EP0551643B1 - Axial cyclone combustion chamber - Google Patents

Axial cyclone combustion chamber Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0551643B1
EP0551643B1 EP92121807A EP92121807A EP0551643B1 EP 0551643 B1 EP0551643 B1 EP 0551643B1 EP 92121807 A EP92121807 A EP 92121807A EP 92121807 A EP92121807 A EP 92121807A EP 0551643 B1 EP0551643 B1 EP 0551643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reactor
air
reactor according
fuel
supply
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EP92121807A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0551643A2 (en
EP0551643A3 (en
Inventor
Walter Dr.-Ing. Thielen
Ulrich Dr.-Ing. Priesmeier
Helmut Niepel
Anton-Walter Dr.-Ing. Schäfers
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Hitachi Zosen Inova Steinmueller GmbH
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L&C Steinmueller GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/006—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion
    • F23C3/008—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for cyclonic combustion for pulverulent fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an axial cyclone combustion reactor for burning solid fuels in a rotary flow field with an essentially conical lower part and a cylindrical upper part, an ash extraction opening at the lower end of the lower part and a central exhaust gas opening in the ceiling of the upper part, as well as a fuel supply and at least one tangential Air supply on the cylindrical upper part.
  • a reactor is known from DE-B-1218 649.
  • DD 234 585 A3 Another axial cyclone combustion reactor is known from DD 234 585 A3, in which both a carrier air / fuel mixture is introduced axially into the lower end of the conical lower part via a swirl generator and combustion air via a swirl generator.
  • the two swirl generators are complex components, and in particular the swirl generator, via which the fuel-air mixture is introduced into the combustion reactor, is subject to increased wear.
  • the air supply to the cylindrical upper part can take place in several stages by means of air supplies arranged axially and / or circumferentially at a distance.
  • At least one axial air supply in addition to a tangential air supply, preferably in the form of a nozzle base for the supply of fluidizing air.
  • the fuel is supplied via the lower end of the cone, and in the DD 257 280 A1 the supply takes place via the cone itself, it is preferred according to the present invention that the fuel is supplied in the cylindrical upper part and tangentially in a more preferred manner.
  • the fuel can also be supplied in several stages in the axial and / or circumferential direction.
  • an external single or multi-layer insulation can be provided.
  • the insulation can be built up by an insulating material and / or by a cooling jacket through which there is a forced flow, wherein the cooling jacket can be arranged on the inside or outside with respect to the insulating material.
  • the outlet opening may be followed by an afterburning chamber with a lateral exhaust gas outlet which is enlarged in diameter compared to the outlet opening.
  • the combustion chamber of the reactor serves to burn off the coarse grain up to a limit grain diameter of the cyclone flow.
  • further turbulence causes the undersize and the CO strands emerging from the combustion chamber to burn off further.
  • the afterburning chamber can be arranged on the reactor as a separate assembly. However, it is also possible to draw the cross section of the combustion chamber into the reactor, so that the combustion chamber itself is divided into a main and an afterburning chamber by the drawing.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for operating an axial cyclone combustion reactor for burning solid fuels in a rotary flow field, in particular in an axial cyclone combustion reactor described above.
  • the invention provides for a granular inert material to be introduced into the reactor in addition to the fuel.
  • the inert material has essentially the same properties as the fuel, in particular the same specific weight. It is also expedient if the inert material is matched to the fuel grain in terms of its grain size range. This appears to be particularly important when fluidizing air is introduced into the reactor to build up a fluidized bed.
  • both the conical lower part 2 and the cylindrical upper part 3 are delimited by a cylindrical lining.
  • "brick lining” in the description and in the claims one is built from individual building blocks Brick lining, a cast lining or a ceramic lining of the reactor interior, e.g. B. understood in the form of a powdered membrane wall.
  • Fuel is introduced into the reactor via tangential and inclined fuel feeds 4a, 4b, and 4c.
  • Primary air is blown into the cone 2 via lines 5a and 5b opening towards the cone 2.
  • the cone 2 is connected at its lower end to an ash extraction line 6. Sifter air can be blown into the ash line 6 via line 7.
  • the grain fraction which can be drawn off via line 6, is determined by the classifier air. Secondary air is fed tangentially to the cylindrical upper part 3 via a line 8. Ignition gas can be introduced into the line 6 via a valve 9, which gas is ignited via an electrical igniter 10. The outlet opening 3a assigned to the upper part 3 opens towards an angled exhaust duct 11. The primary air feeds 5a and 5b are also arranged so that the primary air enters the cone 2 tangentially.
  • the reactor 12 is provided in its cylindrical upper part 13 with a lining 14 of two layers 14a and 14b, while an air box 16 is assigned to the conical lower part 15.
  • the conical lower part 15 consists of a first cone 15a adjoining the upper part 13, a cylindrical intermediate section 15b and a further cone 15c. Such an arrangement is also considered essential in the description and in the claims considered conical.
  • the air box 16 is provided with a connecting piece 17 into which cooling air flows. This cooling air enters the interior of the reactor through tangentially oriented openings 18 in the cone section 15a.
  • the cylindrical section 15b is assigned a plurality of primary air connecting pieces 19a and 19b passing through the air box 16, from which primary air enters the interior of the reactor tangentially.
  • Secondary air is supplied via air inlets 20a to 20f which are spaced axially and circumferentially.
  • the fuel is introduced at 21.
  • an external cooling jacket 22, to which cooling air is applied, is provided, to which cooling air is supplied via connection piece 22a and from which cooling air is drawn off via connection piece 22b.
  • the coarse ash discharge 23 following the lower cone section 15c is provided with a classifier air connection 24.
  • the cylindrical upper part 26 is in turn provided with a lining 27 and the conical lower part 28 is arranged in an air box 29, to which primary air is supplied via a connecting piece 30, which is tangential via an air supply 31 into a straight cylindrical section 28a of the conical lower part can occur.
  • the purely conical section 28b is provided with a spaced double jacket 28b '. Cooling air enters the space between the conical section 28b and the double jacket 28 'via a connection 32 passing through the air box 29 and also enters the air box at the lower end of the double jacket through an annular gap 33.
  • the action of the lines 30 and 32 is regulated and separated, so that the temperature of the air introduced into the cone 28 can be regulated.
  • the lower end of the cylindrical section 28a is assigned a nozzle base 34, through which air from the air box 29 axially enters the conical lower part 28 as fluidizing air.
  • a discharge pipe 35 is provided which penetrates the nozzle base and opens towards the cylindrical section 28b.
  • Secondary air is supplied tangentially to the cylindrical section 26 via secondary air supply lines 36a and 36b, while fuel is supplied via line 37.
  • a closable passage 38 for one which can be pushed into and withdrawn from the reactor space in FIG. 3 pilot burner, not shown, is provided.
  • Such a passage 38 is also provided in FIG. 2.
  • the outlet opening 39 is followed by an afterburning chamber 40 of larger diameter, possibly insulated according to the dash-dotted line, from which the exhaust gas is drawn off through a side exhaust pipe 41.
  • the afterburning chamber 40 extends the residence time of the fuel grains in the system and also at least partially removes the swirl from the flow.
  • the lining 27 can - as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 - be built up in multiple layers.
  • the material for creating the cone can be high temperature resistant steel in all embodiments.
  • the cooling air used for cooling can under certain circumstances also be used as preheated primary and / or secondary air.
  • inert material can be used to stabilize the combustion and for continuous cleaning in all three embodiments.
  • the inert material should be essentially the same Have properties like the fuel, e.g. B. specific weight, bulk density and / or grain.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

In an axial cyclone combustion chamber (1) for burning solid fuels in a rotary flow field with an essentially conical lower part (15) and a cylindrical upper part (13), an ash-removal opening (23) at the lower end of the lower part and a central waste-gas off-take opening in the top of the upper part, as well as at least one fuel supply and at least one air supply, it is envisaged, to simplify its construction, that at least one tangential air supply (8; 20a-20d; 36a-36b) is provided. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Axialzyklon-Verbrennungsreaktor zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen in einem Drehströmungsfeld mit einem im wesentlichen konischen Unterteil und einem zylindrischen Oberteil, einer Ascheabzugsöffnung am unteren Ende des Unterteiles und einer mittigen Abgasabzugsöffnung in der Decke des Oberteiles, sowie einer Brennstoffzuführung und mindestens einer tangentialen Luftzuführung am zylindrischen Oberteil. Ein derartiger Reaktor ist aus der DE-B-1218 649 bekannt.The invention relates to an axial cyclone combustion reactor for burning solid fuels in a rotary flow field with an essentially conical lower part and a cylindrical upper part, an ash extraction opening at the lower end of the lower part and a central exhaust gas opening in the ceiling of the upper part, as well as a fuel supply and at least one tangential Air supply on the cylindrical upper part. Such a reactor is known from DE-B-1218 649.

Aus der DD 234 585 A3 ist ein weiterer Axialzyklon-Verbrennungsreaktor bekannt, bei dem sowohl ein Trägerluft-Brennstoff-Gemisch über einen Drallerzeuger und Verbrennungsluft über einen Drallerzeuger axial in das untere Ende des konischen Unterteiles eingeführt werden. Die beiden Drallerzeuger stellen komplizierte Bauelemente dar, und insbesondere unterliegt der Drallerzeuger, über den das Brennstoff-Luft-Gemisch in den Verbrennungsreaktor eingeführt wird, einem erhöhten Verschleiß.Another axial cyclone combustion reactor is known from DD 234 585 A3, in which both a carrier air / fuel mixture is introduced axially into the lower end of the conical lower part via a swirl generator and combustion air via a swirl generator. The two swirl generators are complex components, and in particular the swirl generator, via which the fuel-air mixture is introduced into the combustion reactor, is subject to increased wear.

Es ist die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Verbrennungsreaktor der gattungsgemäßen Art zu schaffen, bei dem keine gesonderten Drallerzeuger erforderlich sind.It is the object of the present invention to provide a combustion reactor of the generic type in which no separate swirl generator is required.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Die Luftzufuhr am zylindrischen Oberteil kann mehrstufig über axial und/oder in Umfangsrichtung auf Abstand angeordnete Luftzuführungen erfolgen.The air supply to the cylindrical upper part can take place in several stages by means of air supplies arranged axially and / or circumferentially at a distance.

Unter Umständen ist es zweckmäßig, neben einer tangentialen Luftzuführung auch mindestens eine axiale Luftzuführung, vorzugsweise in Form eines Düsenbodens für die Zufuhr von Fluidisierungsluft vorzusehen.Under certain circumstances, it is expedient to provide at least one axial air supply in addition to a tangential air supply, preferably in the form of a nozzle base for the supply of fluidizing air.

Aus der DD 257 280 A1 ist die Zufuhr von Fluidisierungsluft am unteren Ende des konischen Unterteiles mittels eines kegelstumpfförmigen Düsenbodens an sich bekannt.From DD 257 280 A1 the supply of fluidizing air at the lower end of the conical lower part by means of a frustoconical nozzle bottom is known per se.

Während bei der DD 234 585 A3 die Zufuhr des Brennstoffes über das untere Ende des Konus erfolgt, und bei der DD 257 280 A1 die Zufuhr über den Konus selbst erfolgt, wird gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung bevorzugt, daß die Brennstoffzufuhr in den zylindrischen Oberteil erfolgt und zwar in weiter bevorzugter Weise tangential. Auch die Brennstoffzufuhr kann in axialer und/oder Umfangsrichtung mehrstufig erfolgen.While in the DD 234 585 A3 the fuel is supplied via the lower end of the cone, and in the DD 257 280 A1 the supply takes place via the cone itself, it is preferred according to the present invention that the fuel is supplied in the cylindrical upper part and tangentially in a more preferred manner. The fuel can also be supplied in several stages in the axial and / or circumferential direction.

Es erscheint zweckmäßig, wenn zumindest das zylindrische Oberteil ausgemauert ist. Zusätzlich zur Ausmauerung kann eine außenliegende ein- oder mehrschichtige Isolierung vorgesehen sein. Die Isolierung kann durch ein Isoliermaterial und/oder durch einen zwangsdurchströmten Kühlmantel aufgebaut werden, wobei der Kühlmantel bezüglich des Isoliermaterials innenliegend oder außenliegend angeordnet sein kann.It seems appropriate if at least the cylindrical upper part is bricked up. In addition to the lining, an external single or multi-layer insulation can be provided. The insulation can be built up by an insulating material and / or by a cooling jacket through which there is a forced flow, wherein the cooling jacket can be arranged on the inside or outside with respect to the insulating material.

Um die Verbrennung zu verbessern, kann es zweckmäßig sein, daß der Austrittsöffnung eine im Durchmesser gegenüber der Austrittsöffnung erweiterte Nachbrennkammer mit seitlichem Abgasautritt nachgeschaltet ist.In order to improve the combustion, it may be expedient for the outlet opening to be followed by an afterburning chamber with a lateral exhaust gas outlet which is enlarged in diameter compared to the outlet opening.

Der Brennraum des Reaktors dient zum Abbrand des Grobkorns bis hin zu einem Grenzkorndurchmesser der Zyklonströmung. In der Nachbrennkammer erfolgt durch weitere Turbulenz ein weiterer Abbrand des Unterkorns und der aus dem Feuerraum austretenden CO-Strähnen.The combustion chamber of the reactor serves to burn off the coarse grain up to a limit grain diameter of the cyclone flow. In the afterburner, further turbulence causes the undersize and the CO strands emerging from the combustion chamber to burn off further.

Die Nachbrennkammer kann als gesonderte Baugruppe auf dem Reaktor angeordnet sein. Es ist jedoch auch möglich, in den Reaktor eine Einziehung des Feuerraumquerschnitts vorzunehmen, so daß der Feuerraum selbst durch die Einziehung in eine Haupt- und in eine Nachbrennkammer unterteilt wird.The afterburning chamber can be arranged on the reactor as a separate assembly. However, it is also possible to draw the cross section of the combustion chamber into the reactor, so that the combustion chamber itself is divided into a main and an afterburning chamber by the drawing.

Die Erfindung richtet sich auch auf ein Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Axialzyklon-Verbrennungsreaktors zum Verbrennen von festen Brennstoffen in einem Drehströmungsfeld, insbesondere in einem vorstehend beschriebenen Axialzyklon-Verbrennungsreaktor.The invention is also directed to a method for operating an axial cyclone combustion reactor for burning solid fuels in a rotary flow field, in particular in an axial cyclone combustion reactor described above.

Zur Verbesserung des Ausbrandverhaltens ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, neben dem Brennstoff in den Reaktor ein körniges Inertmaterial einzuführen.To improve the burnout behavior, the invention provides for a granular inert material to be introduced into the reactor in addition to the fuel.

Dieses kann getrennt oder zusammen mit dem Brennstoff erfolgen. Besonders gute Ergebnisse werden erzielt, wenn das Inertmaterial im wesentlichen gleiche Eigenschaften wie der Brennstoff aufweist, insbesondere gleiches spezifisches Gewicht. Auch ist es zweckmäßig, wenn das Inertmaterial hinsichtlich seines Körnungsspektrums auf die Brennstoffkörnung abgestimmt ist. Die erscheint besonders wichtig, wenn in den Reaktor Fluidisierungsluft zum Aufbau einer Wirbelschicht eingeführt wird.This can be done separately or together with the fuel. Particularly good results are achieved if the inert material has essentially the same properties as the fuel, in particular the same specific weight. It is also expedient if the inert material is matched to the fuel grain in terms of its grain size range. This appears to be particularly important when fluidizing air is introduced into the reactor to build up a fluidized bed.

Der erfindungsgemäße Axialzyklon-Verbrennungsreaktor soll nun anhand der beigefügten Figuren in verschiedenen Ausführungsformen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

FIG. 1
einen Reaktor mit tangentialer Zuführung von Sekundärluft und mehrstufiger tangetialer Zuführung von Brennstoff,
FIG. 2
eine mehrstufige tangentiale Zuführung von Primärluft und eine mehrstufige tangentiale Zuführung von Sekundärluft in den zylindrischen Bereich, wobei das konische Unterteil von einem Luftkasten umgeben ist und
FIG. 3
einen Verbrennungsreaktor mit tangentialer Zuführung von Primärluft zum Konus, einem Kühlmantel für den Konus und einer mehrstufigen Zufuhr von Sekundärluft, sowie einer auf der Decke des Verbrennungsreaktors angeordneten Nachbrennkammer.
The axial cyclone combustion reactor according to the invention will now be explained in more detail in various embodiments with reference to the attached figures. Show it:
FIG. 1
a reactor with a tangential supply of secondary air and a multi-stage tangential supply of fuel,
FIG. 2nd
a multistage tangential supply of primary air and a multistage tangential supply of secondary air into the cylindrical region, the conical lower part being surrounded by an air box and
FIG. 3rd
a combustion reactor with tangential supply of primary air to the cone, a cooling jacket for the cone and a multi-stage supply of secondary air, and an afterburning chamber arranged on the ceiling of the combustion reactor.

Bei dem Verbrennungsreaktor 1 gemäß FIG. 1 ist sowohl das konische Unterteil 2 als auch das zylindrische Oberteil 3 durch eine zylindrische Ausmauerung begrenzt. Unter "Ausmauerung" wird in der Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen sowohl eine aus einzelnen Bausteinen aufgebaute Ausmauerung, eine gegossene Ausmauerung oder eine keramische Auskleidung des Reaktorinneren, z. B. in Form einer bestampften Membranwand, verstanden. Über tangential und geneigt angeordnete Brennstoffzuführungen 4a, 4b, und 4c wird Brennstoff in den Reaktor eingebracht. Über sich zum Konus 2 hin öffnende Leitungen 5a und 5b wird Primärluft in den Konus 2 eingeblasen. Der Konus 2 ist an seinem unteren Ende mit einer Ascheabzugsleitung 6 verbunden. In die Ascheleitung 6 kann über Leitung 7 Sichterluft eingeblasen werden. Durch die Sichterluft wird die Kornfraktion bestimmt, die über Leitung 6 abgezogen werden kann. Über eine Leitung 8 wird dem zylindrischen Oberteil 3 Sekundärluft tangential zugeführt. Über ein Ventil 9 kann in die Leitung 6 Zündgas eingeführt werden, das über einen elektrischen Zünder 10 gezündet wird. Die dem oberen Teil 3 zugeordnete Auslaßöffnung 3a öffnet sich zu einem abgewinkelten Abgaskanal 11 hin. Die Primärluftzuführungen 5a und 5b sind ebenfalls so angeordnet, daß die Primärluft tangential in den Konus 2 eintritt.In the combustion reactor 1 according to FIG. 1, both the conical lower part 2 and the cylindrical upper part 3 are delimited by a cylindrical lining. Under "brick lining" in the description and in the claims, one is built from individual building blocks Brick lining, a cast lining or a ceramic lining of the reactor interior, e.g. B. understood in the form of a powdered membrane wall. Fuel is introduced into the reactor via tangential and inclined fuel feeds 4a, 4b, and 4c. Primary air is blown into the cone 2 via lines 5a and 5b opening towards the cone 2. The cone 2 is connected at its lower end to an ash extraction line 6. Sifter air can be blown into the ash line 6 via line 7. The grain fraction, which can be drawn off via line 6, is determined by the classifier air. Secondary air is fed tangentially to the cylindrical upper part 3 via a line 8. Ignition gas can be introduced into the line 6 via a valve 9, which gas is ignited via an electrical igniter 10. The outlet opening 3a assigned to the upper part 3 opens towards an angled exhaust duct 11. The primary air feeds 5a and 5b are also arranged so that the primary air enters the cone 2 tangentially.

Durch die abgewinkelte Führung des Kanales 11 wird der in der Auslaßöffnung 3a noch vorhandene Drall gemindert, so daß in der anschließenden nicht dargestellten Abfuhrleitung der Transport der mitabgezogenen Flugasche im wesentlichen ohne Drall erfolgt. Eine solche abgewinkelte Leitung verhindert im wesentlichen auch Rückströmungen in den Reaktor.Due to the angled guidance of the channel 11, the swirl still present in the outlet opening 3a is reduced, so that in the subsequent discharge line, not shown, the transport of the fly ash drawn off takes place essentially without swirl. Such an angled line also essentially prevents backflows into the reactor.

Bei der in der FIG. 2 gezeigten Ausführungsform ist der Reaktor 12 in seinem zylindrischen Oberteil 13 mit einer Ausmauerung 14 aus zwei Schichten 14a und 14b versehen, während dem konischen Unterteil 15 ein Luftkasten 16 zugeordnet ist. Das konische Unterteil 15 besteht aus einem an das Oberteil 13 anschließenden ersten Konus 15a, einem zylindrischen Zwischenabschnitt 15b und einem weiteren Konus 15c. Auch eine solche Anordnung wird in der Beschreibung und in den Ansprüchen als im wesentlichen konisch betrachtet. Der Luftkasten 16 ist mit einem Anschlußstutzen 17 versehen, in den Kühlluft einströmt. Diese Kühlluft tritt durch tangetial ausgerichtete Öffnungen 18 im Konusabschnitt 15a in das Reaktorinnere ein. Weiterhin sind dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 15b mehrere ein den Luftkasten 16 durchsetzende Primärluftanschlußstutzen 19a und 19b zugeordnet, aus denen Primärluft tangential in das Innere des Reaktors eintritt.When in the FIG. 2 embodiment shown, the reactor 12 is provided in its cylindrical upper part 13 with a lining 14 of two layers 14a and 14b, while an air box 16 is assigned to the conical lower part 15. The conical lower part 15 consists of a first cone 15a adjoining the upper part 13, a cylindrical intermediate section 15b and a further cone 15c. Such an arrangement is also considered essential in the description and in the claims considered conical. The air box 16 is provided with a connecting piece 17 into which cooling air flows. This cooling air enters the interior of the reactor through tangentially oriented openings 18 in the cone section 15a. Furthermore, the cylindrical section 15b is assigned a plurality of primary air connecting pieces 19a and 19b passing through the air box 16, from which primary air enters the interior of the reactor tangentially.

Die Zufuhr von Sekundärluft erfolgt über in axialer und in Umfangsrichtung auf Abstand angeordnete Luftzuführungen 20a bis 20f. Der Brennstoff wird bei 21 eingeführt. Desweiteren ist ein außenliegender mit Kühlluft beaufschlagter Kühlmantel 22 vorgesehen, dem über Stutzen 22a Kühlluft zugeführt und aus dem über Stutzen 22b Kühlluft abgezogen wird.Secondary air is supplied via air inlets 20a to 20f which are spaced axially and circumferentially. The fuel is introduced at 21. Furthermore, an external cooling jacket 22, to which cooling air is applied, is provided, to which cooling air is supplied via connection piece 22a and from which cooling air is drawn off via connection piece 22b.

Auch hier ist der dem unteren Konusabschnitt 15c folgende Grobascheabzug 23 mit einem Sichterluftanschluß 24 versehen.Here too, the coarse ash discharge 23 following the lower cone section 15c is provided with a classifier air connection 24.

Bei dem in der FIG. 3 gezeigten Reaktor 25 ist das zylindrische Oberteil 26 wiederum mit einer Ausmauerung 27 versehen und ist das konische Unterteil 28 in einem Luftkasten 29 angeordnet, dem über einen Anschlußstutzen 30 Primärluft zugeführt wird, die über eine Luftzuführung 31 in einen geradzylindrischen Abschnitt 28a des konischen Unterteiles tangential eintreten kann. Der rein konisch ausgebildete Abschnitt 28b ist mit einem auf Abstand angeordneten Doppelmantel 28b' versehen. In den Raum zwischen konischem Abschnitt 28b und Doppelmantel 28' tritt über einen den Luftkasten 29 durchsetzenden Anschluß 32 Kühlluft ein, die am unteren Endes des Doppelmantels durch einen Ringspalt 33 ebenfalls in den Luftkasten eintritt.In the in the FIG. 3 reactor 25 shown, the cylindrical upper part 26 is in turn provided with a lining 27 and the conical lower part 28 is arranged in an air box 29, to which primary air is supplied via a connecting piece 30, which is tangential via an air supply 31 into a straight cylindrical section 28a of the conical lower part can occur. The purely conical section 28b is provided with a spaced double jacket 28b '. Cooling air enters the space between the conical section 28b and the double jacket 28 'via a connection 32 passing through the air box 29 and also enters the air box at the lower end of the double jacket through an annular gap 33.

Die Beaufschlagung der Leitungen 30 und 32 erfolgt geregelt und getrennt, so daß die Temperatur der in den Konus 28 eingeführten Luft geregelt werden kann.The action of the lines 30 and 32 is regulated and separated, so that the temperature of the air introduced into the cone 28 can be regulated.

Dem unteren Ende des zylindrischen Abschnittes 28a ist ein Düsenboden 34 zugeordnet, durch den axial Luft aus dem Luftkasten 29 als Fluidisierungluft in das konische Unterteil 28 eintritt. Zum Abzug der Asche ist ein den Düsenboden durchsetzendes und sich zum zylindrischen Abschnitt 28b hin öffnendes Abzugsrohr 35 vorgesehen.The lower end of the cylindrical section 28a is assigned a nozzle base 34, through which air from the air box 29 axially enters the conical lower part 28 as fluidizing air. To remove the ash, a discharge pipe 35 is provided which penetrates the nozzle base and opens towards the cylindrical section 28b.

Dem zylindrischen Abschnitt 26 wird über Sekundärluftzuführungen 36a und 36b Sekundärluft tangential zugeführt, während Brennstoff über die Leitung 37 zugeführt wird. In dem Oberteil des Reaktors ist ein verschließbarer Durchlaß 38 für einen in den Reaktorraum vorschiebbaren und aus diesem zurückziehbaren in der FIG. 3 nicht dargestellten Zündbrenner vorgesehen. Ein solcher Durchlaß 38 ist auch bei Fig. 2 vorgesehen.Secondary air is supplied tangentially to the cylindrical section 26 via secondary air supply lines 36a and 36b, while fuel is supplied via line 37. In the upper part of the reactor there is a closable passage 38 for one which can be pushed into and withdrawn from the reactor space in FIG. 3 pilot burner, not shown, is provided. Such a passage 38 is also provided in FIG. 2.

Der Auslaßöffnung 39 ist eine ggf. entsprechend der strichpunktierten Linie isolierte Nachbrennkammer 40 größeren Durchmessers nachgeschaltet, aus der das Abgas durch eine seitliche Abgasleitung 41 abgezogen wird. Die Nachbrennkammer 40 verlängert die Aufenthaltszeit der Brennstoffkörner im System und nimmt außerdem zumindest teilweise den Drall aus der Strömung.The outlet opening 39 is followed by an afterburning chamber 40 of larger diameter, possibly insulated according to the dash-dotted line, from which the exhaust gas is drawn off through a side exhaust pipe 41. The afterburning chamber 40 extends the residence time of the fuel grains in the system and also at least partially removes the swirl from the flow.

Die Ausmauerung 27 kann - wie bei der Ausführungsform gemäß FIG. 2 - mehrschichtig aufgebaut sein. Das Material für die Erstellung des Konus kann bei allen Ausführungsformen hochtemperaturfester Stahl sein. Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß FIG. 2 kann die zur Kühlung herangezogene Kühlluft unter Umständen auch als vorgewärmte Primär- und/oder Sekundärluft eingesetzt werden.The lining 27 can - as in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 - be built up in multiple layers. The material for creating the cone can be high temperature resistant steel in all embodiments. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the cooling air used for cooling can under certain circumstances also be used as preheated primary and / or secondary air.

Neben dem Brennstoff kann Inertmaterial zur Stabilisierung der Verbrennung und zur kontinuierlichen Abreinigung bei allen drei Ausführungsformen eingesetzt werden. Das Inertmaterial sollte im wesentlichen die gleichen Eigenschaften wie der Brennstoff aufweisen, z. B. spezifisches Gewicht, Schüttgewicht und/oder Körnung.In addition to the fuel, inert material can be used to stabilize the combustion and for continuous cleaning in all three embodiments. The inert material should be essentially the same Have properties like the fuel, e.g. B. specific weight, bulk density and / or grain.

Claims (12)

  1. Combustion reactor of the axial cyclone type for the combustion of solid fuels in a rotational flow field having a substantially conical lower part and a cylindrical upper part, an opening for the withdrawal of ashes at the lower end of the lower part and a center outlet opening in the roof of the upper part, as well as a fuel supply and at least a tangential air supply at the cylindrical upper part,
    characterized in that at least one tangential air supply (31) is provided at the lower end of the conical lower part (28), in that the conical lower part (28) is surrounded by an air chamber (29), from which air enters into the conical lower part, and in that within the air chamber (29) a cross-flowable double casing (28b') is provided, which is arranged in a spaced manner from the outer surface of the conical lower part (28).
  2. Reactor according to claim 1,
    characterized in that the air supply at the cylindrical upper part is achieved in a staged manner via air supply means (20a-20f; 36a-36b) being arranged in a spaced manner axially and/or circumferentially.
  3. Reactor according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterized in that besides a tangential air supply also at least one axial air supply (34), preferably in the form of an air distribution plate for the supply of fluidizing air, is provided.
  4. Reactor according to at least one of the claims 1 - 3,
    characterized in that the fuel supply (4a-4c; 21; 37) occurs in the cylindrical upper part (3; 13; 26).
  5. Reactor according to at least one of the claims 1 - 4,
    characterized in that the fuel supply occurs tangentially.
  6. Reactor according to at least one of the claims 1 - 5,
    characterized in that the fuel supply occurs in a plurality of stages in axial and/or circumferential direction.
  7. Reactor according to anyone of the claims 1 - 6,
    characterized in that at least the cylindrical upper part (3; 13; 26) is provided with a ceramic lining.
  8. Reactor according to at least one of the claims 1 - 7,
    characterized in that additionally to the ceramic lining an outlying one or multi layered insulation is provided.
  9. Reactor according to at least one of the claims 1 - 8,
    characterized in that the reactor is provided a forced flow cooling jacket (22).
  10. Reactor according to at least one of the claims 1 - 9,
    characterized in that to the outlet opening (39) an afterburning chamber (40) is connected, which after burning chamber has a diameter widened with respect to the outlet opening and is provided with a lateral waste gas outlet (41).
  11. Process for operating a combustion reactor of the axial cylone type according to one of the claims 1 - 10,
    characterized in that besides the fuel a particulate inert material is fed into the reactor.
  12. Process according to claim 11,
    characterized in that the inert material substantially shows the same properties as the fuel.
EP92121807A 1992-01-11 1992-12-22 Axial cyclone combustion chamber Expired - Lifetime EP0551643B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4200575 1992-01-11
DE4200575A DE4200575C2 (en) 1992-01-11 1992-01-11 Axial cyclone combustion reactor and method for operating an axial cyclone combustion reactor

Publications (3)

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EP0551643A2 EP0551643A2 (en) 1993-07-21
EP0551643A3 EP0551643A3 (en) 1993-12-08
EP0551643B1 true EP0551643B1 (en) 1997-05-21

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EP92121807A Expired - Lifetime EP0551643B1 (en) 1992-01-11 1992-12-22 Axial cyclone combustion chamber

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AT (1) ATE153432T1 (en)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19501736C1 (en) * 1994-12-06 1996-06-20 Steinmueller Gmbh L & C Process for the incineration of sewage sludge and plant for carrying out the process
DE10224563A1 (en) * 2002-06-03 2003-12-18 Ulrich Duerasch Three-phase method and device for calcining or for lime burning and for the thermal treatment of free-flowing bulk materials, taking into account a particularly low-carbon production
DE102009014010B4 (en) * 2009-03-19 2012-02-23 Georg Fischer Gmbh & Co. Kg Burner for solid, lumpy fuel
DE102010014479B4 (en) * 2010-04-09 2012-01-12 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Og Apparatus and method for hot gas production with integrated heating of a heat transfer medium

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1218649B (en) * 1954-03-30 1966-06-08 Kohlenscheidungs Ges Mit Besch Melting chamber firing with an almost vertical cylindrical combustion chamber
GB1204177A (en) * 1967-10-10 1970-09-03 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Process for the combustion of carbonaceous material
US4308806A (en) * 1978-04-05 1982-01-05 Babcock-Hitachi Kabushiki Kaisha Incinerator for burning waste and a method of utilizing same
IT7904949V0 (en) * 1979-10-08 1979-10-08 Gavioli Gabriele INSULATING WALL WITH HEAT OR COLD RECOVERY
DD234585A3 (en) * 1983-11-07 1986-04-09 Werner Altmann AXIAL CYCLONE COMBUSTION REACTOR
DE3503603A1 (en) * 1985-02-02 1986-08-07 Cornel. Schmidt GmbH & Co KG, 5090 Leverkusen Furnace installation
DE3636071A1 (en) * 1986-10-23 1988-08-25 Gewerk Sophia Jakoba Device for burning, particularly of less active coal dust
DD257280A1 (en) * 1987-01-30 1988-06-08 Bezirksdirektion Fuer Strassen COMBINED CYCLONE SWIVEL LAYER REACTOR
DE3839381A1 (en) * 1988-11-22 1990-01-04 Mrklas Louis Vertically rotating fluidised-bed combustion for clinical waste, sewage sludge, pasty, dusty, liquid and granular waste matter
DE4000319A1 (en) * 1989-02-03 1990-08-09 Evt Energie & Verfahrenstech Nitrogen-oxide reduction system - is for steam generator and delivers carbonaceous material for sub-stoichiometric combustion into fluidised bed

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Publication number Publication date
DE4200575A1 (en) 1993-07-15
EP0551643A2 (en) 1993-07-21
ATE153432T1 (en) 1997-06-15
ES2104807T3 (en) 1997-10-16
DE59208519D1 (en) 1997-06-26
DE4200575C2 (en) 1997-09-18
EP0551643A3 (en) 1993-12-08

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