EP0551634B1 - Process and device for making hollow bricks - Google Patents

Process and device for making hollow bricks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0551634B1
EP0551634B1 EP92121713A EP92121713A EP0551634B1 EP 0551634 B1 EP0551634 B1 EP 0551634B1 EP 92121713 A EP92121713 A EP 92121713A EP 92121713 A EP92121713 A EP 92121713A EP 0551634 B1 EP0551634 B1 EP 0551634B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plunger
mould
concrete
core pins
component part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP92121713A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0551634A1 (en
Inventor
Josef Metten
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Metten Stein and Design GmbH and Co KG
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Metten Stein and Design GmbH and Co KG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/44Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by forcing cores into filled moulds for forming hollow articles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/16Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes
    • B28B7/18Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article
    • B28B7/183Moulds for making shaped articles with cavities or holes open to the surface, e.g. with blind holes the holes passing completely through the article for building blocks or similar block-shaped objects
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S425/00Plastic article or earthenware shaping or treating: apparatus
    • Y10S425/037Perforate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for producing concrete blocks with continuous, thin holes for water drainage (hole blocks), in particular paving stones of various formats and sizes, the production in at least one form filled with concrete, which is stored on a molding table, and at least one stamp corresponding to the shape and the stone surface for compacting the concrete is carried out and the concrete blocks then harden.
  • the generic GB-A-493,777 shows a form for producing bricks.
  • This mold has a double bottom in the form of a continuous indentation, material being filled into the mold in a first step. This is then compressed in a second step in the edge area of the mold and subsequently in the third step, the resulting free spaces are filled again with material. Finally, in a fourth step, the entire material is compressed again and an upper indentation is pressed in. In a last step, holes are made in the material while again compacting. The work steps are carried out with different tools and with successive filling processes, the Finally, holes are pressed into the compacted material with great effort. It is inevitable that a considerable amount of material is pressed into the lower indentation during the press-in process.
  • the further known DE-A-2402787 shows a device for producing concrete blocks with holes.
  • the holes are worked into the concrete blocks using core punches.
  • these holes are not through holes but blind holes that end in the lower area of the concrete blocks. These holes become clogged with dirt and water when used outdoors.
  • US-A-3,127,459 shows a rectangular brick with through holes. These end on the straight rectangular surfaces of the brick.
  • GB-A-721,220 shows something similar. This document shows a brick with large recesses that also open on straight rectangular surfaces of the brick.
  • the object of the present invention is to modify known methods and devices so that concrete blocks, in particular paving stones, of various formats and sizes with continuous, thin holes for water drainage (hole blocks) can be produced. It should be possible to produce concrete blocks with a smooth as well as with a rough or roughened surface. Particular importance should be attached to the fact that larger amounts of water can be effectively removed over a longer period of time.
  • This object of the invention is achieved according to the method in that a movable component with perforated pins is arranged in the area of the punches or the shaping table, which is inserted at least partially within the mold with the perforated pins before the concrete is compacted, that the concrete is subsequently by means of a Forward movement of the stamp is compressed, that at least after the compression, the perforated pins protrude into openings of strips arranged on the molding table, so that continuous thin holes are formed in the compressed concrete blocks, that the perforated pins are then at least partially removed from the area of the compressed concrete blocks and then the stamps and, if not yet done, the perforated pins are moved back from the area of the compacted concrete blocks and the concrete blocks are completely removed from the mold.
  • the component on which the perforated pins are fastened is mounted and guided outside the stamp.
  • the perforated pins are inserted into the concrete through openings in the punch to the forming table.
  • the method can also be carried out so that the component is mounted and guided on the molding table and that the perforated pins are inserted through openings in the molding table up to the punch in the concrete.
  • Stored and guided on the molding table is to say that the component can be arranged in a larger-volume molding table or can be mounted below the molding table.
  • the forming table or a drawing plate arranged on the forming table has strips which, according to the desired groove, have a semicircular, angular or cutting-like outer contour.
  • the strips have openings or longitudinal slots which are adapted to the perforated pins or the cross sections of the perforated pins, so that they can dip into the strips.
  • the perforated pins thus have a free space in which they reach such an end position at different heights that the punch (s) can compress the concrete evenly. This is significant because it cannot be guaranteed that the amount and density of concrete poured into the mold will always be the same.
  • the strips are preferably hollow and the drawing plate or the forming table has openings which are in operative connection with the cavities. This allows concrete particles that are pressed into the cavities of the strips by the perforated pins to escape again.
  • the punches have openings, that perforated pins are preferably arranged on the center line of the openings, which are fastened to at least one component, that the component is arranged on the side of the stamp opposite the mold and at least partially independent of it the stamp is displaceable in its direction of movement and that the displacement path of the component is dimensioned such that the ends of the perforated pins extend in the forwardly moved position of the stamp to the forming table on the one hand and up above the surface of the concrete in the retracted position of the stamp on the other.
  • the movement of the component with the perforated pins can take place both depending on and independently of the punch, for example by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or mechanically / electrically by electrically operated spindles.
  • one or more actuating device can act independently of the punch and its push rod on a machine frame.
  • the actuating device or devices can also act on the stamp or a component connected to the stamp.
  • the actuating device can also be designed to be single-acting and be operatively connected to springs which generate counterforces.
  • a simple solution also consists in that the components carrying the perforated pins are fastened to a push rod or push tube or, depending on the size, also to several push rods and push tubes of the machine.
  • the push rods or push tubes are the components which usually raise and lower the punch or punch plate and compact the concrete.
  • the component or components that carry the perforated pins can be rigidly attached to these push rods and the punches for compression relative to these push rods can be resiliently mounted within stops. In this case, therefore, the perforated pins first penetrate at least partially into the concrete until the stamp rests on the concrete, and then penetrate further to the forming table, in which case the stamp yields resiliently and only fully compresses at the end via the stop Concrete.
  • the perforated pins are then first raised, the punch or punches exerting a residual pressure on the concrete block via the springs, after which the perforated pins and the punches are raised to such an extent that they are supported above the surface of the concrete blocks and removed can be.
  • the mold or the component with the perforated pins can have lugs or projections, by means of which the mold is lifted at least in sections when it is lifted. This can advantageously take place on such a section of the route or at a point in time in which the punches still exert residual pressure on the concrete blocks, so that the shear force between the shape and the soft concrete block is overcome.
  • the drawing plate is pulled away from the concrete blocks before they are removed from the mold, so that the concrete blocks come to rest on the molding table or a board, it is advantageous if the longitudinal axes of the strips are aligned parallel to the direction of movement of the drawing plate, so that it can easily be pulled out from under the concrete blocks. If longitudinal slots are arranged in the strips, the perforated pins can initially remain in the compacted, still soft concrete blocks until the strips have been pulled away from under the concrete blocks. This means that the holes cannot be smeared by moving the strips.
  • the device for carrying out the method can also be designed in such a way that the forming table has openings, that preferably perforated pins are arranged on the center line of the openings and are fastened to at least one component that the component is on the side opposite to the mold is arranged on or in the molding table and can be moved in the direction of and away from the stamp and that the displacement path of the component is dimensioned such that the end of the perforated pins up to the stamp in its lowered position on the one hand and into openings within the On the other hand, the mold-facing outer surface of the molding table or the strips arranged on the molding table or drawing plate are sufficient.
  • the punches can also have openings and the displacement path of the components can be dimensioned such that the ends of the perforated pins extend into them.
  • the molding table or the drawing plate can be double-walled, and the component can accommodate actuators, springs and the like.
  • the actuators and / or springs can also be stored outside the molding table or the drawing plate.
  • the filling and compaction of the concrete blocks takes place in the known manner and with the known stamps, while the holes in the concrete blocks are produced by means of perforated pins which are inserted from the mold table after the molds have been filled with concrete.
  • the perforated pins can also be inserted into the mold before the mold is filled with concrete, which is then filled and compacted.
  • the cross section of the perforated pins can be as desired.
  • the first step is to make it round. But it can also be oval, square or rectangular.
  • a cross shape with narrow bars can also be an advantage. How the cross section of the perforated pins is designed is less a question of the manufacturing process or the design of the device than a question of how the cross section of the openings in the perforated bricks should be in the finished state and what amounts of water should be drained off.
  • 1 denotes a molding table on which a drawing plate 2 is mounted.
  • a mold 3 is arranged on the drawing plate 2 and can be raised and lowered independently of the molding table 1.
  • Both the molding table 1 with drawing plate 2 and the mold 3 are usually of such a size that a large number of cavities are formed, so that a large number of concrete blocks can be produced at the same time.
  • 4 with a stamp is designated, which is attached to a push rod 5, which in turn is attached to one or more other components, e.g. supports a stamp plate, so that several stamps are provided according to the size of the shape.
  • 6 pins are designated, which are attached to a component 10 in accordance with FIGS. 4 to 7 and 8 to 9 in such a way that several perforated pins, e.g. four or six are provided.
  • stops 11 can be attached to the component 10 such that they come into contact with the mold when the mold 3 is lifted, and the mold 3 touches the component 10 and thus the perforated pins 6 lifts.
  • strips 12 are provided on the drawing plate, which have openings 13 for the perforated pins 6.
  • the openings 13 are adapted in size to the hole pins 6 so that they are guided in the strips 12.
  • the strips 12 according to FIGS. 1 to 4, 6 and 12 are hollow and are operatively connected to openings in the drawing plate 2, so that concrete material accumulating in the strips can escape.
  • the perforated pins 6 according to FIG. 4 are pulled out of the soft concrete or, according to FIGS. 5 and 7, the form 3 and, via the stops 11, the component 10 with the perforated pins 6 are raised, so that finished but still soft concrete blocks 14 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 are present, which can then harden after removal from the machine.
  • the perforated pins 6 can, as explained in the claims and the general description, be raised and lowered independently of the punches 4 or the form 3. However, they can also be moved via the component 10 in the direction of the mold table 1 by spring force or also by a mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic device in the direction of the mold table 1 and then raised by lifting the mold 3 via the stops 11. However, as can be seen in FIG. 6, the component 10 can also be moved back and forth relative to the stamp plate by means of an actuating device 15 which acts, for example, on the stamp plate.
  • the perforated plate 2 is double-walled in such a way that cavities are formed in which the component 10 with the perforated pins 6 is accommodated so that the perforated pins through the openings 13 in the drawing plate or in the strips of can be inserted into the mold below, to the extent that they protrude into holes 17 in the punches 4.
  • the perforated pins in the holes 17 in the stamps are performed so that no concrete can escape during compaction. If the perforated pins 6 are conical, it must be ensured that the seal is designed so that it is designed to be sealed over a wide area, but at least when the punches compact the concrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Soil Working Implements (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Abstract

Process and device for making concrete bricks with continuous narrow holes for water drainage (hollow bricks), the bricks being made in at least one mould which is filled with concrete and is mounted on a moulding table, and at least one ram, which corresponds to the mould, for compacting the concrete. To produce the narrow holes, there are arranged, in the region of the rams or of the moulding table or of the mould, perforating pins which are guided inside the mould before the compaction of the concrete. Subsequently, the concrete is compacted, the perforating pins are removed from the region of the mould, the compacted concrete bricks are removed from the mould completely and the concrete bricks are hardened. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Betonsteinen mit durchgehenden, dünnen Löchern zur Wasserabführung (Lochsteine), insbesondere Pflastersteine verschiedener Formate und Größen, wobei die Herstellung in zumindest einer mit Beton gefüllten Form, die auf einem Formtisch gelagert ist, und zumindest einem der Form sowie der Steinoberfläche entsprechenden Stempel zum Verdichten des Betons erfolgt und die Betonsteine im Anschluß daran aushärten.The invention relates to a method and a device for producing concrete blocks with continuous, thin holes for water drainage (hole blocks), in particular paving stones of various formats and sizes, the production in at least one form filled with concrete, which is stored on a molding table, and at least one stamp corresponding to the shape and the stone surface for compacting the concrete is carried out and the concrete blocks then harden.

Die gattungsbildende GB-A-493,777 zeigt eine Form zur Erzeugung von Ziegelsteinen. Diese Form weist einen doppelten Boden in Form einer durchgehenden Einbuchtung auf, wobei in einem ersten Arbeitsschritt in die Form Material eingefüllt wird. Dieses wird anschließend in einem zweiten Arbeitsschritt im Randbereich der Form verdichtet und nachfolgend im dritten Arbeitsschritt werden die sich ergebenden Freiräume wieder mit Material aufgefüllt. Schließlich wird in einem vierten Arbeitsschritt nochmals das gesamte Material verdichtet und eine obere Einbuchtung eingedrückt. In einem letzten Arbeitsschritt werden unter gleichzeitiger nochmaliger Verdichtung Löcher in das Material eingearbeitet. Die Arbeitsschritte erfolgen mit unterschiedlichen Werkzeugen und mit aufeinanderfolgenden Füllvorgängen, wobei die Löcher schließlich mit hohem Kraftaufwand in das verdichtete Material eingepreßt werden. Dabei ist es zwangsläufig so, daß während des Einpreßvorgangs eine erhebliche Menge von Material in die untere Einbuchtung gedrückt wird.The generic GB-A-493,777 shows a form for producing bricks. This mold has a double bottom in the form of a continuous indentation, material being filled into the mold in a first step. This is then compressed in a second step in the edge area of the mold and subsequently in the third step, the resulting free spaces are filled again with material. Finally, in a fourth step, the entire material is compressed again and an upper indentation is pressed in. In a last step, holes are made in the material while again compacting. The work steps are carried out with different tools and with successive filling processes, the Finally, holes are pressed into the compacted material with great effort. It is inevitable that a considerable amount of material is pressed into the lower indentation during the press-in process.

Die weiter bekannte DE-A-2402787 zeigt eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Betonsteinen mit Löchern. Dabei werden die Löcher durch Kernstempel in die Betonsteine eingearbeitet. Diese so hergestellten Löcher sind aber keine durchgehenden Löcher sondern Sacklöcher, die im unteren Bereich der Betonsteine enden. Diese Löcher setzen sich kurzfristig bei einer Verwendung im Freien mit Schmutz und Wasser zu.The further known DE-A-2402787 shows a device for producing concrete blocks with holes. The holes are worked into the concrete blocks using core punches. However, these holes are not through holes but blind holes that end in the lower area of the concrete blocks. These holes become clogged with dirt and water when used outdoors.

Die weiterhin bekannte US-A-3,127,459 zeigt einen rechteckigen Ziegelstein mit durchgehenden Löchern. Diese enden auf den geraden Rechteckflächen des Ziegelsteins. Ähnliches zeigt die GB-A-721,220. Dieses Dokument zeigt einen Mauerstein mit großflächigen Ausnehmungen, die ebenfalls auf geraden Rechteckflächen des Mauersteins münden.The further known US-A-3,127,459 shows a rectangular brick with through holes. These end on the straight rectangular surfaces of the brick. GB-A-721,220 shows something similar. This document shows a brick with large recesses that also open on straight rectangular surfaces of the brick.

Ein weiteres Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Betonsteinen, insbesondere Pflastersteine, ist beispielsweise durch die EP-A-0 319 972 bekannt. Nach dieser EP-Schrift werden jedoch Betonsteine mit besonderer Oberflächenstruktur, nicht jedoch Betonsteine mit durchgehenden Löchern hergestellt.Another method and an apparatus for producing concrete blocks, in particular paving stones, is known for example from EP-A-0 319 972. According to this EP document, however, concrete blocks with a special surface structure are produced, but not concrete blocks with through holes.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, bekannte Verfahren und Vorrichtungen so zu modifizieren, daß Betonsteine, insbesondere Pflastersteine, verschiedener Formate und Größen mit durchgehenden, dünnen Löchern zur Wasserabführung (Lochsteine) hergestellt werden können. Dabei sollen sowohl Betonsteine mit glatter als auch mit rauher bzw. aufgerauhter Oberfläche hergestellt werden können. Besonderer Wert soll darauf gelegt werden, daß auch größere Mengen Wasser über einen längeren Zeitraum wirkungsvoll abgeführt werden können.The object of the present invention is to modify known methods and devices so that concrete blocks, in particular paving stones, of various formats and sizes with continuous, thin holes for water drainage (hole blocks) can be produced. It should be possible to produce concrete blocks with a smooth as well as with a rough or roughened surface. Particular importance should be attached to the fact that larger amounts of water can be effectively removed over a longer period of time.

Diese Aufgabe der Erfindung wird gemäß dem Vefahren dadurch gelöst, daß im Bereich der Stempel oder des Formtisches ein bewegliches Bauteil mit Lochstiften angeordnet ist, das mit den Lochstiften vor dem Verdichten des Betons zumindest teilweise innerhalb der Form eingeführt wird, daß anschließend der Beton mittels einer Vorwärtsbewegung der Stempel verdichtet wird, daß zumindest nach der Verdichtung die Lochstifte in Öffnungen von auf dem Formtisch angeordneten Leisten hineinragen, so daß durchgehende dünne Löcher in die verdichteten Betonsteine geformt werden, daß dann die Lochstifte zumindest teilweise aus dem Bereich der verdichteten Betonsteine entfernt und danach die Stempel sowie, soweit noch nicht geschehen, die Lochstifte aus dem Bereich der verdichteten Betonsteine zurückbewegt und die Betonsteine vollständig entformt werden. Der Begriff "zumindest teilweise" wurde sowohl in Verbindung mit der Bewegung der Lochstifte in die mit Beton gefüllten Form und aus der Form heraus gewählt, weil je nach Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung es erfindungsgemäß möglich ist, entweder die Lochstifte unabhängig von dem Stempel so zu bewegen, daß die Lochstifte vollständig in den Beton eingeführt werden und danach der Beton durch den Stempel verdichtet wird und daß im Anschluß daran wiederum die Lochstifte vollständig aus dem Bereich der Form entfernt werden, wobei danach der Stempel zurückbewegt bzw. angehoben und die Betonsteine entformt werden. Es ist aber auch erfindungsgemäß möglich, die Bewegung der Lochstifte und die Bewegung des Stempels zumindest zeitweise bzw. teilweise so miteinander zu koppeln, daß die Lochstifte zunächst nur eine bestimmte Tiefe in den Beton innerhalb der Form eingeschoben werden und dann sich gemeinsam mit dem Stempel vorwärtsbewegen und umgekehrt zunächst nur soweit aus dem verdichteten Beton herausgehoben werden, bis ein Anheben zusammen mit dem Stempel ohne Beschädigung der noch weichen, verdichteten Betonsteine möglich ist. Die letzte Vorgehensweise ist insbesondere dann problemlos möglich, wenn die Lochstifte konisch ausgeführt sind.This object of the invention is achieved according to the method in that a movable component with perforated pins is arranged in the area of the punches or the shaping table, which is inserted at least partially within the mold with the perforated pins before the concrete is compacted, that the concrete is subsequently by means of a Forward movement of the stamp is compressed, that at least after the compression, the perforated pins protrude into openings of strips arranged on the molding table, so that continuous thin holes are formed in the compressed concrete blocks, that the perforated pins are then at least partially removed from the area of the compressed concrete blocks and then the stamps and, if not yet done, the perforated pins are moved back from the area of the compacted concrete blocks and the concrete blocks are completely removed from the mold. The term "at least partially" was chosen both in connection with the movement of the perforated pins into the mold filled with concrete and out of the mold, because, depending on the design of the device, it is possible according to the invention to either move the perforated pins independently of the stamp, that the punch pins are completely inserted into the concrete and then the concrete is compacted by the punch and that the punch pins are then completely removed from the area of the mold, after which the punch is moved back or raised and the concrete blocks are removed from the mold. However, it is also possible according to the invention to couple the movement of the perforated pins and the movement of the punch at least temporarily or partially in such a way that the perforated pins are initially only inserted into the concrete within the mold to a certain depth and then move forward together with the punch and vice versa, only be lifted out of the compacted concrete until it can be lifted together with the punch without damaging the soft, compacted concrete blocks. The last procedure is particularly easy if the perforated pins are conical.

Diese Verfahrensmerkmale beinhalten sowohl die Möglichkeit, daß die durchgehenden, dünnen Löcher in den Betonsteinen dadurch entstehen, daß direkt oder indirekt am Stempel die Lochstifte befestigt sind und mit diesem hin- und herbewegt werden, so daß die Lochstifte zunächst in den noch unverdichteten weichen Beton eindringen und zwar immer mehr bis der Stempel die obere Fläche des noch weichen Betons berührt und diesen verdichtet, wobei die Stifte bis zum Formtisch reichen, so daß dadurch durchgehende dünne Löcher in die verdichteten Betonsteine geformt werden. Danach heben vorzugsweise zunächst die Form, dann die Stempel mit den Stiften an, so daß fertiggeformte Betonsteine vorliegen. Damit die Stifte ohne Zerstörung des noch weichen, nicht ausgehärteten Betonsteins aus diesem herausgezogen werden können, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Stifte konisch ausgeführt sind. In jedem Falle ist durch das erfindungsgemäße Zusammenwirken der Löcher mit den durch die festen gebildeten Nuten eine wirkungsvolle und über einen langen Zeitraum zuverlässige Abführung von Wasser gewährleistet.These process features include both the possibility that the continuous, thin holes in the concrete blocks arise from the fact that the perforated pins are attached directly or indirectly to the punch and are moved back and forth with it, so that the perforated pins first in the penetrate still undensified soft concrete, more and more until the punch touches the upper surface of the still soft concrete and compresses it, the pins reaching as far as the forming table, so that continuous thin holes are formed in the compacted concrete blocks. Then preferably first raise the shape, then the stamp with the pins, so that there are ready-formed concrete blocks. So that the pins can be pulled out of the still soft, uncured concrete block without destroying it, it is advantageous if the pins are conical. In any case, the interaction of the holes with the grooves formed by the fixed grooves ensures effective and reliable drainage of water over a long period of time.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist in Weiterbildung des Verfahrens das Bauteil, an dem die Lochstifte befestigt sind, außerhalb des Stempels gelagert und geführt. Die Lochstifte werden durch Öffnungen im Stempel hindurch bis zum Formtisch in den Beton eingeführt.Advantageously, in a further development of the method, the component on which the perforated pins are fastened is mounted and guided outside the stamp. The perforated pins are inserted into the concrete through openings in the punch to the forming table.

Das Verfahren kann aber auch so ausgeführt werden, daß das Bauteil am Formtisch gelagert und geführt ist und daß die Lochstifte durch Öffnungen im Formtisch hindurch bis zum Stempel in den Beton eingeführt werden. Am Formtisch gelagert und geführt soll sagen, daß das Bauteil sowohl in einem größervolumigen Formtisch angeordnet als auch unterhalb des Formtischs gelagert sein kann.The method can also be carried out so that the component is mounted and guided on the molding table and that the perforated pins are inserted through openings in the molding table up to the punch in the concrete. Stored and guided on the molding table is to say that the component can be arranged in a larger-volume molding table or can be mounted below the molding table.

Bei einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens zur Herstellung von Betonsteinen mit durchgehenden, dünnen Löchern zur Wasserabführung (Lochsteine) wird vorgeschlagen, daß im Bereich der Stempel oder des Formtisches oder der Form Lochstifte angeordnet sind, die zumindest während der Verdichtung des Betons durch die Stempel innerhalb des Verdichtungsraumes angeordnet sind. Es handelt sich dabei um die Grundformen der Vorrichtung durch die mit geringen Modifikationen an bekannten Vorrichtungen Betonsteine mit dünnen Löchern hergestellt werden können. Je nach Ausgestaltung werden dabei die Lochstifte, da an den Stempeln befestigt, gleichzeitig mit der Anhebung und Absenkung der Stempel in den weichen Beton eingeschoben und wieder herausgezogen oder sie befinden sich bereits durch Anordnung an der Form oder am Formtisch in dem Hohlraum, bevor der Beton eingefüllt wird und werden nach Verdichtung der Betonsteine herausgezogen.In a device for carrying out the method for the production of concrete blocks with continuous, thin holes for water drainage (hole blocks) it is proposed that in the area of the stamp or the molding table or the mold, perforated pins are arranged, which at least during the compaction of the concrete by the stamp inside of the compression space are arranged. These are the basic forms of the device by means of which concrete blocks with thin holes can be produced with minor modifications to known devices. Depending on the design, the perforated pins are attached to the stamps, simultaneously with the raising and lowering of the stamps in the soft concrete inserted and pulled out again or they are already in the cavity by arrangement on the mold or on the molding table before the concrete is poured in and are pulled out after compaction of the concrete blocks.

Damit auf der Unterseite der Formsteine in Verbindung mit den Löchern Nuten eingeformt werden können, weist der Formtisch oder ein auf dem Formtisch angeordnetes Ziehblech Leisten auf, die entsprechend der gewünschten Nut eine halbrunde, eckige oder schneidenförmige Außenkontur aufweisen. Die Leisten weisen Öffnungen oder Längsschlitze auf, die den Lochstiften bzw. den Querschnitten der Lochstifte angepaßt sind, so daß diese in die Leisten eintauchen können. Die Lochstifte haben dadurch einen Freiraum, in dem sie auf verschiedene Höhen eine solche Endlage erreichen, daß der/die Stempel ungehemmt den Beton gleichmäßig verdichten können. Das ist bedeutungsvoll, da nicht sichergestellt werden kann, daß die in die Form eingefüllte Betonmenge und -dichte immer gleich ist. Vorzugsweise sind die Leisten hohl ausgebildet und das Ziehblech bzw. der Formtisch weist Öffnungen auf, die mit den Hohlräumen in Wirkverbindung stehen. Dadurch können Betonteilchen, die von den Lochstiften in die Hohlräume der Leisten eingedrückt werden, wieder entweichen.So that grooves can be formed on the underside of the shaped blocks in connection with the holes, the forming table or a drawing plate arranged on the forming table has strips which, according to the desired groove, have a semicircular, angular or cutting-like outer contour. The strips have openings or longitudinal slots which are adapted to the perforated pins or the cross sections of the perforated pins, so that they can dip into the strips. The perforated pins thus have a free space in which they reach such an end position at different heights that the punch (s) can compress the concrete evenly. This is significant because it cannot be guaranteed that the amount and density of concrete poured into the mold will always be the same. The strips are preferably hollow and the drawing plate or the forming table has openings which are in operative connection with the cavities. This allows concrete particles that are pressed into the cavities of the strips by the perforated pins to escape again.

In weiterer Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung wird vorgeschlagen, daß die Stempel Öffnungen aufweisen, daß vorzugsweise auf der Mittellinie der Öffnungen Lochstifte angeordnet sind, die an zumindest einem Bauteil befestigt sind, daß das Bauteil auf der der Form gegenüberliegenden Seite des Stempels angeordnet und zumindest teilweise unabhängig von dem Stempel in dessen Bewegungsrichtung verschiebbar ist und daß der Verschiebeweg des Bauteils so bemessen ist, daß die Enden der Lochstifte in vorwärtsbewegter Stellung des Stempels bis zum Formtisch einerseits und bis oberhalb der Oberfläche des Betons in zurückbewegter Stellung des Stempels andererseits reichen. Die Bewegung des Bauteils mit den Lochstiften kann sowohl abhängig als auch unabhängig vom Stempel, z.B. durch Hydraulik- oder Pneumatikzylinder oder mechanisch/elektrisch durch elektrisch betätigte Spindeln, erfolgen. Bei einer Lösung, bei der das Bauteil mit den Lochstiften vollständig unabhängig bewegt wird, können eine oder mehrere Stelleinrichtung(en) unabhängig von dem Stempel und dessen Schubstange an einem Maschinengestell angreifen. Die Stelleinrichtung oder -einrichtungen können aber auch am Stempel oder einem mit dem Stempel verbundenen Bauteil angreifen. Die Stelleinrichtung kann auch einfach wirkend ausgebildet sein und mit Federn in Wirkverbindung stehen, die Gegenkräfte erzeugen.In a further embodiment of the device it is proposed that the punches have openings, that perforated pins are preferably arranged on the center line of the openings, which are fastened to at least one component, that the component is arranged on the side of the stamp opposite the mold and at least partially independent of it the stamp is displaceable in its direction of movement and that the displacement path of the component is dimensioned such that the ends of the perforated pins extend in the forwardly moved position of the stamp to the forming table on the one hand and up above the surface of the concrete in the retracted position of the stamp on the other. The movement of the component with the perforated pins can take place both depending on and independently of the punch, for example by hydraulic or pneumatic cylinders or mechanically / electrically by electrically operated spindles. In a solution in which the component with the perforated pins is complete is moved independently, one or more actuating device (s) can act independently of the punch and its push rod on a machine frame. The actuating device or devices can also act on the stamp or a component connected to the stamp. The actuating device can also be designed to be single-acting and be operatively connected to springs which generate counterforces.

Eine einfache Lösung besteht auch darin, daß die die Lochstifte tragenden Bauteile an einer Schubstange oder Schubrohr oder je nach Größe auch an mehreren Schubstangen und Schubrohre der Maschine befestigt sind. Bei den Schubstangen oder Schubrohren handelt es sich um die Bauelemente, die üblicherweise den oder die Stempel bzw. Stempelplatte anheben und absenken und den Beton verdichten. In vorteilhafter Weise können das oder die Bauteile, die die Lochstifte tragen, an diesen Schubstangen starr befestigt und die Stempel zum Verdichten gegenüber diesen Schubstangen federnd, innerhalb von Anschlägen, gelagert sein. In diesem Fall dringen daher die Lochstifte zunächst zumindest teilweise in den Beton soweit ein, bis der Stempel auf dem Beton aufliegt, und dringen dann weiter bis zum Formtisch vor, wobei dann der Stempel federnd nachgibt und erst am Schluß über den Anschlag eine volle Verdichtung des Betons vornimmt. In der umgekehrten Bewegung werden dann zunächst die Lochstifte angehoben, wobei der oder die Stempel über die Federn noch einen Restdruck auf den Betonstein ausüben, wobei danach die Lochstifte und die Stempel soweit angehoben werden, daß sie oberhalb der Oberfläche der Betonsteine gelagert sind und diese entfernt werden können.A simple solution also consists in that the components carrying the perforated pins are fastened to a push rod or push tube or, depending on the size, also to several push rods and push tubes of the machine. The push rods or push tubes are the components which usually raise and lower the punch or punch plate and compact the concrete. Advantageously, the component or components that carry the perforated pins can be rigidly attached to these push rods and the punches for compression relative to these push rods can be resiliently mounted within stops. In this case, therefore, the perforated pins first penetrate at least partially into the concrete until the stamp rests on the concrete, and then penetrate further to the forming table, in which case the stamp yields resiliently and only fully compresses at the end via the stop Concrete. In the reverse movement, the perforated pins are then first raised, the punch or punches exerting a residual pressure on the concrete block via the springs, after which the perforated pins and the punches are raised to such an extent that they are supported above the surface of the concrete blocks and removed can be.

Da zum Entformen der Betonsteine in vorteilhafter Weise auch die Form angehoben wird, kann die Form oder das Bauteil mit den Lochstiften Nasen oder Vorsprünge aufweisen, durch die die Form beim Anheben zumindest streckenweise mit angehoben wird. Dies kann in vorteilhafter Weise auf einem solchen Streckenabschnitt oder zu einem solchen Zeitpunkt geschehen, in dem die Stempel noch einen Restdruck auf die Betonsteine ausüben, so daß die Scherkraft zwischen Form und weichem Betonstein überwunden wird.Since the mold is also advantageously lifted for demolding the concrete blocks, the mold or the component with the perforated pins can have lugs or projections, by means of which the mold is lifted at least in sections when it is lifted. This can advantageously take place on such a section of the route or at a point in time in which the punches still exert residual pressure on the concrete blocks, so that the shear force between the shape and the soft concrete block is overcome.

Da je nach Ausgestaltung der Formmaschine das Ziehblech vor dem Entformen der Betonsteine unter diesen weggezogen wird, so daß die Betonsteine auf dem Formtisch bzw. einem Brett zu liegen kommen, ist es vorteilhaft, wenn die Längsachsen der Leisten parallel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ziehbleches ausgerichtet sind, so daß dieses ohne weiteres unter den Betonsteinen weggezogen werden kann. Wenn in den Leisten Längsschlitze angeordnet sind, dann können die Lochstifte zunächst in den verdichteten, noch weichen Betonsteinen solange verbleiben, bis die Leisten unter den Betonsteinen weggezogen sind. Dadurch können die Löcher durch Verschieben der Leisten nicht ver/zuschmieren.Since, depending on the design of the molding machine, the drawing plate is pulled away from the concrete blocks before they are removed from the mold, so that the concrete blocks come to rest on the molding table or a board, it is advantageous if the longitudinal axes of the strips are aligned parallel to the direction of movement of the drawing plate, so that it can easily be pulled out from under the concrete blocks. If longitudinal slots are arranged in the strips, the perforated pins can initially remain in the compacted, still soft concrete blocks until the strips have been pulled away from under the concrete blocks. This means that the holes cannot be smeared by moving the strips.

Wie bereits in Verbindung mit dem Verfahren angesprochen, kann die Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens auch so ausgebildet sein, daß der Formtisch Öffnungen aufweisen, daß vorzugsweise auf der Mittellinie der Öffnungen Lochstifte angeordnet sind, die an zumindest einem Bauteil befestigt sind, daß das Bauteil auf der der Form gegenüberliegenden Seite am oder im Formtisch angeordnet und in Richtung zum und weg vom Stempel verschiebbar ist sowie daß der Verschiebeweg des Bauteils so bemessen ist, daß das Ende der Lochstifte bis zum Stempel in dessen abgesenkter Stellung einerseits und bis in Öffnungen innerhalb der der Form zugewandten Außenfläche des Formtisches oder der auf dem Formtisch oder Ziehblech angeordneten Leisten andererseits reichen. Dabei können auch die Stempel Öffnungen aufweisen und der Verschiebeweg der Bauteile so bemessen sein, daß die Enden der Lochstifte bis in diese reichen. Zur Aufnahme des oder der Bauteile kann der Formtisch oder das Ziehblech doppelwandig ausgebildet sein, und das Bauteil Stelleinrichtungen, Federn und dergl. aufnehmen. Die Stelleinrichtungen und/oder Federn können aber auch außerhalb des Formtisches bzw. des Ziehbleches gelagert sein. Bei der zuletzt geschilderten Vorrichtung erfolgt die Füllung und Verdichtung der Betonsteine in der bekannten Art und mit den bekannten Stempeln, während die Herstellung der Löchern in den Betonsteinen durch Lochstifte erfolgt, die vom Formtisch her nach Füllen der Formen mit Beton eingeschoben werden. Bei der Ausführung mit Lochstiften im Bereich des Formtisches können die Lochstifte aber auch schon in die Form eingeführt werden, bevor die Form mit Beton gefüllt ist, wobei dann anschließend die Befüllung und Verdichtung erfolgt.As already mentioned in connection with the method, the device for carrying out the method can also be designed in such a way that the forming table has openings, that preferably perforated pins are arranged on the center line of the openings and are fastened to at least one component that the component is on the side opposite to the mold is arranged on or in the molding table and can be moved in the direction of and away from the stamp and that the displacement path of the component is dimensioned such that the end of the perforated pins up to the stamp in its lowered position on the one hand and into openings within the On the other hand, the mold-facing outer surface of the molding table or the strips arranged on the molding table or drawing plate are sufficient. The punches can also have openings and the displacement path of the components can be dimensioned such that the ends of the perforated pins extend into them. To accommodate the component or components, the molding table or the drawing plate can be double-walled, and the component can accommodate actuators, springs and the like. The actuators and / or springs can also be stored outside the molding table or the drawing plate. In the last-described device, the filling and compaction of the concrete blocks takes place in the known manner and with the known stamps, while the holes in the concrete blocks are produced by means of perforated pins which are inserted from the mold table after the molds have been filled with concrete. In the version with perforated pins in the In the area of the molding table, the perforated pins can also be inserted into the mold before the mold is filled with concrete, which is then filled and compacted.

Wie das Verfahren ausgeführt und wie die Vorrichtung gestaltet wird, ob beispielsweise die Lochstifte von der Seite des Stempels oder vom Formtisch her in den Beton eingeführt werden, hängt davon ab, wie sich das von Fall zu Fall am einfachsten ausgestalten läßt und welche Vorzüge überwiegen.How the method is carried out and how the device is designed, for example whether the perforated pins are inserted into the concrete from the side of the punch or from the molding table, depends on how this can be done most easily from case to case and which advantages predominate.

Es sei noch darauf hingewiesen, daß der Querschnitt der Lochstifte beliebig sein kann. Zunächst ist daran gedacht, diesen rund auszugestalten. Er kann aber auch oval oder quadratisch bzw. rechteckig ausgeführt sein. Auch eine Kreuzform mit schmalen Stegen kann von Vorteil sein. Wie der Querschnitt der Lochstifte ausgeführt ist, ist weniger eine Frage des Herstellungsverfahrens bzw. der Ausgestaltung der Vorrichtung als eine Frage, wie der Querschnitt der Öffnungen in den Lochsteinen im fertigen Zustand sein soll und welche Wassermengen abgeführt werden sollen.It should also be pointed out that the cross section of the perforated pins can be as desired. The first step is to make it round. But it can also be oval, square or rectangular. A cross shape with narrow bars can also be an advantage. How the cross section of the perforated pins is designed is less a question of the manufacturing process or the design of the device than a question of how the cross section of the openings in the perforated bricks should be in the finished state and what amounts of water should be drained off.

Zur weiteren Erläuterung der Erfindung wird auf die Zeichnungen verwiesen, in der mehrere Ausführungen der Erfindung vereinfacht dargestellt sind.
Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt durch eine Teilansicht einer Form mit Formtisch im leeren Zustand
Fig. 2
einen Schnitt durch die Form mit Formtisch gemäß Fig. 2 jedoch in gefülltem Zustand,
Fig. 3
einen Schnitt gemäß Fig. 2, bei der jedoch zusätzlich ein Stempel mit einer Stempelstange und einem Bauteil mit Lochstiften dargestellt sind, in abgesenktem Zustand,
Fig. 4
eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Lochsteinen gemäß Fig. 3, wobei jedoch das Bauteil mit den Lochstiften angehoben ist,
Fig. 5
eine Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 4, bei der auch der Stempel und die Form angehoben und ein auf dem Formtisch gelagertes Ziehblech mit Leisten entfernt ist,
Fig. 6
eine Vorrichtung entsprechend Fig. 3 in vergrößertem Maßstab, die detaillierter ausgeführt ist,
Fig. 7
eine Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 4, ebenfalls in vergrößertem Maßstab,
Fig. 8
eine Vorrichtung im vergrößertem Maßstab, ähnlich Fig. 6, bei der die Lochstifte an einem Bauteil befestigt sind, das innerhalb eines Hohlraumes des Ziehbleches gelagert ist in angehobener Stellung des Bauteils bzw. eingeschobenen Lochstiften und
Fig. 9
eine Vorrichtung entsprechend Fig. 8, bei der jedoch das Bauteil mit den Lochstiften abgesenkt und damit aus dem Beton bewegt sind und die Form angehoben ist.
To further explain the invention, reference is made to the drawings, in which several embodiments of the invention are shown in simplified form.
Show it:
Fig. 1
a section through a partial view of a form with form table in the empty state
Fig. 2
3 shows a section through the mold with the molding table according to FIG. 2 but in the filled state,
Fig. 3
2, in which, however, a stamp with a stamp rod and a component with perforated pins are additionally shown, in the lowered state,
Fig. 4
3 shows a device for producing perforated bricks, but the component with the perforated pins is raised,
Fig. 5
4, in which the stamp and the mold are also raised and a drawing plate with strips mounted on the molding table is removed,
Fig. 6
3 on an enlarged scale, which is carried out in more detail,
Fig. 7
4, also on an enlarged scale,
Fig. 8
a device on an enlarged scale, similar to FIG. 6, in which the perforated pins are attached to a component which is mounted within a cavity of the drawing plate in the raised position of the component or inserted perforated pins and
Fig. 9
a device according to Fig. 8, but in which the component is lowered with the perforated pins and thus moved out of the concrete and the shape is raised.

In den Fig. 1 bis 9 ist, soweit im einzelnen dargestellt, mit 1 ein Formtisch bezeichnet, auf dem ein Ziehblech 2 gelagert ist. Auf dem Ziehblech 2 ist eine Form 3 angeordnet, die unabhängig von dem Formtisch 1 angehoben und abgesenkt werden kann. Sowohl der Formtisch 1 mit Ziehblech 2 als auch die Form 3 weisen üblicherweise eine solche Größe auf, daß eine Vielzahl von Hohlräumen gebildet wird, so daß eine Vielzahl von Betonsteinen gleichzeitig hergestellt werden kann. Mit 4 ist ein Stempel bezeichnet, der an einer Schubstange 5 befestigt ist, die sich wiederum an einem oder mehreren anderen Bauteilen, z.B. einer Stempelplatte abstützt, so daß entsprechend der Größe der Form mehrere Stempel vorgesehen sind. Weiterhin sind mit 6 Lochstifte bezeichnet, die gemäß den Fig. 4 bis 7 und 8 bis 9 an einem Bauteil 10 so befestigt sind, daß pro Betonstein mehrere Lochstifte, z.B. vier oder sechs vorgesehen sind.1 to 9, as far as shown in detail, 1 denotes a molding table on which a drawing plate 2 is mounted. A mold 3 is arranged on the drawing plate 2 and can be raised and lowered independently of the molding table 1. Both the molding table 1 with drawing plate 2 and the mold 3 are usually of such a size that a large number of cavities are formed, so that a large number of concrete blocks can be produced at the same time. 4 with a stamp is designated, which is attached to a push rod 5, which in turn is attached to one or more other components, e.g. supports a stamp plate, so that several stamps are provided according to the size of the shape. Furthermore, 6 pins are designated, which are attached to a component 10 in accordance with FIGS. 4 to 7 and 8 to 9 in such a way that several perforated pins, e.g. four or six are provided.

Wie insbesondere den Fig. 3, 5 und 7 zu entnehmen ist, können an dem Bauteil 10 Anschläge 11 so angebracht sein, daß diese beim Anheben der Form 3 mit der Form in Berührung treten und die Form 3 das Bauteil 10 und damit die Lochstifte 6 anhebt.3, 5 and 7 in particular, stops 11 can be attached to the component 10 such that they come into contact with the mold when the mold 3 is lifted, and the mold 3 touches the component 10 and thus the perforated pins 6 lifts.

Wie weiter den Fig. 1 bis 4, 6 und 8 zu entnehmen ist, sind auf dem Ziehblech 2 Leisten 12 vorgesehen, die Öffnungen 13 für die Lochstifte 6 aufweisen. Die Öffnungen 13 sind in ihrer Größe den Lochstiften 6 angepaßt, so daß diese in den Leisten 12 geführt sind. Die Leisten 12 gemäß den Fig. 1 bis 4, 6 und 12 sind hohl ausgebildet und stehen mit Öffnungen in dem Ziehblech 2 in Wirkverbindung, so daß sich in den Leisten ansammelndes Betonmaterial entweichen kann.1 to 4, 6 and 8, strips 12 are provided on the drawing plate, which have openings 13 for the perforated pins 6. The openings 13 are adapted in size to the hole pins 6 so that they are guided in the strips 12. The strips 12 according to FIGS. 1 to 4, 6 and 12 are hollow and are operatively connected to openings in the drawing plate 2, so that concrete material accumulating in the strips can escape.

Nach Verdichtung des feuchten Betons gemäß der Fig. 3 werden die Lochstifte 6 gemäß Fig. 4 aus dem weichen Beton herausgezogen bzw. gemäß den Fig. 5 und 7 die Form 3 und über die Anschläge 11 das Bauteil 10 mit den Lochstiften 6 angehoben, so daß fertiggeformte jedoch noch weiche Betonsteine 14 gemäß den Fig. 5 und 7 vorliegen, die dann nach Entfernung aus der Maschine aushärten können.After compaction of the moist concrete according to FIG. 3, the perforated pins 6 according to FIG. 4 are pulled out of the soft concrete or, according to FIGS. 5 and 7, the form 3 and, via the stops 11, the component 10 with the perforated pins 6 are raised, so that finished but still soft concrete blocks 14 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 7 are present, which can then harden after removal from the machine.

Die Lochstifte 6 können, wie in den Patentansprüchen und der allgemeinen Beschreibung erläutert, unabhängig von den Stempeln 4 bzw. der Form 3 angehoben und abgesenkt werden. Sie können aber auch über das Bauteil 10 in Richtung auf den Formtisch 1 hin durch Federkraft oder auch durch eine mechanische, hydraulische oder pneumatische Einrichtung in Richtung auf den Formtisch 1 bewegt werden und anschließend durch Anheben der Form 3 über die Anschläge 11 angehoben werden. Das Bauteil 10 kann aber auch, wie der Fig. 6 zu entnehmen ist, über eine Stelleinrichtung 15, die beispielsweise an der Stempelplatte angreift, relativ zur Stempelplatte vor- und zurückbewegt werden.The perforated pins 6 can, as explained in the claims and the general description, be raised and lowered independently of the punches 4 or the form 3. However, they can also be moved via the component 10 in the direction of the mold table 1 by spring force or also by a mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic device in the direction of the mold table 1 and then raised by lifting the mold 3 via the stops 11. However, as can be seen in FIG. 6, the component 10 can also be moved back and forth relative to the stamp plate by means of an actuating device 15 which acts, for example, on the stamp plate.

In dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Fig. 8 und 9 ist das Lochblech 2 doppelwandig derart ausgebildet, daß Hohlräume entstehen, in denen das Bauteil 10 mit den Lochstiften 6 so untergebracht ist, daß die Lochstifte durch die Öffnungen 13 im Ziehblech bzw. in den Leisten von unten in die Form eingeführt werden können, und zwar soweit, daß sie in Löcher 17 in den Stempeln 4 hineinragen.8 and 9, the perforated plate 2 is double-walled in such a way that cavities are formed in which the component 10 with the perforated pins 6 is accommodated so that the perforated pins through the openings 13 in the drawing plate or in the strips of can be inserted into the mold below, to the extent that they protrude into holes 17 in the punches 4.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß die Lochstifte in den Löchern 17 in den Stempeln, sowohl nach dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 8 und 9 als auch dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Fig. 1 bis 7, so geführt sind, daß während der Verdichtung kein Beton austreten kann. Wenn die Lochstifte 6 konisch ausgeführt sind, ist darauf zu achten, daß die Dichtung so ausgeführt ist, daß sie über einen weiten Bereich zumindest aber dann, wenn die Stempel den Beton verdichten, dichtend ausgeführt ist.It should be noted that the perforated pins in the holes 17 in the stamps, both according to the embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9 also the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 7, are performed so that no concrete can escape during compaction. If the perforated pins 6 are conical, it must be ensured that the seal is designed so that it is designed to be sealed over a wide area, but at least when the punches compact the concrete.

Claims (22)

  1. A method for the manufacture of concrete blocks (14) with narrow through-holes for water drainage (perforated blocks), especially paving stones of different formats and sizes, with manufacture carried out using at least one mould (3) filled with concrete and mounted on a mould table (1) and with at least one plunger (4) corresponding to the mould (3) and the block surface for compression of the concrete, whereafter the concrete blocks are cured, wherein a movable component part (10) with core pins (6) is arranged in the region of the plunger (4) or the mould table (1) and is introduced with the core pins (6) at least in part into the mould (3) before compression of the concrete, with the concrete then compressed through a forward movement of the plunger (4), and at least after compression the core pins (6) project into openings (13) in strips (12) arranged on the mould table (1) so that narrow through-holes are formed in the compressed concrete blocks (14), that the core pins (6) are then removed at least in part from the region of the compressed concrete blocks (14) and thereafter the plunger (4) and - in so far as not yet carried out - the core pins (6) are moved backwards from the region of the compressed concrete blocks (14) and the concrete blocks are fully displaced from the mould.
  2. A method for the manufacture of concrete blocks according to claim 1, characterised in that the component part (10) is mounted and guided outside of the plunger (4) and that the core pins (6) are introduced into the concrete through to the mould table (1) through openings in the plunger (4).
  3. A method for the manufacture of concrete blocks according to claim 1, characterised in that the component part (10) is mounted and guided on the mould table (1) and that the core pins are introduced into the concrete through to the plunger (4) through openings in the mould table (1).
  4. A device for carrying out the method according to any one of the preceding claims, with a mould (3), for defining the side surfaces of one or more concrete blocks (14), which can be mounted on a mould table (1) and can be raised from that table and with at least one plunger (4) which can be moved backwards and forwards in the direction of the mould (3), wherein a movable component part (10) with core pins (6) is arranged in the region of the plunger (4) or the mould table (1), with the said core pins (6) arranged at least during the compression of the concrete by the plunger (4) within the compression space and at least after compression projecting through openings (13) in the strips (12) arranged on the mould table (1).
  5. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the plunger (4) is provided with openings (17), that core pins (6) are preferably arranged along the mid-line of the openings (17) and that the core pins (6) are secured to at least one component part (10), that the component part (10) is arranged on that side of the plunger (4) facing the mould (3) and can be displaced at least in part independently of the plunger (4) in the direction of movement of the plunger (4) and that the displacement path of the component part (10) is dimensioned such that the ends of the core pins (6) extend on the one hand up to the mould table (1) and on the other hand to above the surface of the concrete blocks in the back position of the plunger (4).
  6. A device according to claim 4, characterised in that the mould table (1) has openings, that core pins (6) are preferably arranged along the mid-line of the openings and are secured to at least one component part (10) movable separately from the plunger (4), that the component part (10) is arranged on or in the mould table (1) on the side lying opposite the mould (3) and can be displaced towards and away from the plunger and that the displacement path of the component part is dimensioned such that the ends of the core pins (6) on the one hand extend to the plunger (4) in its lowered position and on the other hand into openings within the outer surface of the mould table (1) facing the mould (3) or the strips (12) arranged on the mould table (1) or draw plate (2).
  7. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the core pins (6) have a conical shape at least in the region of their free ends.
  8. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the core pins (6) are pointed at their free ends.
  9. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that at least one actuating device (15), for instance a hydraulic cylinder or pneumatic cylinder or an electrically-controlled spindle, engages with the component part (10).
  10. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterised in that the actuating device further engages with the plunger (4) or a part connected to the plunger (4).
  11. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 10, characterised in that the actuating device has a simple action and is in effective connection with springs which generate counter-forces.
  12. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 11, characterised in that the component part (10) bearing the core pins (6) is rigidly secured to a push rod (5) which generates the forward and backward motion for the core pins (6) and the plunger (4) and the plunger (4) is resiliently mounted on the component part (10) or the push rod (5) via springs.
  13. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 12, characterised in that the resilience of the plunger (4) is limited at least in one direction by means of stops.
  14. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 13, characterised in that the mould (3) or the component part (10) is provided with lugs or projections (11) through which the mould (3) moves the component part (10) at least over a certain distance upon upward movement.
  15. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 14, characterised in that the mould table (1) has a draw plate (2) and that strips (12) are secured to the side of the draw plate (2) facing the plunger (4) and the said strips (12) have a semi-circular, angular or knife-shaped outer contour.
  16. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 15, characterised in that the strips (12) have openings (13) assigned and matched to the core pins (6).
  17. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 16, characterised in that the strips are hollow in construction.
  18. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 17, characterised in that the draw plate (2) has openings (13) which are in effective connection with the hollow spaces of the strips (12).
  19. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 18, characterised in that the longitudinal axes of the strips (12) are aligned parallel to the direction of movement of the draw plate (2).
  20. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 19, characterised in that the plunger (4) has openings (17) and the displacement path of the component part (10) is dimensioned such that the ends of the core pins (6) extend into the openings (17) of the plunger (4) in its lowered position.
  21. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 20, characterised in that the mould table (1) or the draw plate (2) is of double-walled construction and the component part (10) is mounted and guided within the space between the two walls.
  22. A device according to any one of claims 4 to 21, characterised in that the core pins (6) are guided with sealing in the plunger (4) or the mould table (1) or the draw plate (2) and/or strips (12).
EP92121713A 1992-01-13 1992-12-19 Process and device for making hollow bricks Expired - Lifetime EP0551634B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4200602 1992-01-13
DE4200602A DE4200602A1 (en) 1992-01-13 1992-01-13 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING HOLE STONES

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0551634A1 EP0551634A1 (en) 1993-07-21
EP0551634B1 true EP0551634B1 (en) 1997-07-02

Family

ID=6449405

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92121713A Expired - Lifetime EP0551634B1 (en) 1992-01-13 1992-12-19 Process and device for making hollow bricks

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US5397228A (en)
EP (1) EP0551634B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05337914A (en)
AT (1) ATE154906T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2087067C (en)
CZ (1) CZ290862B6 (en)
DE (2) DE4200602A1 (en)
FI (1) FI930131A (en)
HU (1) HU216415B (en)
NO (1) NO930102L (en)
PL (1) PL170666B1 (en)
SI (1) SI9300016B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO930102L (en) 1993-07-14
HU9300070D0 (en) 1993-04-28
JPH05337914A (en) 1993-12-21
EP0551634A1 (en) 1993-07-21
PL170666B1 (en) 1997-01-31
SI9300016B (en) 2001-12-31
CZ401192A3 (en) 1993-08-11
DE59208661D1 (en) 1997-08-07
HUH3815A (en) 1997-06-30
ATE154906T1 (en) 1997-07-15
NO930102D0 (en) 1993-01-12
CZ290862B6 (en) 2002-11-13
CA2087067A1 (en) 1993-07-14
DE4200602A1 (en) 1993-08-12
SI9300016A (en) 1993-09-30
PL297334A1 (en) 1993-08-23
FI930131A (en) 1993-07-14
US5397228A (en) 1995-03-14
HU216415B (en) 1999-06-28
CA2087067C (en) 2002-08-27
FI930131A0 (en) 1993-01-13

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