EP0545854A1 - Shear mandrel connector device - Google Patents

Shear mandrel connector device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0545854A1
EP0545854A1 EP92810832A EP92810832A EP0545854A1 EP 0545854 A1 EP0545854 A1 EP 0545854A1 EP 92810832 A EP92810832 A EP 92810832A EP 92810832 A EP92810832 A EP 92810832A EP 0545854 A1 EP0545854 A1 EP 0545854A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mandrel
sleeve
bearing element
limiting
bearing
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP92810832A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0545854B1 (en
Inventor
Toni H. Erb
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Individual
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/022—Stairways; Layouts thereof characterised by the supporting structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/38—Connections for building structures in general
    • E04B1/48—Dowels, i.e. members adapted to penetrate the surfaces of two parts and to take the shear stresses
    • E04B1/483—Shear dowels to be embedded in concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F11/00—Stairways, ramps, or like structures; Balustrades; Handrails
    • E04F11/02—Stairways; Layouts thereof
    • E04F11/104—Treads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
    • E04B2001/8254—Soundproof supporting of building elements, e.g. stairs, floor slabs or beams, on a structure
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/45—Flexibly connected rigid members
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
    • Y10T403/55—Member ends joined by inserted section
    • Y10T403/557—Expansible section

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shear connector assembly comprising a mandrel element to be anchored in a first component and a bearing element to be anchored in a second component, the mandrel element being floatingly supported in the bearing element by means of at least one elastic element.
  • Impact sound insulation is a very acute problem in many buildings, especially when it is a matter of soundproofing stairways and false ceilings in concrete, steel, brick or cement stone structures from the load-bearing vertical walls.
  • various types of impact sound insulation units with a mandrel and associated sleeve are known, which are usually iron or steel mandrels with a specific cross-section, which are solidly walled on one side in the end faces of the staircase or the false ceiling and on the other side in a sleeve firmly anchored in the vertical wall.
  • the sleeve is lined with a sound-absorbing elastic material (rubber, plastic, etc.).
  • An arrangement of the type mentioned is z. B. from CH-PS 596 397 known. It is a device for absorbing shear forces between a fixedly arranged first plate and a second plate lying thereon. A bolt, which is concreted in the first plate, projects into a sleeve lined with a buffer body and concreted in the second component. The fact that there is no fixed connection between the two plates means that vibrations are only damped from one plate to the other.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a shear connector connection arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset which avoids the problems existing in the prior art and is distinguished by high sound insulation.
  • the solution is that means for limiting movement amplitudes are formed on the bearing element and / or on the mandrel element in such a way that the elastic element cannot be excessively stressed and consequently damaged in the short or long term.
  • the essence of the invention is therefore that means are provided on the bearing element or on the mandrel element or on both, which prevent the entire deflection from having to be absorbed by the elastic element in the case of strong movement amplitudes (impacts, dilatation). Smaller movement amplitudes resp. Sound vibrations can still be completely absorbed by the elastic element, so that the sound-absorbing effect is fully retained.
  • the bearing element has an outer sleeve which, as an elastic element, has a lining made of elastic material. Furthermore, the bearing element has an axial cavity with an opening on its front side for receiving the mandrel element.
  • the means for limiting movement amplitudes are formed by at least one preferably annular attachment on the front of the bearing element. In the area of the approach mentioned, the elastic material that is responsible for sound insulation with normal movement amplitudes is not available.
  • a sleeve In order to support the mandrel element in the axial direction in a sliding manner, a sleeve is provided which delimits the cavity for receiving the mandrel element.
  • the elastic element is located between the inner and outer sleeve.
  • the means for limiting the movement amplitudes are formed on the front of the two sleeves.
  • a ring-like, preferably circumferential radial gap is provided between the means for limiting the movement amplitudes.
  • the width of the gap is less than the (radial) thickness of the elastic element.
  • the gap width defines the maximum possible compression of the elastic element between the inner and outer sleeve.
  • the means for limiting the amplitude of movement comprise radially outwards respectively. inward-looking approaches resp. Flanges that rest on a counterpart (e.g. also a flange) in the event of excessive load. Instead of flanges, several separate ribs, bolts, etc. can also be provided.
  • the inner and outer sleeves are cylindrical and are arranged coaxially one inside the other.
  • Such a storage element absorbs or. blocks vibrations resp. Shocks or dilations perpendicular to the longitudinal axis are equally good regardless of the directions.
  • a nail plate is advantageously provided on the front for fixing the bearing element to a formwork wall for concreting.
  • This plate can also embody part of the amplitude limiting means.
  • the mandrel element has an outer dimensionally stable mandrel sleeve, which at least is partially filled with a sound-absorbing filler.
  • a mandrel element has a higher internal damping than a monolithic mandrel z. B. made of steel. Sound waves are therefore at least partially suppressed by the mandrel element itself. In combination with the floating bearing in the bearing element, there is a particularly good impact sound insulation effect.
  • mandrel construction according to the invention is that the mandrel has a larger outer diameter than a monolithic version if it should meet the same shear stress, which leads to a larger contact surface of the mandrel element in the bearing element or. leads to a lower local stress on the elastic element.
  • a mandrel core is embedded in the filling element, which holds the mandrel connection arrangement together in an emergency, particularly in the event of a breakage of the mandrel sleeve.
  • the mandrel sleeve is preferably made of stainless steel or a similar durable and resilient material.
  • the mandrel core can be made of iron or steel. It is preferably arranged centrally in the mandrel sleeve.
  • the annular space between the mandrel sleeve and mandrel core is filled with z. B. filled in cement.
  • mandrel element according to the invention can of course also be used independently of the bearing element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows the shear connector connection arrangement according to the invention in a typical position of use.
  • a z. B. embedded in a wall bearing element 1 receives a mandrel element 2, which in turn z. B. is horizontally concreted in a ceiling.
  • the bearing element 1 has a tubular outer sleeve 3, which with an elastic element 5, for. B. a layer of neoprene, natural rubber, etc. is lined.
  • An inner sleeve 4 is embedded in the elastic element 5 coaxially with the outer sleeve 3.
  • the inner cross section of the inner sleeve 4 is matched to the outer cross section of the mandrel element 2. That is, the mandrel element 2 is in one Cavity 6 of the bearing element 1 with little play and slidably mounted in the axial direction.
  • the inner sleeve 4 is somewhat less long than the outer sleeve 3, so that it is also covered in the axial direction by the elastic element 5 at the rear end of the bearing element to be concreted.
  • the inner sleeve 4, respectively. the mandrel element supported in this is thus floatingly supported both in the radial and in the axial direction. The absence of any sound bridges results in good sound insulation.
  • a nail plate 7 is provided on the front side of the bearing element 1.
  • This is e.g. B. square and has nail holes 10 in the corners for fastening the bearing element 1 on the inside of the formwork when concreting.
  • the bearing element 1 has means for preventing movement amplitudes which could damage the elastic element 5 over time.
  • These are stop elements attached in pairs at a suitable distance from one another.
  • annular disc 8 is attached to the front of the inner sleeve 4, which is open towards the front. This has the same inner diameter as the inner sleeve 4. However, it forms a stop projecting radially outward beyond the outer diameter of the inner sleeve 4.
  • An opposite spaced stop is formed by the inner edge 7.1 of the nail plate 7.
  • this is provided with a circular opening, which is on the one hand in diameter is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the outer sleeve 3 and, on the other hand, is larger than the outside diameter of the ring disk 8 by a predetermined amount.
  • a radial, annular gap 9 is thus formed between the ring disk 8 and the edge 7.1 of the nail plate 7. Its width is less than the radial thickness of the elastic element 5. The elastic element 5 can therefore not be compressed more than the gap 9 is wide. Larger amplitudes of movement are blocked in this way.
  • Inner and outer sleeve 4 respectively. 3 exist z. B. from a suitable steel.
  • the outer sleeve 3 is in the present example as a tube, i.e. H. shown without rear cover (bottom).
  • the inner sleeve 4 has such a bottom at the rear end, i. H. it is designed like a can.
  • the outer sleeve 3 can also be provided with such a base if this is indicated due to the circumstances.
  • the sleeve 4 can be designed without a bottom.
  • the elastic element preferably fills the entire space between the inner and outer sleeve 4, respectively. 3 out. It can e.g. B. be realized by a rubber with small cavities, with the cavities, a desired elasticity. radial spring action can be adjusted.
  • the stop elements do not necessarily have to be realized on the front as an annular disk and nail plate with a gap in between. It can e.g. B. also act on stop elements which are provided at another axial location. Possible, but less preferred, are e.g. B. at regular (azimuthal) intervals between the inner and outer sleeve arranged longitudinal ribs with opposite stop surfaces.
  • the washer 8 can also be omitted if, for. B. the inside diameter of the opening of the nail plate 7 is chosen to be correspondingly smaller, so that either the axially slightly protruding inner sleeve 4 or the mandrel element 2 itself act as an amplitude-limiting stop surface.
  • Outer sleeve 3, inner sleeve 4, nail plate 7 and washer 8 are preferably made of stainless steel.
  • the mandrel element 2 is preferably not a monolithic steel element, as in the prior art, but a composite element with high internal damping.
  • a mandrel core 12 is embedded in a mandrel sleeve 11 by means of filling material 13.
  • the mandrel sleeve 11 is, for. B. a steel tube of suitable length.
  • an iron rod is arranged coaxially as a mandrel core 12.
  • the existing between mandrel sleeve 11 and mandrel core 12 is, for. B. filled with cement as filler 13.
  • the mandrel element 2 is typically cylindrical and has a length that is two to three times as large as that of the cavity 6 of the bearing element 1. In the position of use, the mandrel element 2 is typically supported in the bearing element 1 by approximately one third of its length. A small part of the cavity 6 remains free for axial displacements (dilatation displacements).
  • the mandrel sleeve 11 is dimensioned such that it is able to absorb all of the shear forces acting on the mandrel element 2. In the normal case, only this z. B. trained as a steel tube part. At the same time, it is advisable to dimension the mandrel core 12 such that if the mandrel sleeve 11 breaks, it is also able to absorb all of the shear forces acting on the shear mandrel connection. In this way, security is significantly increased compared to conventional units.
  • the pin 14 can also be omitted in a suitably chosen manufacturing process. Another pourable, hardening material can be used instead of cement. If the additional security resp. Strength, which is due to the mandrel core 12 is not desired, then it can also be omitted.
  • the mandrel sleeve 11 is then completely filled with the insulating filler 13.
  • a double shear connector can also be useful for larger loads (cf. EP-0 127 631 B1).
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is largely rotationally symmetrical. If necessary, other cross-sectional shapes (rectangular, square, hexagonal etc.) can of course also be selected.
  • the mandrel element 2 need not necessarily be slidably mounted. Accordingly, it is not excluded to omit the inner sleeve 4.
  • the invention has created a shear connector connection arrangement which is distinguished by a high sound insulation effect, in particular for impact sound, by a long service life and increased mechanical safety.

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  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Joints Allowing Movement (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Mechanical Coupling Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

A shear mandrel connecting arrangement is formed by a mounting element (1) and a mandrel element (2) which can be inserted therein. The mounting element (1) has an outer sleeve and an inner sleeve (3 and 4, respectively). An elastic element (5) is located between these two sleeves (3, 4). The inner sleeve (4), and thus the mandrel element (2) inserted therein, are mounted in a floating manner. This results in good footfall sound insulation. According to the invention, means (7, 8, 9) for delimiting amplitudes of motion are provided on the mounting element (1) and/or on the mandrel element (2), with the result that the elastic element cannot be overloaded and thus damaged in the short or long term. The abovementioned means are, for example, formed by an annular disc (8) on the front side of the inner sleeve (4), a nail plate (7), with a circular opening, on the outer sleeve (3), and a gap (9) provided therebetween. The mandrel element (2) has good inherent damping since it is formed by a mandrel sleeve (11), a mandrel core (12) and a filling material (13) provided between sleeve and core. <IMAGE>

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical field

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Schubdornverbindungsanordnung umfassend ein in einem ersten Bauteil zu verankerndes Dornelement und ein in einem zweiten Bauteil zu verankerndes Lagerungselement, wobei das Dornelement im Lagerungselement mittels mindestens eines elastischen Elements schwimmend gelagert ist.The invention relates to a shear connector assembly comprising a mandrel element to be anchored in a first component and a bearing element to be anchored in a second component, the mandrel element being floatingly supported in the bearing element by means of at least one elastic element.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Trittschalldämmung ist in vielen Hochbauten ein sehr akutes Problem, insbesondere wenn es gilt, Treppenstiegen und Zwischendecken in Beton-, Stahl-, Backstein- oder Zementsteinbauwerken gegenüber den tragenden Vertikalwänden schallmässig zu isolieren. Zur Lösung dieses Problems sind diverse Typen von Trittschalldämmeinheiten mit Dorn und zugehöriger Hülse bekannt, bei denen es sich in der Regel um Eisen- oder Stahldorne bestimmten Querschnitts handelt, die einseitig fest in den Stirnseiten der Treppenstiege oder der Zwischendecke eingemauert und auf der anderen Seite in einer fest in der Vertikalwand verankerten Hülse abgestützt werden. Die Hülse ist mit einem schalldämmenden elastischen Material (Gummi, Kunststoff etc.) ausgekleidet.Impact sound insulation is a very acute problem in many buildings, especially when it is a matter of soundproofing stairways and false ceilings in concrete, steel, brick or cement stone structures from the load-bearing vertical walls. To solve this problem, various types of impact sound insulation units with a mandrel and associated sleeve are known, which are usually iron or steel mandrels with a specific cross-section, which are solidly walled on one side in the end faces of the staircase or the false ceiling and on the other side in a sleeve firmly anchored in the vertical wall. The sleeve is lined with a sound-absorbing elastic material (rubber, plastic, etc.).

Eine Anordnung der eingangs genannten Art ist z. B. aus der CH-PS 596 397 bekannt. Es handelt sich dabei um eine Vorrichtung zur Aufnahme von Schubkräften zwischen einer fest angeordneten ersten und einer daraufliegenden zweiten platte. Ein Bolzen, der in der ersten platte einbetoniert ist, ragt in eine mit einem Pufferkörper ausgekleidete, im zweiten Bauteil einbetonierte Hülse. Dadurch, dass zwischen den beiden platten keine feste Verbindung existiert, werden Schwingungen nur gedämpft von der einen platte auf die andere übertragen.An arrangement of the type mentioned is z. B. from CH-PS 596 397 known. It is a device for absorbing shear forces between a fixedly arranged first plate and a second plate lying thereon. A bolt, which is concreted in the first plate, projects into a sleeve lined with a buffer body and concreted in the second component. The fact that there is no fixed connection between the two plates means that vibrations are only damped from one plate to the other.

Das Problem bei den bekannten Schubdornverbindungen mit Dämpfungselement besteht darin, dass bei starken Schlägen oder Dilatationen das elastische Material in der Hülse lokal sehr hohe Drücke aufnehmen muss. Dies hat zur Folge, dass die an sich gute Dämmwirkung dieser Materialien im Verlaufe der Zeit schlechter wird oder gar ganz verloren geht.The problem with the known shear dowel connections with a damping element is that the elastic material in the sleeve has to absorb very high pressures locally in the event of strong impacts or dilatations. As a result, the good insulation properties of these materials deteriorate over time or are even completely lost.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Schubdornverbindungsanordnung der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, die die beim Stand der Technik vorhandenen Probleme vermeidet und sich durch eine hohe Schalldämmung auszeichnet.The object of the invention is to provide a shear connector connection arrangement of the type mentioned at the outset which avoids the problems existing in the prior art and is distinguished by high sound insulation.

Gemäss der Erfindung besteht die Lösung darin, dass am Lagerungselement und/oder am Dornelement Mittel zur Begrenzung von Bewegungsamplituden ausgebildet sind, derart, dass das elastische Element nicht übermässig belastet und infolgedessen kurz- oder langfristig beschädigt werden kann.According to the invention, the solution is that means for limiting movement amplitudes are formed on the bearing element and / or on the mandrel element in such a way that the elastic element cannot be excessively stressed and consequently damaged in the short or long term.

Der Kern der Erfindung besteht somit darin, dass am Lagerungs- oder am Dornelement oder an beiden Mittel vorgesehen sind, die verhindern, dass bei starken Bewegungsamplituden (Stössen, Dilatation) die ganze Auslenkung vom elastischen Element aufgenommen werden muss. Kleinere Bewegungsamplituden resp. Schallschwingungen können nach wie vor vollständig vom elastischen Element absorbiert werden, so dass die schalldämmende Wirkung vollständig erhalten bleibt.The essence of the invention is therefore that means are provided on the bearing element or on the mandrel element or on both, which prevent the entire deflection from having to be absorbed by the elastic element in the case of strong movement amplitudes (impacts, dilatation). Smaller movement amplitudes resp. Sound vibrations can still be completely absorbed by the elastic element, so that the sound-absorbing effect is fully retained.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform hat das Lagerungselement eine Aussenhülse, welche als elastisches Element eine Auskleidung aus elastischem Material aufweist. Ferner hat das Lagerungselement einen axialen Hohlraum mit einer Oeffnung an seiner Frontseite zur Aufnahme des Dornelements. Die Mittel zur Begrenzung von Bewegungsamplituden werden durch mindestens einen vorzugsweise ringförmigen Ansatz an der Frontseite des Lagerungselements gebildet. Im Bereich des genannten Ansatzes ist das elastische Material, das für die Schalldämmung bei normalen Bewegungsamplituden zuständig ist, nicht vorhanden.According to a preferred embodiment, the bearing element has an outer sleeve which, as an elastic element, has a lining made of elastic material. Furthermore, the bearing element has an axial cavity with an opening on its front side for receiving the mandrel element. The means for limiting movement amplitudes are formed by at least one preferably annular attachment on the front of the bearing element. In the area of the approach mentioned, the elastic material that is responsible for sound insulation with normal movement amplitudes is not available.

Um das Dornelement in axialer Richtung gleitend im Lagerungselement abzustützen, ist eine Hülse vorgesehen, welche den Hohlraum zur Aufnahme des Dornelements begrenzt. Zwischen innerer und äusserer Hülse befindet sich das elastische Element. An der Frontseite der beiden Hülsen sind die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Bewegungsamplituden ausgebildet.In order to support the mandrel element in the axial direction in a sliding manner, a sleeve is provided which delimits the cavity for receiving the mandrel element. The elastic element is located between the inner and outer sleeve. The means for limiting the movement amplitudes are formed on the front of the two sleeves.

Zwischen den Mitteln zur Begrenzung der Bewegungsamplituden ist ein ringähnlicher, vorzugsweise umlaufender radialer Spalt vorgesehen. Die Breite des Spalts ist geringer als die (radiale) Dicke des elastischen Elements. Die Spaltbreite definiert die maximal mögliche Kompression des elastischen Elements zwischen innerer und äusserer Hülse. Vorzugsweise umfassen die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Bewegungsamplitude radial nach aussen resp. nach innen ragende Ansätze resp. Flansche, die bei übermässiger Belastung auf einem Gegenstück (z. B. ebenfalls einem Flansch) aufliegen. Statt Flansche können auch mehrere, getrennte Rippen, Bolzen etc. vorgesehen sein.A ring-like, preferably circumferential radial gap is provided between the means for limiting the movement amplitudes. The width of the gap is less than the (radial) thickness of the elastic element. The gap width defines the maximum possible compression of the elastic element between the inner and outer sleeve. Preferably, the means for limiting the amplitude of movement comprise radially outwards respectively. inward-looking approaches resp. Flanges that rest on a counterpart (e.g. also a flange) in the event of excessive load. Instead of flanges, several separate ribs, bolts, etc. can also be provided.

Gemäss einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind Innen- und Aussenhülse zylindrisch ausgebildet und koaxial ineinander angeordnet. Ein solches Lagerungselement absorbiert resp. blockiert Schwingungen resp. Stösse oder Dilatationen senkrecht zur Längsachse unabhängig von den Richtungen gleich gut.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the inner and outer sleeves are cylindrical and are arranged coaxially one inside the other. Such a storage element absorbs or. blocks vibrations resp. Shocks or dilations perpendicular to the longitudinal axis are equally good regardless of the directions.

Zur Fixierung des Lagerungselements an einer Schalungswand zwecks Einbetonierung ist an der Frontseite mit Vorteil eine Nagelplatte vorgesehen. Diese platte kann zugleich einen Teil der Amplitudenbegrenzungsmittel verkörpern.A nail plate is advantageously provided on the front for fixing the bearing element to a formwork wall for concreting. This plate can also embody part of the amplitude limiting means.

Gemäss einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform weist das Dornelement eine äussere formstabile Dornhülse auf, die zumindest teilweise mit einem schalldämmenden Füllmaterial gefüllt ist. Ein solches Dornelement hat eine höhere Eigendämpfung als ein monolithischer Dorn z. B. aus Stahl. Schallwellen werden daher zumindest teilweise schon durch das Dornelement selbst unterdrückt. In Kombination mit der schwimmenden Lagerung im Lagerungselement ergibt sich eine besondern gute Trittschalldämmwirkung.According to a particularly preferred embodiment, the mandrel element has an outer dimensionally stable mandrel sleeve, which at least is partially filled with a sound-absorbing filler. Such a mandrel element has a higher internal damping than a monolithic mandrel z. B. made of steel. Sound waves are therefore at least partially suppressed by the mandrel element itself. In combination with the floating bearing in the bearing element, there is a particularly good impact sound insulation effect.

Ein weiterer Effekt der erfindungsgemässen Dornkonstruktion besteht darin, dass der Dorn einen grösseren äusseren Durchmesser als eine monolithische Ausführung hat, wenn er der gleichen Scherbeanspruchung genügen soll, was zu einer grösseren Auflagefläche des Dornelements im Lagerungselement resp. zu einer geringeren lokalen Beanspruchung des elastischen Elements führt.Another effect of the mandrel construction according to the invention is that the mandrel has a larger outer diameter than a monolithic version if it should meet the same shear stress, which leads to a larger contact surface of the mandrel element in the bearing element or. leads to a lower local stress on the elastic element.

Mit Vorteil ist im Füllelement ein Dornkern eingebettet, welcher insbesondere im Fall eines Bruches der Dornhülse die Dornverbindungsanordnung noch notfallmässig zusammenhält.Advantageously, a mandrel core is embedded in the filling element, which holds the mandrel connection arrangement together in an emergency, particularly in the event of a breakage of the mandrel sleeve.

Die Dornhülse besteht vorzugsweise aus rostfreiem Stahl oder einem ähnlichen dauerhaften und belastbaren Material. Der Dornkern kann aus Eisen oder Stahl bestehen. Er ist vorzugsweise zentral in der Dornhülse angeordnet. Der Ringraum zwischen Dornhülse und Dornkern ist mit dem Füllmaterial z. B. Zement ausgefüllt.The mandrel sleeve is preferably made of stainless steel or a similar durable and resilient material. The mandrel core can be made of iron or steel. It is preferably arranged centrally in the mandrel sleeve. The annular space between the mandrel sleeve and mandrel core is filled with z. B. filled in cement.

Das erfindungsgemässe Dornelement kann natürlich auch unabhängig vom erfindungsgemässen Lagerungselement eingesetzt werden.The mandrel element according to the invention can of course also be used independently of the bearing element according to the invention.

Aus der Detailbeschreibung und der Gesamtheit der Ansprüche ergeben sich weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen und Merkmalskombinationen der Erfindung.Further advantageous embodiments and combinations of features of the invention result from the detailed description and the entirety of the claims.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Nachfolgend soll die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und im Zusammenhang mit den Zeichnungen näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
Eine erfindungsgemässe Dornverbindungsanordnung im Achsenlängsschnitt;
Fig. 2
ein Lagerungselement von der Frontseite her betrachtet.
The invention is to be explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and in connection with the drawings. Show it:
Fig. 1
An inventive mandrel connection arrangement in the axial longitudinal section;
Fig. 2
a storage element viewed from the front.

In den Figuren sind grundsätzlich entsprechende Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the figures, corresponding parts are fundamentally provided with the same reference symbols.

Wege zur Ausführung der ErfindungWays of Carrying Out the Invention

Fig. 1 zeigt die erfindungsgemässe Schubdornverbindungsanordnung in einer typischen Gebrauchslage. Ein z. B. in einer Wand einbetoniertes Lagerungselement 1 nimmt ein Dornelement 2 auf, welches seinerseits z. B. in einer Decke horizontal einbetoniert ist.1 shows the shear connector connection arrangement according to the invention in a typical position of use. A z. B. embedded in a wall bearing element 1 receives a mandrel element 2, which in turn z. B. is horizontally concreted in a ceiling.

Das Lagerungselement 1 weist eine rohrförmige äussere Hülse 3 auf, die mit einem elastischen Element 5, z. B. einer Schicht aus Neopren, Naturgummi etc. ausgekleidet ist. Koaxial zur äusseren Hülse 3 ist eine innere Hülse 4 im elastischen Element 5 eingebettet. Die innere Hülse 4 ist mit ihrem Innenquerschnitt an den Aussenquerschnitt des Dornelements 2 angepasst. D. h. das Dornelement 2 ist in einem Hohlraum 6 des Lagerungselements 1 spielarm und in axialer Richtung verschiebbar gelagert.The bearing element 1 has a tubular outer sleeve 3, which with an elastic element 5, for. B. a layer of neoprene, natural rubber, etc. is lined. An inner sleeve 4 is embedded in the elastic element 5 coaxially with the outer sleeve 3. The inner cross section of the inner sleeve 4 is matched to the outer cross section of the mandrel element 2. That is, the mandrel element 2 is in one Cavity 6 of the bearing element 1 with little play and slidably mounted in the axial direction.

Die innere Hülse 4 ist etwas weniger lang als die äussere Hülse 3, so dass sie am hinteren, einzubetonierenden Ende des Lagerungselements durch das elastische Element 5 auch in axialer Richtung abgedeckt ist. Die innere Hülse 4 resp. das in dieser gelagerte Dornelement ist damit sowohl in radialer als auch in axialer Richtung schwimmend gelagert. Durch die Abwesenheit jeglicher Schallbrücken ergibt sich eine gute Schalldämmung.The inner sleeve 4 is somewhat less long than the outer sleeve 3, so that it is also covered in the axial direction by the elastic element 5 at the rear end of the bearing element to be concreted. The inner sleeve 4, respectively. the mandrel element supported in this is thus floatingly supported both in the radial and in the axial direction. The absence of any sound bridges results in good sound insulation.

An der Frontseite des Lagerungselements 1 ist eine Nagelplatte 7 vorgesehen. Diese ist z. B. quadratisch und hat Nagellöcher 10 in den Ecken zur Befestigung des Lagerungselements 1 an der Innenseite der Verschalung beim Einbetonieren.A nail plate 7 is provided on the front side of the bearing element 1. This is e.g. B. square and has nail holes 10 in the corners for fastening the bearing element 1 on the inside of the formwork when concreting.

Gemäss der Erfindung weist das Lagerungselement 1 Mittel zum Verhindern von Bewegungsamplituden auf, die das elastische Element 5 mit der Zeit beschädigen könnten. Es handelt sich dabei um paarweise in geeignetem Abstand zueinander angebrachte Anschlagelemente.According to the invention, the bearing element 1 has means for preventing movement amplitudes which could damage the elastic element 5 over time. These are stop elements attached in pairs at a suitable distance from one another.

Im vorliegenden Beispiel ist an der nach vorn offenen Frontseite der inneren Hülse 4 eine Ringscheibe 8 befestigt. Diese hat denselben Innendurchmesser wie die innere Hülse 4. Sie bildet jedoch einen über den Aussendurchmesser der inneren Hülse 4 radial nach aussen ragenden Anschlag.In the present example, an annular disc 8 is attached to the front of the inner sleeve 4, which is open towards the front. This has the same inner diameter as the inner sleeve 4. However, it forms a stop projecting radially outward beyond the outer diameter of the inner sleeve 4.

Ein gegenüberliegender beabstandeter Anschlag wird durch den inneren Rand 7.1 der Nagelplatte 7 gebildet. Diese ist nämlich gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit einer kreisförmigen Oeffnung versehen, welche im Durchmesser einerseits etwas kleiner als der Innendurchmesser der äusseren Hülse 3 und andererseits in vorgegebenem Mass grösser als der Aussendurchmesser der Ringscheibe 8 ist. Zwischen der Ringscheibe 8 und dem Rand 7.1 der Nagelplatte 7 wird damit ein radialer, ringförmiger Spalt 9 gebildet. Seine Breite ist geringer als die radiale Dicke des elastischen Elements 5. Das elastische Element 5 kann daher nicht stärker zusammengedrückt werden, als der Spalt 9 breit ist. Grössere Bewegungsamplituden werden auf diese Weise blockiert.An opposite spaced stop is formed by the inner edge 7.1 of the nail plate 7. According to a preferred embodiment, this is provided with a circular opening, which is on the one hand in diameter is slightly smaller than the inside diameter of the outer sleeve 3 and, on the other hand, is larger than the outside diameter of the ring disk 8 by a predetermined amount. A radial, annular gap 9 is thus formed between the ring disk 8 and the edge 7.1 of the nail plate 7. Its width is less than the radial thickness of the elastic element 5. The elastic element 5 can therefore not be compressed more than the gap 9 is wide. Larger amplitudes of movement are blocked in this way.

Innere und äussere Hülse 4 resp. 3 bestehen z. B. aus einem geeigneten Stahl. Die äussere Hülse 3 ist im vorliegenden Beispiel als Rohr, d. h. ohne hintere Abdeckung (Boden) gezeigt. Im Gegensatz dazu weist die innere Hülse 4 am hinteren Ende einen solchen Boden auf, d. h. sie ist büchsenartig ausgebildet. Selbstverständlich kann auch die äussere Hülse 3 mit einem solchen Boden versehen werden, wenn dies aufgrund der Umstände angezeigt ist. Umgekehrt kann die Hülse 4 ohne Boden ausgebildet sein.Inner and outer sleeve 4 respectively. 3 exist z. B. from a suitable steel. The outer sleeve 3 is in the present example as a tube, i.e. H. shown without rear cover (bottom). In contrast, the inner sleeve 4 has such a bottom at the rear end, i. H. it is designed like a can. Of course, the outer sleeve 3 can also be provided with such a base if this is indicated due to the circumstances. Conversely, the sleeve 4 can be designed without a bottom.

Das elastische Element füllt vorzugsweise den gesamten Raum zwischen innerer und äusserer Hülse 4 resp. 3 aus. Es kann z. B. durch einen Gummi mit kleinen Hohlräumen verwirklicht sein, wobei mit den Hohlräumen eine gewünschte Elastizität resp. radiale Federwirkung eingestellt werden kann.The elastic element preferably fills the entire space between the inner and outer sleeve 4, respectively. 3 out. It can e.g. B. be realized by a rubber with small cavities, with the cavities, a desired elasticity. radial spring action can be adjusted.

Die Anschlagelemente brauchen nicht unbedingt an der Frontseite als Ringscheibe und Nagelplatte mit dazwischenliegendem Spalt verwirklicht zu sein. Es kann sich z. B. auch um Anschlagelemente handeln, die an anderer axialer Stelle vorgesehen sind. Möglich, aber weniger bevorzugt, sind z. B. in regelmässigen (azimutalen) Abständen zwischen innerer und äusserer Hülse angeordnete Längsrippen mit gegenüberliegenden Anschlagflächen.The stop elements do not necessarily have to be realized on the front as an annular disk and nail plate with a gap in between. It can e.g. B. also act on stop elements which are provided at another axial location. Possible, but less preferred, are e.g. B. at regular (azimuthal) intervals between the inner and outer sleeve arranged longitudinal ribs with opposite stop surfaces.

Die Ringscheibe 8 kann auch entfallen, wenn z. B. der Innendurchmesser der Oeffnung der Nagelplatte 7 entsprechend kleiner gewählt ist, so dass entweder die axial leicht vorstehende innere Hülse 4 oder das Dornelement 2 selbst als amplitudenbegrenzende Anschlagfläche wirken.The washer 8 can also be omitted if, for. B. the inside diameter of the opening of the nail plate 7 is chosen to be correspondingly smaller, so that either the axially slightly protruding inner sleeve 4 or the mandrel element 2 itself act as an amplitude-limiting stop surface.

Aeussere Hülse 3, innere Hülse 4, Nagelplatte 7 und Ringscheibe 8 bestehen vorzugsweise aus rostfreiem Stahl.Outer sleeve 3, inner sleeve 4, nail plate 7 and washer 8 are preferably made of stainless steel.

Das Dornelement 2 ist vorzugsweise nicht wie beim Stand der Technik ein monolithisches Stahlelement, sondern ein zusammengesetztes Element mit hoher Eigendämpfung.The mandrel element 2 is preferably not a monolithic steel element, as in the prior art, but a composite element with high internal damping.

In einer Dornhülse 11 ist ein Dornkern 12 mittels Füllmaterial 13 eingebettet. Die Dornhülse 11 ist z. B. ein Stahlrohr geeigneter Länge. In diesem ist koaxial ein Eisenstab als Dornkern 12 angeordnet. Der zwischen Dornhülse 11 und Dornkern 12 bestehende Raum ist z. B. mit Zement als Füllmaterial 13 ausgefüllt. Am einzubetonierenden Ende des Dornelements 2 ist in der Dornhülse 11 ein den Dornkern 12 zentrierender Zapfen 14 z. B. aus Kunststoff vorgesehen. Dieser Zapfen 14 hält u. a. den Dornkern 12 zentral in der Dornhülse 11, wenn beim Herstellen des erfindungsgemässen Dornelements Zement als Füllmaterial eingefüllt wird.A mandrel core 12 is embedded in a mandrel sleeve 11 by means of filling material 13. The mandrel sleeve 11 is, for. B. a steel tube of suitable length. In this, an iron rod is arranged coaxially as a mandrel core 12. The existing between mandrel sleeve 11 and mandrel core 12 is, for. B. filled with cement as filler 13. At the end of the mandrel element 2 to be concreted in, a pin 14 centering the mandrel core 12, for. B. provided from plastic. This pin 14 holds u. a. the mandrel core 12 centrally in the mandrel sleeve 11 when cement is filled in as filler material when producing the mandrel element according to the invention.

Das Dornelement 2 ist typischerweise zylindrisch und hat eine Länge, die zwei bis dreimal so gross ist wie diejenige des Hohlraums 6 des Lagerungselements 1. In der Gebrauchslage ist das Dornelement 2 typischerweise etwa zu einem Drittel seiner Länge im Lagerungselement 1 abgestützt. Ein kleiner Teil des Hohlraums 6 bleibt frei für axiale Verschiebungen (Dilatationsverschiebungen).The mandrel element 2 is typically cylindrical and has a length that is two to three times as large as that of the cavity 6 of the bearing element 1. In the position of use, the mandrel element 2 is typically supported in the bearing element 1 by approximately one third of its length. A small part of the cavity 6 remains free for axial displacements (dilatation displacements).

Es ist vorteilhaft, wenn die Dornhülse 11 so dimensioniert ist, dass sie alle auf das Dornelement 2 einwirkenden Scherkräfte aufzunehmen in der Lage ist. Im Normalfall wird dann nur dieser z. B. als Stahlrohr ausgebildete Teil belastet. Gleichzeitig ist es empfehlenswert, den Dornkern 12 so zu dimensionieren, dass er bei einem ev. Bruch der Dornhülse 11 ebenfalls in der Lage ist, die gesamten auf die Schubdornverbindung einwirkenden Scherkräfte aufzunehmen. Auf diese Weise ergibt sich eine gegenüber herkömmlichen Einheiten wesentlich erhöhte Sicherheit.It is advantageous if the mandrel sleeve 11 is dimensioned such that it is able to absorb all of the shear forces acting on the mandrel element 2. In the normal case, only this z. B. trained as a steel tube part. At the same time, it is advisable to dimension the mandrel core 12 such that if the mandrel sleeve 11 breaks, it is also able to absorb all of the shear forces acting on the shear mandrel connection. In this way, security is significantly increased compared to conventional units.

Der Zapfen 14 kann bei geeignet gewählten Herstellungsverfahren auch weggelassen werden. Statt Zement kann auch ein anderes giessbares, erhärtendes Material verwendet werden. Falls die zusätzliche Sicherheit resp. Festigkeit, die durch den Dornkern 12 bedingt ist, nicht erwünscht ist, dann kann er auch weggelassen werden. Die Dornhülse 11 ist dann vollständig mit dem dämmenden Füllmaterial 13 ausgefüllt.The pin 14 can also be omitted in a suitably chosen manufacturing process. Another pourable, hardening material can be used instead of cement. If the additional security resp. Strength, which is due to the mandrel core 12 is not desired, then it can also be omitted. The mandrel sleeve 11 is then completely filled with the insulating filler 13.

Wie bereits erwähnt führt ein grösserer Durchmesser des Dornelements 2 zu einer breiteren Abstützung der Schubbelastung im Lagerungselement 1. Das elastische Material wird dann weniger punktuell belastet. Für grössere Belastungen kann auch eine Doppelschubdornverbindung sinnvoll sein (vgl. EP-0 127 631 B1).As already mentioned, a larger diameter of the mandrel element 2 leads to a broader support of the thrust load in the bearing element 1. The elastic material is then loaded less at points. A double shear connector can also be useful for larger loads (cf. EP-0 127 631 B1).

Die anhand der Fig. 1 und 2 beschriebene Ausführungsform ist weitgehend rotationssymmetrisch. Bei Bedarf können natürlich auch andere Querschnittsformen (rechteckig, quadratisch, sechseckig etc.) gewählt werden.The embodiment described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 is largely rotationally symmetrical. If necessary, other cross-sectional shapes (rectangular, square, hexagonal etc.) can of course also be selected.

Das Dornelement 2 braucht nicht unbedingt verschiebbar gelagert zu sein. Entsprechend ist es nicht ausgeschlossen, die innere Hülse 4 wegzulassen.The mandrel element 2 need not necessarily be slidably mounted. Accordingly, it is not excluded to omit the inner sleeve 4.

Zusammenfassend kann festgehalten werden, dass durch die Erfindung eine Schubdornverbindungsanordnung geschaffen worden ist, die sich durch eine hohe Schalldämmwirkung insbesondere für Trittschall, durch eine lange Lebensdauer und erhöhte mechanische Sicherheit auszeichnet.In summary, it can be stated that the invention has created a shear connector connection arrangement which is distinguished by a high sound insulation effect, in particular for impact sound, by a long service life and increased mechanical safety.

Claims (10)

Schubdornverbindungsanordnung umfassend ein in einem ersten Bauteil zu verankerndes Dornelement und ein in einem zweiten Bauteil zu verankerndes Lagerungselement, wobei das Dornelement im Lagerungselement mittels mindestens eines elastischen Elements schwimmend gelagert ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass am Lagerungselement (1) und/oder am Dornelement (2) Mittel zur Begrenzung der Bewegungsamplituden ausgebildet sind, derart, dass das mindestens eine elastische Element (5) nicht übermässig belastet und infolgedessen kurz- oder langfristig beschädigt werden kann.Shear connector assembly comprising a mandrel element to be anchored in a first component and a bearing element to be anchored in a second component, the mandrel element being floatingly supported in the bearing element by means of at least one elastic element, characterized in that on the bearing element (1) and / or on the mandrel element (2 ) Means for limiting the movement amplitudes are designed in such a way that the at least one elastic element (5) is not excessively stressed and as a result can be damaged in the short or long term. Lagerungselement für eine Schubdornverbindungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, umfassend eine äussere Hülse (3), in welcher ein elastisches Element (5) und innerhalb desselben ein Hohlraum (6) zur Aufnahme des Dornelements (2) durch eine Oeffnung an der Frontseite des Lagerungselements (1) vorgesehen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel (7, 8, 9) zur Begrenzung von Bewegungsamplituden mindestens einen die Oeffnung ringförmig umgebenden Ansatz (7.1) umfassen.Bearing element for a shear connector assembly according to claim 1, comprising an outer sleeve (3) in which an elastic element (5) and within it a cavity (6) for receiving the mandrel element (2) through an opening on the front side of the bearing element (1) are provided, characterized in that the means (7, 8, 9) for limiting movement amplitudes comprise at least one attachment (7.1) which surrounds the opening in a ring. Lagerungselement nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Hohlraum (6) zur Aufnahme des Dornelements (2) durch eine innere Hülse (4) begrenzt ist und dass die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Bewegungsamplituden an der Frontseite des Lagerungselements (1) an der inneren und/oder äusseren Hülse (4 resp. 3) ausgebildet sind.Bearing element according to claim 2, characterized in that the cavity (6) for receiving the mandrel element (2) is delimited by an inner sleeve (4) and that the means for limiting the movement amplitudes on the front of the bearing element (1) on the inner and / or outer sleeve (4 or 3) are formed. Lagerungselement nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Bewegungsamplituden durch einander zugeordnete Ansätze und/oder Anschläge (7.1, 8) gebildet sind, die durch einen ringähnlichen, umlaufenden, radialen Spalt (9) beabstandet sind.Bearing element according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the means for limiting the movement amplitudes are formed by mutually assigned approaches and / or stops (7.1, 8) which are spaced apart by a ring-like, circumferential, radial gap (9). Lagerungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Begrenzung der Bewegungsamplituden radial nach aussen resp. nach innen ragende, flanschartige Ansätze (7.1, 8) an der inneren und der äusseren Hülse (4 resp. 3) umfassen, die bei übermässiger Belastung des elastischen Elements (5) auf dem jeweils zugeordneten Gegenstück aufliegen.Bearing element according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the means for limiting the amplitudes of movement radially outwards respectively. comprise inwardly projecting, flange-like projections (7.1, 8) on the inner and outer sleeves (4 and 3, respectively) which rest on the respectively assigned counterpart when the elastic element (5) is loaded excessively. Lagerungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die innere und die äussere Hülse (4 resp. 3) zylindrisch ausgebildet und koaxial angeordnet sind.Bearing element according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the inner and outer sleeves (4 and 3 respectively) are cylindrical and are arranged coaxially. Lagerungselement nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an der Frontseite eine Nagelplatte (9) ausgebildet ist.Bearing element according to one of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that a nail plate (9) is formed on the front side. Dornelement insbesondere für eine Schubdornverbindungsanordnung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es eine äussere formstabile Dornhülse (11) aufweist, die zumindest teilweise mit einem schalldämmenden Füllmaterial (13) gefüllt ist.Mandrel element in particular for a shear connector connection arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that it has an outer dimensionally stable mandrel sleeve (11) which is at least partially filled with a sound-absorbing filler material (13). Dornelement nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Füllmaterial (13) ein Dornkern (12) eingebettet ist.Mandrel element according to claim 8, characterized in that a mandrel core (12) is embedded in the filling material (13). Dornelement nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dornhülse (11) aus rostfreiem Stahl und der Dornkern (12) aus Eisen besteht und dass das Füllmaterial (13) Zement ist.Mandrel element according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the mandrel sleeve (11) made of stainless steel and the mandrel core (12) consists of iron and that the filling material (13) is cement.
EP92810832A 1991-11-29 1992-10-28 Shear mandrel connector device Expired - Lifetime EP0545854B1 (en)

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CH3503/91 1991-11-29
CH350391 1991-11-29

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EP (1) EP0545854B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH05215129A (en)
AT (1) ATE133224T1 (en)
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CA (1) CA2083298A1 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO180728C (en) 1997-06-04
NO180728B (en) 1997-02-24
DK0545854T3 (en) 1996-02-12
NO924596L (en) 1993-06-01
EP0545854B1 (en) 1996-01-17
AU663896B2 (en) 1995-10-26
DE59205104D1 (en) 1996-02-29
JPH05215129A (en) 1993-08-24
HK1005602A1 (en) 1999-01-15
CA2083298A1 (en) 1993-05-30
ES2084327T3 (en) 1996-05-01
NO924596D0 (en) 1992-11-27
US5344251A (en) 1994-09-06
ATE133224T1 (en) 1996-02-15
AU2844392A (en) 1993-06-03

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