089B1 (de) 1995-11-08

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EP93400056A Expired - Lifetime EP0552089B1 (de) 1992-01-13 1993-01-13 Vorrichtung zur Zerstäubung einer Flüssigkeit, insbesondere eines flüssigen Brennstoffes in einem Brenner

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EP (1) EP0552089B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE130083T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69300742T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2686032B1 (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100446868C (zh) * 2004-05-25 2008-12-31 得立鼎工业株式会社 涂装机及其旋转雾化头

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2887789B1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2007-11-02 Francois Simon Procede et dispositif de dispersion d'un liquide utilisable a la brumisation
FR2887788B1 (fr) * 2005-07-01 2008-08-15 Francois Simon Procede et dispositif de dispersion d'un liquide utilisable a la brumisation.
RU2449839C1 (ru) * 2010-11-10 2012-05-10 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ярославский государственный технический университет" Центробежный распылитель жидкости
RU2582422C1 (ru) * 2014-12-01 2016-04-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Ярославский государственный технический университет" (ФГБОУВПО "ЯГТУ") Распылитель жидкости
RU180151U1 (ru) * 2018-03-23 2018-06-05 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный технический университет" (ВолгГТУ) Биконусное центробежное распределительное устройство для жидкости

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2512694A1 (fr) * 1981-09-11 1983-03-18 Fonderie Soc Gen De Dispositif de pulverisation pour un liquide

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN100446868C (zh) * 2004-05-25 2008-12-31 得立鼎工业株式会社 涂装机及其旋转雾化头

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0552089A1 (de) 1993-07-21
FR2686032A1 (fr) 1993-07-16
FR2686032B1 (fr) 1995-06-30
DE69300742T2 (de) 1996-05-23
ATE130083T1 (de) 1995-11-15
DE69300742D1 (de) 1995-12-14

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