EP0543806B1 - Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill - Google Patents

Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0543806B1
EP0543806B1 EP90911460A EP90911460A EP0543806B1 EP 0543806 B1 EP0543806 B1 EP 0543806B1 EP 90911460 A EP90911460 A EP 90911460A EP 90911460 A EP90911460 A EP 90911460A EP 0543806 B1 EP0543806 B1 EP 0543806B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
chamber
piston hammer
drill
hammer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90911460A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0543806A1 (en
Inventor
Per Gustafsson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
G-DRILL AB
Original Assignee
G-DRILL AB
G Drill AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by G-DRILL AB, G Drill AB filed Critical G-DRILL AB
Publication of EP0543806A1 publication Critical patent/EP0543806A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0543806B1 publication Critical patent/EP0543806B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D9/00—Portable percussive tools with fluid-pressure drive, i.e. driven directly by fluids, e.g. having several percussive tool bits operated simultaneously
    • B25D9/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D9/12—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a built-in liquid motor, i.e. the tool being driven by hydraulic pressure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a hydraulic down-the -hole rock drill comprising a housing arranged to be mounted to the front end of a drill tube, a drill bit slidably received and retained by the front end of the housing and having a channel extending longitudinally therethrough, a head at the rear end of the housing, a port in said head arranged to be supplied with pressurized hydraulic fluid from said drill tube, a piston hammer arranged to repetitively impact on said drill bit and having a a longitudinal channel therethrough, a control valve in said head, a flushing fluid channel extending from said valve to the front end of said drill bit and including said channels in the piston hammmer and in the drill bit, said piston hammer having a first piston surface in a first pressure chamber to drive the piston hammer forwardly when said first pressure chamber is pressurized, a second piston surface in a second pressure chamber arranged to drive the piston hammer rearwardly when said first chamber is depressurized, said valve being arranged to alternately connect said first pressure chamber to said
  • the drill shown in the figures has a tubular housing 11.
  • a sleeve-like insert 12 is fixed to the front end of the housing 11 by means of threads. It forms a holder for a drill bit 13. Since the drill bit and the way it is retained in its holder are conventional, only the rear end of the drill bit, the shank, is shown.
  • the drill bit 13 is axially slidable in its holder a limited distance and it is shown in its rear end position in which it is during drilling.
  • the drill bit 13 is locked against rotation to the housing 11 in a conventional way.
  • a central flushing fluid passage 15 leads from the annular rear end surface 19, the impact surface, of the drill bit shank to the front end of the drill bit
  • a sleeve-like insert 14 is axially clamped between a shoulder 16 in the housing 11 and a spacer sleeve 17 by means of a non-illustrated sub that is threaded to the housing and has threads by means of which it can be fixed to the lower end of a drill pipe.
  • the insert 14 forms a head in the upper end of the housing 11 and it forms a housing for a tubular valving element 18.
  • a piston hammer 20 has a front end 21 sealingly guided in a cylindrical guiding portion 22 of the front insert 12 and a rear end 24-26 sealingly guided in a cylindrical guiding portion 27 of the rear insert 14.
  • the rear guided portion 24- 26 of the piston hammer 11 has a control groove 26 so that it comprises two lands 24,25.
  • a chamber 28 extends axially between the two piston guiding portions 22,27.Thus the major part of the length of the piston hammer 20 runs freely without contact with the housing.
  • the piston can be 500 mm long and the distance between the two guiding portions 22,27 can be 400 mm.
  • the major length of the piston hammer 20 can have a greater diameter than its guided portions 21 and 23,24 respectively,this enlarged major portion has been given the reference numeral 29.
  • the diameter of the rear guiding portion 27 is greater than the diameter of the front guiding portion 22 which provides for a differential piston area of the piston hammer in the chamber 28 so that the pressure in the chamber 28,which is permanently prevailing as will be described later,will cause a continuous upward directed force on the piston hammer.
  • the piston has a central longitudinal channel 30 that is coaxial with the channel 15 in the drill bit 13.
  • the rear insert 14 has a central tube 31 that protrudes into the channel 30 in the piston with a sliding fit and the valving element 18 is located at the rear of the tube 31 and it is coaxial with the tube.
  • the back end of the insert 14 has a cap 32 so that the flushing fluid channel 15 in the drill bit extends straight all the way back to the cap 32 through the interior of the sleeve-like valving element 18.
  • the annular rear end surface 33 of the piston hammer 20 is in a cylinder chamber 34.
  • the piston area of this piston surface 33 is greater than the differential piston area of the piston hammer located in the chamber 28; it is several times greater for example four times greater.
  • the tube 31 has a number of holes 35 that are normally blocked.
  • the valving element 18 and its housing form three chambers 36,37,38.
  • the valving element 18 has a sliding surface 40 above the chamber 37 and a sliding surface 41 below the chamber 37.
  • the diameter of the sliding surface 40 is greater than the diameter of the sliding surface 41 so that a differential piston area is provided that gives an upward directed differential force on the valving element 18 when the chamber 37 is pressurized.
  • This differential piston area is however smaller than the annular piston surface 43 that is in the chamber 36 and gives a downward force when the chamber 36 is pressurized.
  • a supply passage 50 that has a port 51 to the sub,that is to the interior of the drill tube, a port 52 to the chamber 37, and a port 53 to the chamber 28.
  • a passage 55 extends between two ports 56,57,that is,the passage 55 is always open to the flushing fluid channel 15,30,31.
  • a passage 58 connects the two chambers 34 and 38.
  • a control passage 61 for shifting the position of the valving element has a port 62 into the chamber 36 and control ports 63,64.
  • the valving element has two positions;a rear position shown in Fig 1 in which it opens the chamber 38 to the tube 31 and a forward position shown in Fig 2 in which it opens the chamber 37 to the chamber 38.
  • the valving element has a valving edge 68 that cooperates with an edge 69 in the valve housing.
  • a number of teeth 70 extend beyond the valving edge 68 so as to define the forward position of the valving element shown in Fig 2 in which the edges 68 and 69 overlap.
  • the non-illustrated drill pipe transmits rotation and a feed force to the drill housing 11.
  • the feed force is transmitted from the drill housing 11 to the drillbit which co-rotates with the housing 11.
  • Drive fluid that is, water under pressure, is supplied through the drill pipe and the supply passage 50 is continuously pressurized through its port 51.
  • the chambers 37 and 28 are continuously pressurized.
  • the piston hammer 20 is in its position of impacting on the drill bit 13.
  • the valving element 18 was in its position shown in Fig 2 since the control passage was pressurized, but, during the hammering stroke, the port 63 of the control passage 61 is opened to the control groove 26, the port 64 is blocked by the land 25 of the piston hammer and when the port 57 of the drain passage 55 is opened to the control groove 26 the control passage 61 drains the control chamber 36 so that the pressure in the chambers 37,38 moves the valving element 18 upwards so that the cylinder chamber 34 at the rear of the piston hammer is drained.
  • the pressure in the chamber 28 moves the piston hammer backwards.Then, during the upward return stroke of the hammer piston, the drain port 57 is blocked by the land 25, and the control port 64 is opened to the chamber 28 so that the control passage 61 pressurizes the chamber 36.As a result, the valving element moves to its forward position shown in Fig 2 in which it pressurizes the cylinder chamber 34 so that the piston hammer turns and starts its forward work stroke.
  • Drilling is interrupted automatically when the drill housing 11 is lifted by means of the drill pipe since the drill bit 13 and the piston hammer will move forwardly relative to the housing.
  • the piston hammer will move into a damping chamber 72 so that the holes 35 will be unblocked and supply an intensive flow of water to the flushing fluid passage 15,30,31.
  • the piston hammer 20 is guided along its two lands 24,25 and at its front end, it is guided along the length of the guiding portion 22.
  • more than half of its length is located between its short guiding lengths which makes it possible to have close tolerances in the guidings so that the leakage is minimized and still the expected life of the drill will be long.It is not necessary to have any lubricating additives to the drive water.
  • the supply passage 50 and the drain passage 58 are shown as single passages.It should be understood that they are multiplied in order to provide for sufficient flow.All the supply passages 50 and drain passages 58, and the passages 61,65 for controlling the valve 18 are located in the rear insert 14.
  • the drill can be used not only for drilling downward directed holes but it can be used in all directions. Thus, it can even be used to drill upward directed vertical holes.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)

Abstract

A hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill is adapted to be driven by pressure water. The spent drive fluid is utilised as a flushing medium to flush the debris out of the borehole. The piston hammer (20) is guided at its front and rear ends and a continuously pressurized chamber (28) extends around the piston hammer all the way between the two guiding portions (22, 27). The front guiding portion (22) has a smaller diameter than the rear guiding portion (27) so that the piston hammer will have a differential piston area in the chamber (28). Thus, the pressure in the chamber (28) will provide a continuous force backwards on the piston hammer and cause the return stroke of the piston hammer when a valve controlled cylinder chamber (34) at the rear end of the piston hammer is depressurized.

Description

  • This invention relates to a hydraulic down-the -hole rock drill comprising a housing arranged to be mounted to the front end of a drill tube, a drill bit slidably received and retained by the front end of the housing and having a channel extending longitudinally therethrough, a head at the rear end of the housing, a port in said head arranged to be supplied with pressurized hydraulic fluid from said drill tube, a piston hammer arranged to repetitively impact on said drill bit and having a a longitudinal channel therethrough, a control valve in said head, a flushing fluid channel extending from said valve to the front end of said drill bit and including said channels in the piston hammmer and in the drill bit, said piston hammer having a first piston surface in a first pressure chamber to drive the piston hammer forwardly when said first pressure chamber is pressurized, a second piston surface in a second pressure chamber arranged to drive the piston hammer rearwardly when said first chamber is depressurized, said valve being arranged to alternately connect said first pressure chamber to said port and to said flushing fluid channel so as to reciprocate the piston hammer.
  • Such a hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill, in which the spent drive fluid is used as a flushing medium,is described in applicant's W089/00638 which is the closest prior art.
  • It is an object of the invention to improve the power efficiency of a rock drill of the kind specified and to extend its expected life.
  • The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings which show an embodiment of the invention.
    • Fig 1 is a longitudinal view through a hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill.
    • Fig 2 is a view corresponding to Figl, but it shows some details in other relative positions.
  • The drill shown in the figures has a tubular housing 11. A sleeve-like insert 12 is fixed to the front end of the housing 11 by means of threads. It forms a holder for a drill bit 13. Since the drill bit and the way it is retained in its holder are conventional, only the rear end of the drill bit, the shank, is shown.
  • The drill bit 13 is axially slidable in its holder a limited distance and it is shown in its rear end position in which it is during drilling. The drill bit 13 is locked against rotation to the housing 11 in a conventional way. A central flushing fluid passage 15 leads from the annular rear end surface 19, the impact surface, of the drill bit shank to the front end of the drill bit
  • At the rear end of the housing 11, there is also a sleeve-like insert 14.This insert 14 is axially clamped between a shoulder 16 in the housing 11 and a spacer sleeve 17 by means of a non-illustrated sub that is threaded to the housing and has threads by means of which it can be fixed to the lower end of a drill pipe. The insert 14 forms a head in the upper end of the housing 11 and it forms a housing for a tubular valving element 18.
  • A piston hammer 20 has a front end 21 sealingly guided in a cylindrical guiding portion 22 of the front insert 12 and a rear end 24-26 sealingly guided in a cylindrical guiding portion 27 of the rear insert 14.The rear guided portion 24- 26 of the piston hammer 11 has a control groove 26 so that it comprises two lands 24,25. A chamber 28 extends axially between the two piston guiding portions 22,27.Thus the major part of the length of the piston hammer 20 runs freely without contact with the housing. In a drill with an outer diameter of 100 mm, the piston can be 500 mm long and the distance between the two guiding portions 22,27 can be 400 mm. As shown, the major length of the piston hammer 20 can have a greater diameter than its guided portions 21 and 23,24 respectively,this enlarged major portion has been given the reference numeral 29. The diameter of the rear guiding portion 27 is greater than the diameter of the front guiding portion 22 which provides for a differential piston area of the piston hammer in the chamber 28 so that the pressure in the chamber 28,which is permanently prevailing as will be described later,will cause a continuous upward directed force on the piston hammer.
  • The piston has a central longitudinal channel 30 that is coaxial with the channel 15 in the drill bit 13.The rear insert 14 has a central tube 31 that protrudes into the channel 30 in the piston with a sliding fit and the valving element 18 is located at the rear of the tube 31 and it is coaxial with the tube.The back end of the insert 14 has a cap 32 so that the flushing fluid channel 15 in the drill bit extends straight all the way back to the cap 32 through the interior of the sleeve-like valving element 18. The annular rear end surface 33 of the piston hammer 20 is in a cylinder chamber 34.The piston area of this piston surface 33 is greater than the differential piston area of the piston hammer located in the chamber 28; it is several times greater for example four times greater.The tube 31 has a number of holes 35 that are normally blocked.
  • The valving element 18 and its housing form three chambers 36,37,38.The valving element 18 has a sliding surface 40 above the chamber 37 and a sliding surface 41 below the chamber 37. The diameter of the sliding surface 40 is greater than the diameter of the sliding surface 41 so that a differential piston area is provided that gives an upward directed differential force on the valving element 18 when the chamber 37 is pressurized.This differential piston area is however smaller than the annular piston surface 43 that is in the chamber 36 and gives a downward force when the chamber 36 is pressurized.
  • In the rear insert 14, there is a supply passage 50 that has a port 51 to the sub,that is to the interior of the drill tube,a port 52 to the chamber 37, and a port 53 to the chamber 28. A passage 55 extends between two ports 56,57,that is,the passage 55 is always open to the flushing fluid channel 15,30,31. A passage 58 connects the two chambers 34 and 38. A control passage 61 for shifting the position of the valving element has a port 62 into the chamber 36 and control ports 63,64.
  • The valving element has two positions;a rear position shown in Fig 1 in which it opens the chamber 38 to the tube 31 and a forward position shown in Fig 2 in which it opens the chamber 37 to the chamber 38. The valving element has a valving edge 68 that cooperates with an edge 69 in the valve housing. A number of teeth 70 extend beyond the valving edge 68 so as to define the forward position of the valving element shown in Fig 2 in which the edges 68 and 69 overlap.
  • The operation of the drill will now be described.
  • The non-illustrated drill pipe transmits rotation and a feed force to the drill housing 11. The feed force is transmitted from the drill housing 11 to the drillbit which co-rotates with the housing 11. Drive fluid,that is, water under pressure, is supplied through the drill pipe and the supply passage 50 is continuously pressurized through its port 51. Thus, the chambers 37 and 28 are continuously pressurized. In Fig 1, the piston hammer 20 is in its position of impacting on the drill bit 13. During the forward hammering stroke that the piston just ended, the valving element 18 was in its position shown in Fig 2 since the control passage was pressurized, but, during the hammering stroke, the port 63 of the control passage 61 is opened to the control groove 26, the port 64 is blocked by the land 25 of the piston hammer and when the port 57 of the drain passage 55 is opened to the control groove 26 the control passage 61 drains the control chamber 36 so that the pressure in the chambers 37,38 moves the valving element 18 upwards so that the cylinder chamber 34 at the rear of the piston hammer is drained. As a result, the pressure in the chamber 28 moves the piston hammer backwards.Then, during the upward return stroke of the hammer piston, the drain port 57 is blocked by the land 25, and the control port 64 is opened to the chamber 28 so that the control passage 61 pressurizes the chamber 36.As a result, the valving element moves to its forward position shown in Fig 2 in which it pressurizes the cylinder chamber 34 so that the piston hammer turns and starts its forward work stroke.
  • Drilling is interrupted automatically when the drill housing 11 is lifted by means of the drill pipe since the drill bit 13 and the piston hammer will move forwardly relative to the housing. The piston hammer will move into a damping chamber 72 so that the holes 35 will be unblocked and supply an intensive flow of water to the flushing fluid passage 15,30,31.
  • At its rear end, the piston hammer 20 is guided along its two lands 24,25 and at its front end, it is guided along the length of the guiding portion 22. Thus, more than half of its length is located between its short guiding lengths which makes it possible to have close tolerances in the guidings so that the leakage is minimized and still the expected life of the drill will be long.It is not necessary to have any lubricating additives to the drive water.
  • The supply passage 50 and the drain passage 58 are shown as single passages.It should be understood that they are multiplied in order to provide for sufficient flow.All the supply passages 50 and drain passages 58, and the passages 61,65 for controlling the valve 18 are located in the rear insert 14.
  • The drill can be used not only for drilling downward directed holes but it can be used in all directions. Thus, it can even be used to drill upward directed vertical holes.

Claims (3)

  1. A hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill comprising a housing (11) arranged to be mounted to the front end of a drill pipe, a drill bit (13) slidably received and retained by the front end of the housing and having a channel (15) extending longitudinally therethrough, a head (14) at the rear end of the housing, a port (51) in said head arranged to be supplied with pressurized hydraulic fluid from said drill tube, a piston hammer (20) arranged to repetitively impact on said drill bit and having a a longitudinal channel (30) therethrough, a control valve (18) in said head, a flushing fluid channel (15,30,31) extending from said valve to the front end of said drill bit and including said channels in the piston hammmer and in the drill bit, said piston hammer (20) having a first piston area (33) in a first pressure chamber (34) to drive the piston hammer forwardly when said first pressure chamber is pressurized, a second piston area in a second pressure chamber (28) arranged to drive the piston hammer rearwardly when said first chamber (34) is depressurized, said valve (18) being arranged to alternately connect said first pressure chamber (34) to said port (51) and to said flushing fluid channel (15,30,31) so as to reciprocate the piston hammer,
    characterized in that
    said second chamber (28) is in continuous communication with a port (51) that is arranged to be supplied with pressurized hydraulic fluid from the drill pipe and extends around the piston hammer (20) all the way between the front and rear guiding portions (22,27), said front guiding portion (22) having smaller a diameter than the rear guiding portion (27) so as to provide for said second piston area.
  2. A drill according to claim 1, characterized in that at least 2/3 of the length of the piston hammer (20) is unguided and located in said second chamber (28).
  3. A drill according to claim 2, characterized in that at least half the length of the piston hammer (20) is diametrically enlarged as compared with its guided portions.
EP90911460A 1990-07-12 1990-07-12 Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill Expired - Lifetime EP0543806B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/SE1990/000490 WO1992001138A1 (en) 1990-07-12 1990-07-12 Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0543806A1 EP0543806A1 (en) 1993-06-02
EP0543806B1 true EP0543806B1 (en) 1996-01-17

Family

ID=20378526

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90911460A Expired - Lifetime EP0543806B1 (en) 1990-07-12 1990-07-12 Hydraulic down-the-hole rock drill

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0543806B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE133233T1 (en)
DE (1) DE69024978T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0543806T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2084033T3 (en)
WO (1) WO1992001138A1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108166920A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-06-15 中国石油天然气集团公司 A kind of impact piston and apply its auto-excitation type composite impact drilling tool

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US5497839A (en) * 1992-04-01 1996-03-12 Sds Pty Ltd. Liquid-driven downhole hammer drill
ATE222993T1 (en) * 1993-04-05 2002-09-15 Sds Pty Ltd IMPACT DRILL HAMMER
AU688311B2 (en) * 1993-04-05 1998-03-12 Impact Drilling International Pty Ltd Percussion drilling improvements
DE4433533C1 (en) * 1994-09-20 1995-11-23 Terra Ag Tiefbautechnik Hydraulic ram=type drill
AUPO957097A0 (en) * 1997-10-01 1997-10-30 Rear, Ian Graeme Hammer
AU5475799A (en) 1998-08-10 2000-03-06 Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique Beta-l-2'-deoxy-nucleosides for the treatment of hepatitis
US6444652B1 (en) 1998-08-10 2002-09-03 Novirio Pharmaceuticals Limited β-L-2'-deoxy-nucleosides for the treatment of hepatitis B
CA2295463C (en) 1999-01-27 2008-04-29 William N. Patterson Hydraulic in-the-hole percussion rock drill
US6155361A (en) * 1999-01-27 2000-12-05 Patterson; William N. Hydraulic in-the-hole percussion rock drill
US6464023B2 (en) 1999-01-27 2002-10-15 William N. Patterson Hydraulic in-the-hole percussion rock drill
US6875751B2 (en) 2000-06-15 2005-04-05 Idenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. 3′-prodrugs of 2′-deoxy-β-L-nucleosides
GB2389134B (en) 2000-12-02 2005-06-08 Tracto Technik Pneumatic rock-drilling apparatus
DE10146025B4 (en) * 2000-12-02 2004-12-16 Tracto-Technik Gmbh Method and system for horizontal earth drilling and striking tip and method for starting a striking tool
WO2007036721A2 (en) * 2005-09-29 2007-04-05 Read Well Services Limited Apparatus and method for generating a seismic signal for use in downhole surveying
US7681664B2 (en) 2008-03-06 2010-03-23 Patterson William N Internally dampened percussion rock drill
EP2987945B1 (en) * 2014-08-19 2018-01-31 Doofor Oy Hydraulic striking device
CN113585960B (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-11-21 重庆大学 Central rotary valve type hydraulic impactor

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RO74260A (en) * 1974-04-25 1980-10-30 Oy Tampella Ab,Fi POWERFUL PERFORATER WITH PRESSURE LIQUID
DE3343565C2 (en) * 1983-12-01 1985-11-14 Ing. Günter Klemm, Spezialunternehmen für Bohrtechnik, 5962 Drolshagen Downhole hammer
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SE500654C2 (en) * 1987-07-14 1994-08-01 G Drill Ab Hydraulic submersible drill

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108166920A (en) * 2017-12-26 2018-06-15 中国石油天然气集团公司 A kind of impact piston and apply its auto-excitation type composite impact drilling tool

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE69024978D1 (en) 1996-02-29
EP0543806A1 (en) 1993-06-02
DK0543806T3 (en) 1996-05-06
WO1992001138A1 (en) 1992-01-23
ATE133233T1 (en) 1996-02-15
ES2084033T3 (en) 1996-05-01
DE69024978T2 (en) 1996-12-12

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